Plowing the land is one of the most important agricultural activities. When preparing a site for planting in the spring or after harvesting, the soil must be dug up or plowed. This process helps fill the soil with oxygen, remove weeds, and thanks to it the snow stays on the arable land longer. You can use a shovel to dig up your garden. But this is quite labor-intensive work, especially if large areas of land have to be cultivated. Nowadays, thanks to the development of technology, this task can be made easier by using a walk-behind tractor.

The walk-behind tractor is a universal device. With its help, they carry out basic agricultural work: plowing the land, planting root crops, weeding seedlings, hilling potatoes, harvesting crops, and mowing grass.

1 Preparing for work

Before starting work, the walk-behind tractor must be prepared. To do this, connect it to it, install lug wheels, and check all components.

1.1 Lugs

It is possible to plow the garden only by using grousers. Because the load on the walk-behind tractor when plowing the land increases several times. By using lugs, this task can be made easier. To do this you need:

• remove the hubs and transport wheels on the walk-behind tractor;
• install hubs designed for lugs on the drive axis. Such hubs are longer, so the track width will increase and the walk-behind tractor will become more stable when plowing. Connect the hubs to the shaft with studs and secure with cotter pins;
• install lugs on the hubs. Please note that the tread should taper forward.

The size of the lug wheels is important, because with a small diameter there will not be the required clearance between the gearbox and the ground, and with narrow wheels the walk-behind tractor will “drive” along the furrow. The optimal size of lug wheels: diameter - 50-60 cm, rim width - up to 20 cm. The weight of the walk-behind tractor with wheels is desirable more than 70 kg. With less weight, the walk-behind tractor will slip.

1.2 Plow

The main components for plowing the land are a plow and. They should be collected into one mechanism. After this, install it on the walk-behind tractor. There are hitches of various modifications, but it is better to use a universal one, this will ensure reliable fixation of the plow to the towbar of the walk-behind tractor and will allow for precise adjustment of the plow. When connecting the plow to the hitch, the mounting nuts should not be tightened immediately so that the plow can be adjusted. The hitch with the plow and the mounting bracket of the walk-behind tractor are connected with two pins.

1. The walk-behind tractor should first be installed on stands, the height of which depends on the desired plowing depth. Stands with a height of 15 cm are needed for a plowing depth of 15-18 cm, and for 20-23 cm, the height of the stand should be 20 cm. We lay the stands on a flat surface and place a walk-behind tractor on them. In this case, the plow is installed so that it touches the ground with a field board along its entire length. Make sure that the plow stand is perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the inner end of the lug.
2. Next, you need to adjust the angle of the plow heel, or field board. The distance between the ploughshare (plow nose) and the plow heel should not be more than 3 cm (the size of a matchbox). If the field board is not adjusted, plowing will deteriorate, the plow will burrow heavily into the soil, which will lead to overheating and engine shutdown.
3. In order to adjust the equipment according to the track width, you should note how the nose (share) of the plow is located. The right edge of the share and the inner edge of the right wheel should be in line. In this case, the soil will be cut evenly and the work will be easier.

After assembly and adjustment, you should check the correctness of the work done by performing a test plowing. The distance between the ridges of the previous and next furrow should be no more than 10 cm. There should also be no pile-up of soil from one furrow to another. To do this, the right wheel of the walk-behind tractor must move in the middle of the blade of the previous furrow. A correctly adjusted walk-behind tractor works without jerking, and the plow does not bury its ploughshare deep into the ground.

1.3 Preparatory activities

For experienced plowmen, preparatory activities can be skipped. But for those who are plowing for the first time, an approximate cord should be stretched along the initial row of the plot. When plowing, the plow usually moves to the right, and it is difficult to make the row even. In this case, a stretched cord will help as a guide. The second and subsequent rows can be plowed without additional equipment, since the walk-behind tractor wheel will move along the furrow.

2 Plowing the site with a walk-behind tractor

There are two ways to plow a garden.

1. Plowing fell. Work begins from the center of the site. On the opposite side, the walk-behind tractor is turned around, the right wheel is placed in the furrow and walked back. This creates a large ridge. So they move forward, plowing the entire garden. The advantages of this method are that if there is still a little snow in the garden, it falls into the furrows and does not melt longer, filling the ground with moisture.
2. Waddle plowing. Start moving from the right edge of the site. At the end of the row, the apparatus is driven to the other edge and plowed again. And so they continue the entire plowing, row after row. With this method, the plow turns the soil and covers it with fertilizer.

2.1 Starting the walk-behind tractor

Before starting work, engage the clutch, selecting “neutral” on the gearbox, start the engine, which must warm up. The second speed is considered the optimal speed for cultivating soil of average quality.

During the plowing process, the number of revolutions may change. It is adjusted when the plowing depth changes or when switching to a different soil type.

2.2 Plowing the area

How to plow properly? To perform the main work, install the equipment at the edges of the field. Position the steering wheel parallel to the ground.

Bury the walk-behind tractor a little into the ground, pressing down. Move straight, holding the handles. You should not press hard on the steering wheel, just like pushing a running walk-behind tractor. The main task is to hold the steering wheel correctly so that the device does not sink deep into the soil or, on the contrary, rise up. Having made the first furrow, check its depth from the bottom to the ridge, which should vary from 15 to 18 cm.

If the device has stopped moving and the cutters are buried in the ground, then it should be taken by the handles and brought to a level position. Lateral deviations may occur, especially in cultivated furrows. On loose, cultivated soil, make sure that the cutters do not dive deep, but on hard soil, make several approaches, making the first treatment at low speeds.

At the end of the row, they turn around and continue plowing, or move from the edge to the center. At the end of the work, the mechanism is cleaned, the plow is unfastened from the walk-behind tractor and put away until next time.

2.3 How to plow with a Motor Sich walk-behind tractor? (video)

Depending on the size of the plot. They are divided into three types:

1. Motor-cultivator or light walk-behind tractor. Weighs up to 50 kg. Power – 3-5 horsepower. Designed for cultivating land up to 6 acres using a cutter or cultivator.
2. Medium walk-behind tractor. Weight – up to 100 kg. Power – up to 12 horsepower. Plows a plot of up to 120 acres using.
3. Heavy walk-behind tractor. Power – up to 30 horsepower. With its help you can treat an area of ​​up to 2 hectares. Works with a mounted plow.

The most important job of a gardener in spring or autumn is plowing the garden plot. Many people already have something on their farm for these purposes, which makes their work much easier. Beginners may have difficulty using this technique. How to plow with a walk-behind tractor in order to carefully and correctly plow the garden. The answers to these questions will allow you to carry out the required work efficiently.

It does not require a lot of fuel, takes up minimal space, is easy to operate and solves a number of important tasks, one of which is plowing.

Mini, medium or heavy?

In order for plowing with a plow to be effective, it is necessary to choose the right equipment. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account, firstly, the area that will be processed with its help, and, secondly, the tasks that it must perform.

There are three types of walk-behind tractors:

1. light (mini);
2. average;
3. heavy.

Let's look at the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Mini or light walk-behind tractors

Used to work in small areas, they are also called motor cultivators. The engine power of these devices is up to 4.5 horsepower.

Among the advantages of motor cultivators are:

• lightness (weight does not exceed 40 kg);
• low price (from 6000 UAH);
• the ability to process hard-to-reach places thanks to the small grip of the cutter.

However, light walk-behind tractors do not work for a long time, since they have an insufficiently powerful engine, which quickly overheats, and do not bury themselves well in the ground due to their insufficient weight.

Medium walk-behind tractors

Unlike light ones, they boast rear-wheel drive and are great for working on large areas (up to 0.5 hectares). Weight varies from 45 to 65 kg, the cost of such equipment, on average, is 10,000–12,000 UAH. Engine power - 4.5–12 liters. With. Many models of medium walk-behind tractors can be equipped with additional equipment.

Main advantages:

• presence of a front headlight and two gears;
• the ability to attach a plow;
• Compared to heavy ones of this type, medium walk-behind tractors are more mobile and easier to turn.

Among the weak points of monoblocks of this class are the processing depth of up to 11 cm, which is insufficient for many crops.

Heavy walk-behind tractors

Suitable for professional cultivation of land in areas larger than 0.5 hectares, as they have an engine power of 12 to 30 hp. With. and many advanced features. The cost of heavy walk-behind tractors is at least 12,000 UAH. The possibility of attaching a trailer or a plow is one of main advantages walk-behind tractors of this type. They break through easily and cover the area many times faster than motorized cultivators.

Heavy walk-behind tractors have additional options: the ability to adjust the pneumatic wheel and steering wheel (higher and lower), reverse. Noticeable disadvantages are bulkiness, which requires a lot of force to turn the equipment; the need for reinforcement, because under high loads, the cutter or steering handle may break.

Preparing the walk-behind tractor

Having determined that medium and heavy types of this equipment are suitable for plowing the land with a walk-behind tractor using a mounted plow, we will figure out how to prepare the walk-behind tractor for operation.

Installation of ground hooks

First, you need to install ground hooks with a diameter of at least 50 cm and a width of 18 cm. Having previously prepared the insert axles, place the equipment on a surface where it will stand level. Then, instead of wheels with tires, install wheels with ground hooks on the extended axles. After installing the hooks, you can proceed to hanging the plow on the walk-behind tractor.

Did you know?Initially, farmers were farmers with their hands, later with sticks, and only in the 4th millennium BC was the plow invented, which until the middle of the last century throughout the world symbolized the beginning of a new life and was the emblem of agriculture.

Hanging and adjusting the plow

Plows are attached to the walk-behind tractor couplers, different types of which have their own properties. Therefore, before installing the tiller on the walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to carry out work on fastening it to the hitch. It must be secured with one pin, while maintaining play in the horizontal plane (5–6 °). By fixing the hitch with two pins or removing play, you can get a rigid connection, which is a mistake.

Important!If the hitch does not have the possibility of play, then when the buried plow moves forward and the force of resistance from the ground acts on it, not only the plow with the hitch will deviate to the side, but the entire walk-behind tractor, which will significantly complicate the work.

Next you need attach the plow to the hitch without tightening the fastening nuts all the way to begin adjusting the swing arm. It is better to perform this operation with an assistant. When attached, you can proceed to setting up the plow on the walk-behind tractor. Adjusting the plow is more complicated than attaching it to the unit, but this process is very important, because if you adjust the plow incorrectly, more effort will have to be put into plowing and it will not be of high quality. In order to adjust the baking powder on the walk-behind tractor, using stands you need balance the plowing implement with the plow. To do this, we place ground hooks and the support leg of the walk-behind tractor on identical wooden stands, the height of which depends on the desired plowing depth. This must be done so that the walk-behind tractor does not tip towards the attachment.

The next step is to use the bolts to adjust, tilt the plow bed in such a way that his heel is parallel to the ground. After this, you need to remove all the supports and adjust the carrier so that the handles are at the same level with the belt of the worker plowing. Thus, your hands do not get tired for a long time while working with the unit.

Final stage - stabilization of the plowing plane level. The angle between the sharp end of the plow and the ground can be adjusted by rearranging the bolt connections or using an adjusting screw. The second method is more convenient and practical. To do this, on a walk-behind tractor standing on a plane with an attached swing arm, you need to unscrew the adjusting screw so that the blade of the attachment “lies” on the ground.
Then, unscrew the screw in the opposite direction so that the “back” of the plow rises by 2.5 seconds. above the ground, no more and no less. If this so-called angle of attack is too large or vice versa, the walk-behind tractor will not plow as it should.

Important!The choice of plow directly determines whether plowing the soil will be possible. When purchasing attachments, you must take into account the fact that its size is determined by the weight of the walk-behind tractor (for a unit whose weight is about 100 kg, a plow with a grip of 23 cm is suitable, a plow grip for machines weighing no more than 75 kg should be 18 cm).

Plowing the site

It’s not difficult to figure out how to plow with a walk-behind tractor and a plow. To do this, you need to roll out the device to the place where the land is plowed and along the first row, where loosening will take place, pull a cord that you can use as a guide - the plow pulls to the right, and it is quite difficult to make the first row level without auxiliary means.

The handle of the equipment should be turned to the left in order to walk across an area of ​​land that has not yet been plowed. Before starting the main plowing, it is necessary to carry out control plowing of the soil - walking to the opposite end of the site at low speed.

This is necessary to check whether the tiller is adjusted correctly and whether the furrow depth is sufficient (it should be 15–20 cm). We place the right lug in the row-crop furrow, engage first gear, tilt the device to the right and begin to move. Having completed the first control pass, we turn the device 180 ° so that the right wheel of the walk-behind tractor is on the opposite side to the already plowed row, and move in the opposite direction. After the second pass, we evaluate the depth of the furrow. If the depth is not sufficient or the furrow is too deep, the plow must be adjusted again.

Plowing the land in a dream yourself with a tractor or plow, seeing it plowed and sown is one of the prosperous signs. Especially if you dreamed of fertile soil. Dream books say that the dreamer is actively searching for business and marriage partners. The larger the plowed field, the greater the chances of success. Detailed answers to why arable land is dreamed of can be found from famous interpreters.

What does Miller's dream book promise?

The psychologist, known for his predictions, considers why one dreams of plowing the land in two ways. His dream book states that soil plowed by a plow or on a tractor means despair from the mountain of work that has piled up. At the same time, he urges not to lose hope of gaining a well-deserved reward and profit for your work.

Interpretations of a dream about a plowed field from a famous psychologist:

• to follow the plow yourself - to large amounts of work, difficulties;
• working on a tractor is a reason to start your own business;
• seeing plowmen - to the implementation of creative projects;
• sowing arable land personally - to a generous reward, achieving goals.

Feel free to open your own business

If you happen to plow the land, see arable land where birds walk, or plant plants in a dream, know that there will be no better omen for the implementation of your own project. Dream books recommend starting to implement even the most daring ideas. Long-standing expectations will be justified if you dreamed that all the work of sowing fell on you.

Unexpected joy, big profits, a fruitful year - this is exactly what you dream of plowing and harrowing virgin soil. The predictors are unanimous here: they call for casting aside doubts and getting closely involved in major projects.

Take care of your personal life urgently

A field plowed in a dream symbolizes fertility. If a girl dreams about it, it’s time to think about having a child. Women's dream books talk about the readiness of young people to get married and engage in procreation. Plowing the ground, walking on it barefoot - leads to an established intimate life.

The famous psychologist Freud draws a clear parallel between the plowed area and the genitals. He explains in detail why you dream of digging, plowing, planting. According to his forecasts, changes in intimate life will not take long to happen. And most importantly, they will all be only in a positive direction.

When to take care

Plowing the ground and falling under it in a dream is bad. A dream means the onset of a disease. If you dreamed that you were stuck, or could not get beyond plowing, be attentive to your well-being, rest more often and be in the fresh air.

First, you need to figure out how many times a year it is necessary to plow the land and what benefits does each plowing provide? The main plowing of the land should be carried out in the fall.

This procedure is called autumn plowing - it should begin during the first frosts, i.e. when the ground begins to chill. The main advantage of this treatment is the death of the larvae of various pests that have entered the soil for the winter. Also, during autumn, the soil intensively absorbs moisture, which has a very good effect on its fertility in the next season.

If the main plowing of the land is carried out in the spring, this can lead to the appearance of harmful organisms and fungi on the surface of the earth, which threatens to infect the cultivated crops with all kinds of diseases. Beneficial bacteria, which are rich in the top layer of the earth, on the contrary, can end up in the depths and die. Autumn plowing preserves beneficial bacteria in such a way that with the arrival of spring they are completely restored, which is so necessary for the crops grown.

In spring it is better to harrow the soil. This should be done as soon as the topmost layer of soil dries out a little. In this way, you can retain all the necessary moisture that has accumulated in the soil over the winter.

You should also remember that it is necessary to plow the land in the fall using organic fertilizers. Burnt straw or manure can be used as organic matter. A necessary condition for using such fertilizer is that straw or manure must “burn out” for at least a year. Fresh manure can, when added to the soil, can significantly damage and destroy all the beneficial substances and organisms that are necessary for the proper and good growth of crops.

It is best to turn to professionals for plowing the land, who will do all the necessary work very efficiently and exactly at the time when it is necessary. Possessing all the necessary equipment and knowledge, they will carry out plowing according to all the rules, without spoiling the top fertile layer of soil. This will also be economically beneficial, since you can always find the best option for cultivating the land at minimal cost.

Why is plowing the land necessary?

The most important problem with soil, especially in humid climates, is salinity. Salt accumulates in the soil due to excessive moisture - when the top layer has time to dry out, but the lower layer of soil constantly remains wet. Since water contains a certain amount of salt, it accumulates in the soil if the soil is not plowed in time and the soil is not allowed to receive a sufficient amount of oxygen, which is also necessary for the normal development of beneficial bacteria.

It is also very important to plow the soil correctly - this will help avoid the appearance and development of soil erosion. Soil erosion can occur due to excessive moisture, which can lead to the leaching of all necessary minerals and microorganisms from the soil. Frequent use of heavy farm equipment can also negatively impact soil health. Heavy machinery contributes to excessive soil compaction, which in most cases leads to the death of beneficial microorganisms and a subsequent decrease in yield.

If the cultivated soil is too clayey, then peat can be added to it during plowing. Peat loosens the soil well, making it darker, which will allow the soil to warm up better in the spring.

It should be remembered that autumn plowing of the land must be carried out to a greater depth than in spring. If you plan to grow root crops in your field, this will be a necessary condition for their good development. To grow cereal plants, deep plowing may either not be necessary at all, or it can be done once every few years to renew the surface of the fertile soil layer.

For proper and high-quality plowing of the land, you need to have the necessary knowledge so as not to harm the land instead of benefiting it. The use of specialized equipment is also necessary. Farm equipment that is too heavy can damage the soil, while equipment that is too light will most likely not cope with the task.

By contacting our company, you will no longer have to worry about carrying out high-quality and correct work. We will do all the necessary work that will allow you to effectively grow certain agricultural crops on your land. Also, our specialists will do all the work exactly at the time when it is really necessary and beneficial for the earth.

Plowing the land is not such a simple matter. Entrust the work to people who know and can do a lot in this area.

Once you have a hectare, do not plow your land with a tractor. The sight of the overturned earth, which then spreads into mush from the rains and, when dried, becomes hard like concrete - a disgusting sight. Non-mouldboard methods of loosening are also bad: the walk-behind tractor turns the soil into dust, cuts worms along the way and is wrapped in weeds, which are left on the beds as fertilizer. Try not to touch the ground. At all. One winter, as an experiment. In spring the earth will become soft as feathers! You can easily insert your palm into it to its full depth. The fact is that the water in the soil, freezing, breaks it into small grains. In spring, the ice melts and the water goes underground, and the space between the grains is filled with air. It is not digging that makes the ground soft, but frost! Note to the housewife: you can speed up the formation of humus by quickly freezing manure and other organic materials with dry ice or liquid nitrogen before adding them to the soil. This is especially useful in areas where winter is purely symbolic or in apartments. A shovel is only needed for digging potatoes and planting holes. Fears that without plowing and digging the garden will be overgrown with perennial weeds will not be justified! After a few years, you will notice that the garden is literally teeming with earthworms. But the joy will be short-lived: after the worms, those who feed on worms will come - moles. They will plow the garden up and down, hopelessly ruining all the plantings. Do not use chemical poison (it is harmful to plants and your health. Voles and hamsters overwinter freely on unplowed land and destroy up to a quarter of the entire crop and gnaw the foundations of houses (tested in a real settlement). To prevent rodents from growing in the garden, you need to plant blackroot, several There are more than enough bushes to make you forget about rodents forever.It doesn’t hurt to plant blackroot next to fruit trees, because they also suffer from rodents and hares in winter.

You can fight rodents with humane mousetraps, boiling water, gas, hedgehogs and cats. Rodents are needed because they loosen the earth (first) and secondly, because bumblebees live in their burrows, and bumblebees are good pollinators. An excess of rodents is harmful to some, a deficiency to others. Conclusion: Maintain a reasonable balance of rodents, cats, hedgehogs and bumblebees in your ecosystem. Perhaps the problem of bumblebees will be solved by a bee hive or wasp nests in wooden wasp houses; It is not known which pollinators pollinate which plants and how well, if anyone knows, please share. Make houses for birds and wasps + plant more bushes. Birds are definitely useful - they eat pests. Make sure there are no blackbirds - they eat shadberry, chokeberry and other berries; perhaps the berry eaters will be distracted by their excess (as in the old joke - plant so many that they choke :) in general, experiments need to be carried out, maybe it will even come to falconry for blackbirds and the anti-thrush division of top-climbing cats :) again the problem of ecosystem balance. Ideally, the balance should be maintained by its inhabitants themselves (according to the law of the jungle) without human intervention - so that people do not waste their time on what nature should do. We need to make Anastasia’s clearing on our land - where all the animals and trees will do everything for a person and according to his desire.

Do the experiment. Those who don't believe will check. Talk to the weed, explain to it where it can climb and where it can’t, give it a domain. People say the herbs listen! The main thing is faith and love. Those who have already moved to a village or per hectare for permanent residence grow herbs “to order.” And one more thing about faith: when planting something, believe that it will definitely sprout and be accepted. Seeds must be planted in the fall (which ones are winter-hardy) so that they get used to the neighboring weeds, especially the first year of development of “virgin land” - then the weeds will not drive out the cultural stranger, but will help him.

The Colorado potato beetle overwinters worse in unplowed soil. Such land does not require fertilizers, which your neighbors in the village are forced to sprinkle annually in bags into their soil, which is constantly losing fertility. If you do not burn either the weed or the leaves, then all this will be eaten by worms and you will get more than enough humus. And vermicompost is one of the best and most expensive fertilizers. It’s even better to add biomass from the surrounding meadows. This way, you will save time on applying fertilizers - just as Anastasia said.

If the same real facts come from different continents, then it’s worth thinking about. Conduct the following experiment at your dacha (or hectare) in the spring:

Plant the first bed in the traditional way;

Plant the same number of seeds in the second bed as in the first, but do not dig the soil deeply - so that the seeds take root.

Next... water the first bed heavily, but don’t water the second bed - just trim/mow down those weeds that climb above the crop, so that they don’t shade the crop. Then compare the quantity and taste of the harvest and remember the chapter “Taiga Lunch”. Those who have read V. Maigret’s books, plant half of the beds using Anastasia’s method (holding the seeds in your mouth) and the others not, and also compare (there are facts that vegetables taste better using Anastasia’s method). Don't waste your time on endless weeding - reality, weeds are friends.

Technologies with crop rotation and monoculture cultivation of plants are not suitable in principle for a family estate. We are talking about organic farming using the principles of permaculture and mixed growing of plants. With the correct selection of plants, the issue of insect pests, as well as many plant diseases, is practically eliminated - read books, there is now a lot of literature on this topic. If plants and animals fight pests and weeds, you will save a lot of time.

According to one point of view, the seeds should only be your own. It is necessary to use not purchased seeds, even from the best domestic breeders, but your own seeds. When using your seeds, several important processes occur. Firstly, there is a full guarantee that the seeds are normal. Secondly, plants will gradually restore their original natural set of genes. Unfortunately, today many “cultivated” plants have undergone changes, not for the better. Thirdly, plants gradually adapt to the given climatic conditions of the region, and even to the microclimatic conditions of this particular area and to its soil.

According to another point of view, it is necessary to buy new varieties and hybrids (seeds and seedlings). Old varieties and their seeds will die. Why? Because due to poor ecology, not only AIDS, a new flu and atypical pneumonia appear, but also new diseases - plant micropests, they study old varieties and destroy them (late blight, cancer, etc.), while new varieties and hybrids prevent diseases too tough. Avoid genetically modified seeds and seedlings, they can cause allergies and diseases.

Two different points of view. What to do? Make 2 beds and see which is better. On one bed there are old varieties and their own seeds, and on the other there are new varieties and hybrids. New varieties and hybrids can also be used to obtain your own seeds - do the breeding yourself.

Mandatory harvesting, which is used by summer residents and villagers, is erroneous. With monoculture growing this really becomes a problem. But with mixed it’s no longer there. In addition, experiments indicate that self-seeding can be achieved with many plants if some of the fruits are left for the seeds to ripen. That is, labor costs in the family estate can be further reduced due to this.

Conclusion: the fears of skeptics that it is unrealistic to cultivate a hectare are wrong. You will save time on: plowing, weeding, planting, pest and disease control, etc. - any action of the summer resident can be at least minimized and, at maximum, abolished by entrusting it to the ecosystem. Kurdyumov’s new book, “Forming instead of pruning,” allows you to save time on pruning fruit trees. There is another way: using a hectare of land, plant a lot of seedlings and the harvest will be due to the number of trees, and not the quality of their care.