Bogomolov V.I.

A selection of notes “Spring Products 2011”

Preface

Winter has passed, summer has come - thanks to the party for that!

Over the past 15 years, I have been promoting the idea of ​​the fundamental possibility of constructing perpetual motion machines of the second kind, that is, the real possibility of using hardware to utilize the free energy of the work of the natural forces of the human environment for the needs of the consumer.

What natural forces are we talking about? I specialize in studying the possibility of a person using free work of gravitational forces, centrifugal forces of inertia and “returning” Archimedean forces in gravitational fields, in fields of centrifugal forces, in fields of magnetic and in fields of electrostatic forces.

What is the source of my endless enthusiasm and many years of perseverance? I believe that in nature all the forces known to us are the result of the work of natural “machines”, the work of mechanisms, built by nature according to a single universal principle. Namely, the principle of continuous exchange of energy in the environment, as a way of “automatically” restoring the optimal energy balance as a whole, in case of local violation of the parameter “ energy density by volume» in radial gradients of energy density of all known fields of potential energy of conservative forces.

Postulate : “According to this scheme, all natural forces arise and are realized in the natural machines of the environment.” The features of such a scheme determine in specific situations the power of operation of such natural machines and determine our ability to utilize part of the free energy in hardware such natural energy exchange process through the physical effects of the free work of conservative forces.

Thus, the source of my enthusiasm and persistence lies in the belief that the knowledge of the inventor of “perpetual motion machines” of the universal structure and operating principle of natural machines that generate known forces of types of interactions will allow him to construct devices and manually implement artificial processes of redistribution of energy flows through open artificial systems that organically, without violence against nature, they will fit into the system of universal energy exchange.

This spring I have new interpretations of the above postulate in the form of new diagrams of my speculative experimental setups for “decisive experiments” to prove my hypothesis.

What else does the law of communicating vessels tell us about?

Over thousands of years of industrial practice, humanity has reliably verified this truth: the law of nature “communicating vessels” is an indisputable fact.

What other natural laws-truths can the logic of reasoning tell us about? based on the truth of nature’s immutable fulfillment of the law of communicating vessels?

Let's consider diagrams 1-a, 1-b, 1-c of the action of natural forces of the law of communicating vessels.

Figure 1-a shows a variant of the law of communicating vessels, where a section of the ocean on the planet is considered as the latter. Figures 1-b and 1-c show a version of the law of “Archimedean levers” using examples of hydraulic scales - communicating vessels and lever scales.

What conclusions can we come to by examining and comparing these schemes?

Regardless of any fluctuations in the surface level of the world's oceans (under the influence of various forces: climatic, centrifugal, ship movement, etc.), the action of the planet's gravitational forces ultimately always determines the average constant level of water mass in the ocean, corresponding to the radius of the speculatively accepted equipotential surface of the sphere, as mark in the reference system about the magnitude of the action of equal gravitational forces of a planet on equal masses of matter.

The tendency of the water level in the ocean to occupy a stable equilibrium position at the same radius of the equipotential surface of the reference frame arises as a result of equality of WORK of equal opposing FORCES gravity on the gravitational masses of liquid matter in “communicating vessels” of ocean water.

We can draw a similar conclusion about the constant and continuous equality of the GRANT WORKS PERFORMED and the resultant gravitational forces of the planet on equal masses of hydraulic and lever scales by considering the desire of the levers to take a stable equilibrium position on the same radius of the equipotential surface of this reference frame.

A certain radius of a “spherical” equipotential surface corresponds to a certain parameter "energy density by volume" in the continuous eternal PROCESS of WORK of gravitational forces, including in their work on the continuous process of creating and maintaining a gradient of hydrostatic pressure forces, for example, in a liquid on the planet.

I borrowed the concept of “energy density” - energy density, as the specific volumetric energy of structuring the substance of the planet from V.V. Zuev from his work “Energy Density, Properties of Minerals and Energy Structure of the Earth”. The spherical boundaries of the Earth’s structures are an example of the structuring of its energy levels as a single quantum mechanical system .

Let us consider in Figures 2-a and 2-b the diagrams of the action of the natural forces of Archimedes’ law, the Archimedean lifting forces acting on the float and compare them with diagrams 1-a and 1-b.

Through the lower and upper surfaces of the float, the boundaries of equipotential surfaces are drawn speculatively (reference system), corresponding to the radius vectors of the action of the planet’s gravitational forces on the masses of the float and liquid.

Archimedean force is the resultant forceF A two pressure forces, from belowF 2 on the base of the float and on topF 1 onto the surface of the float.F A= F 2 – F 1. Pressure forces F 1 and F 2 each is proportional to the weight of the liquid, that is, the WORK of gravitational forces (F gr ) “each for its own column” of liquid. By “pillars” we mean the columns of hydrostatic pressure forces shown in the figures.

What conclusions can we come to by comparing schemes 1-a, 1-b and 2-a, 2-b?

In Figure 2-b in U In a -shaped communicating vessel, Archimedes’ law is fulfilled in strict accordance with the diagram of the mechanism of action of the lifting Archimedean forces shown in Figure 2-a, when the “columns” of the liquid mass are exactly inscribed in the capacity of the left and right branches of the communicating vessels. Scheme 2-b is considered as an analogue of hydraulic scale diagram 1-b and shows complete compliance with the mechanisms for implementing the natural physical effects “communicating vessels” and “lifting Archimedean forces”.

The law of action of the Archimedean lifting force can be considered as a special case of the action of the law of communicating vessels and vice versa.

Let's ask ourselves one more question. The answer to it for the inventor of the “perpetual motion machine” determines the real prospects for his perseverance. What are energy sources for the operation of the mechanism of action of lifting Archimedean forces on the float in the left branch of communicating vessels in Fig. 2-b and for the operation of the mechanism for maintaining the liquid level in the left branch of communicating vessels in Fig. 1-b?

From a comparative analysis of the mechanisms for implementing the natural effects “communicating vessels” and “lifting Archimedean forces”, discussed in the figures, it obviously follows that SUCH a source of energy, ultimately, is the WORK of gravitational forces in right branches of communicating vessels, transmitted in left a communicating vessel through the force gradient mechanism (see equipotential surfaces shown in the diagrams) of the hydrostatic pressure of the “columns” of the gravitational mass of the liquid.

This conclusion is confirmed by the postulate of mechanics: “The mechanism of action of any force to move the working body can be realized only and only when the counteraction of another force is supported.” The Archimedean force, figuratively speaking, “rests” on the equipotential surfaces of the reference system, indicated in the figures by the red dotted line. This conclusion is important for subsequent reasoning.

As a result of our reasoning about the law of communicating vessels, let us ask ourselves the third series of questions and consider the principle diagram of the operation of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, proposed by the inventor in Figure 3.

Figure 3 shows an oval pipe positioned vertically. We, as in previous examples, consider it as a system of left and right communicating vessels. Correction balls are freely placed in the pipe. The liquid is brought into a looped flow (counterclockwise) by some external drive.

Questions:

1. How will changing the direction of movement affect c systems for counting gravitational forces and the gradient of hydrostatic pressure forces on the result of the fulfillment of Archimedes' law in liquid columns of communicating vessels under conditions of vertical movement of liquid in communicating vessels in the gravitational field of the planet, when it rises upward by inertia and when it falls downward under the influence of its weight?

2. Will the well-known flow of liquid in the communicating vessels in Figure 3 (ascending and descending flows of liquid in the gravitational field of the planet) ALSO be fulfilled? physical effect of DRIVING upward fluid movement well-known water-lifting device type " airlift»?

Answers from the inventor of the VD:

The magnitude of the gravitational force on the control mass changes during its vertical movement along with its reference frame.

The “falling” flow in the left pipe approaches weightlessness and the absence of Archimedean forces, and the flow “taking off” by inertia is affected by an overload and the Archimedean forces increase, therefore, under conditions of vertical fluid movement, inequality in the action of these forces arises and their work is realized to drive the mass of liquid into a unidirectional flow counterclock-wise.

According to the formula of Archimedes' law on the magnitude of the lifting force of the float, whereg=9.8 m/s 2 acceleration of gravity; A- acceleration of the external force of the drive (starter) of the liquid into the flow through the looped pipe; mis the mass of the volume of liquid displaced by the float(s).

F A = mg, when the liquid does NOT move relative to the planet's gravitational field.

F A left = m(g-a),when the liquid moves relative to the gravitational field of the planet in a downward flow.

F A right = m (g + a) ,when the liquid moves relative to the gravitational field of the planet in an upward flow. Then:

m (g -a) < m(g+a); F A left< F A right.

After the initial acceleration of the liquid through the annular pipe (communicating vessels) by some external drive and then, at the moment of its shutdown, the magnitude of the lifting force of the floats is considered as the AIRLIFT DRIVE force of the liquid into the flow (by analogy with the principle of operation of airlift water-lifting devices, where the floats act as pistons to drive the upward flow). This drive force, according to Archimedes' law and the law of communicating vessels, will be determined:

F Drive A =F A right – F A left = m (g +a) - m (g -a).

Note: The same method of proving the operability of the Archimedean engine-propulsion (drive) in the version for Archimedean forces in a gravitational field is applicable to the Archimedean engine-propulsion (drive) in the version of Archimedean forces in the field of centrifugal inertial forces. I used the second version of the drive circuit using Archimedean forces in the invention, p RF Attent No. 2396681 dated 08/10/2010 “Electromagnetic hydrodynamic generator (EMGDG)”. I will show off here only the expected picture of his future appearance.

Literature :

1. Bogomolov V.I. RF Patent No. 2396681 dated August 10, 2010 for “Electromagnetic hydrodynamic generator (EMGDG)” http://khd2.narod.ru/authors/bgmlv/bgmlv.htm;

2. Bogomolov V.I. M-Paradigm of Physics. .

3. Zuev V.V. “Energy density, Properties of minerals and energy structure of the Earth.” - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1995 - 128 p.

From a letter to E. Arsentiev

Hello, Evgeniy!

I was sick for half the winter and read science fiction. For fun, I thought about an alternative history in which steam engines for propulsion for ships could have appeared a couple of thousand years earlier.

So the scheme degenerated. Its specificity is that the higher the vertical “power” pipe “airlift” for driving liquid into the flow, the greater the efficiency of the Archimedean steam engine. Therefore, part of the structure must be placed not only in the hull, but also in the keel, like a yacht.

I wrote a one-page article about the principle of operation of the Archimedean engine according to my RF patent for the electric generator “EMGDG” (which no one has been interested in for a year now, unfortunately!) “What else does the law of communicating vessels tell us about?”.Attached a file to the letter. The material can help the DIY enthusiast understand when building a model of such a yacht.

Best regards, Vyacheslav

Steam Archimedes engine-airlift Bogomolov

with Arsentieva vortex jet propulsionfor yachts

The advantage of this scheme is that:

To the non-renewable fuel energy expended by the user for the operation of the steam boiler are added two sources of free renewable energy from the environment:

1. Formed by a steam boiler in a vertical pipe steam bubbles and convective currents add power to the device through the work of Archimedean forces in an upward flow up the pipe, and thus act as pistons for driving the steam-water mixture into the flow along the pipeline to the jet nozzle. At the same time, in the downward flow through the pipe there are no Archimedean forces and do not slow down the flow. Thanks to the pipeline in the form of a converging spiral of a snail, the flow speed when approaching the nozzle increases.

2. Steam-water mixture through the nozzle injected into the water jet vortex generator as a hot and expanded working fluid. The formed toroidal vortex is constantly replenished with a hot flow of working fluid from the device, on the one hand. On the other hand, as a result of constant cooling and adiabatic compression of the working fluid, replenished ejected seawater under free accompanying environmental pressure at depth. The work of deep pressure forces increases the power of the propulsion engine.

3. The absence of unnecessary energy converting units from one form to another in the circuit, the absence of mechanical gearboxes and moving mechanical parts increases the efficiency and reliability of the device.

NB: I believe that the declared fundamental possibility of using hardware to utilize the energy of the free work of the hydrostatic pressure forces of the planet in the circuit of a steam jet engine-propellant of a vortex water jet is similar to the “implosion” principle of W. Schauberger.

There is another idea in addition. The role of the firebox and steam boiler inside the airlift pipe can be performed by a device for electrolysis of water with a high-voltage pulsed arc directly inside the airlift pipe and immediately burn the bubbles of the resulting hydrogen-oxygen mixture (micro-explosions), and thereby generate steam bubbles in the power pipe. As a result of electrolysis and microexplosions, the liquid in the pipe will be ionized, and then it, as an electrically charged working fluid, can be used, plus vaporization, according to the idea of ​​my patent “EMGDG”, in the generation of electricity by a magnetohydrodynamic generator for subsequent reverse powering of the voltaic arc... This will be the third way to add power to the steam Archimedean engine with a vortex propulsion-water jet.

The electro-hydraulic effect of L.A. Yutkin (hydraulic explosion with a spark), used as a “jet thrower” (“YUT” 1957) is also acceptable.

Attached is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion steam engine.

Steam "boiler" on gas.

(Options: hydrogen+oxygen; propane+air)

A simple automatic system for gas ejection into the combustion chamber for a cyclic explosion of the working mixture. The prototype is a two-stroke internal combustion engine.

The first portion of gas to form a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber when starting the engine is manually pumped by force with a pump under pressure, then its explosion is initiated by an electric discharge (spark, arc). After the explosion, a wave of pressure difference is formed and then, at the moment of the rarefaction period, gas is automatically sucked into the chamber through the valves , without the participation of an external pump.

After an explosion in the chamber, part of the steam-water mixture is pulsed into the airlift pipe, and the freed volume in the chamber, therefore, according to the law of communicating vessels, is occupied by water from the airlift pipe. This water compresses the flammable mixture formed in the working chamber under pressure, according to the principle of an air bell, in accordance with the depth of the air bell’s penetration into the reservoir. Immediately, the next ignition of the working mixture automatically occurs.

In such a simple design scheme "steam internal combustion engine" The most difficult thing for artisanal production will be achieving the tightness of the pipeline along with the combustion chamber and the quality of the gas valves.

Reasoning on the topic of physical effects in the operation of the Clem engine

(But not about the details of its design!)

Let's conduct some speculative experiments.

Let's imagine a tube AB filled with liquid. Let's consider two possible mechanical a way to move fluid through a pipe. This: gradient difference pressure in the structure of the liquid substance along the pipe and mass inertia force liquid substances.

If the tube is fixed on a rotating shaft so that it becomes a generatrix of the side surface of the cone, as in Figure 1 (let’s call this structure “rotor”), then under the action of centrifugal force (CBS) we can observe the above methods DRIVE liquid into the stream. To implement these methods you need to create some sufficient conditions , because These methods are not always implemented in the field of centrifugal forces.

1. If the end hole IN pipes closed(condition for the implementation of the effect), then in the pipe under the influence of centrifugal forces a radial pressure gradient in a liquid with maximum pressure at a point IN. (no DRIVE)

2.If the holes are equal in area and open, then the central bank will not create ADDITIONAL pressure, but another condition will arise for the implementation of the drive into the flow by inertia.

If the holes in ends A and B of the pipe open, and there is freedom to move the mass of the substance under the influence of the centrifugal force of inertia, then the liquid will move radially through the pipe, rushing from point A to B. If hole A is lowered into a vessel (open in the atmosphere), then the liquid from the vessel will be pumped from the bottom up according to the design principle of a centrifugal pump (there is a DRIVE). In this case, both methods (pressure gradient and centrifugal force) are involved in setting the liquid in motion.

3. If ends A and B of our pipe are connected to each other by another pipe in the form of a looped pipeline (rotating TOGETHER with pipe AB), then the mass of liquid will NOT move through the pipe, because in a looped pipeline, two opposing pressure gradients will be created, compensating and inhibiting each other. The centrifugal force in the pipe AB will not be able to move the substance because there is no freedom (no DRIVE).

4. If the specific design of the virtual experimental stand (Fig. 2) allows the pipe AB (rotor) to continue ROTATION in a Looped pipeline, but at the same time the pipe connecting the ends will be fixed STILL(let’s call this structure “stator”), then others will be created specific conditions implementation for the movement of liquid under the influence of the central circulation system, namely: as in the case of Figures 1 and 2, the mass of liquid will move radially through the pipe, rushing upward from point A to B (there is a DRIVE of the “centrifugal pump” type).

Why? Because, unlike the conditions of point No. 3, in THIS looped pipeline will NOT be created counter pressure gradients that compensate each other, because gradient there will be no pressure at all, similar to the scheme in point No. 2. In the looped pipeline of the stand a uniform pressure will be established equal to maximum pressure at point B. Why? Because, according to Pascal’s law, the liquid transmits the maximum pressure from point B uniformly throughout the closed pipeline, If The cross-sectional area of ​​the flow through the pipe and the flow speed are the same everywhere in the pipeline.

Thus, our stand began to work, firstly, as energy battery, not only the kinetic energy of rotation of the liquid mass, but also the kinetic energy of the translational flow of the liquid mass. At the same time, the flow rate produced by the operation of the centrifugal DRIVE will increase under the action of the central pump until this work is compensated by the work of hydrodynamic resistance forces in the pipes. Accordingly, the energy of the work of friction forces will be converted into thermal energy, and the stand will, secondly, also work as a heat generator.

5. If in some way in the experimental setup (Fig. 3) we additionally insert a turbine into the circuit in the STATOR section, then we will force the liquid to move in the opposite direction along the VA rotor, with a force greater than the force of centrifugal forces, because in accordance with the energy expended on the operation of this EXTERNAL drive, the Coriolis inertia forces will be self-promote rotor.

We will assume that self-unwinding The rotor is the purpose of the design of Klem’s machine. It is unlikely that this function is performed by the jet streams of the nozzles. I think that not nozzles, but injectors are needed only to cool the liquid.

6. Let's consider another design technique (besides the example with an external drive turbine) HOW force the liquid moves in the opposite direction through the pipeline. Let’s make the flow move in section VA along the rotor tube using the rotor itself in the opposite direction, i.e. opposing the operation of the DRIVE of centrifugal forces of inertia, which means with a force greater than the force of the centrifugal forces.

To do this, REPLACE part of the looped flow in the VA section of the rotor channel according to the scheme of the well-known “Archimedes screw” mechanism. It converts the rotary motion of the screw into forward motion of the fluid. It is this forward movement of the flow through the Archimedes screw that will create a reverse direction of flow throughout the entire looped pipeline, greater in magnitude and counteracting the centrifugal forces of inertia of the mass of the rotor fluid.

Instead of the AB tube, we use the AB channel, make a ROTOR, like an Archimedes screw in the form of a cone with a spiral channel, similar to a similar part in Clem’s machine. The cone-shaped screw will create a high LOCKING pressure at the tip of the cone to counteract and defeat the centrifugal force.

What did we get with this design of our speculative experimental stand? Spending energy external drive for rotor rotation, the device implements at least two physical effects:

A) Centrifugal forces of inertia are created and the work of these forces creates high pressure in the looped pipeline as a whole. I draw attention to the postulate I am promoting, namely, Effect the phenomenon of “pressure in the liquid” that arises here, as a phenomenon of the existence of stored FOR FREE energy during rotation of the fluid mass in the rotor-flywheel. Why for nothing? Because this pressure energy can be utilized in some way by the consumer for nothing, and after this, by braking the rotor, it is possible to recover all the kinetic energy of rotation of the mass accumulated by the flywheel, which was expended by the external drive when spinning the flywheel. The reference to the recovery of kinetic energy of rotation proves the free nature of the occurrence of pressure in a liquid in the field of centrifugal forces. One of the ways to use the gift of pressure energy is to rearrange the internal structure of a liquid.

B) Coriolis inertia forces are created, converting WORK and energy (for now, let’s say, from an EXTERNAL source of any drive) from the radial displacement of the fluid mass into WORK of the rotor drive into rotation and the kinetic energy of rotation of the rotor fluid mass. And also, the work of Coriolis forces is also created extra pressure, “blocking” the opposing flow created by the WORK of centrifugal forces.

7. Where to get it free energy and how to form such a countercurrent pressure to the pressure generated by centrifugal forces in order to form a decent speed of movement of the liquid mass from the periphery to the center of the rotor (from point B to point A) and, thus, “decent” Coriolis forces capable of “decently” self-promote rotor?

Pay attention to such specific parameters that will appear in the device according to Clem’s circuit when it is started (spinned up) by an external starter. Instead of the AB pipe, we used the channel of a conical screw, made according to calculations of such a shape that the pressure created by the translational movement of the flow would be “decently” b O greater than the flow pressure created by centrifugal forces. This means that in the spiral channel, in the flow from B to A, such a parameter as “high pressure” will be formed. In order to create a “decent” rotor speed due to the work of Coriolis forces, the speed of fluid flow through the channel must be high. When moving through a fluid channel at high speed, “decent” forces of hydrodynamic resistance and simple friction will arise - another acquired parameter of the fluid as a working fluid and working organ in our device.

What can such acquired parameters of a liquid give us at this stage of reasoning and speculative experiment? Taken together, they CAN create conditions for restructuring of the structure liquids .

8. We would be very happy if the liquid pushed through the channel by an Archimedes screw also expanded when heated, increasing in volume in this section of the channel! If powerful molecular forces stored by the substance came into action, and this “reactivated” energy source would help us create a “decent” flow pressure in the direction from B to A, then we could predict that after spinning up the starter to a certain rotor rotation speed , then the rotor could continue to rotate independently due to the internal energy of the liquid.

What will it be like? lean on the force of an expanding fluid acting as a DRIVE of a mass of fluid into a flow, counteracting the DRIVE with centrifugal force to redirect the flow in the opposite direction? A force can only rely on another force - the law of mechanics. The answer is this. The expanding fluid will expand towards the direction of flow VA formed by the Archimedes screw, leaning on on the force of the impulse VA from the Archimedes screw, on the force of inertia of the mass of the ALREADY previously FORMED flow by the Archimedes screw.

There are liquids that expand “decently” when heated. Clem used sunflower oil as a liquid working fluid. Hydrodynamic resistance and friction can reliably heat the liquid to a high temperature. Heating under pressure moves the temperature limit, the measure of its phase transition, boiling, further increasing the expansion volume of the superheated liquid. It can be assumed that with such parameters cavitation may occur and, perhaps, it will also contribute to an increase in pressure...

9. Accordingly, the liquid heated in one cycle (circulation) of movement in a closed system, before starting a new cycle, must be forced to cool . For example, first spraying through the nozzles, and then additionally passing through the cooling radiator. And if in the Clem motor, like a steam engine, a cyclic restructuring of the structure of a substance is initiated when it is heated and expanded, if this releases the internal energy of the liquid, which is capable of turning into mechanical energy of rotation of the rotor, then (!) No one has canceled the law of the Carnot cycle.

10. But then the question remains, where is the source of free energy, thanks to which, ultimately, expanding, the liquid rotates the rotor? My answer. The source of gift energy here is the PRESSURE created by the GIFT centrifugal forces of inertia.

Hypothesis formulation . The technical solution that ensured the functionality of the Clem motor is achieved system sequentially (“loopbacked”) implemented physical effects:

In the field of action of centrifugal forces in the channel of the Archimedes screw, free pressure arises (and Coriolis forces arise);

The mechanical work of pressure forces, flow velocity and friction in the channel heats the liquid;

The liquid heated in the channel expands and makes a O greater work of DRIVING a mass of liquid into a flow than the counteracting work of DRIVING centrifugal forces;

The work of the fluid flow to radially move the mass from the periphery to the center (path VA) by Coriolis inertia forces self-spins the Archimedes rotor-screw;

The self-rotation of the rotor forms a field of centrifugal forces and the work of the Archimedes screw, and, most importantly, the expanding fluid sets the flow through the stator channel into motion to repeat a new cycle of the looped fluid flow in the device;

The flow of liquid through the cooling radiator in the stator creates the conditions of the Carnot cycle for heat engines.

Thus, the source of energy for the operation of the Clema engine is two natural physical effects, namely: free pressure in the field of centrifugal forces in the rotor and free cooling of the liquid by the external environment in the stator. Compressing adiabatically when cooled, the liquid can form a “suction” of flow from part of the rotor channel into the stator channel, generating additional engine power.

The Klem engine system is not closed, it carries out thermodynamic and inertial exchange of energy with the environment and utilizes part of the free energy of the environment during this energy exchange.

Description of the invention
“Bogomolov Generator – Converter (GB-K)”

Definition of invention, its purpose .

The GB-K device is intended for the consumer to receive electrical energy in the form of direct current. Refers to power plants using alternative energy sources and renewable natural resources.

The design of the device is a system, a complex of two open systems, mechanical and electrical. These are open (not closed) systems connected to the environment by energy exchange and drawing energy from it, just like all other known alternative power plants, solar panels, wind turbines, hydroelectric power plants.

Since the “AK” device is an open system, its basic operating diagram does not violate the law of conservation and transformation of energy, therefore the “AK” device cannot be classified as “perpetual motion machines of the first and third kind,” theoretically impossible devices in principle!

"GB-K" is distinguished by the fact that it contains alternative energy source renewable natural resources The free energy of the physical vacuum environment is used in the form of free work of centrifugal forces of inertia, converted by the device into electrical energy.

"GB-K" is a modified "GB-1998".

Figures 1a, 1b and 1c show " pneumohydraulic centrifugal speed controller (CRS)" for GB-1998. The design of this unit, in accordance with the laws of conservation of kinetic energy of rotation and angular momentum, ensures automatic adjustment of mechanisms in technology to maintain a constant rotation speed. The prototype of the “pneumohydraulic central control system” invention is a lever “centrifugal Watt speed regulator” (Fig. 2).

The CRS (Fig. 1a, 1b and 1c) consists of a solid rotor housing with chambers for the liquid mass: a cylindrical (along the axis of rotation of the rotor) chamber and a lens-shaped chamber. An elastic cylinder filled with pressurized gas is placed inside the lens-shaped chamber. It acts as an air spring. The rest of the space is filled with heavy liquid.

In the device " Generator Bogomolov 1998 (GB-1998)"(Fig. 2b) the centrifugal speed controller (Fig. 1a, 1b and 1c) performs the main function generating free kinetic energy of rotation (mechanical energy) in the mode of cyclic acceleration and braking (author’s know-how). In the “GB” device, the TsRS as a flywheel is located on the same shaft with a reversible electric machine “motor-generator” (Fig. 2b). During cyclic operation in the acceleration stroke of the central nervous system, the electric motor generates and the flywheel accumulates the energy of the free work of centrifugal forces; during the braking stroke by the resistance of the electric generator under load, the electrical energy spent on spinning up the flywheel-CR by the electric motor recovered, and the incremental free mechanical energy of the CRS flywheel is converted into free electric power by an electrical machine (generator).

In the modified "GB" device, in the "GB-K" device The “pneumohydraulic centrifugal speed controller (CSC)” unit is structurally modified for an additional function (plus the function for generating incremental mechanical energy), namely, for its own generation of free electricity. The TsRS unit converts the flywheel’s own mechanical work into electrical potential, increases the voltage in the circuit according to the operating principle (prototype of the invention) of a known type of device: an electromechanical “converter”, a capacitive converter (transformer) (Fig. 4).

TsRS (Fig. 3a, 3b and 3c) of the GB-X device consists of a one-piece rotor body with chambers for the liquid mass: a cylindrical (along the axis of rotation of the rotor) chamber and a lens-shaped chamber. An electrically conductive liquid moves freely inside the chamber.

Figure 3a shows the CRS without a liquid working fluid. Figure 3c shows the position of the liquid electrode (green color, working fluid) at the beginning first cycle of operation of the CRS as a converter. Figure 3b shows the position of the liquid electrode (green color, working fluid) at the end second cycle of operation of the central sensing system as a converter.

The principle of operation of the prototype converter of the invention.

(See help at the end of the article)

In a typical mechanical converter low input voltageU 1U 2, while the output current and input current are the same. The output power exceeds the input electrical power. This physical transformation effect (the effect of electrostatic induction) is carried out due to the expenditure of energy from an external drive and mechanical work to move apart (move) the charged variable capacitor platesU 1at a minimum distance. When the electrodes are moved apart to the maximum distance, a higher output voltage is achievedU 2.

The design and operating principle of the TsRS VGB-2011 converter unit differs from the prototype in that:

The variable capacitor with plate electrodes has been replaced with an analogue of a Leyden jar type capacitor, which has a central rod electrode and a second plate electrode at the periphery of the vessel. The role of the Leyden jar vessel in GB-2011 is performed by the working chamber of the TsRS;

The movable solid-state electrode plate of the prototype variable capacitor was replaced in GB-2011 with an electrically conductive liquid. The liquid electrode can move freely from the central part of the working chamber to its periphery.

The operating principle of the TsRS converter in the GB-2011 (GB-K) device.

In the first measurecyclic operation of the converter, when accelerating the CRS, under the influence of the centrifugal forces of inertia in the CRS chamber, mechanical work is performed to remove voltage-chargedU 1 electrodes.

By radially moving the liquid electrode from the central rod electrode to the periphery of the chamber, like a variable capacitor, it is achieved higher output voltage U 2at the final maximum distance between the electrodes. In this position, the capacitor is discharged to the load by the amount of free electrical energy incremented in the first cycle.

At the same time, as in the GB-1998 version, in the GB-2011 modification in the first step of the acceleration of the TsRS also free mechanical energy is generated and accumulated by the inertial mass of the liquid. In the variant of the GB-1998 scheme, the mechanical energy of attraction of the mass of the liquid working fluid from the center to the periphery by the free work of centrifugal forces of inertia was accumulated by a pneumatic spring. In the variant of the GB-2011 scheme, the mechanical energy of attraction of the mass of the liquid working fluid from the center to the periphery by the free work of centrifugal forces of inertia is accumulated by work (potential electrostatic field strength) Coulomb forces of attraction of the liquid-electrode mass to the central electrode of the capacitor.

In the second measureoperation of the converter, when the CRS is slowed down, due to the free work of attraction of Coulomb forces, the liquid electrode returns to its original position of the minimum distance between the electrodes and the capacitor is again charged by an external energy source with voltageU 1.The push-pull cycle has ended, the converter is ready for the next cycle of operation.

At the same time, as in the GB-1998 version, in the GB-2011 modification also in the second stroke “braking of the flywheel by the resistance of the electric generator under load”, spent in the first stroke on spinning up the flywheel-CR by an electric motor, the electrical energy of an external current source recovered , and the mechanical energy accumulated by the mass of liquid, incremented in the first stroke converted by a reversible electric machine(electric generator) through a common shaft with the central distribution system (Fig. 4) free electricity.

In the GB-1998 circuit variant, in the second stroke, the mechanical energy accumulated by the pneumatic spring was spent on displacement work masses liquid from the periphery to the center. In the version of the GB-2011 scheme, the mechanical energy accumulated by the potential of the intensity of the Coulomb electrostatic field is also spent on the work of displacement masses liquid from the periphery to the center. In both versions of the “GB” scheme, the work of moving the mass of the liquid working fluid from the periphery to the center causes the effect of Coriolis forces along self-promotion flywheel-CDS.

In the version of the GB-2011 circuit, the mechanical energy accumulated by the tension potential of the Coulomb electrostatic field is converted into incremental kinetic energy of rotation flywheel-CR and, transmitted through a common shaft of the CR with the electric generator, the mechanical energy of rotation of the flywheel-CR is converted into free electrical energy.

Thus, the invention “GB-2011-converter” (modification “GB-1998”) generates the same amount of free mechanical rotational energy flywheel-CDS, but more efficiently accumulates it and converts it into electricity. If in GB-1998 part of the energy obtained from the free work of centrifugal forces during its utilization by a pneumatic accumulator was spent on heating the compressible gas (with the subsequent radiation of this heat into the environment), then with the accumulation of the tension potential of the electrostatic Coulomb field, the previously lost energy is now converted by the converter into EMF. Using the GB-K generator, the consumer receives the total amount of free electricity jointly generated by the reversible electrical machine and the converter.

Reference .

N.B. : In a specific GB-K design, a reversible electric machine can be replaced with a motor-generator unit that is more efficient in terms of efficiency.

A little theory about standard converters.

There are several types energy converters, using the natural effect of electrostatic induction, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through capacitance changes charged capacitor. The energy reserve of a capacitor can be calculated using a simple formula: W=Q 2/(2C). From this relationship we can conclude: if the capacitance of the capacitor C increases, and the accumulated charge Q remains unchanged (unchanged when the capacitor is disconnected from the power source), the energy stored on the capacitor increases. That is, a mechanical device operating on this principle plays a role DC generator.

Changecapacitance of the capacitor mechanically possible in different ways. From the formula of a flat capacitor [ C=eS/d] it is clear that capacitance depends on three quantities: permeability [ e] dielectric between plates, surface area of ​​one side of one plate [ S], and the distance between the plates [ d]. By changing one or more of these parameters, you can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The figure shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the device, standardmechanical DC converter, using for achieving a technical effect a natural phenomenon often used in industrial practice, physical effect "electrostatic induction».

In a typical mechanical converter low input voltageU 1converted to higher output voltageU 2, while the output current and input current are the same, and accordingly, the output power exceeds the input electrical power.

In a typical rotary converter, when one rotor electrode faces the grounded segment below, they form a capacitor charged to voltageU 1via lower moving contactb 1. When the rotor turns, the charged rotor electrode opens with the contactb 1and moves to the top position. This rotation is counteracted by the forces of gravityFrindicated in the figure. When the charged electrode touches the upper contactb 2, the charge it carries can be extracted under the influence of a higher voltage U 2, since the distance to the grounded electrode has increased and their mutual capacitance has decreased.

Power plant "Generator Bogomolov - Airlift
or water lifting device (GB-E)"

I married the idea of ​​forming gratuitous pressure ( rarefaction) centrifugal forces in the GB scheme with the idea of ​​the DA (airlift) scheme of low-cost immersion of floats to the bottom, or low-cost work compressor airlift. Here GB-E acts as a compressor.

Let’s remember the diagram of the “pneumo-hydraulic TsRS” unit (see note about GB-K)

And let us remember the diagram of the Airlift power plant (with an engine that drives liquid into the flow through a ring pipe using an Archimedean Engine (DA), where an inductance coil is wound on the pipe or an MHD generator is installed). In this scheme blower(see in Figure 2 the square “air ejection into the falling flow”) we will add “ valve box"on the principle of the TsRS unit on the "GB".

Proof of the performance of a LOW-COST compressor in the form of a GB circuit - This is the same, simple: a standard (always on sale) “motor-generator” aggregation unit in the “load braking on the generator” cycle mode completely recuperates the cost of an external supply of electricity during the acceleration cycle, in accordance with the laws of conservation of kinetic energy of rotation and angular momentum, even for a flywheel with mobile on a radius with loads. In our case, these “loads” are liquid.

Another part of the proof of the efficiency of such a MIKST project (GB-E) is that the “theorem” of off-physics is no longer true here. According to the theorem, Archimedean forces (hydrostatic pressure) in the injection stroke ( drowning) floats (air bubbles) to the bottom (to the depth of the airlift pipe), supposedly always by their counteraction work resets to zero subsequent useful work pop-up floats. And if the TsRS unit “drowns” air bubbles (floats) for nothing? After all, the electrical energy during the acceleration stroke of the flywheel is almost completely RECOVERED work pressure at depth during the braking stroke, by analogy with a spring charged by centrifugal forces!

Yes, the GB-E device with the free work of Archimedean forces in the gravitational field will be large, but cheap! Firstly, it will do for a cheap tabletop experiment. Secondly, it will come in handy for deep well, or for an offshore platform where it is necessary to pump, for example, oil. Such a water-lifting device for pumping will be very useful water with silt in wastewater treatment plants or for lifting water from rock of minerals from MINES. That is, everywhere where airlifts ALREADY operate today, but they are still COSTLY. And we give them a cost-free climb!

Even manufacturers of household submersible mini-pumps of the “Malyutka” type must become interested in the idea of ​​GB-E!

Today there are reputable manufacturers of plastic airlifts for wastewater treatment plants in Kharkov and Crimea. These are our potential partners, they are financed by city mayors. Who will negotiate with them about GB-E? I can't.

But, plus one more! When used radial Archimedean forces, option “from the centrifugal field of inertia in centrifuge" the dimensions will be acceptable even for the motor car. The figure shows a rotating platform-centrifuge, and the white triangles will be the DONATE compressors-valve boxes of the TsRS (from the GB-E scheme)

Here you can even see the thrust of the precessional inertoid! Like E. Linevich, the car may not need an electric generator, but will have a direct drive to its traction without driving wheels.

And so, the method of pairing the GB with the Airlift is essentially the transformation of the CRS unit into a bypass valve box of air with atmospheric pressure to internal deep hydrostatic pressure. The essence: in the acceleration cycle, a central sensing system is formed in the center of the chamber vacuum for nothing. According to the technical design conditions, the magnitude of the vacuum in the CRS chamber is equal to the pressure at depth in the airlift pipe and is proportional to the rotation speed of the flywheel-CRS. This is a low angular speed, technically achievable simply. The essence: TsRS GB-E operates cyclically like a centrifugal pump(in the first measure)

Figure 4a shows an empty TsRS chamber for “GB-E” with a system of liquid valves No. 2 and air valves No. 1 and 3

Figure 4b shows the “rotation acceleration” stroke of the central control system, a submersible compressor. The green arrows show the chamber being “unloaded” by centrifugal forces from water and the yellow arrow is filled with atmospheric air. The essence: TsRS GB-E operates cyclically like a centrifugal water pump (in the first stroke), and atmospheric pressure works part-time, filling the space vacated by water.

In Figure 4c, the “braking” stroke of the central control system, when outboard water of depth fills the chamber (green arrows) and the Coriolis force self-spins it (the process of RECOVERY by the generator of the electricity expended in the first stroke by the motor), and also, FOR FREE, works as in standard scheme COMPRESSOR water-lifting Airlift device, feeding a lens of air upward into the airlift pipe. (There are two principles of airlifts: either “foam” or “piston lenses”.)

This is a preliminary diagram, just a principle. Maybe, as in Figure 1, you need to leave an elastic bag-pneumatic spring... etc. An additional air bell receiver may be required. Airlift specialists will tell you this. Without specialist airlift specialists, it’s better not to take on the model yourself, the process is delicate: where is the foam, and where are the lenses... But! I guarantee the functionality of the free DRIVE of liquid into the flow! Cheap and cheerful.

Afterword to the collection of notes “Spring Products 2011”

You looked through my notes describing the new schemes I proposed this spring, supposedly over-unit devices, “perpetual motion machines of the second kind.” You can judge the possibility of real performance of these free energy generators, according to the author, capable of utilizing part of the energy redistributed by hardware from the flow of energy exchange between artificial energy system of devices and the natural energy system of the environment.

As I stated in the preface to this collection of notes, in nature all the forces we know are the result of the work of natural “machines,” the work of mechanisms built by nature according to a single universal principle. Namely, the principle of continuous exchange energy in the environment, as a way to “automatically” restore the optimal energy balance as a whole, in cases of local violation of the parameter “ energy density by volume » in radial energy density gradients of all known fields potential energy conservative strength.

In the schematic diagrams of generators that I have invented that are brought to your attention, the WORK of natural “machines” serving natural energy exchange, namely, “machines” of gravitational attraction of gravitational masses of matter and “machines” of centrifugal forces of attraction of inertial masses of matter, are used as sources of free natural energy. Fundamental scheme The devices of these “machines”, designed by nature to carry out “automatic” equalization of the energy balance of the universe system in its subsystems, are identical and universal. In the densely packed material substance of the universe (the subtle matter of the ether, the physical vacuum and the playful matter of material objects formed from this subtle matter), there are local formations consisting of matter and the force fields formed by them. It is customary to call such force fields “potential energy fields,” and these forces are “conservative forces.”

According to the author, the unity of the schemes in the design of all these natural “machines” is that their “power unit” for the manifestation and implementation of the work of forces is the initially given principle of a radial gradient of energy density and mass of a material substance by volume. In this “power unit,” called the “potential energy field,” we can mentally, in the accepted frame of reference, designate the equipotential surfaces of spheres of quantized energy density levels.

In the schemes of artificial devices proposed by the author, the interaction of their own working parts with the natural environment is carried out through SUPPORT on gradient density of matter of the environment in fields of potential energy: in the gravitational field of attraction of the mass of the environment, in the field of attraction of the mass of the environment by centrifugal forces of inertia, in the field of attraction of the mass of the environment by electrostatic Coulomb forces. These potential fields of energy are formed by PRIMARY natural forces, and they, with their “power units,” create SECONDARY natural forces, “returning” forces, in the attracted mass of the environmental substance. Through the work of restoring forces, the “automatic” alignment of the energy potential of systems is carried out, and the local flows of universal energy exchange are redistributed.

All circuits are constructed using the “AUM” algorithm proposed by the author of the “Universal Method” for constructing superunits (SE). The algorithm of the inventor’s universal method CE is the most common technique for a hardware designer organize and redistribute energy exchange flows between the environment and the device in order to utilize part of the energy of this exchange.

AUM is derived as consequence from the author’s version of the “M-Paradigm of Physics”.

AUM- organization of the invention process (by analogy with TRIZ) and the design of circuit diagrams for utilizing the energy of potential energy fields, - is formulated as follows:

If the device cyclically uses two forms of potential energy of conservative forces, the work of which has the opposite direction of action of the vectors, then at a LOW COST, by periodically turning off (weakening) the action of the force field of the one form of energy and including (strengthening) the action of the force field of another form of energy, it is possible (!) in time and space to form positive difference power of action of these to force this power difference, i.e. obtain useful power for the consumer of free energy. This is achieved by the inventor by selecting known physical effects.

The use of AUM, the most general technique for constructing CE devices, requires creative efforts from the author in each specific circuit. Along with the most general technique, it requires the luck of creative insight, the author's discovery of low-cost disabling (weakening) the action of one of the natural counteracting forces in the device.

So in the invention “EMGDG” (RF patent No. 2396681), the operating principle of which, incl. discussed in the first note “What else...”, low-cost the method of “sinking” the floats (weakening Archimedean forces) is found in the physical effect: “The magnitude of the force of gravity on the control mass changes during its vertical movement along with its reference system.”

The same is true for the EMGDG version in the field of centrifugal forces, where “the magnitude of the force of action of centrifugal forces on the control mass changes during its radial movement along with its reference frame.”

The same discovery is used in the “steam Archimedean engine-airlift” scheme and in the “GB-E” scheme.

In the Arsentiev vortex water jet for the Archimedean steam engine, another method of increasing power due to the work of hydrostatic pressure forces was discovered. The design technique was found in the use of the physical effect of adiabatic compression of the liquid when it is cooled (the “implosion” technique of W. Schauberger).

In the hypothesis about the operating principle of the Clem motor low-cost the action of centrifugal forces is weakened cyclically by the technical method of using the Carnot thermal cycle, which is achieved through the cyclical use of the internal energy of the adiabatic expansion of the liquid and its cooling by the external environment.

In devices of the Bogomolov Generator family, GB-1998, GB-K, GB-E low-cost the method of disabling the action of centrifugal forces to generate free kinetic energy of rotation (mechanical energy) is achieved by establishing a mode of cyclic acceleration and braking of the TsRS flywheel unit. At the same time, in GB-1998 a metal spring serves as an accumulator of incremental energy, in GB-K - the electrostatic potential of Coulomb forces, and in GB-This function is performed by deep hydrostatic pressure - these are also design techniques for weakening (disabling) the action of one of the two counteracting forces.

I would really like to sum it up with the words “what needed to be proven!”, but, unfortunately, without working models of the invented devices, all these “prefaces” and “afterwords” remain so far “vain talk.”

Winter has passed, summer has come, thanks to the party for this!

“...According to Bernoulli’s law, lower pressure in a flow is observed where its speed is higher at the same height above the Earth. A jet pump operates on this property (Fig. 1), with which you can create a deep vacuum in a container or spray liquid.

An example of a jet pump is a spray bottle that was used by hairdressers in the USSR to spray clients with Chypre or Red Moscow cologne. And even now this simple technique works great. The liquid is sucked into the spray bottle by air. A technical atomizer can be called a carburetor of piston internal combustion engines, in which the fuel is broken up (sprayed) into a mass of small droplets and, mixed with air, enters the cylinder. But there are pumps in which the flow of liquid sucks in air (and thus creates a vacuum). But nothing prevents liquid flows from sucking in liquid, as well as gas flows from sucking in gas. And thus, we get a device with the help of which, using a flow with a small mass, we get the opportunity to create and control a flow of a larger mass.

This is how we approached the consideration of Nikolai Shesterenko’s invention. The author himself explained the essence of his invention in sufficient detail (see list of sources). Therefore, first, let’s look at the operation of its nozzle (Fig. 2).

Fig.2. Shesterenko nozzle.

The scheme is very simple. Shesterenko took and hermetically connected two Laval nozzles, selecting the parameters so that when air is ejected into the left nozzle, a noticeable increase in the power of the total flow appears at the exit of the right nozzle. Shesterenko himself explains the operating principle of his installation very simply. The air pumped into the left nozzle entrains the surrounding air and the mixture gradually accelerates from section 6 to section 3. Then, in section 8, the mixture breaks away from the walls of the nozzle and in the form of a cylindrical flow rushes to the walls of the right nozzle, where it gradually accelerates again to section 4 and beyond exiting into the expanding part of the right nozzle, the flow has not only a large mass, but also a supersonic speed. And the question immediately arises, due to what gifts from Nature is it possible to obtain such a significant increase in power?

There are two reasons, and perhaps three or four. This is, firstly, the capture by the initial flow of a significant additional mass of air for the simple reason that the flow, having from the very beginning a noticeable speed according to Bernoulli’s law, also has a pressure inside itself lower than in the surrounding air. Therefore, the surrounding air, rushing into the low pressure zone, joins the original air flow and all this mass flies into the left Laval nozzle.

Secondly, zone 11 appears inside the connected Laval nozzles, in which the pressure level is lower than outside the Shesterenko nozzle. This zone of low pressure, or more simply put, vacuum, vacuum pressure, which finds itself in a kind of trap, due to the design of the nozzle and due to the constantly moving air flow from left to right, not only is not destroyed, but, on the contrary, is constantly renewed by the air flow. And it increases thrust, sucking in additional volumes of air from the atmosphere. This effect is akin to increased draft as the fire intensifies. The hotter it burns, the stronger the thrust drives new portions of oxygen to the source of the fire.

Moreover, thirdly, the air flow, interacting with the air in the vacuumized zone, forms a rotating torus-shaped vortex around itself in the vacuum zone. And this further stabilizes the air flow inside the nozzle.

And, most likely, fourthly, this vortex begins to pulsate, changing both its size and the level of pressure inside itself. This means that in relation to the air flow along the axis of the nozzle, such a toroidal vacuum vortex plays the role of a kind of piston, pushing the air flow from the left nozzle to the right. Those. a kind of pear is created, pumping air from the left hole of the nozzle to the right.

The listed factors force us to look at the mechanism of power increase in the Shesterenko nozzle from a slightly different perspective than was done before. First, a vacuum does not create any energy. The vacuum creates (controls) the conditions for the appearance of additional force, which is formed due to the pressure difference both between the vacuum zone and the external air environment, as well as between the air flow inside the nozzle and the vacuum zone. And since the ejection of the flow inside the nozzle can create a very deep vacuum around itself, and also maintain it, the forces sucking air into the nozzle and driving it from inlet to outlet can reach very large values. The ratio of sections in the Laval nozzles are chosen such that there is no resistance to the air flow in the nozzle, and the air pressure in the inlet section is lower than the pressure at the outlet, which forces outside air to enter the nozzle only through the left nozzle. Since the nozzle, after its launch, constantly creates an imbalance in pressure between the surrounding air and the air flow inside the nozzle, all conditions arise for the self-sustaining air flow. And such a “perpetual motion machine” does not work in violation of the EHT, but in full accordance with it, since part of the “energy” coming in the form of air flow (and heat with it) is spent by the system (nozzles) on its “own” needs, like This is done at a hydroelectric power station or thermal power plant. Simply put, the energy supplier for this process is the atmosphere, which acts as a capacitor for the sun's energy. And everyone knows what happens when you try to touch the terminals of a charged electrical capacitor. Likewise, in the atmosphere, after creating a kind of air conductor, the possibility arises of partial “discharge” of the atmosphere through Shesterenko’s nozzles.

So that no one has any doubts about the possibility of using static atmospheric pressure, let's consider this example. Let's create a column of bricks, let there be 100 bricks in it. Now let’s hit the lowest brick with a hammer so that it, jumping out of the column, does not collapse it. This is possible if the blow is sharp, and due to inertia the rest of the bricks will not even feel the blow. How much force do you need to use for this? Since the bottom brick rests on the ground with one surface, and the second brick presses on the second, then without much error we can accept that this force should be equal to twice the friction force. And the friction force, in turn, is equal to the gravity force of 99 bricks on the upper plane of the last 100 brick on the bottom, multiplied by the sliding friction coefficient. Let's take the maximum weight of the column. Let's take the friction coefficient to be 0.15. Let's double it - we get 0.3. This means that in order for a column of bricks to do work equal to the product of the weight of this column and the height of one brick, it is necessary to do work equal to twice the friction force per length of the brick. If we take the height of the brick to be large and the length to be small, and also take all measures to reduce the coefficient of friction, then we can ensure that the work of knocking out a brick will be less than the work that a pillar of bricks will do, “sagging” to the height of one brick . And if, at the expense of Nature, we ensure that the knocked-out brick is returned to the very top of the pillar of bricks, then we can get a device for energy generation. But at first it seemed that there was no benefit from a brick pillar, just expenses.

Well, now let’s imagine, instead of a column of bricks, air or water, in which the coefficient of friction between the layers is very small, and that the molecules of air or water, due to their energy “filling” from the Sun, can rise to a great height, then we get a simple conclusion. To make the atmosphere work, we need to find a way to remove portions of air (or portions of water at a certain depth) from the surface of the earth while simultaneously catching an air column (water flow) falling towards the Earth, which will seem to us like an air (water) flow due to its fluidity. But such a mechanism will only work in the presence of gravity, and on Earth we always have it at hand.

On the other hand, there is an analogy between the operation of the Shesterenko nozzle and the operation of the Marukhin-Kutyenkov underwater hydraulic ram. Only the narrow sections of both Laval nozzles act as valves, and as an analogue of the air bubble of a hydraulic ram, a vacuumized toroidal pulsating vortex acts, sucking the air flow through the left nozzle and pushing the air flow in a given direction from left to right into the right nozzle.

Now a few thoughts on improving the Shesterenko nozzle. Firstly, the vacuum volume can be increased if a smoother profile is used instead of a cone, or an ellipsoid of rotation is inserted between the nozzles. Then, as the air flow forms between sections 3 and 4, a toroidal vacuum zone will gradually begin to form around it, the size of which will determine the thrust of the nozzle. This means that in this way you can easily increase the power of the nozzle without much expense (Fig. 3). The attachment in this case will resemble a vase, to which Shesterenko, as an artist, has a direct connection. And it was not with the help of such pipes that the Israelis destroyed one of the cities of Palestine - Jericho? The guys blew into them once, and the walls collapsed from the powerful, endless flow of air...

Fig.3. Improved Shesterenko nozzle.

Secondly, it seems to me that it is advisable to polish the inner surface of the nozzle so that the air, when moving, does not experience additional resistance from contact with the walls, and the toroidal vortex will consume less energy to maintain its rotation.

Using several nozzles installed in series one after another, it is possible to obtain at the output of such a cascade power amplifier from the last nozzle an air flow of any power, the energy for the operation of which and the energy of the air flows will be supplied by the atmosphere with its boundless oceans of energy, and its pressure will be supported by the Sun , as a source of light (heat), and the Earth, as a source of gravity, which is what it has been doing for many billions of years. To start such a system, it will be enough to simply blow into the input nozzle of the first, lowest-power nozzle, and the system will immediately start working and in a few minutes will reach a flow power of several MW or more. After all, no one is surprised by the ability of a vertically placed pipe to form and accumulate air flows near the surface of the Earth and direct them upward, where an installed turbine and electric generator make it possible to convert the “energy” of the summed and accelerated air flow into a life-giving electric current. But Archimedes’ forces and the pressure difference between the base and top of the pipe work there. There is no significant vacuum there. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain greater power there. We have to build pipes several hundred meters high. And Shesterenko’s nozzles make it possible, due to dynamically formed toroidal vacuum vortices, to significantly reduce the size of the power generating installation.”

(Vlasov V.N. About jet gas energy technologies)

The works of W. Schauberger especially emphasize the role of implosive technology - a locally discharged environment for producing environmentally friendly energy, in contrast to the only one in our time, explosive, explosive, polluting the biosphere. He writes: “These processes open the way for us to create a fuel-free vehicle that moves silently through the air. Due to the functioning of the machine, a physical vacuum arises, that is, the airless space in front of its surface, sucks in air..., pushing, reversing, piston-like columns of air are themselves fuel. Once subjected to chemical decomposition, this fuel provokes the formation of a physical backflow. Thanks to it, a suction force arises.”

In relation to the device I invented, it should be noted that in addition to the previously discussed effect of power increment in Shesterenko’s nozzles, the effect of suction of water-air masses rushing from the center to the periphery, which increases in a quadratic dependence due to centrifugal forces, is added.

Rice. 4 Shesterenko super attachments in 3D design.

Areas of application of the “Centrifugal-vortex” device

1. Water desalination

Mangrove trees... The roots of these trees, forming powerful impenetrable thickets on the shores of seas and oceans, are immersed in salt water. However, fresh water is already moving along the trunks, branches and leaves. This is an example of low-cost natural desalination, the principle of which is embedded and operates in our “ centrifugal-vortex potty."

The created device, using the rotation of a specially shaped rotor (Fig. 4), creates very intense vortex fluid flows with little energy consumption. This is achieved by the fact that vortex generation occurs using centrifugal vortex spin-up of fluid flows (which is significantly different from low-cost methods of vortex generation using various rotations created by compressor pressure, or, for example, using a Ranque tube, etc. ). In addition, the declared efficiency of the device is achieved by using an effect discovered by Nikolai Shesterenko (a super nozzle that accelerates flows to supersonic speeds). At the same time, the centrifugal vortex flow is used to annihilate aero- or hydrodynamic resistance during the movement of the vortex, when the resistance of the boundary layers approaches zero, and, in our case, becomes negative, largely due to the formation of numerous self-sustaining microvortices - known in hydrodynamics as Benard vortices.

The average salinity on the surface of the World Ocean is 34.84%. In the Pacific Ocean it is 34.56, in the Indian Ocean - 34.68, and in the Atlantic, the saltiest, - 35.30%. The average salinity of the water column of the World Ocean (without the Arctic basin) is 34.71%. According to this indicator, the Atlantic Ocean is also the saltiest (34.87%).

Those. for experiments we will take 35 g of salt per kilogram of water or 35 kg per 1 cubic meter of water.

In Crimea, imported water during dry periods soars to 90 hryvnia, a desalination plant gives a cost of 13.56 UAH. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3do3lkP7EZI (the data has already lost currency relevance, but is not relevant in principle)

2. Production of hydrocarbon fuel (Krasnov Fuel) Supercritical water is the active medium of new environmentally friendly technologies

In recent years, abroad, mainly in the USA and Japan, there has been a sharp expansion of fundamental and applied work on the use of supercritical water for the processing of low-grade energy raw materials, toxic substances, industrial and household waste. The development of the supercritical aqueous oxidation (SCAO) method is supported by strong financial support from both private companies and governments. This year, under the leadership of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor A. Vostrikov from the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, an integration program “Study of the fundamental properties of supercritical fluids based on water as active natural and technological media” was formed, which united the efforts of scientists from several institutes SB RAS: Thermophysics, Catalysis, Mineralogy and Petrography, Hydrodynamics and Novosibirsk State University. Our interview with the head of the molecular beam research laboratory, Professor A. Vostrikov, tells us about the current situation with the practical use of the SCWO method and the fundamental problems associated with it.

The previous paragraph is about cold nuclear fusion. In the earth's crust, all minerals are formed using a similar “technology”. In water moving in a special way (like in a tornado), the described processes occur.

Using the device as a reactor for the production of fuel based on diesel (and other hydrocarbon) fuel and water, the original diesel fuel is purified from sulfur and paraffins. The purification method is based on the destruction of high-molecular bonds between long hydrocarbon chains due to turbulization and supersonic vibrations.

Owners of patent RU 2364969:

The invention relates to the physics of magnetism, to the production of a unidirectional pulsating vortex magnetic field that creates a magnetic field pulling in a circle in relation to a ferromagnetic body moving in it. A method of creating a vortex magnetic field along a certain circle, equivalent to the rotation of the magnetic field, is that several permanent magnets are symmetrically positioned relative to the circle. The longitudinal magnetic axes of the permanent magnets are aligned with the tangents to the specified circle at points located symmetrically on this circle. The number n of permanent magnets is found from the condition 2π/n≤ΔΘ, where the angle ΔΘ=arccos, the parameter γ=d/R, and d is the distance from the intersection points of the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets with their pole planes to the specified circle of radius R. The force function of permanent magnets magnets D and the parameter γ are chosen so that the braking torque created by the previous magnet is partially or completely compensated by the accelerating torque of the subsequent magnet in the direction of the vortex magnetic field. Value D=µ 0 µνS 2 H 0   2 /8π 2 R 5, where µ 0 =1.256.10 -6 H/m is the absolute magnetic permeability of vacuum, µ is the relative magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic body of volume ν, which interacts with a magnetic field whose strength equal to H 0 in the plane of the poles of permanent magnets with a cross section of their poles S. The technical result consists in obtaining rotational motion of a ferromagnetic body, that is, in obtaining mechanical (electrical) energy from a static magneto-periodic structure. 6 ill.

The invention relates to the physics of magnetism, in particular to methods for obtaining a magnetic field configuration in the form of a unidirectionally pulsating vortex field that creates a magnetic field pulling in a circle in relation to a ferromagnetic body (eccentric) moving in it.

It is known that the magnetic field strength along the longitudinal axis of a magnet is twice as strong as in directions orthogonal to the longitudinal magnetic axis. The distribution of magnetic field strength within a sphere, the center of which coincides with the point of intersection of the plane of the magnetic poles of a horseshoe magnet with the longitudinal magnetic axis, is specified by the directional pattern, for example, in the form of a body of rotation relative to the longitudinal magnetic axis with a cardioid contour given by the expression:

where α is the angle of deviation of the radius vector to an arbitrary point on the sphere from the direction coinciding with the longitudinal magnetic axis. So, for α=0 we have ξ(0)=1, for α=π/2 we get ξ(π/2)=0.5, which corresponds to the known physical data. For a horseshoe magnet at α=π the value ξ(π)=0. For a straight magnet, the directional pattern is represented by an ellipsoid of rotation, the major semi-axis of which is twice as large as its minor semi-axis and coincides with the longitudinal magnetic axis.

It is known that the torque imparted to the rotor of a synchronous or asynchronous AC motor from its stator arises as a result of a rotating magnetic field, the vector of which rotates relative to the rotor axis as a function of time. In this case, such a magnetic field determines the dynamic process of its interaction with the rotor.

There are no known methods for creating a vortex magnetic field by synthesizing static magnetic fields created by any set of stationary permanent magnets. Therefore, analogues to the claimed technical solution are unknown.

The purpose of the invention is a method for creating a vortex magnetic field in which a ferromagnetic body experiences the action of a unidirectional pulsating force that brings such a body into rotational motion, that is, obtaining such a static configuration of the magnetic field (from stationary permanent magnets) that is equivalent in effect to a rotating magnetic field .

This goal is achieved in the claimed method of creating a vortex magnetic field, which consists in the fact that several permanent magnets are symmetrically positioned relative to a circle, the longitudinal magnetic axes of the permanent magnets are combined with tangents to the specified circle at points located symmetrically on this circle, and the number n of permanent magnets is found from the condition 2π/n≤ΔΘ, where the angle ΔΘ=arccos, the parameter γ=d/R, and d is the distance from the intersection points of the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets with their pole planes to the specified circle of radius R, the force function of permanent magnets D and the parameter γ is chosen so that the braking moment created by the previous magnet is partially or fully compensated by the accelerating moment of the subsequent magnet in the direction of the vortex magnetic field, and the value D = µ 0 µνS 2 N 0   2 /8π 2 R 5, where µ 0 = 1,256.10 -6 H /m is the absolute magnetic permeability of vacuum, µ is the relative magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic body with volume ν, which interacts with a magnetic field whose strength is equal to H 0 in the plane of the poles of permanent magnets with a cross section of their poles S.

Achieving the purpose of the invention in the claimed method is explained by the implementation of a periodic structure of magnetic fields around a certain circle with the direction of the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets of the same sign tangent to this circle, in which the vortex magnetic field arises due to the difference in magnetic field strength along and across the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets, determined by the directional pattern of the magnetic field strength ξ(α) according to (1). This ensures that the angular momentum in the direction of the vortex magnetic field imparted to the ferromagnetic body exceeds the angular momentum in the opposite direction.

The structure of the device that implements the proposed method is shown in Fig.1. Possible options for the movement of a ferromagnetic body in the magnetic field of one of n permanent magnets are presented in Fig. 2 for different values ​​of loads and friction on the axis of rotation of the eccentric with the ferromagnetic body. Figure 3 shows graphs of the forces acting from n permanent magnets driving the ferromagnetic body of the eccentric, taking into account their distribution over the angle of rotation of the eccentric within the circle. Figure 4 shows a graph of the accumulation of the eccentric force impulse from the action of all n permanent magnets for each full revolution without taking into account the friction moment and the attached load, expressed as an average torque constantly acting in the eccentric. Figure 5 shows power graphs - from the torque created by the vortex magnetic field, and from the moment of losses - as a function of the eccentric rotation speed. Figure 6 shows a diagram of a modified device that provides a significant reduction in friction losses in the axis of rotation due to the dynamic balance of the rotating rotor, instead of an eccentric.

In Fig. 1, the device implementing the method consists of:

1 - ferromagnetic body of mass m, volume ν with relative magnetic permeability µ,

2 - levers with length R securing the ferromagnetic body of the eccentric,

3 - eccentric rotation axis,

4-15 - permanent magnets installed equally inclined to a circle of radius R and one of the poles facing it (for example, the south poles s), the point of intersection of the plane with the longitudinal magnetic axis is removed from the specified circle (rotation path of the ferromagnetic body 1) at a distance d .

The ferromagnetic body 1 with the lever 2 is shown in Fig. 1 in the angular position β relative to the X axis. The axis of rotation of the eccentric is placed at point O, point A lies on the pole of the permanent magnet 5, the longitudinal magnetic axis of the permanent magnet 5 is aligned with the tangent AB to the circle at the point B. In the presented circuit, 12 permanent magnets of the same parameter D and identically inclined are used, symmetrically located relative to the indicated circle through angles ΔΘ=2π/12=30°.

Figure 2 shows graphs of the movement of a ferromagnetic body 1 relative to one of the permanent magnets 4-15 at various moments of friction and attached load in the axis of rotation 3, giving a qualitative idea of ​​the interaction processes.

The upper graph shows the load on the axis of rotation is very small (the process is damped oscillatory with the maximum initial distance of the ferromagnetic body from the magnet pole, the final deviation in the position of the ferromagnetic body is practically zero).

The middle graph - the load on the axis of rotation is large (the process is aperiodic, damped, with a minimum initial distance of the ferromagnetic body from the magnet pole, the final deviation is positive, not reaching the position of the magnet pole).

The lower graph shows the load on the axis of rotation is optimal (the process is oscillatory and aperiodic, damped with one half-cycle of oscillation at a greater initial distance of the ferromagnetic body from the magnet pole than for the middle graph, the final deviation is negative, passing the position of the permanent magnet pole).

Figure 3 shows twelve graphs of the forces driving the eccentric, symmetrically distributed around the circumference, in the corresponding angular intervals of dimensions ΔΘ. It can be seen that the maxima of these functions are significantly greater than the absolute value of their minima, which is associated with the configuration of the directivity pattern ξ(α) of horseshoe-shaped permanent magnets (in Fig. 1, for ease of drawing, rectangular-shaped permanent magnets are shown). This, in particular, allows, with the appropriate choice of the number n of permanent magnets, the choice of parameter γ and the value of D, which determines the magnetic field strength H 0 in the plane of the magnet poles, to provide partial or complete compensation of the braking forces of the previous permanent magnet by acceleration forces from the subsequent eccentric in the direction of rotation permanent magnet.

Figure 4 shows a graph of the combined action of all permanent magnets used in the device, resulting in an average torque constantly acting in the eccentric.

Figure 5 shows two graphs - a graph of the useful power generated in the eccentric, and a graph of the power expended to overcome friction and the attached load - as a function of the speed of rotation of the eccentric. The intersection point of these graphs determines the value of the steady-state rotation speed in the device. As the load increases, the power loss curve rises at a large angle relative to the x-axis, which corresponds to a shift of the indicated intersection point of the power graphs to the left, that is, it leads to a decrease in the steady-state value N of the eccentric rotation speed.

Figure 6 shows one of the possible implementation schemes of the device, in which the rotor is made in the form of a dynamically balanced structure, for example, based on three ferromagnetic bodies located at angles of 120° at equal distances R from the axis of rotation and having the same masses, which does not create when the rotor rotates, there is a vibration load on the axis of rotation, as in the case of the eccentric in Fig. 1, due to the action of centripetal forces (the latter in such a rotor balance each other). In addition, an increase in the number of ferromagnetic bodies leads to an increase in the useful power in the device in proportion to the number of such ferromagnetic bodies. The number of permanent magnets used in this drawing has been reduced to simplify the drawing. In fact, this number is chosen according to the formula n=hp+1, where h is the number of ferromagnetic bodies in the rotor, p=0, 1, 2, 3, ... is an integer, which will become clear from the following description.

Let us consider the operational essence of the proposed method by considering the action of the device that implements it, shown in Fig.1.

Taking into account the shape of the directional diagram ξ(α) of the magnetic field strength Н(α), it can be understood that at equal distances from the point of intersection of the AO line with a circle of radius R to this point and after it, the magnetic field strength will be different, namely: to this point as the ferromagnetic body rotates, the magnetic field strength is higher than after this point. Consequently, the attractive force of the magnet in question will be greater than the braking force, as can be seen from Fig. 3 for each of the n permanent magnets. This leads to the accumulation of angular momentum during rotation of the eccentric and the transmission of rotational motion to the latter indefinitely, if the resulting torque (Fig. 4) exceeds the friction moment (and the attached load).

Let us consider, in particular, the interaction of the ferromagnetic body 1 with a permanent magnet 5 (Fig. 1). This permanent magnet is located so that its longitudinal magnetic axis coincides with the tangent AB to a circle of radius R at point B. Point A is located on the plane of the magnetic pole and is the point of intersection of this plane with the longitudinal magnetic axis AB. Distance OA=R+d, that is, point A is located at a distance d from a given circle, as indicated for permanent magnet 7. Having denoted the ratio γ=d/R through the dimensionless parameter γ, the value of the segment AB is found from the expression r 0 =AB= R(2γ+γ 2) 1/2. The angle ΔΘ=2π/n determines the angular interval in the arrangement of permanent magnets symmetrically relative to a given circle, and the angular position of the corresponding permanent magnet, measured from the X-axis of the coordinate system, is equal to Θ i =2πi/n, where i=1, 2, 3, ... 12. The instantaneous angular position of the ferromagnetic body 1 with lever 2 will be denoted by β, and the angular position of point B on the circle relative to the X axis will be denoted by β 0i (for permanent magnet 5, point B is on the X axis, so the angle β 01 = 0). For permanent magnet 6 angle β 02 =ΔΘ, for permanent magnet 7 β 03 =2ΔΘ, etc., and for permanent magnet 4 β 012 =11ΔΘ. Angles β 0i and Θ i are related to each other by a constant difference Θ i -β 0i =arccos. Using simple transformations, the distance from the center of the ferromagnetic body to point A on the pole of permanent magnet 5 (in the general case for the i-th permanent magnet) is found from the expression:

for the range 0≤β≤2π. For a permanent magnet 5, the value of Θ 1 is selected equal to ΔΘ. The angle α between the longitudinal magnetic axis AB of the permanent magnet 5 and the line between the center of the ferromagnetic body 1 and point A is found from the expression:

by taking the inverse trigonometric function α=arcos Q. Note that in Fig. 1 the angle α>π/2, that is, the ferromagnetic body is in the braking magnetic field of a permanent magnet 5 and in the accelerating magnetic field of a permanent magnet 6.

Substituting the value of α found from (3) into expression (1), we obtain the following relation for the diagram ξ(α):

The magnetic field strength at the location of the ferromagnetic body relative to the magnetic pole is determined by the distance r(β) according to (2) and is equal, taking into account (4):

and the force of attraction F M (β) of a ferromagnetic body by a permanent magnet is defined as:

where D=µ 0 µνS 2 Н 0   2 /8π 2 R 5 , as stated above.

The magnetic force vector F M (β), projected orthogonal to the eccentric lever, determines the magnetic driving force of the eccentric F M DV (β), which is defined as:

and which determines the torque M(β)=F M DV (β)R, the average value of which is M CP, determined by integrating over the interval 0≤β≤2π forces F M DV (β) for all n permanent magnets, the type of which is shown in Fig.3 is presented in Fig.4 without taking into account the friction moment and the moment of the attached load.

Net power P BP = M SR ω, where ω is the angular speed of rotation of the eccentric; its graph is shown as an inclined line in Fig.5. As is known, the friction force (attached load) is proportional to the speed of rotation of the eccentric, therefore the power loss is represented by a parabolic curve in Fig.5. The eccentric rotation speed N=ω/2π [rpm] increases to the value N UST, at which the useful power and the power losses due to friction and the attached load are equal to each other. This is graphically reflected in Fig. 5 by the point of intersection of the inclined line with the parabola. Consequently, in idle mode (that is, under the influence of only friction in the axis of rotation), the angular speed of the eccentric is maximum and decreases when an external load is attached to the axis of rotation, as is typical, for example, for DC motors with series switching.

The operation of the device that implements the proposed method is based on the organization of a magneto-periodic structure with the orientation of the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets (or electromagnets) from the same poles along tangents to the circle, which is the trajectory of the rotational movement of the ferromagnetic body, while the vortex magnetic field pulling the ferromagnetic body around the circle in one direction, arises due to the excess of the magnetic field strength in the direction of the longitudinal magnetic axis in relation to other angular directions, which is determined by the directional pattern ξ(α) according to expressions (1) and (4).

To understand the processes of formation of a vortex magnetic field adequate to a rotating magnetic field in such a purely static structure, it is necessary to show that an inclined permanent magnet can set a ferromagnetic body in motion so that, depending on the magnitude of the friction force acting on the ferromagnetic body, it will be driven either into an oscillatory damped motion with its stopping near the pole of a permanent magnet with practically zero displacement of one sign or another relative to point A of the permanent magnet (as for magnet 5 in Fig. 1), or it will be stopped before or after the line AO, as is represented on the middle and the bottom diagrams in Fig.2. With a significant amount of friction, the ferromagnetic body will stop before reaching the line AO ​​(positive residual displacement). This circumstance is easily explained by the fact that the driving eccentric force, according to expression (7), is proportional to cos(α+β-β 0i), the argument of which, when the ferromagnetic body is located exactly opposite point A, is equal to π/2, since β=β 0i and α=π /2, that is, when the center of the ferromagnetic body exactly coincides with the line AO, the driving magnetic force F M DV (β) is equal to zero, and the ferromagnetic body, in the presence of friction, can never take a position on the line AO, not counting the factor of its movement by inertia. This is shown in the middle diagram of Figure 2. If the friction is chosen optimal, the ferromagnetic body is attracted by the permanent magnet more intensely than it is inhibited by it, therefore the center of the ferromagnetic body will cross the AO line by inertia, as in a damped oscillatory mode with low friction, and will stop behind the AO line (negative residual displacement), as indicated in bottom diagram of Fig.2.

These considerations were based on the fact that the ferromagnetic body was at rest or with negligibly slow rotation. Therefore, with very little friction (in modern bearings the friction coefficient can be ≥0.0005), the distance between the magnet pole and the ferromagnetic body, at which the magnet begins to set the ferromagnetic body in motion, is quite large (in Fig. 2 for the top diagram this distance equal to one in relative values). With high friction, the specified distance is minimal (in the middle diagram of Fig. 2 it is equal to 0.25), and with optimal friction this distance is greater than the specified minimum, but less than the maximum (in the lower diagram of Fig. 2 it is equal to 0.75). The latter means that with such optimal friction, the ferromagnetic body receives sufficient acceleration and, by inertia, passes the AO line, as in oscillatory motion with low friction, but after completing a half-cycle of oscillations it stops, significantly short of reaching the AO line. In this case, the ferromagnetic body would stop and continue to remain at rest if the accelerating magnetic field of the next permanent magnet 6 (Fig. 1) did not act on it. Since putting the device into operation presupposes a one-time communication of an external angular momentum to the eccentric, that is, forcing it into rotational motion, then in the case of optimal friction the eccentric moves by inertia, each time receiving from the side of the sequence of permanent magnets unidirectionally acting (in the integral interpretation) angular momentum, which maintains the movement of the eccentric indefinitely in the resulting vortex magnetic field.

Thus, once behind the AO line, the ferromagnetic body experiences the attraction of the next permanent magnet 6 in the direction of rotation and continues its movement towards it, and then towards the permanent magnet 7, etc. round. The permanent magnet system is designed in such a way that the braking magnetic field of the previous permanent magnet is partially or completely suppressed by the accelerating magnetic field of the next permanent magnet. This is achieved by choosing the number n of permanent magnets and the constant parameter γ, as well as the design of the permanent magnets, determined by the constant D. In Fig. 3, the magnetic driving forces F M DV (β) are distributed over the angle range 2π so that there is no complete compensation of the braking forces by the acceleration forces , although the maximums of the latter are approximately three times greater than the modules of the minimums of braking (and not twice, which indicates that the indicated compensation is partial). If you increase the number n of permanent magnets, for example, by increasing the radius R or reducing the gap d (that is, decreasing γ), you can significantly weaken the influence of the braking factor and increase the useful power of the device.

When a ferromagnetic body moves relative to a group of permanent magnets, the rotational state is fed with rotational pulses of the same sign from a sequence of permanent magnets located along a closed path (circle), which leads to continuous rotational motion of the ferromagnetic body. As noted above, the device is put into operation by a single external influence with a given initial angular velocity. From a stationary state, the device cannot switch to a rotational motion mode spontaneously, which characterizes this device as a generator with a rigid self-excitation mode.

Corresponding calculation of a device of twelve permanent magnets (n=12) with a cross section of their poles S=8.5.10 -4 m 2, a ferromagnetic body with a mass of m=0.8 kg, body volume ν=10 -4 m 3 and with relative magnetic permeability µ=2200, with a lever length R=0.2 m and a gap d=0.03 m (γ=0.15) was made using the Microsoft Excel program when selecting permanent magnets with a magnetic field strength at the poles H 0 =1 kA/m for the value D=10 -4 n. The results of these calculations are presented in the graphs of Figs. 3, 4 and 5 in a quantitative manner.

The disadvantage of a device with an eccentric rotor is the presence of significant vibration. To eliminate it, dynamically balanced rotors made of several (h) symmetrically located ferromagnetic bodies should be used, as shown schematically in Fig. 6. In addition, this leads to an h-fold increase in the output (useful) power of the device. Previously, a reference was made to the fact that the number of permanent magnets n in such a device should be equal to n=рh+1. So, when h=3, the number n can be equal to the numbers n=4, 7, 10, 13, 16, etc. This allows you to significantly reduce vibrations from the force impulses received by the rotor. In addition, inductors can be made inside ferromagnetic bodies, in which emfs are induced. due to periodic magnetization and demagnetization of ferromagnetic bodies as they move relative to the magnetic system. The interesting thing is that these emfs. have an oscillation frequency f=Nn and are shifted in oscillation phases from each other by 120°, as in a three-phase generator. This can be used in low-current power engineering as a module generating three-phase alternating current with increased frequency (with a frequency of 400...1000 Hz), for example, to power gyroscopes in autonomous space flight. Three-phase current is output from the inductors of ferromagnetic bodies using insulated ring electrodes equipped with contact brushes.

Finally, it should be noted that with an increase in the number n of permanent magnets so that ΔΘ>2π/n, as indicated in the claims (in Fig. 1 ΔΘ=2π/n), with a corresponding increase in the parameter γ, the length of the segment r 0 increases and the attraction zones of the ferromagnetic body overlap with adjacent permanent magnets, which makes it possible to neutralize the effect of the braking zones and increase the power of the device.

The phenomenon of obtaining a vortex magnetic field from a static device and without losing the magnetic properties of the permanent magnets used conflicts with existing ideas about the impossibility of creating a “perpetum mobile”, therefore theoretical physicists dealing with the problems of magnetism will need to find an explanation for this phenomenon. Similar phenomena were established by the author when studying the movement of ferromagnetic rings in periodic magnetic structures with saturating magnetic fields using the known property of magnetic viscosity of ferromagnets, as well as the property of reducing the relative magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic materials in saturating magnetic fields (A.G. Stoletov curve, 1872) .

Approbation of a device implementing the proposed method should be entrusted to MEPhI (Moscow) or the Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, associated with applied issues of magnetism and energy. Patenting of inventions in major developed countries should be encouraged.

Literature

1. Ebert G., A Brief Guide to Physics, trans. with German, ed. K.P.Yakovleva, ed. 2nd, GIFML, M., 1963, p.420.

2. Menshikh O.F., Ferromagnetic thermodynamic effect. Application for opening with priority dated July 23, 2007, M., MAANO.

3. Menshikh O.F., Magnetic-viscous pendulum, RF Patent No. 2291546 with priority dated April 20, 2005, Publ. in the bulletin No. 1 dated January 10, 2007.

4. Menshikh O.F., Ferromagnetic viscous rotator, RF Patent No. 2309527 with priority dated 05/11/2005, Publ. in the bulletin No. 30 dated October 27, 2007.

5. Menshikh O.F., Magnetic viscous rotator, RF Patent No. 2325754 with priority dated 10/02/2006, Publ. in the bulletin No. 15 dated May 27, 2008.

A method of creating a vortex magnetic field, consisting in the fact that several permanent magnets are symmetrically positioned relative to a circle, the longitudinal magnetic axes of the permanent magnets are combined with tangents to the specified circle at points located symmetrically on this circle, and the number n of permanent magnets is found from the condition 2π/n ≤ΔΘ, where the angle
ΔΘ=arccos, parameter γ=d/R, and d is the distance from the intersection points of the longitudinal magnetic axes of permanent magnets with their pole planes to the specified circle of radius R, the force function of permanent magnets D and parameter γ are chosen so that the braking torque created by the previous constant magnet, was partially or completely compensated by the accelerating moment of the subsequent permanent magnet in the direction of the vortex magnetic field, and the value D = µ 0 µνS 2 H 0   2 /8π 2 R 5, where µ 0 = 1.256 10 -6 H/m - absolute magnetic permeability vacuum, µ is the relative magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic body with volume ν, which interacts with a magnetic field whose strength is equal to H o in the plane of the poles of permanent magnets with a cross section of their poles S.

The invention relates to the physics of magnetism, to the production of a unidirectional pulsating vortex magnetic field that creates a magnetic field pulling in a circle in relation to a ferromagnetic body moving in it

Chapter 4 Centrifugal force

The Russian patent office is known to not accept patent applications that describe “propulsion by internal forces.” This is correct, but we must not forget that all bodies are in constant interaction and energy exchange with the ether, and the phenomenon of inertia has an ether-dynamic nature. In this chapter, we will look at several simple solutions that allow you to obtain movement through interaction with the surrounding ethereal environment.

Cassier's Magazine Volume 29, 1906, showed several designs that would use a special rotor geometry to create an asymmetrical internal pressure of gas or other elastic medium as it rotates. Note that Louis Cassier published interesting articles on the development of technology in the period 1891–1913 (more than twenty years in a row). Thanks to him, many of the ideas of the inventors of that time are now known to us. Archives of his magazine in English can be freely distributed on the Internet. The diagram shown in Fig. 28, according to information from Cassier's Magazine, was offered to the public in 1902.

Rice. 28. The rotor is filled with gas or other elastic medium

Each of the four housing elements (beams) is equipped with a valve for pumping air or some gas into it. The device does not start to rotate on its own. To start, it must be rotated by hand. The author of this invention is not yet known to us. The scheme is very promising and has no analogues in terms of simplicity of design.

Let's consider the conditions for creating torque. Let's assume that there is gas inside the four "rays" of the body, or some other elastic working fluid, having inertial mass. Essential here is the factor of elasticity of the working fluid, which will be unevenly compressed under the action of centrifugal force. An incompressible fluid, in this situation, will not give the expected effect, since it will press in all directions with the same force. The elastic compressible working fluid presses on the body unevenly, mainly along the radius of rotation.

The vector diagram is shown in Fig. 29, where the presence of a tangential component is noted, causing the rotation of the machine rotor.

Rice. 29. Diagram with the location of force vectors

From consideration of the vectors shown in Fig. 29, it can be assumed that the compressible elastic “working mass” will press on the tangential sides of the housing with greater force than on the radial ones, which will create torque and constant acceleration of the rotor.

The performance of this scheme can only be justified by the presence in the surrounding elastic medium of a reaction to the deformation of the elastic working fluid. In this case, the torque on the shaft of this device must be equivalent to the “twisting” effect of the surrounding ethereal medium in the area of ​​operation of this device.

Let me slightly change the diagram shown in Fig. 29, and offer a larger number of “rays”, Fig. 30. This is not important, but the “useful” surface of the hollow body, which creates the tangential component of the force, is increased in this design. I hope you are very familiar with this Old Slavonic symbol of the Sun.

Rice. 30. Rotor with 8 beams

The device shown in Fig. 31, is proposed by me for practical application in the field of power supply and propulsion systems of aerospace systems.

Rice. 31. Frolov rotor element. Axial and tangential force components are shown

In this option, one can expect the manifestation of not only the tangential component of the force, but also its axial component. The presence of an axial component allows one to obtain an axial driving (lifting) force.

In Fig. Figure 32 shows an embodiment of a rotor, the manufacture of which from a solid disk requires milling triangular (in a simple case) cavities for elastic and compressible “working mass”. Of course, you need two more sealed lids. It is possible to perform milling with an inclination relative to the axis of rotation (according to the idea shown in Fig. 91) in order to obtain not only the tangential, but also the axial (lifting) component of the driving force.

Rice. 32. Rotor with cavity milling

Is this idea a fantasy on the theme of “movement due to internal forces” or is it a practically useful technology? The question of the efficiency of the ideas shown in Fig. 28 – fig. 32 can be verified in practice, since these structures are simple, and there are quite a lot of options for choosing an elastic working inertial mass. It is proposed to conduct joint experiments, file a patent and begin production of energy sources using this technology.

By publishing these ideas, I assume their successful commercialization, and, preferably, with my participation. Further development of the project depends on your production capabilities. To begin with, we need a small pilot production to explore the main factors for improving this technology during development work, and find ways to optimally implement it in mass production. In more detail, this and other projects are shown in my book “New Space Technologies”, 2012.

Let's move on to centrifugal machines with a reactive effect, that is, analogues of the Heron of Alexandria turbine. The diagram is shown in Fig. 33. In his treatise Pneumatics, about 120 BC, Heron described various machines driven by compressed air or steam by reaction effect. For example, Heron’s “aeolipil” was the first steam turbine in the shape of a ball, rotated by the force of jets of water vapor escaping under high pressure from tangentially located nozzles.

Rice. 33. Turbine of Heron of Alexandria

The Heron turbine uses steam pressure, like modern steam and other gas turbine engines on which modern energy is based. “Steam pressure” - these important words sit firmly in the heads of all power engineers and locomotive drivers. To create pressure, you need to heat the water, that is, burn gas, coal, fuel oil. then the turbine of the electric generator will rotate. Gentlemen of energy, you are being deceived! Pressure, as a result of centrifugal force, is created without fuel, almost for nothing! This has been known for thousands of years, but you have not been told this. or you forgot it.

Around 1760, an engine based on the reactive action of flowing water was invented by Johann Andreas von Segner. (Johann Andreas von Segner). Zegner did not set himself the task of obtaining an autonomously operating machine. He used the method of using centrifugal force to accelerate the rotor of a water mill - a machine that produced useful work when a stream of water was supplied to it from outside. However, the essence of his idea is that the power of the machine depends not only on the kinetic energy of the water flow. In such a machine, it is possible to create any jet pressure at the outlet, since it increases with increasing rotor rotation speed: centrifugal force accelerates the working mass and creates the effect of negative pressure (vacuum) at the flow inlet into the rotor. The pressure drop is increasing. This causes excess power. Many proposed centrifugal machines are based on the general principle of the “Segner wheel”. The self-rotation mode of the “modernized” Segner wheel can be simplified to imagine as shown in Fig. 34.

Rice. 34. Segner rotor. Water enters through the axis of rotation

Important details. First, provided that sealed system, and water enters the rotor independently due to the pressure difference, and is not pumped by a pump, such a rotor will self-accelerate as long as water enters it. In the center, along the axis, the water flow moves at a lower speed than at the outlet, so the cross-section of the pipe at the inlet must be greater than the total cross-section of all nozzles. Note that in addition to torque, the design creates a paired effect - axial thrust.

Another design subtlety - the working fluid must be compressible. The algorithm includes phases of compression due to centrifugal forces and expansion, while additional kinetic energy appears in the system due to the release of potential compression energy. We can use the increase in kinetic energy of the flow on turbine impellers or in another way. To fulfill these conditions, it is necessary to allow the water to accelerate as it moves due to the influence of centrifugal forces. The optimal trajectory of its movement, theorists call a logarithmic spiral of variable radius, shown in Fig. 35.

Rice. 35. Logarithmic spiral

Some modern centrifugal pumps and fans already have exactly this design of blades or trajectories of movement of the working mass, so they are very efficient. In a simplified version, the movement of a mass of water along a flat or conical spiral with any increase in radius gives the water the opportunity to accelerate and create additional torque for the rotor.

Perhaps using air as a working mass will be simpler, but it is much lighter, so the rotation speeds will be much higher, and this will require high-quality manufacturing of rotating machine parts and processing (polishing) of the body. Theoretically, everything does not seem very complicated.

Let's consider the most famous and reliable example of the implementation of a technical device that works in accordance with these principles: the Clem motor, which uses centrifugal force for self-rotation. In 1972, Richard Klem was working as a heavy equipment operator in Dallas, USA. He noticed that a typical hot asphalt sprinkler continued to spin for an hour after its drive was turned off. The axis of such a machine is vertical, and the rotor has a conical shape. Klemm did not know the theory, he began to study the issue empirically, and built a self-rotating “Klemm motor”. In Fig. Figure 36 shows a schematic diagram of such a generator, which can use centrifugal force when a liquid mass moves along a conical expanding path.

Rice. 36. Variant of the circuit diagram of the Clem generator

This is not Clem's original design, but a design version of his idea. In Fig. Figure 37 shows another schematic diagram of this design. The cone rotor is placed in a cone housing and has spiral channels cut into it. These spiral tracks run along the cone and end at its base in the form of nozzles (nozzles). Recommendations from theorists and practitioners for creating similar structures are that it is necessary to “give the liquid the opportunity to accelerate,” since centrifugal force acts on it.

Rice. 37 Operating principle of the Klem drive. Design option

To do this, the spiral must have an increase in pitch as the radius increases, and it is also desirable to increase the cross-section of the channel through which the liquid flows as it approaches the nozzle. This is not noted in the articles about the Clem engine, but is assumed theoretically.

The spiral tube through which the working liquid mass moves, having an increase in pitch and cross-section as the radius of rotation increases, is called the “antelope horn”.

There are several factors at play here. The point is not only the reactive Segner effect. The acceleration of the fluid moving in a spiral interacting with the rotor leads to the fact that it transfers torque to the rotor. At the entrance to the rotor, the fluid speed is equal to the rotor rotation speed. In the section of the trajectory in front of the nozzle, the liquid moves faster than the rotor (the increase in speed is due to the centrifugal effect). Thus, the rotor accelerates, and at a certain rotation speed, the external drive can be turned off, and the machine switches to energy generator mode. For optimal use of the kinetic energy of the jet after leaving the nozzle, it is advisable to use inclined reflectors in the design - turbine impeller blades.

Thus, there are three key aspects to this design:

1. The Segner reaction effect accelerates the rotor.

2. Acceleration of the fluid, with the possibility of increasing the radius of its movement under the influence of centrifugal force, leads to the fact that it moves faster than the rotor and imparts additional torque to it.

3. The reactive interaction of the mass of water, which has already flown out of the nozzle and “works” with the turbine impeller mounted on the rotor, further accelerates its rotation.

Richard Klem built a machine that used Mazola edible olive oil, as the liquid became very hot during operation (up to about +150 degrees Celsius), and the water boiled. Perhaps oil must also be used because this liquid has greater elasticity than water. In Klem's actual design, fluid was forced into a hollow shaft at pressures ranging from 300–500 psi (21–35 kg/cm2), passed through the tight spiral channels of a cone, and exited through nozzles. This caused the cone to rotate. The shaft rotation speed in Clem's design reached 2300 rpm. To cool the working fluid, a heat exchanger (radiator) was used.

It is known that the first motor could not withstand the loads and collapsed. Clem made the second version of the engine more durable. In this version, the engine had a power of approximately 350 hp. and weighed about 90 kg.

Richard installed his engine on a car and demonstrated its operation on trips. The battery was used only to start the engine and operate the car's headlights. According to the author of the invention, the power plant “consisted of a seven stage pump and a converter.” The pump, as the author described it, was used to “supply oil under pressure from storage to a converter, where the energy is converted into force sufficient to rotate the motor.” The oil returned to the tank, and the cycle of movement of the working fluid continued again. The converter, that is, the energy converter, acted like a turbine, but “was not a turbine in the usual sense of the word,” as Clem said.

Rice. 38. On the left in the photo: details of the original design. On the right is a computer model

The inventor sought support in financial and industrial circles, easily convincing them of the advantages of this technology. He once said that if the auto industry adopted his new invention, drivers would only be able to change the oil in his engine every 150,000 miles, but never again buy gasoline in between.

Clem's engine was tested by Bendix Corporation. The test involved connecting the engine to a dynamometer to measure the power generated by the engine in self-rotating mode. It consistently produced 350 hp. for 9 days in a row, which amazed the Bendix engineers. Then, Richard Clem received a serious order from a coal company to manufacture several powerful machines, but suddenly died of a heart attack.

Details of the history of this invention are posted on Jerry Decker's KeelyNet page. I have known the address of his website for a long time, I recommend it to you for a detailed study of the topic: www.keelynet.com

The theory of mechanical centrifugal machines capable of operating in self-rotation mode requires serious study. In general terms, we can say that centrifugal force and other inertial effects belong to the field of aether dynamics. Inertia is a property of the environment surrounding the body. These are external forces, not internal forces of a closed system. Similar to aerodynamics, in the presence of a pressure gradient of the medium, in such an open system a driving or lifting force is created, and in some cases, both components.

In the simplest version, centrifugal force creates an increase in the potential energy of the body, without wasting power from the primary source, and the designer’s task is not just to “free up” the working mass and allow it to move along the line of action of the centrifugal force, but at the same time to effectively use its kinetic energy.

This topic is very promising, since, with serial mass production, such machines can become universally used simple, reliable and inexpensive sources of energy. Currently, in 2012, we are working on the creation of a centrifugal vortex energy converter. The Schauberger engine is used as a basis. A research report with power calculations and a set of documentation for the manufacture of a 30 kW drive are ready. Details on the website www.faraday.ru and http://alexfrolov.narod.ru

Let us consider the Schauberger self-rotating energy generator, no less famous than the Clem engine, and earlier in time. Our tasks do not include consideration of methods for creating active (non-reactive) driving force, which is used in aircraft designs. We will consider the inventions of Viktor Schauberger only as technical solutions that are practically useful for the development of new energy sources. However, we note that both components of the driving force (axial and tangential) make it possible to use such a machine both as a source of energy and as an active (non-reactive) propulsion device for an aircraft or other transport, for example, for aviation, sea, river, road or rail transport.

The story of the inventor Viktor Schauberger is very interesting, especially because he found all the principles of his machines in observations of Nature. His main place of work was forestry in Austria, where he developed agricultural technologies reflected in his patents.

The general scheme of its installation is already familiar to us from Clem’s works. The machine version shown in Fig. 39, left, proposed by Leopold Cherju. It is known that it was not implemented because it has shortcomings. Agree, the design is very similar to Richard Klem's design, but Cherju does not have a cone rotor. In my opinion, this flaw is critical. The rotation of the fluid creates centrifugal force, which we must use to increase the kinetic energy of the working fluid. To fulfill this condition, the radius of rotation of the fluid must gradually increase, preferably along the trajectory of a logarithmic spiral, which makes it possible to increase the radial component of the fluid velocity due to the influence of centrifugal force.

Rice. 39. Schematic diagram of the Leopold Cherju generator (left) and Frolov centrifugal machine (right)

This solution is proposed in Fig. 39, on the right, design by Frolov, 2011. Currently, the project to create a workable Schauberger generator is developing, and we invite interested investors and production partners to participate in the project.

I wonder if Richard Klem knew about the work of Viktor Schauberger? This seems unlikely, since Richard worked as a simple operator of heavy equipment, in particular, a hot asphalt sprinkler. Most likely, these two inventions are two independent projects, when considering which, it is useful to find analogies and draw conclusions for the design of machines of this type.

Photos of Schauberger's original device, which is kept in a museum in Austria, are published with the permission of the Schauberger family, their website www.pks.or.at In Fig. 40 shows the author and his “home generator”. Water enters from above, in the narrow part of the cone. It should be noted that, in addition to water, there is always a small amount of air in the tubes, and this condition is considered necessary for the successful operation of the device. The photo shows a spherical air filter. When setting up the machine, it was important to select, using valves and control taps, the required combination of water and air in the tubes.

Rice. 40. Viktor Schauberger and his “home generator”

At the bottom left is an electric generator and a pulley. The rotor is made of copper tubes that go around a cone, as shown in the photo. 41.

Rice. 41. Device in the Schauberger Museum, Austria

An aerated liquid has elasticity, which allows it to accumulate potential energy when the liquid is compressed under the influence of centrifugal forces, and then convert it into kinetic energy of the rotor. We have already noted this nuance: the elasticity of the working fluid in such structures is necessary for the conversion of potential energy. Centrifugal force compresses the working mass, and its potential energy increases. Further, when moving in a spiral with increasing radius, this energy is converted into kinetic energy of the working mass, its acceleration, and also into an increase in rotor torque.

In addition, an elastic medium is necessary, since incompressible fluids cannot move in a continuous flow with acceleration, without ruptures and turbulence.

An interesting feature of the nozzle design in the Schauberger machine: an insert is used that does not rotate, but creates a spiral rotation of water at the outlet of the tube, Fig. 42.

Rice. 42. Nozzle at the end of the tube of Schauberger’s “home generator”

This technical solution is widely known to designers of devices in which it is necessary to increase the speed of the jet stream at the exit of the nozzle. When creating a rotation of the water flow around its axis, microvortices are formed on its periphery, which play the role of “balls” of a kind of bearing that reduces the friction of water against the walls of the tube. In our design, which we are developing according to a similar scheme, Fig. 39, on the right, a similar solution is applied. The topic is promising; calculations show that a rotor with a radius of 30 cm at 3000 rpm can provide 40 kilowatts of power at the shaft. Details - on the website http://alexfrolov.narod.ru

It is known that Schauberger’s device not only reached the self-rotation mode, but also created a large axial (vertical) traction force. One of Schauberger's devices, during testing, took off, broke through the roof and destroyed part of the building.

The fate of the inventor brought him to America, where he quarreled with his partners, although his generator worked very well. After signing a contract in English, which he did not understand, Schauberger returned to Europe. Later he learned that, according to the contract, he transferred all rights to his developments to the Americans, and he himself no longer had the right to engage in this research.

Evgeny Arsentiev talks in detail about this and other designs on this topic on his website www.evgars.com. It is also known about the attempts of the Moscow author Evgeniy Stepanovich Papushin to build a “self-rotating machine” of a similar operating principle, but there are no diagrams and results for publication.

A similar development using air was known in the 1960s in the USA. By Karl Haskell. Currently, it is being developed by a group led by Ron Rockwel. There is no patent for this invention, and there is very little information, but one can note the features of this self-sustaining turbine: the speed reaches 100 thousand revolutions per minute. A high electrical potential is supplied to the turbine, apparently to reduce friction, therefore, during operation, the air is ionized.

I will give another example of the use of centrifugal forces, that is, the pressure gradient of the ether on a rotating body, to increase the efficiency of conversion of energy forms. In 1999, I prepared a report for a conference at St. Petersburg University on the topic “Highly efficient electrolysis of water.” A technical solution was proposed to change the conditions of gas formation on the surface of the electrodes. This solution consisted of creating a rotation of the electrolyzer. The proposed scheme is shown in Fig. 43.

Rice. 43. Scheme of the Frolov centrifugal electrolyzer

The essence of the invention is that the centrifugal forces that are created during rotation act on the gas layer and tear it away from the surface of the electrodes. Gas (hydrogen), in such a design, is collected near the axis of rotation and can be extracted from there for beneficial use. Oxygen, in this design, was supposed to be released into the atmosphere (holes in the lid). The magnitude of the centrifugal force, which determines the efficiency of the process, must be maximum, which is limited only by design possibilities. Drive energy consumption is needed during the rotor acceleration stage, but minimal costs are required to maintain rotation. In this centrifugal electrolyzer, efficiency is determined by the creation of optimal conditions for the polarization of water molecules near the surface of the electrodes, in the absence of a gas film on it (or with a partial reduction in its influence). In fact, this method reduces the initial dissociation voltage, which results in reduced power consumption. Development of the project and experiments using the method I propose are possible if there is a customer interested in this topic. I did not patent this method. Its foreign analogues are known, for example, in the works of the Japanese scientist Ohmasa, Japan Techno, low-frequency vibrations are used in the electrolyzer, and they ensure the rotation of water, and not just vibrations, which effectively eliminates the gas layer from the surface of the electrodes. The technology is described in international patent WO 03/048424A1, which was filed in 2004.

Another method of centrifugal electrolysis was developed by the authors V.V. Studennikov. and Kudinov, Russian application No. 2003104497/12 dated 02/17/2003. International application PCT/RU 03/00413 dated 09/18/2003 “Installation for the decomposition of water by electrolysis.” Their invention relates to the field of electrochemistry. The diagram is shown in Fig. 44.

Rice. 44. Scheme of a rotating electrolyzer of Studennikov and Kudinov

The peculiarities of the chemical composition of the electrolyte used by the authors are that it contains heavy anions and light cations. The electrolyte is fed into the rotor, which rotates at high speed. In the field of centrifugal forces in the electrolyte, the medium is divided into light and heavy ions, which leads to the appearance of a radial potential difference, and then to the emergence of an electric current, the circuit of which is closed through a rotating metal rotor. The drive power, in the authors' experiments, was 5 kW. Rotation speed – from 1500 to 40000 rpm. Thus, an external source of electricity is not required for electrolysis. It is necessary to rotate the electrolyte, and then a potential difference is created in the electrolyte, which supports the dissociation process. When the external circuit is closed, a conduction current flows through it, which can provide significant power to the payload, while the process occurs with the release of gas (oxygen and hydrogen) from the electrolyte.

When using an acid electrolyte, positive hydrogen ions are formed near the axis of rotation. Having received electrons from the metal body, they recombine into hydrogen molecules. Heavier anions collect at the periphery of the rotating volume and release electrons into the metal rotor body, which leads to the formation of oxygen molecules.

By centrifugal forces, light oxygen molecules are pushed by heavier ions towards the axis of the rotating volume of the electrolyte. Through holes in the shaft, the resulting oxygen and hydrogen molecules are removed from the rotating volume and supplied to the consumer. This electrochemical reaction of water decomposition is endothermic, that is, it can only continue in the presence of heat exchange with the external environment. For this purpose, the sediment cooled at the periphery of the rotating volume is supplied to the input of the heat exchanger, and the electrolyte heated to ambient temperature is supplied to the central region of the rotating volume. The addition of clean water from outside is necessary as the water decomposes into oxygen and hydrogen.

According to the authors and developers, theoretically, for every watt of mechanical power expended, from 20 to 88 watts of heat are absorbed from the external environment, corresponding to the amount of gas produced from water. This means an efficiency of 20 to 1 or even 88 to 1. In such a design, one cubic meter of the conventional working volume of the electrolyzer would produce 3.5 cubic meters of hydrogen per second.

At one time, the authors’ information about their development aroused great interest among investors, including foreign ones, but later, many of the authors’ statements were not experimentally confirmed. In 2010, this project had not yet reached the level of commercialization. The topic was dealt with by the Alambik Alpha company in Moscow. Useful articles on the topic “chemielectric gravitolysis of Studennikov” were published by Andrey Fadeevich Makarov from Kemerovo. Additional information can be found in the New Energy magazine on our website.

We will not consider in detail the generation of heat by cavitation with various methods of water rotation. I would like to study the basics of vortex heat generators (VTG), I recommend finding the works of Yuri Semenovich Potapov on the Internet. From my point of view, excess thermal energy in such devices is also the result of transformations of the free energy of the ether through the use of centrifugal inertial effects that occur during rotation of the working fluid: rotation creates pressure, compression of the working fluid and an increase in its potential energy, which can be used to create autonomous sources energy. All other effects in cavitation-type devices are secondary.

By the way, we studied one of these indirect effects of VTG in a joint project with Valery Vladimirovich Lazarev, University of St. Petersburg. The idea of ​​our experiment was checking the effect of cavitation on the degree of radioactivity fluid that circulated in the VTG. We have successfully, in two different experiments, shown that the cavitation process reduces not only the level of radioactivity of the liquid itself, but also the general radioactive background around the operating VTG. Details can be found on our website www.faraday.ru.

Practical successes in the field of creating energy-autonomous devices based on this principle have been developing successfully for a long time, for example, “quantum thermal power plants” of Potapov’s KTES, Fig. 45.

Rice. 45. Scheme of a two-stage power plant KTES Potapov

They not only heat the liquid, but also generate electricity necessary for pumps and external consumers. Let's consider the diagram: Pump 6 pumps water into the “cyclone” 3, and after accelerating the water, it exits through nozzle 9 to hydraulic turbine 11, which is connected to an electric generator. A second hydraulic turbine 14, also connected to an electric generator, is installed in the lower tank 13. At the exit from nozzle 9 of the vortex heat generator, the temperature of the working medium is about 70 - 100 degrees Celsius and the pressure is 8 - 10 atm. This flow powers the first turbine. The turbine in the lower tank is driven by fluid moving under its own weight from the upper tank. Thus, simultaneously with the production of thermal energy, which is provided by heat generator 1, electrical energy is generated in the installation. Obtaining this electricity and heat does not require any fuel consumption, its production is environmentally friendly. We do not have data on the manufacturer, test reports and operating experience of such power plants.

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change from 07/22/2013 (photo added)

Before we begin our acquaintance with the processes of implosion and related devices, it is necessary to decide from the very beginning that finding a specific description of Viktor Schauberger’s devices is very problematic. This is due to the fact that none of the drawings where there is a mention exactly corresponds to the material presented in the various texts. They tend to intersect and overlap, producing a lot of blurry information.

Moreover, there are cases where the same machine has been described under different names, and the entire chronology of the development of each of these machines is very difficult to unravel. The most famous of them are: "Repulsator", "Repulsin", "Climator", "Implosion Motor", "Suction Motor", "Trout Motor" and "Biotechnical Submarine".

What all these machines have in common is that they are very quiet and cheap, since all the principles they use are similar. In addition, we note that all the various aspects and factors such as male and female etheric energies, the function of vortices in rivers, bio- and electricity, biomagnetism, temperature gradients, etc., which have been discussed in other articles dedicated to Viktor Schauberger (see . site map) must also be taken into account when considering the functioning of Schauberger's machines, because in his philosophy nothing should be considered in isolation or apart from everything else. Central to Schauberger's theory for the functioning of his machines is the creation of, as he put it, a "Biological Vacuum" and therefore we will start with it.

BIOLOGICAL VACUUM

In its simplest form, its mechanical action can be compared to the suction we experience when we open the stopper in a full bathtub by closing and opening the drain hole with the palm of our hand. By opening and closing the hole with the palm of our hand we can get some idea of ​​the enormous suction force, or force implosion, which, according to research by Professor Felix Ehrenhaft, is 127 times more powerful than explosive force.

In the case of a bathroom stopper, we are dealing with suction, which is produced under the influence of gravity. Gravity, in this case, is associated with centrifugal force, the analogue of which is centripetal force. In a manner similar to the interaction between suction and pressure on a common axis that exists in jet engines, Schauberger devices use centrifugal and centripetal forces to produce a biological vacuum.

This involves vortex cooling processes, sometimes in a closed vessel, in which the contents are cooled to such an extent that, due to their extreme condensation, a very powerful vacuum is created. If water is used, for example, then for every 1°C of cooling, the volume of gases contained in it decreases by 0.0036 (1/273). On the other hand, if ordinary air, which contains a certain amount of water vapor, is used as the medium, the compaction of air in water involves a volume reduction of 0.001226 (1/816). At +4°C, 1 liter of water weighs 1 kg, while 1 liter of ordinary air weighs 0.001226 kg.

An example of this implosive reduction is what happened to the American airship Akron, in the early years of their design. Filled with the inert gas helium rather than hydrogen, the latter exploded through spontaneous ignition. Akron exploded one cool and foggy morning as its helium condensed into a liquid. The transition, in this case, means an almost instantaneous 1800-fold decrease in volume. This reduction in volume, which caused a series of chain reactions, is a biological vacuum and an ideal environmentally friendly source of driving force. Since a biological vacuum is formed under conditions of continuous cooling, gaseous substances are converted into liquid, including gases contained in the water itself, and are converted into substances of a smaller volume.

In Viktor Schauberger's machines we not only ensure the spatial reduction of physical matter, but also the concentration of intangible energies in it in their extreme form. The biological vacuum causes these substances to lose their usual physical characteristics and return to their higher etheric nature (transition from the third to the fourth or fifth dimension). This is the highest sphere of existence, which Theosophical teaching calls the “laya point,” the point of extreme potency, the eye of a needle through which all emerging energies are manifested. Schauberger called this process “the supreme inner fall,” noting in his diary on August 14, 1936:
"I stand face to face with an obvious "emptiness", dematerialization, which we used to call vacuum. Now I can see that we can create anything from nothing. The conductor (agent) is Water, the blood of the Earth, and the most universal organism.""

Schauberger could produce this process of “highest internal concentration” to one degree or another in most of his devices, and mainly in the so-called “flying saucers” and “biotechnical submarine”. Through the interaction of centrifugal and centripetal forces operating on a common axis, he could impulsively return or reconvert physical form (water or air) into his underlying energy matrix - a 4th or 5th dimensional state that has nothing to do with the three dimensions of physical existence. Therefore, removing matter or physical quantity from the physical world (by creating a physical void) and because of the non-spatial qualities of such a vacuum, it is possible to pack it, in an almost unlimited amount of pure formative energy, into energy matrices, like memory, capable of giving rise to the thing itself... Thus, it corresponds in every way to the physical configurations of reverse transmuted matter.All that is required to release this enormous potential, to unleash enormous powers and reverse expansion into physical existence, is to set off the appropriate trigger, such as heat or light.

In terms of what is involved and what principle it operates on, cold fusion work opens up new and interesting ideas. An article on low-temperature nuclear fusion, published in the journal Russian Chemistry, describes a “layered space” in which all truly fundamental natural phenomena and energetic interactions become fundamental.

Reaffirming the causality of the supreme non-dimensional energy that gives rise to physical origin, this article goes on to say:
""In our "laboratory" space (space), we observe only the result of the process, and the process itself takes place in another layer of the enveloping layered space"". The authors then go on to claim that "...the physical vacuum is not a "curved void", as is commonly believed, but a real material substance consisting of elementary vacuum particles associated with the transformation of annihilation, for example, a proton and an antiproton or an electron and a positron. In other words, proton- antiproton and positron-electron are vacuum cleaners of physical reality. However, elementary vacuum particles do not exist in our spatial laboratory, but in another layer of enveloping (all-encompassing) space, and for us, giving the opportunity to make observations in a space laboratory, they are virtual particles. This is the true nature, and not the formal character, of virtual states: particles that actually exist, not in our space, but in additional spaces (in the mathematical sense) to it. Elementary vacuum particles and other virtual particles are the state of the microworld, which manifests itself indirectly in the space laboratory based on the results of processes occurring in other spaces."

This makes it very clear that Viktor Schauberger perfectly understood the essence of the biological vacuum, although he produced it, among other things, in the rapidly cooled environment of air or water, through the application of combined pulsating vortex centrifugal and centripetal forces located on a common axis. Additionally, the "layered space" mentioned in the quote above also provides a more specific understanding of those areas of reality that Schauberger calls the 4th and 5th dimensions. As basic shaping tools, they could be compared to the invisible inner skins of the bow, which supply the bow with energy, creating the outer form (appearance).

REPULSER

The device shown in the picture is a later development of the egg-shaped Spring Water machine, which was built in Sweden by a biotech research group led by Olof Alexandersson (author of Living Water).

The purpose of this apparatus is to restore old, stale fresh water and create new mature water from distilled water by rotating and passing through it, by creating alternating right and left side vortices, copying the sequential alternation of negative and positive charging longitudinal vortices at natural bends rec.

The whole idea is to make water inhale and exhale various trace elements and carbon dioxide in a certain order. This is done by a simple cold impeller at the bottom, at the sharp end of the egg, which automatically reverses the direction of rotation after a certain interval, during which time an internal vortex is created. Under the influence of a positive temperature gradient and starting from a temperature of about +20°C, at the initial stage of this process (the initial temperature should not exceed +27°C), the existing energy potential of the main water is first eliminated, after which the water is restored to a much higher quality .

The egg-shaped container itself, which contains about 10-11 liters, is made of copper or copper alloys, silver-plated where required (that is, from biomaterials that have catalytic and diamagnetic or biomagnetic properties). The outer surface of the housing should be well insulated and surrounded by cooling tubes, although some ice may be used as a substitute or the unit may be placed in a refrigerator. This external insulation is also necessary to prevent any leakage of bioelectrical and biomagnetic energy from it. Before filling with main water, if it is not distilled, it must first be boiled to remove bacteria. Boiling also eliminates any other residual intangible “memories” that could cause direct harm. The original product is also analyzed for its chemical composition in order to add components in the correct proportions, the criterion of which is the chemical and gaseous composition of full-fledged spring water from a mountain source. In no case should the main water contain chlorine, which is detrimental to the final restoration of the water as full-fledged spring water.

Once this is done, the egg is filled to the brim with water to exclude all atmospheric oxygen and air. The inlet valve closes and about 4 liters of water is drained as carbon dioxide is introduced. When the engine is turned on (around 300 rpm), through the vortex action and constant cooling, carbon dioxide is absorbed by the water and converted into carbonic acid, creating a vacuum in the process. This should not be allowed to happen too quickly as it may adversely affect the final product. The increase in vacuum can be controlled with a pressure gauge; an absolute pressure (atmosphere) between 0.8 and 0.96 is sufficient. Since the shape of the egg is quite capable of resisting this pressing inward, the main problem is the tightness, which must be maintained at all times.

In addition to liquefying carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), the effect of this vacuum is to trigger the absorption of other beneficial micronutrients, ingredients and trace metals. As soon as the water reaches the anomalous point at +4°C, the process of cold oxidation begins. Thanks to the vortices formed, carbones and hydrogen become very active and ready to bind (thirsty), and passive oxygen and other elements become fully bound, forming a stable emulsion.

The entire operation takes about 45 minutes and is preferably carried out before 9:00 am, after which it should be left and allowed to stand on a stand, at an external temperature of +3°C - +4°C for 24 hours, away from all light and heat temperatures in order to become fully ripe. If a thunderstorm is brewing outside and is imminent, then production must be delayed because until a state of increased positive ions in the atmosphere returns, the process, which involves the generation of negative ions, will not succeed.

Initially, the amount of carbon dioxide can only be determined experimentally, i.e. by tasting the finished products. If there is carbon dioxide, it is noticeable, and if the water is too hard, the calcium content in it is excessive. If the water is refreshing and invigorating, then the proportions of carbon dioxide and magnesium are correct.

If the water lacks a refreshing taste or is indifferently invigorating, both of which are qualitative factors, then in the first case more magnesium should be added, and in the second more carbon dioxide.

If you drink freshly prepared egg water, the effect of this water will be to bring down the acidity of the entire body, allowing any over-oxidized cells to breathe and take in oxygen, promoting a rapid return to health. The water consumed should not exceed a temperature of +7°C and should only be drunk in small quantities. At +9°C the water quality begins to deteriorate and precautions must be taken to ensure it is cooled. There are also restrictions on the time of its use, because after 24 hours after ripening, it gradually loses all its diamagnetic energy, the disappearance of which affects its healing properties. According to Viktor Schauberger, this water can hardly be differentiated as water from a high-quality mountain spring, but if drunk slowly by a sick (powerless) person, he will regain his health.

The proportions of trace elements and other substances in the mixture are given below per 10 liters of water:

Potassium (K) - 0.0034 mg/kg, Chlorine (Cl) - 0.0257 mg/kg, Sodium (Na) - 0.0776 mg/kg, Sulfate - 0.1301 mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) - 0.0215 mg/kg, Bicarbonate - 0.0638 mg/kg, Magnesium (Mg) - 0.00039 mg/kg, Nitrite - 0.0001 mg/kg, Iron (Fe) - 0.00042 mg/kg, Fluorine (F) - 0.0028 mg/kg, Manganese (Mn) - 0.0001 mg/kg, Thiosulfate - 0.00055 mg/kg, Lithium (Li) - 0.00022 mg/kg, Malic acid - 0.0754 mg/kg, Strontium (Sr) - 0.00047 mg/kg, Metaboric acid - 0.00497 mg/kg, Aluminum (Al) - 0.0002 mg/kg, Free CO 2 - 0.0054 mg/kg.

Despite the presence of the harmful effects of chlorine in its pure form described above, in this context, we note that chlorine is a necessary ingredient. Thanks to natural biological electromagnetic ionizing processes that occur when water matures and combines with other elements to form hydrochloric acid, for example, which acts as a catalyst and provides the optimal pH for pepsin, the main enzyme in digestive juice.

REPULSIN

In a letter to Werner Zimmermann on May 21, 1936, Victor describes Repulsin (Figure 21.2) as follows:

“This machine, measuring 30x50 cm, evaporates, purifies and distills water using cold processes. At the same time, it can lift water to any height, which requires almost no power input. My machine is an organ that consists of internal and peripheral injectors that replace or complement the valves of current machines... My machine requires only an impulse and exhibits a reaction in the form of an extraction, which not only pushes (shoots), but at the same time sucks in (sucks in) ). This is the result of creating movement with less resistance due to the interaction of two forces.
The body is just an antenna, while the transmitter is responsible for the phenomenon we call "motion." Movement is a function of temperaments, which in their course have plus and minus in various shapes and sizes. Therefore, by changing the internal structure of the atomic structure, we can shift the center of gravity and thereby achieve what we consider as pure movement without resistance, a movement that we have not understood for so long, because we ourselves are the resistance that must move on its own in order to to develop."

This device works in much the same way as a Repulsator, but the sealed vessel, in which the amount of water is fixed, operates more or less continuously. In the drawing, instead of a single vane impeller, two nested halves of an egg-shaped wave-shaped bowl, made of silver-plated copper, are shown, located one above the other and on the cardan shaft, in no way touching each other. The outer bowl has an inlet leading to the base, allowing raw water and components to flow into the serpentine cavities between the bowls, passing into the top and flowing down outside the outer top bowl. The waveguide cavity, located between the two bowls, gradually decreases towards the top.

In the process of flowing, the water is first subjected to centrifugal force, as it flows from the central axis from above and outward to the sides, and then to a pulsating centripetal force, which imprints it with a certain vibrational energy, as if in a cycloidal spiral, thus lifting it upward through the constricting cavities, to a screw tube, with the top open. As we know, water cools while it flows centripetally in the vortex, and by reaching the top of the dome-shaped chamber it has already been significantly cooled.

In this cooler and centripetally stirred state, the existing carbones in the water become increasingly active. With the introduction of carbon dioxide, the total carbon content increases noticeably. Combined with the increase in cooling, the eddy currents around the central tube increase, which creates a vacuum as carbon dioxide swirls and turns into carbonic acid, the increasingly hungry carbons begin to bind dissolved oxygen around the inside of the inner bowl. In this process, the water becomes denser and, at the same time, saturated with the lifting levitating energy that arises from centripetal motion and negatively charged carbons, “not satisfied” (not saturated) with the demand for positively charged oxygen.

Since the area with the highest density in the center of the downward vortex in the immediate vicinity of the central pipe, regardless of whether the water reaches a temperature of +4°C, affecting the smaller rotating dish of the gas separator, passes through the pipes. On the other hand, any still undissolved gas and other elements, whose specific density is less and whose volume is greater than that of water at +4°C, are forced by centrifugal force to go outside to the gas separator to rejoin the internal cycle, until they also will be completely cooled and absorbed. Once the water has entered the riser pipe, which has a design similar to the double helix pipe shown in Fig. 14.4, it has the same composition and lifting energy as a mountain spring, and rises to any desired height.

Thus, this device is not a pump, since there is no pumping action, and can therefore be used with a rather modest electric motor, which is only required to rotate the nested wave bowls (concave disks) and the gas separator alternately in one and then in the other sides, as in the device discussed earlier.

IMPLOSION ENGINE

In this machine, the water receives more or less the same treatment as described above, namely: the vessel is first filled to exclude air, and then discharged to a certain level with a compensating injection of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide). This device, while improving water quality, is used primarily to generate energy in the form of electricity, although mechanical energy can also be obtained by attaching a pulley to a central shaft. The design shown in Fig. Figure 21.3 is a result of what has been pieced together from various sources and is intended to show the principle rather than the actual working machine.

The development of this machine caused Schauberger many headaches because the swirling tubes, the main components of this device, were both extremely difficult to design in proportion and equally difficult to manufacture. Viktor Schauberger based his original design for these twisted pipes on the shape of the horn of the Kudu antelope, the proportions of which have a spiral shape and a decreasing diameter approximately according to the Golden Ratio (). Its configuration is also a cycloid-spiral-space curve, which is a radial-axial path accompanied by an "original" movement, or shape that creates movement.

While the general profile of the cross-section of the whorl of an ovoid tube (as shown in the upper right corner of the diagram), in its completed ovoid form, at 1/4 there is a depression that runs the entire length of the curled tube and which is seen as a cross-section along the entire length of pipe, rotating in the same direction as the helical rotation of the spiral pipe (left-hand rotation of the pipe, left-hand pipe in the diagram), or in the opposite direction (right-hand rotation of the pipe, right-hand pipe in the diagram).

The shape of the pipe swirls and directs water away from the walls of the pipe, thereby reducing friction and associated resistance to a minimum or even taking a negative value (a suction process appears). The effect of this centrifugal centripetal dynamic movement has two aspects: firstly, it gives the movement of water a double spiral as it passes through it, thus cooling and condensing it in a minimum volume; secondly, in connection with certain catalysts (Victor has never revealed his true knowledge, but they may be contained in a patented spring water device) that cause an inversion of the polarity of the substances contained. This can be a transition from magnetic to bioelectric and electrical to biomagnetic (diamagnetic), or positive charges to negative charges, and vice versa. In this process, the resistances of the elements are transformed into increases in movements that generate dynagens in the form of levitation and diamagnetic energies.

These spiral, whorl-like tubes are then attached to a central hub, the bottom of which is a hollow cone. As it is an inverted screw and the central generator begins to spin, the water is subjected to centrifugal force as it centrifuges (centrifugal forces) rushing down the turns of the pipes while simultaneously experiencing a double helical centripetal contraction as it passes through the screw pipe. This causes extreme compaction and, when it emerges from the 1mm diameter jet nozzle at the end of the pipe, it does so with enormous force due to its high speed and density.

At 1,200 rpm and depending on the actual radius of the central generator as a whole, the record output speed is actually about 1,290 m/s, developing a thrust of 17.9 horsepower per jet. 1,290 m/s is approximately 4 times the speed of sound, and depending on the aperture of the jet nozzles (spouts), these jets of water or air can be as hard and twisted as steel wire.

Gretlem Schneider, who accompanied the Swiss Arnold Hochl during one of Viktor Schauberger's frequent visits in 1936-37, gives a graphic description of this phenomenon:
"Mr. Viktor Schauberger showed the car to me. The previous car was a huge structure, this one is not big. It was reduced to half its former size and developed enormous power when in use. I poured a pot of water into its base at the bottom. The machine made a barely audible sound, and then “pffff” and at the same moment the water pierced through the 4-centimeter concrete slab and the 4 mm thick hardened steel plate with such force that water particles invisible to the eye due to their high speed, penetrated through all clothing and were felt like lightning by needle pricks on the skin. The flowing water also turned (strengthened) into 5 cm long hairs on the outside of the body, like stubble.""

Although Gretl Schneider may well have thought that everything he poured into the car was ordinary water, it is more likely that it was water very rich in silicates (compounds of silicon and oxides), or liquid glass (Na 2 SiO 3) - a white substance, obtained from a solution of sodium silicate and water. Schauberger considered certain catalytic properties of water to be vital for the healthy saturation of water through the emission (emanation) of solid particles, namely through the constant corrosion of quartz and siliceous rocks. Moreover, the self-oscillations of the concentrating vortex flow with healing water in streams also produces its “emulsions” of fine dispersions of minerals and trace elements, which also include silicates, which endow the water with levitation energies that trout or salmon use to overcome high waterfalls. This mixing of vortex motion also extends to the creation of an emulsion of gases and trace gases in the atmosphere.

Using this machine in his research, Schauberger experimented with a number of different silicate suspensions as "fuel" to "drive". Due to the rapid vibrations they were subjected to in their vortex passage through the centrifugal generator, both the water and the fine silica particles were homogenized by vortex cooling and condensation into a silica gel or colloidal solution, i.e. emulsion. During operation, the device body also cooled noticeably.

Other sources cite that the vibrations of quartz particles in a dispersed or colloidal suspension apparently exhibited levitation properties, which were later confirmed by experiments conducted in the mid-1920s. Exposing quartz crystals to certain powerful radio frequencies (electromagnetic waves) produced amazing results. From its initial volume of 15 cm³, the crystal increased in size by 800%, and then, in the company of an experimental setup weighing 25 kg, to which it was attached, it rose (levitated) to a height of about 2 meters.

Let us return to the consideration of the spiral pipe on which the nozzle devices are mounted at an angle in the same direction as the rotation of the central generator (central generating wheel), shown clockwise in the drawing. The original spiral pipes, which in the drawing emerge from the center like spokes, may in fact have been more curved and bent around the central node in the direction of rotation.

The nozzle design and arrangement depicted here were appended from Schauberger's own sketches, which depict cup-shaped cavities (like a Pelton Turbine) as a scoop directly behind the jet. The purpose of this is to catch the full retro-impulse or "impact" of the almost solid exiting jet of water as a ricochet from a vertically grooved or jagged strip of metal located along the diameter of the inside of the body. After a certain period of repeated recoil, an effect is achieved that causes the central generator wheel to rotate on its own, thereby relieving the drive motor of the load. Although, as shown here, all four jets are aligned perpendicular to the plane of rotation and act simultaneously at one point on the toothed peripheral ring, a longer retro-pulse of thrust will be achieved if they are placed horizontally one behind the other. Thus, each jet recoil from the gear ring will differ slightly in time and angle. Since the electricity generator is mounted on a single shaft, part of the electricity it produces is returned to the drive motor, the rest is free energy for any purpose. If this machine functions as Schauberger claims, then the generator should produce ten times the energy consumed by the engine, in other words, there should be a nine-fold increase in electrical energy.

To prevent water from circulating at high speeds, the perimeter of the vessel has vertical curved baffles attached to the bottom and sides of the body, which also direct water back to the central hole open at the bottom at the base of the centrifugal generator wheel, where it is immediately sucked back in upward with great force towards the waiting mouths of the spiral pipes.

TROUT ENGINE AND BIOTECHNICAL SUBMARINE

A further or parallel development of the Implosion Engine is the Trout Engine. It is shaped like a nose cone at the bow of a biotech submarine, shown respectively in Fig. 21.4 and 21.5, combining both the central pulse generator and the waveform configuration of nested disks (bowls) in Repulsin. This central pulse generator does not involve spiral tubes per se, but the vortex processes appear to be generated through the butterfly-wing mounts of a curved thin sheet, on the inner surface between two tapering (converging) wave-shaped diaphragms at intervals (not shown in the diagram) ), the action of which leads to the fact that the leading medium, air or water, flows as a series of vortices through wavy disks. The actions and functions of these diaphragm rivulets are similar to the gills of a stationary trout, from which this motor gets its name.

Two factors are activated here. First, according to Schauberger, the extreme limits of any pair of dialectical quantities can only be reached under the 96% boundary condition in the physical world. Second, two different temperature systems, types A and B, have been identified as increasing and expanding, and contracting and concentrating forms of heat and cold. Using air or water as the main medium, in his machines Schauberger was able to achieve, through rapid alternation of centripetal condensation and expansion (diffusion), to interrupt the normal process of falling and concentration of cold, a heating process, by converting cold into an increase (volume) and expansion of the medium . When the process reaches its extreme limit of 96%, the conversion of the medium into forms of reduction (temperature) and concentration begins again. This leads to very rapid cooling of water from +20°C to +4°C in just a few seconds.

During this process, the absorption capacity of carbones becomes so active under the powerful concentrating influence of centripetal fusion, which creates a strongly negative ionized atmosphere, that the oxygen they have already absorbed becomes passive on cooling, tightly bound and equally scarce in space . In other words, carbons and oxygen, as well as any other elements or gases, enter a state of high-frequency interdimensional potential energy that requires only minor heating to produce massive (volumetric) expansion.

Returning to the two different forms of cold mentioned above, we will consider how their succession is achieved. When the wave-like shape of the central pulse generator rotates, the water (or air) that is present between the two converging (in narrow places of streams) diaphragm disks is set in motion and is pushed outward by centrifugal force. Since this frees up space, it is filled with more new water entering through the vortex suction, which creates a partial and sometimes intense vacuum in front of the submarine into which it is drawn. The intensity of this vacuum depends on the rotation speed of the wave pulse generator.

As can be seen from the figure, the waveforms of the surface of the two diaphragms are not completely parallel, that is, the corresponding crests and valleys on the two diaphragms are shifted. The result of this is the creation of alternating expansion and contraction (compression) of space. The intervals between the peaks of these diaphragm streams, as well as the space between them, decreases in proportion to the Golden Ratio. As water enters the first constriction at the bottom of the inlet pipe, this causes further radial-axial, centripetal, vortex motion along the curved thin sheets (butterfly wing) located only in the front of the constriction (not shown for reasons of schematic clarity) and cools under the influence of centripetal reducing and concentrating cold. Having no friction during compression in the constrictions, it then enters the expanding space and, with a temporary increase in the radial-axial vortex motion, it cools further under the influence of increasing and expanding cold.

To get some idea of ​​what processes are involved, if you hold your palm in front of your open mouth and gradually close your lips as you exhale, the temperature of the exhaled air becomes increasingly cooler. Thanks to the successive alternations of these two forms of cooling, the water not only cools very quickly, but also, by the time it leaves the peripheral ports (holes along the perimeter), it is extremely dense, i.e. spatially compressed, and the carbons contained in it behave extremely aggressively. In the same way, oxygen-deprived water is pushed out of the gills of a motionless trout and flows down the sides, and here, too, super-cooled, carbon-rich water jerks the stern of the submarine and it jumps out of the squeezing ring, like a fresh plum pit jumps out of your fingers if you squeeze it between the pads.

Note that in this type of propulsion, we are not in principle concerned with the mechanical effect of the reverse thrust, but rather with the sequential effect of the physical dematerialization at the bow, and then the physical materialization of the expansion at the stern of the vessel. This is shown in Fig. 21.5 as a transformation of water flows towards the rear elongated part of the egg-shaped hull of the ship, where it interacts with sea water of different specific densities, temperatures and physical compositions. This causes it to expand rapidly, not only due to the high external temperatures, but also because it reabsorbs those elements that were precipitated during the almost instantaneous cooling (precipitation of salts and minerals occurs during cooling in the absence of light and air). This rapid physical expansion occurs with the water lying astern and directly in front of the submarine. By pressing on the hull of the vessel, it collides with the tapering hull of the submarine and closes (closes) in its stern, as a result of which the submarine, like a motionless trout, moves forward, like a piece of slippery soap squeezed between the fingers. This forward movement is further enhanced by the vacuum created in the bow of the vessel from the rapid entry of water into the central pulse generator.

CLIMator
(something like a modern air conditioner)

This device, apparently the size of a hat, is a generator capable of producing temperatures belonging to artificial Type A, Schauberger described it as a miniature copy of the Earth, which, through its "original" form of movement, can produce both the rise and expansion of cold and the fall and concentration high temperature, and the first is fatal to all pathogenic bacteria.

At very high speeds, ordinary air, at speeds above sound, through the copper alloys of the central pulse generator, is driven to the point of molecular collapse, resulting in the emergence of a previously unknown form of atomic energy. It can be intensified according to wishes by changing the speed of rotation, resulting in natural shapes that create either heat or cold. By means of this device, instead of the usual heating system, when the head is hot and the feet are cold, the space is radiantly heated in the same way as the Sun heats the Earth's atmosphere. As a result, the entire space is evenly saturated and saturated with heat (high temperature). On the other hand, with a different setting of the apparatus, the space is filled with increasing and expanding cold, producing fresh air, as in mountainous regions. This change in temperature is achieved by turning on a small electrical resistance, electric heating (electric heater) or element.

When high current passes through it, the rotation speed of the central pulse generator is reduced and warm temperature conditions prevail. On the other hand, when the heat decreases, the rotation speed correspondingly increases, producing the mountain quality air mentioned above.

FLYING SAUCER

As can be determined, the so-called “Hurrying Saucer” functioned using a slight modification of the Trout Engine, but also like a Climator operating at higher speeds, the driving medium was air. Two prototypes are shown in Fig. 21.6, different models of the same device (prototypes A and B).

At the same time that Climator is the size of a hat, the size of the flying saucer is about 65 cm in diameter. It may also be what is called a "vacuum engine", which seems quite possible in light of the condensation of planetary motion in the Trout Engine, since the central pulse generator can use air or water as a driving medium. There is also reason to believe that with With this device, experiments were carried out using quartz gel (silica gel) as fuel.

The first of these devices was produced at Schauberger's own expense by the Kertle company in Vienna in 1940 and subsequently improved at Schönbrunn Castle. The purpose of these prototypes was twofold:
1) further research into free energy production, and
2) testing of Schauberger’s theory of levitation, or vertical flight.

Whereas in the first case there is a need for the top of the aerodynamic rigid canopy attached to the base, in the 2nd case it is necessary to attach it to a quick coupling to allow it to rise, which will be achieved by automatic self-rotation and generation of lift. To start the energy process, a small high-speed electric motor was used, capable of producing from 10,000 to 20,000 rpm. Despite its compact size, this machine produced such a powerful lifting (levitating) force that when it was first launched (without Schauberger's permission and in his absence), it stripped six 0.25-inch diameter high-strength steel bolts and shot upward , crashing on the hangar roof. According to Viktor Schauberger's calculations, based on data from previous tests, the device, with a diameter of 20 cm and a rotation speed of 20,000 rpm, produced a lifting (levitating) force of such a scale that it could lift a weight of 228 tons. Moreover, similar devices are reported to have been built on a larger scale, as indicated in an excerpt from an article on Viktor Schauberger written by A. Hammas in Implosion magazine, which states:
""There are many rumors about what Schauberger was actually doing during this period, most of which indicate that he was developing flying discs under an Army contract. It later became known that the “flying disc” was launched in Prague on February 19, 1945, which rose to a height of 15,000 meters within three minutes and reached a top speed of 2,200 kilometers per hour. This was the development of a prototype that he built in the Mauthausen concentration camp. Schauberger wrote: “I first heard about this event after the war, through one of the technicians who worked with me.” In a letter to a friend, dated August 2, 1956, Schauberger commented: “The machines were supposed to have been destroyed just before the end of the war on Keitel's orders. ""

Detailed photographs of the flying saucer from America were provided by Richard K. Feirebend, a former US Navy commander. They show the underside of what looks like prototype A and make it much easier to explain its function. Before doing this, we note that we must become familiar with its structure by examining it layer by layer in combination with the cross section (Fig. 21.7) and the corresponding illustrations (Figs. 21.8 - 21.12).

In Fig. Figure 21.8 shows a flying saucer mounted on a heavy non-ferrous base, which includes a gearbox from which project two shafts, one horizontally and the other vertically. A high-speed electric motor was most likely connected to the latter to spin the entire upper part to a critical rotation speed of 10,000 to 20,000 rpm, above which self-rotation begins. A horizontal shaft gearbox was probably used to dissipate mechanical energy. As for the direction of rotation, since most electric motors (when viewed from the side where the shaft does not come out, the closed end) rotate clockwise, then, since the motor is installed at the bottom with the driveshaft on top, the central pulse generator rotates counterclockwise when viewed on the device from above.

The outer streamlined body is made of copper sheet 1.2 mm thick and has a central hole, which can be seen in Fig. 21.9, just below which there is an annular cast iron or aluminum ring about 5 cm deep and 1.5 cm thick, and a protruding edge about 2 cm beyond the body. This is part of the basis and for ease of handling and protection of the entire apparatus when not in use. Through the opening is immediately visible part of the main concentric grooved plate or diaphragm, also of copper, which can be seen in its entirety in Fig. 21.10. On the upper gyrus (stream) B, the plate contains a series of slits S, cut at an angle on the inner sides, slopes of the 2nd and 3rd rings, the slits on the inner 2nd ring narrow towards the base, are longer, more closely spaced and cover the field rise on the ridge to roll. Through these slits air is drawn in, some is sucked in and some is centrifuged into the space between plate B and plate C, the latter plate being shown in Fig. 21.11. When assembled as a whole, the combination of both plates and the inserted wave plates form a space W between them, which is elsewhere called a "centripulser", in the form of many spiral tubes or wave-shaped cavities, essentially performing the same function.Compared with the cross section in Fig. 21.4, where the element of the central pulse generator was compiled from a written description, here the annular ripples of both plates B and C (in Fig. 21.7) are much more angular and their crests and troughs, aligned almost vertically.

When comparing plates B and C, while both have 5 equally spaced rings of the same size, the ridges of the outermost ring are more rounded, with plate B ending in a 6th much wider peripheral casing (hood). Plate C, with only 5 rings, is inserted into a recess with an external set of slots, like curved turbine blades t, which are an integral part of plate D (Fig. 21.12). Although plates B and C are wave plates, plate D is flat and appears to be made of stainless steel, aluminum or silver-plated copper, containing turbine blades like gills around its perimeter. The slots (grooves) between the blades bend, first in one direction and then in the other; the blade of the blade itself has a pronounced wing shape. Attached to the bottom plate D is another component, the copper peripheral casing (hood) E, visible in Fig. 21.11, which in combination with the upper casing A directs the emissions of the central pulse generator down and below the device. This is also created by a concavity on the underside of the device by which it is pushed upward by the rapid expansion of previously dematerialized or highly cooled and compressed air.

When assembled, plates B, C and D are fixed together to the hub with 6 bolts and separated by spacers. Fairing E is attached to plate D. Both the outer casing A and plate B, on the other hand, are attached to the turbine blade array with 12 countersunk screws, plate C is attached to plate D with 6 screws. Here, given the electromagnetic and atomic reactions during operation, it is likely that the various components were partially or completely isolated from each other by washers, possibly made of rubber or other insulating material. The size of the hole in the cowling A would seem to confirm this, since it takes into account the inserts, the retaining screw and the insulating shells.

One caveat is the absence of a conical object in the center, shown on both prototypes in Fig. 21.6, which may be an essential and vital component; it was allegedly taken by the Russians from Schauberger's apartment in Vienna. If so, then this object was secured with a bolt screwed into the upper part of the central shaft, shown in Fig. 12.9. It is more likely that the model in question here was in fact prototype A because there appear to be no mounting points on the second ring of plate B corresponding to those on the hub of prototype B (Fig. 21.6). The fact that the center of this device completely covers the third ring further confirms that the rapid air consumption will be too small. In contrast to the higher center of prototype A, there are a large number of slots on the sides and top, which would allow free access of air to the slots in rings 2 and 3. What processes actually occur inside the central device can only be speculated. Its half-egg shape suggests an inverted arrangement of the nested Repulsine cups described earlier (Fig. 21.2), or some other form of central impulse generator to stimulate movement toward the center.

Before we look at the internal dynamics in more detail, it is necessary to interpret the above mentioned term "dematerialization compression", for which we must turn to basic physics. In particular, to the characteristics of the three most widely known nuclear particles - electrons, protons and neutrons, which, respectively, have the following external charges and relative atomic masses: Electron, charge (-), 0.000549 kg; Proton, charge (+), 1.007277 kg; Neutron, charge (zero), 1.008665 kg. Since the neutron carries no external charge, any internal positive and negative charges are assumed to cancel each other out, i.e. there is no measurable external electrical charge. According to modern theory, since a neutron has zero charge, it is able to penetrate the open structure of an atom and thus, through the bombardment of one neutron, a given element can be transformed into one of the next with a higher atomic number. Moreover, this "uncharged" neutron is capable of generating a magnetic field, although the origin of its "magnetic field" is still a mystery.

Let's take another understanding from Viktor Schauberger's book and turn the modern understanding 180° so that if the neutron, which we observe to pulsate rhythmically and have magnetic properties, is actually considered to be a magnetic or biomagnetic quantity, then the whole picture changes, and many things become clearer and more understandable. Instead of a discrete subatomic particle, it can be viewed as an all-pervading, ever-moving force, the vibrant life force of the atom, through which the atoms themselves can evolve from hydrogen to uranium. The neutron becomes the key energy form that binds nuclear particles together and which, in pulsations with whole rhythms (number), represents the essence - the neutron, resonating with electric fields and protons like an electron so that it forms stable and stable atomic structures.

This whole description is very reminiscent of the work of Dewey Larson, in which he neutron called a unit of time movement. And as N. Kozyrev said, time is an all-creating and all-destroying force, when it ends, in our world.

Trying to look behind the curtain, Dr. Shefik Karagalloy confirms the magnetic nature of the neutron, he also describes it as a “connecting echo sounder”, i.e. the highest form of vibrational energy, but not particles. As follows from the above, it is this binding ability that transforms the material base of the hydrogen atom (1 proton + and 1 electron -) into atoms of a higher level. Without the formation of the latter and their subsequent combination (unification) into molecules, there will be no life, there will be no physical structures of any kind, they become impossible. Therefore, magnetism or biomagnetism becomes synonymous with the word revive, reviving neutron energy in the energy spheres of neutrons, thus we see that water has a similar function in the physical (material) world.

Moreover, if the existing interconnected activity of the neutron is inhibited, such processes as occur in paraffin, for example, the result will be radioactive decay, which reduces human health and stability if the regular "pulsations" of good drinking water are stopped. It must also be remembered that this biomagnetism is a manifestation of levitation, which is responsible for the “purity and health in the highest manifestation” of all organic life. When the lifting vital force decreases, the force of gravity increases. It is curious that the sum of the masses of an electron and a proton is 1.007826 kg, which is 0.000839 kg less than the mass of a neutron of 1.008665 kg. This provides further evidence for the slight superiority of magnetism over electricism if life continues and evolves upward.

Taking into account the above, we will now try to analyze the processes taking place that could allow the “saucer” to fly. Leaving aside the unknown role of the egg-shaped central device, what can happen is that due to the high rotation speed of the central pulse generator, air is drawn into the coil cavities between plates B and C through slot rings 2 and 3 on plate B, where it is subjected to an initial powerful centrifugal force forces that cause axial-radial acceleration of air molecules from the center. In addition to this, the centrifuged air moves rapidly up and down, while at the same time forming a rigid radial-axial vortex at each turn in the wave cavities, which increasingly cools and concentrates it. This oscillating air also causes the two enclosing wave plates to vibrate in response, much like a loudspeaker diaphragm, further enhancing the rapid emulsification of gaseous substances.

Subjected to increasingly higher speeds and forces in this central impulse generator, the air molecules experience pronounced cooling and increasingly extreme concentration through the simultaneous interaction of centrifugal and centripetal forces. As we wrote earlier, converting air to water produces an 816-fold reduction in volume and at lower speeds of the central pulse generator may well exclude some water from the result. The void created by this reduction in volume produces an increasingly powerful suction action. This happens so quickly that an area of ​​atmospheric rarefaction, or partial vacuum, is created directly above the saucer. As this process continues, and at high speeds of about 20,000 rpm, the vacuum and condensation become intense. In fact, in the central pulse generator the intensity of condensation is so great and, as a consequence, the molecular packing density is so strong that molecular and nuclear bonds, energy and valence are affected, which causes the effect of anti-gravity. In addition to molecular contraction, a point will be reached where a large number of electrons and protons, with opposite charges and directions of rotation, are forced to collide and annihilate each other. The order of energy decreases rather than increases, and the basic building blocks of atoms are forced upward, they are, as it were, extruded from the physical and virtual state.

In other words, they have been compressed back into their 4th dimension of origin, creating what Schauberger calls a "void" in the physical matrix, which in turn increases the internal suction of air to fill it. This is not an inert, empty void, but a living vacuum of enormous potential, for all that it now contains is pure neutron energy (neutrino), which, in the light of the above, must be the most primordial life essence associated with it and, therefore, coming from higher, more sublimely dynamic realms, such as the 5th dimension. Freed from the functions of magnetic "cement", the dematerialized particles now interact and energize the atomic nuclei of their physical diamagnetic counterpart, the copper components of the flying saucer, endowing them with anti-gravity properties that contribute to the rise of the "ship".

Another factor in levitation is the release of a tightly compressed emulsion of molecules and atoms that have not been “virtualized.” Passing through the slots of the wing of the turbine blades t, which conduct them and separate them until they exit between the outer A and inner E casing (hood, fairing), they subsequently expand with enormous speed in the area under the saucer, creating strong pressure, which directs it further upward into area of ​​rarefaction created above. In addition, a luminous bluish-white haze appears, radiation akin to ionization. In this case, since there is no obvious thermal effect other than extreme cooling, we attribute this to triboluminescence, biomagnetic phenomena.

Protons and electrons, from various elements in a dense gaseous emulsion, quickly return to their previous comfortable orbits after being released, and in doing so they emit a cool biomagnetic glow. The final point concerns the issue of self-rotation. This is still problematic because the key factor is the direction of rotation, which was discussed above and was counter-clockwise, it may actually be the other way around, clockwise when viewed from above. According to strictly aerodynamic principles, the rapid passage of an air emulsion through the turbine blades of the wing shape (Fig. 21.12) and its subsequent blowing (expulsion) should create a "lift" in a clockwise direction. This direction may indeed be correct, for by virtue of the enormous magnitude of the forces in question, in the matter of extreme suction, extreme compression, extreme expansion, and in a sense an intense vacuum, a supply of gaseous fuel is created, so that the apparatus may disobey established laws and self-accelerate.

On the other hand, the levitation effect was produced through other means. The top "saucer" portion appears to be securely attached to the bottom heavy metal cast portion containing the driveshaft and gearbox. There is no evidence of any quick release mechanism by which the top can be released from the bottom, allowing the "disc" to rise autonomously. From this, it follows that it was in a state of self-rotation, and was intended to produce energy, as mentioned earlier. However, due to the extreme strength of the levitation energy generated by it, it could rise by accident rather than by design. Referring to the findings of Professor Ehrenhaft regarding the light-induced movement of small particles and the effect of magnetization of light on matter, where it was found that the forces involved in the spiral movement of a particle are 70 times stronger than gravity, this may create the effect of lifting the device. This machine has been reported to emit a halo

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