We figured out Sadovaya, we will get acquainted with the diseases of our favorite.

Strawberries are an indispensable attribute of most gardeners' plots. But culture is fragile, delicate.

Not only is the taste delicate, the plant also needs support: numerous strawberry diseases plague the plantings.

The berry itself will not cope with any immunity.

Therefore, the plant will have to be nurtured and undead all season: from awakening to the end of the growing season. Also prepare carefully for wintering.

A true lover of aromatic berries and other plants is not afraid of difficulties. He is a cook, nanny and doctor for the garden guests.

Proper care will be provided.

Strawberry ailments

Garden strawberries are affected by diseases common to different crops. They appear on it in a specific way.

They must be overcome by knowing the biology of the culture and the characteristics of the diseases.

Strawberries do not tolerate the disease well, and emergency treatment is necessary.

Gray rot

A fungus that grows rapidly, like a fire. Just as quickly, gray rot turns the berries into “ashes” - they become covered with a coating of silver-gray mycelium, rotting from the inside.

The disease is resistant to a wide range of temperatures. The spores can withstand the heat of summer and winter frosts.

They seem to preserve themselves, waiting for favorable conditions.

And favorable for the fungus - here it is unoriginal - heat and moisture, coupled with temperature changes between day and night.

Tomatoes, grapes, other berries and vegetables - gray rot affects everything, it is not picky.

The disease can destroy all or almost the entire crop. There are no varieties resistant to rot. But some are less affected.

• Ruby pendant;
• Mitze Schindler;
• New.

By observing breeding innovations, a gardener can choose an interesting variety that is less susceptible to gray mold.

Fungal spores are weightless and easily spread by wind. They also pass from the soil to the plant itself or its berries.

A very unpleasant harmful disease. But there is also control over this.

There is a whole complex of control measures, the result will justify the work.

Gardeners fight strawberry disease like this:

• Mulching. Mulch is chosen that is resistant to rotting, for example, pine needles. The technique cuts off the pathogen from the plant. In addition, the needles contain phytoncides. This keeps the mulch, which is unappetizing for fungus, intact longer.
• Timely removal of last year's mulch. During the winter, phytoncides disappear, the cover can rot, and the infection hibernates underneath it. Early in the spring, all this is raked up and burned. Mulch is needed, but fresh.
• Choosing a location. Choose comfort for the plant, while simultaneously creating discomfort - gray rot and other fungi. Place the strawberries in a sunny, ventilated place. The size of the plot should provide for an unthickened planting. Eliminate “stagnant” places from the layout: neither moisture nor air should stagnate in the strawberry plot.
• Watering. Do not think that intensive watering will add juiciness to the berries or make them larger. Water moderately, do not nurture the fungus. Strawberries rot very quickly. Flowering strawberries are watered only at the root, preferably with standing, non-cold water. Sprinkling or cold watering provokes the incidence of gray mold.
• Fertilizer application. You can add them. Even necessary. But you need to navigate which ones are appropriate. Organic matter always means nitrogen, and there is always a risk of fungal infections. But phosphorus and potassium are good fertilizers for strawberries. The “fed” bush strengthens and becomes more resistant to the attacks of any disease. Nitrogen (organic) can be applied in small quantities two years before strawberries in crop rotation. Otherwise, not only will the soil become infected, but also the strawberry bush will “go into the leaf” - it will drive out the powerful leaf mass to the detriment of the berries. Moreover, the shading will increase. Mineral nitrogen is applied to a minimum in the year preceding planting.
• Application of agrofibre. Black fiber is used. The berries do not come into contact with the infection in the soil. They don't rot. The fiber breathes and allows moisture from watering and rain to pass through.
• On diseased plants, the berries are cut off along with the stalk and burned (you can douse them with bleach). Diseased residues should not be placed in compost.
• Sprinkling ash on the soil on the plot gives good results. Disinfects and blocks gray rot mycelium.
• Periodically ventilate the plantings, reducing watering and allowing the soil to dry out.

It is not possible to completely eradicate a fungal infection, but you can keep this scourge in check.

Powdery mildew

The disease is caused by the fungus Oidium. There are few crops that this harmful fungus cannot reach.

Strawberries are suffering greatly. Diseases of garden strawberries are mainly of a fungal nature; the crop is susceptible to fungal attack.

Powdery mildew affects the entire plant. He starts from scratch.

The plaque on the bottom of its plate is not immediately noticeable. Therefore, inspect the bushes, especially in warm, humid years that are favorable for the fungus.

At first it is a white coating, similar to a cobweb. If you look closely, you can see spore spots on it.

Unnoticed in time, powdery mildew spreads rapidly. The spots on the leaves turn brown, and the plaque spreads to the rest of the strawberry bush.

Stems, flowers, berries, peduncles - everything is strewn with a powdery coating, which soon causes rotting. Curled leaves dry out.

Diseases of strawberry leaves are common. Septoria is one of them.

The disease is recognized by the appearance of the spots; they are specific. At first - small, but already with a border. The color of the entire spot is reddish-brown.

As the disease progresses, its characteristic symptoms become more pronounced:

• The spots increase;
• Their color changes: the spots become gray or a whitish coating appears;
• The border around the edge remains, the color remains red-brown;
• The disease affects the petioles, forming elongated spots. Color - like on the leaves;
• Some of the leaves heavily affected by septoria die off. The yield is greatly reduced, and its quality suffers.

White spotting of strawberries is extremely common due to the pathogen's ability to withstand a wide range of temperatures.

Septoria develops at low temperatures above zero and at high temperatures too.

The fungus can easily withstand both 5° and up to 35°. Therefore, it is found everywhere where strawberries are.

Septoria loves the “golden mean” more. It is most harmful when it is warm, but not hot.

Another condition: a humid environment. The warm rainy season will trigger an outbreak of diseases, be on alert.

The fight against white spotting includes agrotechnical techniques, general - agrotechniques common for fungal infections.

Those techniques for eradicating gray rot and powdery mildew.

The “copper component” of the fight against fungus remains relevant. Bordeaux mixture is used widely and successfully.

The deadlines are the same:

• Beginning of the growing season;
• Budding;
• Post-harvest period;
• Before leaving for the winter.

Strawberries respond to treatment with copper preparations gratefully and recover well.

Brown spot

And again the fungus, the scourge of our sweet berries, now in a different guise.

This disease also stalks strawberries in all regions. Wherever, at whatever latitude, strawberries grow, protection from disease is one of the first concerns of the gardener.

She loves her fungus as much as we do. Sometimes he turns out to be quicker, then the harvest is “not ours.”

Signs of the disease:

• The spotting is not quite “brown”. Initially, white spots are characteristic (leaves are affected). These spots are on the upper plate of the leaf; they darken later.
• At this stage, the lower plate is already affected by the fungus and covered with a brown coating.
• Sparse at first, later the spots densely dot the leaf.
• The leaf dries out.

Brown spot does not affect strawberries. But it can reduce the yield by half, disrupting their nutrition.

It is better to start the fight against the disease with safe folk methods at hand.

The main thing is to detect the problem in time.

Potassium permangantsovka. The solution is taken weak. To ensure that there are no undissolved crystals left that can leave burns on the foliage, first dilute potassium permanganate in a small amount of water.

It is advisable to do this in a neutral (glass) container. The drug is taken at the tip of a knife, for example, onto a liter jar. The solution turns out intensely colored.

After thoroughly stirring the crystals (some will not dissolve immediately, they will settle), add the concentrated solution to water - take 10 liters of it.

Bring to a pale pink color. This is a working solution and can be sprayed.

Cover the remaining concentrate with a lid and leave for the next processing.

Potassium permanganate is non-toxic, process as needed. But we usually skip the flowering phase; there is no need to interfere with pollination.

Iodine solution. The antiseptic iodine works not only in medicine, it is also applicable in phytopathology.

Shows good effectiveness in killing fungi.

To slow down the development of brown spot, it is enough to feed strawberries in the spring with a weak (3 drops of iodine, a bucket of water) iodine solution.

This will improve the nutrition and condition of the plants, and protect them from spotting.

Additional autumn treatment allows for a higher concentration of the drug. Increase it to 15 drops and water the strawberry plot in late autumn.

Ash. An ash or ash-soap solution is good and universal, working on all crops.

Leave a glass of ash in a bucket of water for a day. Spray with the strained solution.

You can add shavings of laundry soap dissolved in warm water. Ash is a fertilizer and can be mulch.

It only benefits strawberries. There is no harm to humans either.

Agrotechnical methods of protection are the same for any type of fungus. Competent care blocks the road to many diseases at once.

Rhizoctoniosis

Garden strawberries also have a problem that you won’t notice right away. Black rot (rhizoctoniosis) affecting the roots.

The pathogen is also a fungus. Black root rot begins its dirty work from young roots. It affects them focally.

But the fungus grows quickly and takes over the entire root system. This specialization does not give the plant a chance to develop.

The mushroom is “polyphagous” - it lives on different crops, is tenacious, and harmful.

If the lower leaves have turned brown, and a weak force on the bush allows you to easily remove it (without roots), this is rhizoctonia.

The fight against the disease is made difficult by the indiscriminateness of the fungus in its diet.

It is difficult to plan crop rotation so that there is no carrier of black root rot nearby.

Among the control measures:

• Crop rotation: return strawberries to their original place at intervals of 5 years, do not plant after crops susceptible to the disease;
• Cleanliness of the site - remove weeds, including their remains before wintering;
• Disinfection of planting material (warming in water, treatment with antiseptics);
• Treatment with fungicides (autumn, spring, summer);
• Take “like with like” – use fungal fungicides. Trichoderma is a fungal drug. It protects and frees the soil and, accordingly, plant roots from pathogenic fungi. It is effective to apply Trichoderma using drip irrigation.

By following the agricultural practices adopted for strawberries, you will further reduce the risk of black root rot appearing on the crop.

Wilt (Verticillium wilt)

The pathogen is extremely resistant. The spores are viable in the soil for a quarter of a century (!) – as long as 25 years.

The disease is also of fungal etiology. The distribution routes are varied. The spores are microscopically small and invisible.

They are carried on a tool, with planting material, and can even “arrive” on the gardener’s shoes.

Dwarfism of the bushes appears. The bush usually does not survive to fruiting.

Typical wilt flow:

• Leaf spotting - the formation of dark spots on them;
• The appearance of necroticity: leaf tissue dies between the veins;
• The older leaves below are affected and die first;
• A severely affected strawberry plant dies.

Sometimes the bush “burns out” in three days, but it can wither for two years.

It depends on the resistance of the particular variety, weather conditions, even the type of soil.

Diagnostic test: cross section of the plant. Brown vessels are visible on it with verticillium wilt.

Control of verticillium:

• Agricultural technology - compliance with the necessary measures to prevent pathogen access to the plant;
• Reasonable crop rotation;
• Cleanliness of the site;
• Burning affected bushes;
• Correct selection of green manure predecessor;
• Selection of resistant varieties;
• Biological methods - treating seedlings with biological products that prevent the development of the fungus;
• Application of fungicides. Sometimes this is necessary. Fumigation is carried out in the greenhouse - treatment with gaseous fungicides that disinfect the soil. In the area outside the greenhouses - spraying of plants with systemic (penetrating into tissues) fungicides. These are “Fundazol”, “Benorad” - use according to instructions.

Strawberry diseases are mainly fungal in nature. Therefore, control measures are rarely specific.

They are aimed at destroying the fungus, and fungi often prefer the same conditions.

Therefore, by fighting one, you are preventing others.

Strawberries, like all living organisms, need protection and help. Try to save her. Then it won’t upset you, all your hard work will be paid off with the joy of a healthy harvest.

See you soon, dear readers!

Strawberry diseases and pests can cause significant damage to the crop. Identification, treatment and prevention of diseases of strawberries (garden strawberries), pest control are important and necessary procedures for caring for the berry crop. You will find a list of such diseases with photos and descriptions of treatment methods below.

There is a certain set of strawberry diseases that are easily recognized by their symptoms.

White rot

The cause of this disease lies in excess humidity and coolness.

Characteristic symptoms:

• leaf lightening;
• rotting of leaves and fruits;
• the appearance of a white coating on leaves and berries.

In addition, the disease can spread due to unhealthy seedlings and soil. The infection sometimes remains in the soil from the previous year. Preventive measures against white rot include weeding, loosening and fertilizing the soil, and timely burning of fallen leaves and grass.

If affected by the disease, it is necessary to use special drugs, for example, “Chorus” or “Svitich”.

Black rot

This disease usually appears in hot and humid weather. The peculiarity of black rot is that it affects only the fruits of the crop. The strawberries darken, become watery, and become covered with a black coating.

For preventive purposes, strawberries are planted only in high beds, in places that are well ventilated and illuminated.

The berries and soil are fertilized with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. You also need to limit the amount of nitrogen fertilizers. Berries affected by rot are immediately collected and destroyed.

A common disease among various varieties of strawberries is gray rot.

Favorable conditions for the spread of the disease are warmth and moisture. If affected by gray rot, more than half of the crop can be lost. In order to prevent disease, the crop should be planted in non-wetlands, well ventilated.

Characteristic signs of gray rot:

• the appearance of brown and reddish spots from plaque on the berries;
• drying of berries;
• gray and brown spots on the leaves.

To prevent the appearance of this disease, the plant must be looked after in a timely manner, weeded, and fertilized. Remove and burn all leaves in the fall. It is also useful to plant onion or garlic bushes between the strawberry rows, which counteract gray rot.

For preventive purposes, before the strawberries begin to bloom, the plant must be treated with Bordeaux mixture. In case of illness, special means such as “Barrier” are used. All affected leaves and berries are removed and burned.

Root rot

The danger of this disease is that it cannot be detected immediately. Rot spreads first on young roots, then moves to stems, leaves, fruits and peduncles.

There are no treatments for this disease; in this case, you need to dig up the entire strawberry bush and destroy it. The plant will not bear healthy fruits and will infect other bushes. The soil is cleaned and disinfected.

For preventive purposes, in addition to plant hygiene, the soil should be treated with Trichodermin solution in early spring, and Fitodoctor in late autumn.

Powdery mildew

This is a fungal disease that affects almost all vegetable and fruit crops.

Symptoms of powdery mildew on strawberries:

• dust-like spots on the underside of the sheet;
• leaf wrinkling;
• drilling and drying of ovaries;
• white coating on fruits;
• fruit rotting;
• death of the mustache.

As with other strawberry diseases, powdery mildew is caused by excessive moisture and heat.

Methods for preventing and treating strawberries:

• planting healthy seedlings;
• disinfection of seedlings and soil with copper sulfate;
• treating the plant with Topaz;
• fertilizer with minerals;
• weeding;
• removing dead leaves;
• treating the diseased bush with a solution of soda ash and whey.

White spot

A common disease among strawberry varieties. Characteristic symptoms are expressed in the appearance of red-brown dots on the leaves, which over time grow into brown spots. The leaf dries out and becomes holey.

White spot is a fungus that grows when exposed to moisture and heat. The fungus infects more than half of the plant's leaves, which negatively affects the yield.

Preventive and therapeutic measures:

• maintain air ventilation by removing mustaches and loosening the soil;
• promptly remove and burn weeds and fallen, dead leaves;
• treat the plant with Bordeaux mixture three times per season;
• when fungus appears, limit nitrogen and organic fertilizers;
• treat with fungicides containing copper.

Black spot

This disease is also called anthracnose. The causative agent of the disease is an ascomycetes fungus, which literally eats the entire plant, from the roots to the berries.

The fungus appears in rainy weather, as well as with irrigation water, household fertilizers and contaminated soil.

Description of symptoms:

• brown spots that subsequently form holes;
• dark spots with a light core on the shoots;
• stem dying;
• drying of stems and leaves;
• black spots on berries.

There are many drugs that can kill anthracnose. This is a Bordeaux mixture, Thiovit-jet, Metaxil, Quadris. At the stage of the disease, the introduction of nitrogen and organic matter is limited.

Brown spot

This disease is also caused by a fungus during hot and humid weather.

The disease can be recognized by the following signs:

• the appearance of brown spots on the leaf;
• merging small spots into one;
• the appearance of black pads with spores on the outside of the leaf.

In addition to traditional care procedures, it is necessary to treat the plant with phosphorus-potassium preparations. The fungus is destroyed by spraying with Fitosporin.

Late blight

One of the most dangerous strawberry diseases. Without care and treatment, the entire crop may die. The main symptoms appear on the fruits: dark spots, drying out, rotting.

Stems and leaves also dry out and die. In addition to standard care procedures, preventive and therapeutic measures include treatment with Topaz, Euparen, and Switch.

This disease is also called fusarium wilt. If affected, the stems and leaves change color and become brown. An ovary does not form on a diseased bush, and the plant gradually dies.

Usually the disease appears in extreme heat and affects not only strawberries, but also the weeds around it, and is deposited in the soil.

Prevention methods:

• weed control;
• soil fertilization;
• soil disinfection.

It is possible to treat the plant if the disease is detected at an early stage of its development.

In this case, the following drugs are effective:

• "Phytodoctor";
• "Fundazol";
• "Trichodermin";
• "Horus."

Strawberry pests and their description

In addition to diseases, garden strawberries can also be affected by harmful insects, which must be combated in order not to lose the harvest.

This insect is microscopic in size, which is why it is invisible. Characteristic signs of the presence of a nematode: curled strawberry leaves and irregular shape of the berries.

The plant itself becomes lethargic and fragile. To prevent the appearance of insects, you need to plant healthy seedlings, and the adult plant is treated with insecticides:

• copper sulfate;
• "Urea";
• "Vitaros";
• "Maksim".

The insect is dark gray in color, up to 3 mm long. This insect spends the winter under the soil or fallen leaves, and comes out in the spring. The weevil feeds on the leaves of strawberries, wild strawberries and raspberries, gnawing through them.

When the fruits appear, the insect eats them too. It is impossible to get rid of it; it is important to spray it before flowering begins. The drugs “Karbofos”, “Confidor”, “Decis” are used.

This insect has a light green color and a short, wide proboscis. The length of the weevil is up to 12 mm. It harms garden strawberries by eating the roots, as a result of which the plant weakens, dries out and dies. They also fight insects with drugs: “Karbofos”, “Confidor”, “Decis”.

An oblong oval tick that is white in color and becomes yellow as it matures. This is a dangerous pest that eats strawberry leaves and also lays larvae there that suck out the cell sap. The berries become smaller, the leaves curl and wrinkle.

The plant is treated with “Grey colloidal” in early spring, as soon as young leaves appear.

Before flowering, spray with the drug "Neoron". If there are a lot of insects, then treatment is carried out with Karbafos. Traditional methods include treatment with an infusion of garlic or onion peels before flowering begins.

Spider mite

In addition to the classic symptoms of insect damage, cobwebs are observed on the leaves. The drug "Karbafos" is also used as a treatment.

This insect, also called the spinning top, is a difficult-to-control pest that attacks more than half of the berries in an entire season.

The mole cricket is brown in color and reaches 6 cm in length. Using its front paws, it digs the ground and lays up to 400 larvae in the ground. Both mole crickets and insects emerging from eggs feed on strawberry roots. As a result, the plant withers and dies.

An effective assistant in the fight against mole crickets is a bird. But in case of severe insect damage, only chemicals can help. The soil is watered with water with the addition of a solution of “Zolon”, “Marshall”, “Aktara”, “Bazudin”.

Among folk methods, luring insects to the surface using jars with honey is popular. Marigolds, calendula and chrysanthemums planted around also repel mole crickets well.

This is a small insect that can be black, brown or green in color. Aphids settle in entire colonies and eat the stems, leaves and flowers of strawberries. As a result, the plant weakens, a sticky mass and yellow spots appear on the leaves. The fruit does not develop from the peduncle.

Aphids are destroyed using the preparations “Karate”, “Shar Pei” and “Nurell”. Folk remedies include soap solution and tobacco decoction.

March 27, 2016, 10:56

1. STRAWBERRY ANTHracnose

If infected with anthracnose, you can completely lose the entire crop. The disease is dangerous because after plant infection it may not manifest itself for a long time.

The disease affects the entire plant. Small, oblong, depressed, red-brown, then black ulcers appear on the tendrils and in the upper part of the petioles of young unfolded leaves. Gray round spots with a diameter of up to 3 mm appear on the leaf blades. The spots are surrounded by a purple border. Merging, they cover a significant part of the surface, the leaf dies. Flowers and fruits become infected from affected leaves and tendrils. The flowers look scorched and die. The fungus penetrates the receptacle of the ovary through the stamens. The fruit calyxes become discolored. On unripe fruits, single or group, depressed, dark brown to black spots with a diameter of 1.5-3 mm appear. As they dry, they acquire a chocolate-brown hue. On ripe fruits, depressed, rounded bronze-brown spots with a distinct edge are observed, then blackening spots of hard dry rot. The achenes darken, the lesion spreads cone-shaped inside the berry to a depth of 1 cm and has the appearance of a “dent from the thumb.”

Gray spots and cankers form on the stems, also surrounded by a purple border. As the disease progresses, these spots merge. Thus, the plant is covered with a uniform brownish tissue, which cracks by autumn. The fruit clusters dry out along with the berries. This leads to the death of shoots.

In the presence of moisture, the affected areas of the berries are covered with a scab of mucous sticky spores of salmon-pink or yellow color. In dry weather, diseased berries shrink or mummify.

Anthracnose rot of strawberry horns leads to sudden wilting and death of plants. On the affected sections of the horns, reddish-brown, sometimes blackening stripes or pockets of dead tissue are observed.

Similar symptoms appear with late blight necrosis of horns. The roots of anthracnose roots turn brown and rot, as a result of which plant growth is inhibited and the leaves become chlorotic.

The pathogenic fungus can survive in the soil and on plant debris for up to 6-9 months. in temperate climates, but quickly dies in the tropics and subtropics. In addition to seedlings and other plant materials, the disease spreads on the hands of berry pickers, their clothes and shoes, tools, vehicles, wind-blown water spray, and insects. The disease is especially dangerous in greenhouses and film shelters, on highly fertile or overfertilized soils with nitrogen, and in dense, poorly ventilated plantings.

The best conditions for the development of anthracnose are excessive humidity in autumn and spring. The pathogen persists on the affected plants.

COMBAT MEASURES

The main thing in the fight against anthracnose is to use for planting guaranteed healthy seedlings grown in specialized regularly ventilated plantings. For mass therapy of seedlings before planting and disease prevention, you can use immersion of rosettes (for 30 minutes) in fungicide solutions. For prevention, all infected plant debris should be destroyed and only healthy seedlings should be used. When the first signs of plant disease appear, spray with anthracol, quadris and metaxil.

2. WHITE SPOT

White leaf spot is one of the most common diseases of garden strawberries. Several types of fungi are known to infect specific strawberry varieties.

The fungus attacks the generative organs (peduncles, stalks, sepals, cuttings) and leaves. With varying distribution, white spot can cause damage from 12% of the crop to its complete loss.

The most typical manifestations of the disease are spots of varying sizes that are clearly visible on the surface of the leaf. Initially, the spots are brown, small and most often round. As they increase in size, usually up to 3-6 mm, they become more oval. The dead tissue in the center of the spot clears up and takes on a gray-white color. A clearly visible red-brown outline remains around it. With severe damage, the spots can merge and cause the edges and even entire leaves to die, the flower stalks turn brown and bend to the ground.

Manifestations can be different and depend on the variety, type of pathogen and weather conditions, mainly temperature. During warm and humid weather, the spots are atypical; they remain rusty-brown in color, without a distinct frame. Severe damage to leaves leads to weakening of the plant, and in extreme cases even to its death. Typical manifestations of the disease in the form of light spots with a brown frame can also appear on the peduncle, on the flower itself, the tendrils and the ovary of the fruit. In conditions of high humidity during the flowering period, the plant sometimes becomes infected with the trunks, from which the fungus spreads to the developing seeds and the surrounding fruit tissue, thereby contributing to the appearance of dry, dead brown-black spots around the blackened affected seeds. Most often, one to several spots can be seen on the fruit. Affected fruits lose their marketable value.

The development of the disease is facilitated by rain, dew, watering, thickened planting, and the application of excess organic fertilizer.

COMBAT MEASURES.

On fruit-bearing plantations established from healthy seedlings, control with chemicals is unnecessary. If white spotting is detected, the plants are sprayed with Falcon, Euparen Multi, Switch and Bordeaux mixture. It is also recommended to collect and destroy affected leaves. On mother plantations, control with chemicals is mandatory throughout the growing season.

To prevent white spotting, plants are sprayed with Ordan in the fall, and with Falcon or Euparen when leaves grow in spring.

3. Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew affects leaf blades, leaf petioles, mustaches, and garden strawberries. Initially develops on the underside of the leaf blade. A delicate, inconspicuous white coating develops on the affected leaves on both sides. During the years of disease outbreaks, an abundant powdery coating forms, especially in the center of the bush rosette and on the tendrils. Diseased leaves stop growing, become leathery, rough, and the edges of the lobules curl inward. Later, brown necrosis or a brown “tan” on the underside appears on the affected areas of the leaves. Affected tendrils curl and have curly, chlorotic leaves.

Powdery mildew is hardly noticeable on buds, flowers and ovaries. However, during the flowering period of garden strawberries (strawberries), during their development, normal pollination and fertilization do not occur. The berries turn out to be underdeveloped and ugly, covered with a waxy coating, become dry, and acquire a mushroom smell and taste.

Powdery mildew requires moist, warm air to develop. Such conditions are created primarily in greenhouses, where it can cause the greatest harm. In areas with humid summers, powdery mildew also develops in open ground throughout the season and greatly depletes the plants.

The fungus reproduces by spores, which are spread by air currents and with planting material. To start plantations, you need to use healthy seedlings. The disease is less likely to occur when grown on high beds, in hanging and vertical crops.

Measures to combat powdery mildew:
When grown in open ground in areas of severe disease damage, preventive spraying with the preparation quadris during the spring regrowth of leaves. If signs of disease damage appear, spray strawberries after picking the berries with foundationazol, switch, and bayleton.

4. BROWN LEAF SPOT

Brown leaf spot is a common disease that causes mass damage in the second half of the growing season followed by death of leaves, as a result of which the plants weaken and this affects the winter hardiness of plants and the next year's harvest.

Brown leaf spot affects leaves, petioles, vines, sepals, stalks and berries of garden strawberries. Spots on the leaves form in June-July. At first they are round and purple, then in the central part they become gray-brown. Along the edges of the spots, a purple border persists for a long time. Later, the spots quickly increase in size, spread along the veins, between the veins, or from the edges of the leaves to the center and acquire an angular shape. Along the veins and on the surface of the spots in wet weather at the end of summer, pycnidia of the fungus are formed, forming many conids protruding from the pycnidia with light mucous tendrils. On the lashes of the tendrils and petioles of the leaves, the spots are brown, softening, and later become necrotic, and constrictions appear. Necrosis occurs on the sepals.

The fungus overwinters on the affected leaves of garden strawberries, causing new infections in the spring.

Preventative measures for brown leaf spot:
To prevent the disease, autumn spraying of garden strawberry plantations with the drug Ordan is effective. To start plantations, you need to use healthy seedlings. Preventive spraying during the period of spring leaf regrowth with Falcon, Quadris, Metaxil, or Ridomil. When growing strawberries in a biennial or perennial crop, spray with the same preparations after picking the berries.

5. BROWN SPOT

Brown spot is a common disease of garden strawberries, leading to the death of up to 30-50% of the active leaf surface of the leaves, which greatly weakens the plants. The disease reaches its maximum development in the second half of summer, during the formation of flower buds, that is, the formation of next year’s harvest. It affects leaves, petioles, tendrils, and, less commonly, sepals. The spots on the leaves are purple, small at first, later enlarging, angular or irregular in shape. When the leaf tissues die, they become brown in color. On their surface, black, shiny convex dots are located in disarray - the conidial beds of the fungus.

On the tendrils and leaf petioles the spots are small, slightly depressed, rarely with noticeable sporulation. Spores are spread by raindrops and insects. The most favorable conditions for the development of the fungus are created with high air humidity, moderate temperature and the presence of droplet-liquid moisture. The disease reaches its greatest development in the spring and at the end of the growing season of garden strawberries. The fungus overwinters on the affected leaves, forms spores in the spring and causes a new infection of healthy young leaves.

Measures to combat brown spot:
To prevent the disease, autumn spraying of plantations with the drug Ordan is effective. To start plantations, you need to use healthy seedlings. The disease is less likely to occur when grown on high ridges, in hanging and vertical crops. Preventive spraying during the period of spring leaf regrowth with the preparations Falcon, Euparen, Metaxil, or Ridomil. When growing strawberries in a biennial or perennial crop, spray with the same preparations after picking the berries.

6. WHITE ROT

White rot affects leaves and berries. The affected leaves first lighten, then dry out, and rot in wet weather; diseased berries rot. The surface of diseased leaves and berries is covered with a white coating consisting of mycelium and sclerotia formed on it.

The mycelium is resistant to drying out. In the summer, it performs the function of fungus reproduction. Its pieces are carried by air and, falling into damp places, produce vegetative mycelium. The fungus overwinters in the soil on plant debris in the form of sclerotia, on which a white coating of mycelium forms in the spring.

The best conditions for the development of white rot are created in damp and cool weather, especially in thickened and weedy plantings.

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to use only healthy seedlings for planting. The disease, as a rule, affects plants in open ground, but less often occurs when growing garden strawberries (strawberries) in greenhouses, on black film or in hanging and vertical crops.

Measures to combat white rot:
When the first signs of plant disease appear, spray with Derosal

7. GRAY ROT

Gray rot is widespread. In some years with humid, warm weather, during the harvesting period, the disease can affect 30-60% of the berries. It develops especially quickly and en masse in dense, poorly ventilated areas, with long-term cultivation of garden strawberries (strawberries) in one place. Foci of infection are old leaves, weeds, and damaged berries.

It affects berries, leaves, buds, flowers, stalks, ovaries and entire inflorescences. Berries are most typically affected. Softened, brown, rapidly enlarging spots with a grayish fluffy coating of pathogen spores on the surface form on them. The affected berries gradually dry out and mummify. Large, vague, dark gray or brown spots appear on the leaves. In humid weather, a gray coating of conidial sporulation appears on them. The stalks and ovaries become ringed with brown, weeping spots and later dry out.

To start plantations, you need to use healthy seedlings.

Measures to combat gray mold:
The disease is less likely to occur when grown on high ridges, in hanging and vertical crops. Contact of fruits with dry film and good ventilation reduce infection of berries with gray rot even in rainy weather by up to 2-5%.

Preventive spraying of garden strawberries (strawberries) during the period of spring leaf growth with Switch, Euparen, Topsin M or Derosal. In a rainy year in open ground, repeat spraying with one of these preparations immediately after flowering. Fungal spores are easily spread by wind and raindrops. During the summer, up to 12 generations of spores are formed. Therefore, it is unacceptable to leave berries and other parts of plants affected by gray mold on the site.

There are no completely resistant strawberry varieties to gray rot. Therefore, it is most profitable to grow strawberries as an annual crop, planting a plantation in the summer and uprooting it after harvesting.

8. PHYTOPHOROSIS (LEASON) ROT

One of the most harmful diseases of strawberries. Late blight (leathery) rot leads to a reduction in berry yield by 15-20%, and in some regions in some years it leads to almost complete loss of the harvest. Late blight (leathery) rot affects all above-ground plant organs: berries, buds, flowers, inflorescences, stem tips, growing points.

The fungus causes the greatest harm to berries. Brown, lilac-tinged, hard, leathery spots form on ripe berries. The affected pulp of garden strawberries (strawberries) becomes elastic and does not separate from the rest of the berry. Sick berries are bitter. Green fruits become covered with light brown spots with a darker center and a light border, and acquire a hard and bitter taste. All affected tissue is penetrated by the mycelium of the fungus, and summer (zoosporangia) and resting winter (oospores) spores are formed there. Gradually the berries dry out and become mummified.

The spots on the affected buds, flowers and inflorescences are irregular in shape and brown in color. Necrosis of the growth point is observed, through which the fungus penetrates into the upper part of the stem. At the same time, the stem turns brown, the bases of the leaf petioles and the rosette of the bush die. The fungus can penetrate into the roots, but rarely. In humid weather, a thick white coating of fungus forms on all affected organs, especially on berries.

The development of late blight rot is facilitated by the presence of drip-liquid moisture. Therefore, outbreaks of late blight (leathery) rot on garden strawberries (strawberries) are observed after rains and heavy dew. The disease appears at the end of May on rosettes and inflorescences, in June it is detected on buds and flowers. Late blight rot reaches its maximum development at the end of June - July, when the berries are severely affected.

The fungus overwinters in the form of resting oospores on infected plant debris in the soil, as well as in living rosettes of bushes.

Measures to combat late blight (leather rot):
The use of healthy seedlings, compliance with crop rotation, annual crops of garden strawberries (strawberries), the correct regime of watering and fertilizers. Spraying garden strawberries (strawberries) with Metaxyl, Ridomil, Quadris before flowering.

9. ROOT ROT

Root rot is caused by various pathogens. First, sharply demarcated areas of young, still white roots turn black, then black ringing, fast-growing spots appear. The roots become brittle and dry constrictions are found on them. Such plants lose part of the viable root system, are suppressed, bear fruit poorly, form weak lateral shoots or have almost none. The lower part of the rhizome, part of the rosette and leaf petioles gradually turn brown. Dry brown rot forms, plants are easily removed from the soil and die.

The disease is common in individual plots with a permanent strawberry crop, as well as when growing it after many years of cultivating potatoes or vegetable plants. Plants of different ages get sick, but mostly young ones. Rot appears throughout the growing season.

Measures to combat root rot:
Correct agricultural technology for growing strawberries is the most important measure to prevent the occurrence of disease. Strawberries should not be returned to the same place earlier than after 4-5 years. You cannot fertilize the soil with poorly prepared and unrotted composts from plant residues of potatoes, vegetables and weeds, where rhizoctonia sclerotia remain in the mass.

Preventive spraying with the drug Ordan in the fall. In spring, the use of Trichoderma through a drip irrigation system is effective.

10. Verticillium wilt

The disease can, if it occurs in the first year, cause wilting and death of 30-50% of plants by the second or third year. The fungus affects the vascular system, root collar, bush rosette and roots of garden strawberries. The diseased bush first “settles”, then radical lodging of the leaves begins. Small chlorotic leaves appear in the center of the bush, and the plant turns reddish-yellow. On a cut of a diseased rhizome, a brown ring of blood vessels is noticeable. In severely affected bushes, the vessels in the leaf petioles and tendrils also become stained.

The disease begins to manifest itself during the period of ovary growth.

The causative agent of verticillium wilt can live on many weeds and vegetable crops. They can also be a source of infection. The main source of infection is the soil, where the fungus remains viable for several years.

Measures to combat verticillium:
Correct crop rotation and selection of predecessors for strawberries, use of healthy seedlings. If signs of plant wilting appear, immediate laboratory analysis is required, and if plant damage to verticillium is confirmed, the plantation is sprayed with foundationazole, benorate preparations or the use of these preparations with irrigation water in a drip tube. In the early stages of the development of the disease, as well as for its prevention, the use of Trichoderma is effective.

11. Root blight(redness of the axial cylinder of the root)

Root blight (reddening of the axial cylinder of the root) affects the root system of garden strawberries (strawberries). It appears on the warm, dry days of May-June in the form of sudden wilting of the entire plant or its lower leaves. The disease is accompanied by redness of the axial cylinder of the root, which is most noticeable in the initial stage of the disease. Later, the lateral roots and small roots die off and only the larger ones remain, blackened in their lower part, similar to a “rat tail”.

The leaves of the roots of garden strawberry plants affected by late blight become bluish-reddish, and, starting with the older ones, wither. Young leaves of diseased plants become smaller. The pathogen survives in the soil as zoospores. Penetrating into the root hairs, zoospores give rise to mycelium, which, growing, fills the entire conductive tissue of the root. The mycelium is colorless, without partitions, intercellular. Develops in root wood.

Zoosporangia form on the surface of affected roots at high soil moisture and in water after rains and irrigation. Throughout the summer, they are formed in the core cylinder of the root, after the destruction of which the spores germinate into a sprout, giving rise to the primary zoosporangium.

The main source of infection is contaminated planting material and soil.

Measures to combat root blight:
The use of healthy seedlings, compliance with crop rotation, annual strawberry crops, soil treatment with Trichoderma through a drip irrigation system, the correct watering and fertilizer regime are the main measures to prevent this disease. If an infection is detected, treat the garden strawberry plantation with Metaxyl, Ridomil, Quadris through a drip irrigation system.

12. Fusarium wilt

A very harmful disease of garden strawberries. It affects the above-ground part of the bush and the entire root system. When infected, the bush gradually changes color, withers and dries out. The ovary on the affected bush does not develop. A diseased plant stops growing and dies. In the most affected bushes, the leaves and tendrils turn brownish. The most favorable conditions for the development of the fungus occur in the summer, especially in hot weather. Sources of infection can be weeds and some vegetable crops, as well as soil in which the fungus remains viable for several years on plant debris.

Measures to combat fusarium wilt:
Correct crop rotation and selection of predecessors for strawberries, use of healthy seedlings.

If signs of plant wilting appear, immediate laboratory analysis is required, and if plant damage to verticillium is confirmed, spray the garden strawberry plantation with foundationazol, benorate preparations, or use these preparations with irrigation water in a drip tube. In the early stages of the development of the disease, as well as for its prevention, the use of Trichoderma is effective.

13. Black rot

It affects garden strawberries (strawberries). Berries affected by the disease turn brown, become watery, lose their smell, taste and are initially covered with a colorless, later darkening coating, which is the mycelium of the fungus on which sporangia are formed. The causative agent of the disease develops on any rotting material, forming dark-colored spherical zygospores in the affected plant tissues. The development of the disease is promoted by high temperature and relative humidity above 85%.

Measures to combat black rot:
Growing strawberries in a cover crop, on high ridges, or in a vertical crop eliminates the need for chemical protection against this disease.

Chemical methods of control - autumn spraying of garden strawberry plantations with the drug Ordan, in the spring, with active leaf regrowth - spraying with Euparen, Switch.

Existing strawberry diseases and the fight against them are a priority issue for a gardener who wants to get rich harvests of this aromatic berry. There are known diseases of garden strawberries that are transmitted infectiously. These are mainly bacterial rot and fungus. Viral diseases of strawberries manifest themselves more acutely and can literally destroy the entire plantation in a matter of days. It is these strawberry diseases that are considered quarantine and after them a long period is necessary when the crop does not return to the site. All diseases of garden strawberries and the fight against them are described in detail in this article.

What are the diseases of garden strawberries?

Strawberries are most susceptible to fungal diseases. This situation is especially aggravated during the rainy period, when the air temperature drops, and in cloudy, sunny weather. The fungus can appear not only on the greenery of strawberry bushes; it affects both the roots and the berries themselves.

The most famous and common diseases of garden strawberries are:

• rot: white, gray, black, root and late blight;
• powdery mildew;
• Fusarium wilt of bushes;
• spotting: white, brown and brown.

A detailed description of these strawberry diseases with photos, as well as methods of combating diseases can be found below.

Basic rules for strawberry prevention

Almost every gardener has to deal with various strawberry diseases. To prevent the occurrence of diseases in your area, you must do the following:

• Use high-quality, healthy planting material.
• Choose the right varieties.
• Replace plants with new ones every 2-3 years.
• Fumigate the soil before planting.
• Thin out the plants after the entire crop has been harvested.
• Control weeds and pests.

Brown (angular) spotting of strawberries and methods of treatment

The pathogenic fungus mainly affects old leaves. Pycnidia, the overwintering fruiting bodies of fungi, form on the affected tissue. Overwinters in affected tissues and on infected plant debris.

How does the disease manifest? The disease appears in mid-summer and reaches its peak in mid-August to early September. Red-brown spots with a light center and a dark border appear on the leaf blades. Rapidly increasing along the veins or from the edge of the leaf to the center, they acquire an irregular angular shape. Gradually the spots become gray-brown, but the border remains. In hot weather, the affected tissue cracks and falls out. When leaf petioles and vines are damaged, oval brown spots and dry constrictions appear on them. When the stalks are damaged, the ovaries become brown and dry out. Wet weather contributes to the spread of the disease.

How to treat strawberries

1. When the disease appears after picking the berries, mow down all the foliage and spray it with Nitrafen before it grows back.
2. Before flowering and after fruiting, diseased strawberries are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
3. Treating the plantation with Ordan.

Traditional methods of treatment.

• Ash. 1/2 bucket of wood ash is poured into 10 liters. water, leave for 3 days. Bring the volume of the solution to 30 liters, add an adhesive (soap, milk, kefir) and spray the strawberries. Diseased strawberries are treated twice with a 10-day break.
• Kefir. 1 l. fermented kefir (yogurt, old fermented baked milk, etc.) is diluted in 10 liters. water and spray strawberry bushes. Carry out 2 treatments with an interval of 12-14 days.

White spotting of strawberries and methods of treatment

White spotting of strawberry leaves in most cases does not lead to the death of the plant, but is dangerous in that it can significantly deteriorate the marketable appearance of the berry.

Symptoms

The disease affects the outer side of the leaf: small dark spots with a white dot in the center appear on it. The edges of the spots are purple. If a significant number of such spots are concentrated on a leaf, they can grow, merging together.

White spot affects not only leaves, but also berries. A symptom of the disease is the formation of black dots on strawberries, which are localized in the area of ​​the seeds. Over time, the disease spreads to the soft tissues of the berry, and a black-brown skin forms on its surface.

Despite the fact that the pulp of the affected berries loses color, rotting does not occur with this disease. As a rule, white spot affects strawberries after heavy rains.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of this disease on strawberry leaves, it is recommended to spray with products containing copper or systemic preparations. Such preventive treatments should be carried out several times per season.

Fusarium wilt of strawberries and methods of treatment

The following signs will indicate the occurrence of this disease:

• the above-ground green part begins to change color and gradually becomes brown;
• ovaries do not form on the infected bush;
  plant growth stops and the bush gradually dies.

Prevention

• Using healthy seedlings.
• Correct crop rotation.
• Timely weed control.

Treatment

• If the disease was detected very quickly literally at the initial stage of development, then in this case it is recommended to use drugs such as “Phytodoctor” and “Trichodermin”. With more active development of the disease, “Chorus” and “Fundazol” are highly effective.

Gray rot of strawberries and methods of treatment

It is characterized by a fungal origin, but poses a serious danger to the crop due to its rapid spread, as a result of which the entire bed has to be removed.

The first signs are characterized by the appearance of brown spots on the stems, usually dry to the touch. The onset of the pathology is characterized by damage to the stalk, followed by infection of the surface of the berry. The fungal spore appears as a watery gray fluff.

The danger of gray rot is that its rapid development leads to the death of leaves, then berries, then the entire plant is affected and dies. At the initial stage, when the signs are still invisible, a decrease in productivity occurs, the level of endurance of temperature changes decreases, and weight loss occurs.

Gray rot develops in places where the humidity level is very high. At this place, mycelium and fungal spores form and grow. In strong winds, these spores are carried over long distances, which provokes infection of the entire garden bed, and can infect many garden crops.

The main method of control is timely prevention.

Avoid over-wetting the area and systematically loosen the soil. Remove diseased plants without regret. Bushes growing nearby can be treated with a mixture of wood ash, chalk, copper sulfate, water. Where they take one glass of chalk and ash, one teaspoon of vitriol, ten liters of water. This dose is enough to treat three square meters. Severe damage can be eliminated with fungicides - phytosporin-M, Bordeaux mixture will also help.

White rot of strawberries and methods of treatment

If there is a lack of heat and excess rain in the summer, then the strawberry bushes can be affected by a disease such as white rot. Its appearance is indicated by the lightening of leaves, which subsequently rot. A white coating appears on the leaves and the berries rot.

The spread of the disease is facilitated by dense plantings and weeds in the area.

The spread of this infection can be curbed if you use healthy seedlings for planting, observe the recommended distances when planting, and remove weeds.

Treatment

Drugs that inhibit the spread of rot - Horus or Svitich - help fight an outbreak of white rot.

Strawberry root rot and treatment methods

The disease begins with small black spots appearing on young roots, then all young roots turn black. Then the entire plant from the roots to the rosette becomes brown. Constrictions appear on the rhizome and it becomes fragile. Productivity decreases, bushes do not develop. Root rot infection is active throughout the plant's growing season.

Prevention

1. When laying beds and fertilizing plantings, use only well-rotted compost. In unripe compost prepared with the addition of weeds, the infection persists.
2. After the snow melts, the plantings are treated with the drug "Trichodermin"
3. Before leaving the plantation for the winter, it must be sprayed with “Phytodoctor”.
4. Strawberries should not be preceded by potatoes.
5. The place for planting beds should be sunny with well-warmed soil.

Treatment
Root rot disease has no cure. Infected plants are dug up and destroyed. The vacated space is disinfected.

Strawberry brown spot and treatment methods

It affects leaf blades, first forming brown edges on them, which over time develop into complete “browning” of the leaf. An infected culture slows down its development, and bags of spores form on its surface. The disease is long-term and sluggish: you may be convinced that the berries have recovered, but in the fall everything will happen all over again. It is important to regularly remove weeds and old diseased leaves. If you still “failed to protect yourself and caught the nasty thing,” after harvesting, treat the plantation with Fitosporin.

When studying strawberry diseases, you cannot miss fusarium wilt. Before it gets sick, the seedling turns brown, withers and dies. If it is possible to detect the fungus in the early stages, the culture can be saved with “Phytodoctor”, “Trichodermin”. Otherwise, the plantation is removed and replanting is possible only after 4 years.

Late blight of strawberries and methods of treatment

Late blight is dangerous because it quickly spreads from bush to bush and leads to the death of the plant. The disease affects the root system, leaves, petioles and peduncles. Brown spots appear on them, gradually rotting. Strawberry fruits suffer the most from the disease: the pulp becomes covered with brown leathery spots, the berries become hard, bitter, and mummified.

Note! The fungus overwinters on infected plant debris, as well as on living strawberry rosettes.

Measures to prevent and protect against this disease are the following:

• correct watering mode;
• use of varieties resistant to late blight;
• compliance with planting and crop rotation schemes;
• timely destruction of infected bushes and plant debris;
• treatment of plantings with Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, Abiga-Pik and Oxyx preparations.

Powdery mildew of strawberries and methods of treatment

The disease develops on leaf blades, petioles, tendrils and strawberries. First, a barely noticeable whitish coating appears on the underside of the leaves, which gradually moves to the upper part of the leaf, and then to other parts of the plant. The bush stops growing, diseased leaves become coarse and curl. The affected mustache also curls. The fruits take on an ugly shape, have a waxy coating and an unpleasant taste.

The following are distinguished as preventive and protective measures in the fight against powdery mildew:

• use of varieties resistant to powdery mildew and healthy seedlings;
• in areas with high humidity, planting plants on high ridges;
• preventive spraying with a soap-copper solution or Quadris;
• spraying of plantings after harvesting with Switch and Fundazol.

Black rot of strawberries and methods of treatment

Black rot affects only fruits, and its occurrence can be determined by the following signs:

• the berry becomes watery;
• strawberries lose their juicy color and become brown;
• the characteristic taste and aroma disappears;
• A colorless coating appears on the fruits, which becomes dark a little later.

Prevention

• The crop must be grown in high beds.
• The area should be sunny and well ventilated.
• For feeding, it is advisable to use manganese - 2 g per 10 liters. water.
• Do not apply too much nitrogen and organic fertilizers.

• If affected berries are found, they should be immediately removed and buried outside the garden plot. This technique will help prevent the spread of the disease.