Special equipment. All types of special equipment: photos, descriptions, services New types of special equipment

Currently, goods are transported not only by trucks and trucks. However, special equipment - trailers, semi-trailers, tanks - are also widely used to transport goods. The mentioned machines can be used not only independently, but also together with tractors.
Existing freight vehicles can be divided into two large groups: special and specialized equipment.
Special equipment is motor vehicles used in various fields. This includes the following types:
1. Concrete mixers.
2. Fire trucks.
3. Special vehicles of the Police of the Russian Federation.
4. Truck cranes.
5. Armored KamAZ trucks of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
And this is far from a complete list of special equipment.
Specialized technique is not the same as special technique. This is a vehicle intended only for cargo transportation. It may seem that there are few varieties of such techniques. But this is not at all true.
Dump truck
The most famous and widespread type of special equipment is, of course, a dump truck. It is designed to transport various substances, from bulk building materials to construction waste. The dump truck is a reliable and maneuverable machine. In addition, it has a considerable turning radius. The dump truck can carry a load weighing up to 40 tons, which allows it to cope with any construction work and can accelerate to 80 kilometers per hour.
Curtain side trailers and semi-trailers
This type of special equipment is the second most popular and is an on-board platform with a folding tailgate. As a result, it becomes convenient to load goods approved for road transportation - building materials, containerized cargo and certain types of animals. Flatbed trailers can transport cargo weighing no more than 20 tons. If you remove the awning from the trailer, it turns into a completely open platform with sides that fold down on the sides. In this case, loading and unloading goods will become even faster and more convenient.
Vans
The main purpose is to transport goods in all-metal bodies or semi-trailers. Due to the special design of the body, it can be filled to capacity. With its help, transporting any boxes, loads on pallets and boxes of fruit will be very convenient. The body is designed in such a way as to prevent damage to cargo during transportation.
Vans are divided into two types:
The purpose of an isothermal van is the delivery of goods that require strict temperature regime eg fruits, some types of food and medicines. Thanks to the heat-insulating material with which the body is sheathed, the temperature inside the van becomes lower than outside. And also the thermal insulation does not allow the outside to penetrate warm air. The main requirement for the proper functioning of an insulated van is tightness. The downside is that the van doesn't maintain temperature for long.
The purpose of a manufactured goods van is to transport food products, as well as other goods that do not require special conditions storage and transportation, for example, of bread, sugar, beer, cereals; also haberdashery and building materials in small quantities. It can support a load weighing up to 5 tons, and a semi-trailer van - up to 16 tons. Manufactured goods vans are also equipped with a hydraulic side, making loading and unloading easier.
Refrigerated van
Its purpose is the transportation of products such as, for example, meat, fish and semi-finished products from them, with negative temperatures. The difference from an isothermal van is that the refrigerator contains its own refrigeration machine, which creates and maintains desired temperature and can be started manually or automatically. The temperature inside the refrigerator can drop to minus-20 degrees. There is also a refrigerated semi-trailer that can support a load weighing up to 25 tons.
Refrigerated container
It is equipped with its own refrigerator and is installed on the platform of a container ship, which can support cargo weighing up to 30 tons, and also transports ordinary containers along with the refrigerated container. The temperature change limits are from plus 25 to minus 25 degrees. With the help of refrigerated containers, it becomes possible to deliver perishable goods over long distances. And standard containers are used to transport ordinary goods.
Timber trucks
They are designed for transporting wood and their products and can withstand a load weighing from 10 to 20 tons. But there are also models designed to transport heavier loads. Many timber trucks are equipped with manipulators and supports for stability. The cargo platform is located behind the driver's cabin.
Panel carriers
This is a narrow profile transport. Construction reinforced concrete slabs- this is the goods for which panel trucks are designed to transport. They can be up to 8 meters long, and can withstand a load weighing no more than 25 tons, and are also equipped with the same platform as timber trucks. Chains and stops on its sides ensure reliable securing of the load.
Car transporters
Their purpose is to transport a variety of vehicles. Car transporters are equipped with anti-roll devices and the same platform as timber trucks. The design of the car transporter consists of two tiers, thanks to which it can accommodate up to 10 cars. The car transporter is capable of supporting a load weighing up to 25 tons, and its length is most often 20 meters.
Low loader platforms
Their purpose is to transport goods with non-standard dimensions, and the length is most often 12 meters. They can withstand loads of up to 60 tons. Thanks to the low seating position, low loaders can pass under low-lying bridges, tunnels and wires.
Tank semi-trailers
Their main purpose is the transportation of alcohol-containing and various chemical liquids, various hazardous wastes, liquefied gases, milk and live fish. The maximum capacity exceeds several thousand tons. The tanks have high tightness.
Alcohol-containing liquids must be supplied in tanks with a heat-insulating layer, and petroleum products - in multi-layer tanks. Moreover, one of its layers is shockproof and filled with air.

Main types of special equipment

Construction equipment
Municipal special equipment
Road special equipment
Automotive special equipment

Construction special equipment is divided into:

For excavation work

Landscape leveling, excavation development, digging trenches for communications, soil transfer are possible with the help of: backhoe loaders, mini excavators, wheeled and tracked full-rotary excavators, bulldozers, motor graders.

For drilling operations

Drilling wells for water supply and soil exploration, industrial drilling, arrangement of wells for bored piles and supports is carried out using drilling and crane machines.

Handling equipment

During construction work There is always something to be lifted and moved. For this purpose, the following are used: loader cranes, truck and tower cranes, tracked and wheeled loaders, telescopic loaders, hydraulic lifts, winches.

Concrete equipment

Making and pouring concrete is a very difficult process, which takes place in several stages and each stage has its own special equipment! Concrete mixers, deep vibrators, trowels.

Equipment for driving piles

In order to drive piles and secure building structures well, various types of pile hammers are required: hydraulic, mechanical, diesel, air-steam.

Crushing and screening equipment

With the help of these machines, rocks are crushed and subsequently sorted by size.

Municipal special equipment

The main task of municipal equipment is to ensure cleanliness and order in the territory entrusted to them.

These works include activities such as:

Clearing the area of snow and debris and its subsequent removal
Watering asphalt
Spreading sand and reagents on roads and sidewalks

Equipment used for public works:

Backhoe loaders
Mini loaders with various attachments: brush, blade, etc.
MTZ tractors
Dump trucks
Watering, sand-spreading, snow removal machines

Agricultural special equipment

Used for sowing field and garden crops– seeders. Used for harvesting various combines, mowers, threshers. Dump trucks are used for transportation.

Recently, a lot of new agricultural equipment has appeared that is capable of performing many tasks at once, with the help of additional attachments. Because of this, farmers are beginning to reduce their fleet of equipment and use universal machines.

Road special equipment

This type of equipment is used for road work - this is the construction and repair of roads, from preparing the soil to laying the road surface.

Equipment used for road construction work:

Rippers, brush cutters
Backhoe loaders
Motor graders
Road, dirt, asphalt, mini rollers
Asphalt pavers, road milling machines

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Automotive special equipment

Used for transporting various specific cargoes - timber trucks, fuel trucks, refrigerators, automobile concrete mixers

This type of equipment, as a rule, is also used by various special services - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the fire department, and ambulance.

Types of special equipment: classification, what happens, types of work, services

Today there are more than a hundred types of special equipment. This includes machines with specialized functions, i.e. perform specific, often highly specialized tasks. A wide variety of types of special equipment are widely used in various sectors of construction, agriculture, manufacturing, warehousing and transportation. There are so many types of special-purpose equipment that it is difficult to find at least one industry that does not use special-purpose machines.

To provide wide range types of services, special equipment is used universal. Usually these are vehicles with a large load capacity and increased cross-country ability, on which various attachments can be installed. By changing the attachments, you can get a car with new capabilities.

The classification of different types of special equipment also includes a wide variety of highly specialized special vehicles. They are designed to perform a single task. Often such machines are not very mobile - they are assembled directly at the work site or delivered there using trucks. An example of this type of equipment is special equipment for quarrying, oil production, mining gas fields etc.

Classification of types of special equipment

To the main types of special equipment and machinery special purpose include the following:

road special equipment;
municipal vehicles;
all types of construction equipment;
agricultural machinery;
machines for production needs;
all types of automotive special equipment;
military vehicles;
fire special equipment;
medical machines;
trucks and special equipment for transportation;
truck cranes, truck towers and other lifting technology;
forestry equipment;
quarrying machines;
special equipment for oil and gas production.

There are quite a lot of types of classification of special equipment. The list of types of special equipment given above is also very conditional, since some points can be combined, while others can be described in more detail.

Can be found different ways classification of types of special equipment. But basically they group special-purpose vehicles according to the following criteria:

by type of mechanisms and structures;
by type of special equipment services (i.e. by the work for which they are intended).

Using such methods of classifying types of special equipment, you can accurately determine which group a particular special vehicle belongs to, as well as describe its functionality.

Types of special equipment work

The above list of types of special equipment gives only an initial idea of what kind of machines are used to perform special tasks. Let us dwell in more detail on some of the list items with types of special equipment and list which machines belong to each category.

Road special equipment

Among the most popular services and activities of special equipment, road work is always mentioned. Machines belonging to this category are designed for laying a new road surface, as well as for restoring damaged pavement. There are types of road special equipment for full cycle work - from removing stones and clearing the area where the road will pass, to rolling asphalt.

This class includes:

graders - they form a road profile, move soil using a moving knife with a blade, and develop slopes;
asphalt pavers - they distribute the asphalt concrete mixture and pre-compact it;
rollers - designed for final compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures;
marking machines - used for applying markings, there are manual and self-propelled;
demarkers - remove road markings.

Among the types of special equipment that provide additional services during road work, dump trucks, trucks (they often work in tandem with asphalt pavers, supplying the latter with the mixture), concrete mixers, etc. are used.

During road work, types of special equipment are also divided depending on the size of the machines. They can be compact - and intended for minor repairs or road construction in limited space - for example, on narrow city streets. On the contrary, large machines are used to lay multi-lane highways. This allows you to reduce road construction time and improve the quality of the road surface.

Municipal special equipment

Municipal equipment includes types of special equipment that is designed to maintain order and maintain urban infrastructure. This group includes:

garbage trucks;
watering machines;
vacuum cleaners;
washing equipment;
sewer trucks;
snow removal equipment;
machines for treating roads with reagents and sprinkling sand;
autotowers.

The balance sheet of utility companies usually contains different kinds special equipment for a wide range of work. Many machines are universal and are equipped with various attachments depending on the tasks assigned.

Of the specialized types of special equipment, machines for cleaning roads and sidewalks have been in great demand lately. In the second case, they are compact in size and very maneuverable. In their action, they resemble a vacuum cleaner, and rotating brushes help sweep up debris more effectively. To reduce the amount of dust, the cleaning machines are additionally equipped with a pavement wetting function.

Construction equipment

Among all types of special equipment, construction machines are the most numerous category, since minimizing manual labor is an important step to speed up construction and reduce costs. Such vehicles are produced with different carrying capacities, so a suitable option can be found for both private and multi-storey construction.

The main types of work for special construction equipment are as follows:

site development;
transportation of construction materials and solid waste;
preparation of construction mixtures;
lifting materials and lowering waste;
movement of materials within the construction site.

The most common types of construction equipment:

Excavators.

Taking into account the services provided, excavators are the most popular type of construction equipment. These are universal machines, many of which are equipped with interchangeable attachments. The excavator can be used for earthmoving work, as a front loader or motor grader.

The services of this type of special equipment include digging ditches and trenches, digging up stumps, leveling a construction site (not only removing stones and debris, but also eliminating slopes), unloading materials and collecting solid waste, moving bulk materials within the site, lifting loads to a small height ( within the second floor).

There are also highly specialized excavators: this type of special equipment provides one service, but other machines cannot perform this work.

Depending on the design features, excavators are:

wheeled,
tracked,
with loader function,
planning,
road,
bulldozers,
walking spider excavators,
with a straight shovel,
draglines,
chain,
rotary,
career,
urban (mini excavators).

Depending on the type of service, excavator-type special equipment can be used for other purposes, since the capabilities of these machines are truly limitless.

Bulldozers.

Representatives of this type of special equipment are used for digging, including layer-by-layer digging, moving all kinds of materials and loading them into fill, and leveling areas for construction sites. Bulldozers are structurally different from excavators, but in many ways their functions are similar. If we talk about universal types of construction equipment, then bulldozers are used when a large amount of work is expected. We told you how to choose the right spare parts for the DT-75 bulldozer.

According to the method of movement, bulldozers are divided into wheeled and tracked, and according to the principle of blade design - into:

with a fixed blade;
with a rotating blade (the position of the equipment changes in one plane);
universal (the position of the blade can be adjusted in several planes).

This type of special equipment such as a pipe-laying bulldozer is also used to provide highly specialized services.

Construction cranes.

For construction type activities, special equipment services are necessary. Especially if a building higher than two floors is being constructed. In this case, you cannot do without a construction crane or machines with similar capabilities.

There are a huge variety of lifting equipment. These can be mobile machines (both self-propelled and not), stationary equipment that is assembled one-time directly on site, with a platform, basket, hook or hook, etc.

Among the types of special equipment for lifting work, the following cranes are present:

automobile;
tracked;
short wheelbase;
tower;
assembly;
tower automobiles;
manipulators;
telescopic aerial platforms;
auto hydraulic lifts;
articulated lifts;
autolifts;
trailed;
mast

There are other lifting equipment, but other types of special equipment for lifting loads are quite rare.

Loaders.

This type of special equipment is used for loading and unloading operations, as well as for moving goods within a warehouse or construction site. Typically, forklifts are compact in size to make them easy to operate in tight spaces. They can feed from battery or liquid fuel, have different lifting capacities and types of lifting devices.

The main types of special equipment for loading work are as follows:

tractor front loaders;
skid steers;
tractor loaders with a rotating boom;
grab;
telescopic;
forklifts;
diesel forklifts;
electric forklifts.

We will not dwell on other types of special equipment for construction work - there are a huge variety of such machines. By type of activity and services, special equipment for construction is divided as follows:

for excavation work;
for drilling;
for transportation;
for lifting;
for driving piles;
for concrete work;
for crushing and sorting.

Automotive special equipment

This category includes vehicles on traditional automobile cargo platforms that perform special tasks - these are dump trucks, concrete mixers, tank trucks, and much more.

Various types of automotive special equipment are used in construction sites, at enterprises, they are in every vehicle fleet utility service. And with their help they deliver various cargo and materials, remove garbage, evacuate cars and do more whole line tasks.

The most common types of automotive special equipment:

trucks;
dump trucks;
tow trucks;
manipulators;
aerial platforms and truck cranes;
truck tractors with semi-trailers;
vehicles with a tank for transporting liquids;
garbage trucks;
concrete mixers.

Of course, in practice there are much more types of special-purpose vehicles, because this is the most numerous class of special-purpose vehicles.

Agricultural special equipment

For agricultural activities, the services of special equipment are indispensable. Machines help eliminate manual labor, increase productivity, improve the quality of work and, if we are not talking about a small subsidiary farm, save money, since the cost per unit of production is ultimately reduced.

Among all types of special equipment, agricultural equipment is developing most actively. Every year, at thematic exhibitions and fairs, manufacturers present new specialized machines that are equipped with advanced technologies. In particular, many types of agricultural machinery are now equipped with ultra-precise navigators and GPS sensors. Thanks to this, the accuracy of sowing and harvesting has increased. This also allows you to track the position of the machine and avoid downtime.

The most popular types of special equipment for agricultural purposes are:

tractors;
combines;
seeders;
separators;
watering machines;
plows;
cultivators;
grain throwers, etc.

For livestock farming activities, special equipment services are offered by the following machines:

straw cutters;
feed crushers;
root cutters;
shredders;
feed dispensers;
milking equipment;
manure removers.

It should be noted that today manufacturers are trying to move away from universality in favor of narrow specialization, which is why new types of special agricultural equipment appear every year. In particular, there are separate machines for cultivating certain crops: beet cultivators, sheaf binders, cotton tractors, vineyard plows, tea cutters, etc.

Forestry special equipment

planting tractors;
forwarders;
harveststers;
shredders;
loaders with a manipulator;
timber trucks.

Special equipment for field development

mining vehicles (dump trucks, excavators, bulldozers);
drilling masts;
vibratory hammers;
horizontal drilling installations;
drilling and crane machines;
pile driver installations;
pile driving machines;
crawler drilling rigs;
pipe-laying cranes;
tanks for transporting liquids (including flammable);
wagon turners.

Since development is always carried out in off-road conditions (and often the situation is further complicated by the presence of loose, loose or frozen soils), special requirements are placed on the tires of these types of special equipment. Sometimes it is more appropriate to use tracked vehicles.

5 fun facts about different types of special equipment

"For fear"

During the war, 50 armored tractors were produced in Odessa. These were small size crawler tractors, which were sheathed with sheets of armored steel. The vehicles were equipped with a rotating turret with a machine gun.

Armored tractors had the abbreviation “NI”, which stood for “fright”. The technique proved itself during the battles during the German army’s attempt to take Odessa. To date, three armored tractors have survived, two of which are in Russia, and the third is installed in the historical homeland. Decide for yourself what type of special equipment an armored tractor belongs to.

The largest self-propelled excavator

The Bagger 293 was developed by the German company Tenova in 1995 and is the largest self-propelled excavator in operation. Its length is 226 m, and its height is comparable to a 30-story skyscraper. Surprisingly, with such dimensions the machine can move at speeds of up to 10 m per minute. It’s interesting how this type of special equipment is serviced and repaired.

"The Cherry Picker"

This is exactly how the name of aerial platforms and autotowers is translated, which is used to designate these types of special equipment in America - Cherry picker.

The birthplace of the excavator is Italy

Everyone is familiar with this type of special equipment, such as an excavator, but did you know that the first machines appeared about 600 years ago? The homeland of excavators is Italy, where this technique was used to expand port areas and develop canals.

Racing transport

On different types special equipment periodically organizes real races.

Read more interesting information about various types of special equipment on the website.

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Read the most interesting things about special equipment in the section " Special equipment news "!

Both methods of classification are found quite often and make it possible to clearly divide various machines and mechanisms into groups, which greatly facilitates the description of the types of special equipment presented today on the domestic market.

List of types of special equipment

With some degree of convention, all special machines, equipment and mechanisms can be divided into the following types depending on their area of application:

construction special equipment. It is quite problematic to imagine the construction of buildings or structures in modern conditions without the use of cranes, concrete pumps, mixers, excavators and bulldozers. It is obvious that almost all types of special equipment are used in construction, which has an extremely positive effect on both the speed of completion technological processes, and the quality of the final result;
automotive special equipment. A widespread and extremely numerous group of vehicles, which is represented mainly by trucks designed for transporting various types of cargo, including bulk materials, liquid substances, wood products, etc. A separate type of such equipment are manipulators, which have become widespread in recent years, combining the functions of a vehicle and a lifting mechanism;
lifting equipment. In addition to the already mentioned manipulators, which fall into two categories at once, this group also includes various types of cranes, aerial platforms, loaders and excavators;
municipal special equipment. A separate category of vehicles, the main purpose of which is to maintain roads, various communications, as well as the territories of populated areas in proper condition;
road special equipment. In fact, this category of machines and mechanisms is a type of construction and is used in the construction of roads and landscaping work. This group includes rollers, milling machines, asphalt pavers, vibrating plates and rammers, as well as various vehicles.

The above classification of special equipment is not exhaustive, since there are machines that are actively used in other sectors of the economy, for example, agriculture, logging, etc. If desired, this list can include almost any area of human activity. This is easily and simply explained by the fact that various special equipment is used almost everywhere today.

Types of special equipment services

The wide variety of existing machines and mechanisms means that they can perform a wide variety of special equipment services. With some degree of convention, they can be divided into three main groups. The first includes earthmoving equipment. It is represented by bulldozers, excavators, graders and other similar machines. It should be understood that even an ordinary tractor can fall into this category due to the use various types attachments, such as a drill, grab or blade.

The second group includes lifting machines and mechanisms. The types of special equipment services provided in this case are obvious - lifting various loads, materials, building structures etc. to a certain height for installation, transportation or other purposes. This category includes cranes, aerial platforms, loaders and manipulators.

The third group of special equipment is vehicles. These include various trucks used to transport various goods, as well as manipulators. This category of machines is also quite numerous, which is not surprising, given the variety of tasks they face.

Special equipment is complex technical vehicle, machines, mechanisms that have a clearly defined purpose, are developed taking into account the specifics of the scope of application to perform specific tasks and speed up the work, resulting in an increase in efficiency and a general increase in the efficiency of the entire production process. It is also called special equipment or specialized.

Production in in this case is considered as the entire list of works and services for which special vehicles are used in any industry.

We consider special equipment as a vehicle, because the work and services of special equipment are associated with moving something from one place to another. Whether it's transporting people, delivering materials, digging ditch, demolition, construction, etc., all jobs involve movement.

Special equipment is used in all sectors of material production and directly affects the quality of human life. The more reliable and “smart” the special equipment is, the higher our standard of living.

The design of machines and mechanisms of special equipment depends on the scope of application and specifics of the upcoming work. specifications, overall dimensions and other indicators.

Special equipment can be huge like spaceships, or very small like nano-robots, the size in this case is not important at all, what matters is how well the work for which this special equipment was designed and produced is performed.

General classification of special equipment types, types

There are different classifications of special equipment, depending on the scope of application, the following types of special equipment are distinguished:

Air,
Water,
Ground,
underwater,
Space.

Depending on the type of machines and mechanisms, special equipment is divided into types:

Auto,
Water,
Air.

Another important classification is the division of types of special equipment according to the method of movement and type of propulsion:

stationary, transported using other machines,
wheeled or automobile,
rail,
tracked,
flying.

Main categories of special equipment types, types, varieties

These generalized classifications of special equipment cannot be presented without dividing them into categories according to the work performed in a certain area. Thus, the main categories of special equipment are distinguished:

Road or work,
Construction,
Communal or city,
Production,
Military,
Fire department,
Rescue equipment of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and others,
Medical,
Special cargo or transport equipment,
Lifting,
Agricultural,
Research,
Special equipment of the security services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement services,
Other

The use of special mechanisms and units occurs everywhere, be it in the city, mountains, forest, field, sea, space, today humanity will no longer be able to exist without the help of machines with different characteristics, which are called in one word special equipment. Let's look at what special equipment is in each category of special equipment in more detail.