During heating season The optimal temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment must be maintained, the norm of which is regulated by Government Decree No. 354 Russian Federation from 05/06/2011 With centralized heat supply, as in the heating system of a private house, heating of the coolant in the network is regulated depending on weather conditions. The goal is to maintain standard temperature air in residential premises. But often these standards are not observed for various reasons, and residents have to solve the problem themselves.

Requirements for heating networks

With centralized heat supply, the heat source is a boiler house or a thermal power plant, where high-temperature water-heating boilers are installed (in thermal power plants - steam boilers). The fuel is usually natural gas, other energy sources are used to a lesser extent. The temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the hot water boiler is 115 °C, but the water does not boil when it is under pressure. The need to heat up to 115 °C is explained by the fact that boiler plants operate at maximum efficiency in this mode.

The transition from 115 °C to the required temperature value is provided by plate or shell-and-tube heat exchangers. At a thermal power plant, waste steam from turbines enters heat exchangers to produce electricity. According to regulatory requirements, the water temperature in the heating pipes should not exceed 105 ° C, the lower limit depends on street conditions. In this range, the heating of water in the heating network is regulated depending on the weather, for which each boiler room has a temperature graph of the heating system. For home networks, 2 calculation schedules are used:

• 105/70 °C;
• 95/70 °C.

These figures show the maximum temperature of the supply and return water during the most severe frosts in a particular area. But at the beginning and end of the heating season, when the weather is not yet too cold, there is no point in heating the coolant to 105 °C, so a real temperature heating schedule is drawn up, which describes to what extent the water should be heated at different outside temperatures. The dependence of heating on weather conditions is shown in the table, which presents excerpts from the graph for the city of Ufa:

Temperature, °C
average daily street air	on feed with design schedule 105/70	on supply with a design schedule of 95/70	in the return
+8	43	41	36
0	56	52	43
-5	64	59	48
-10	71	65	52
-15	78	72	56
-20	85	78	59
-25	92	84	63
-30	99	89	67
-35	105	95	70

The table is presented as an example and is correct only for this city; another locality has its own dependence, because the climatic conditions in the country are different.

It is quite difficult to find out exactly what the coolant temperature is in a centralized heating network. To do this, you need to have a remote thermometer that determines the degree of surface heating. So, it is possible to determine to what extent the heating standards in the apartment are met only by the air temperature in the rooms.

Heat supply requirements

According to the above-mentioned Resolution, the launch central heating carried out after 5 days, during which the average outside air temperature does not exceed +8 °C. If after 4 cold days it becomes warm again on the fifth, then the beginning heating season postponed until the specified conditions are met. Heating standards stipulate that stopping heating occurs according to the same principle: 5 days must pass with an average daily temperature of +8 °C.

The Decree contains amendments providing for individual approach to supply heat to buildings that fully comply with thermal insulation requirements. Heat supply organizations are required to turn on the heating of such houses as soon as the temperature outside drops to the value specified project documentation. It is not difficult to guess that in reality these changes are not carried out very well, and the start of heat supply occurs simultaneously in all residential buildings- insulated and regular.

During the heating season the system district heating must provide multi-apartment residential buildings with a sufficient amount of thermal energy. In order for the heat supply service to be considered fully provided, the following requirements for permissible air temperature in premises for various purposes must be met:

• living rooms - from 18 to 24 °C, corner rooms - from 20 °C;
• bathroom (or separate toilet and bathroom) - from 18 to 26 °C;
• kitchen (taking into account the heat source in the form of a stove) - from 18 to 26 ° C;
• pantry - from 12 to 22 °C;
• corridor - from 16 to 20 °C.

For apartment buildings, located in cold northern regions, lower limit permissible temperature in living rooms increased to +20 °C (in corner rooms up to +22 °C). The increase comes into force provided that the frost outside reaches -31 °C (on average per day) and lasts for at least 5 days. It is also allowed to decrease the temperature in the apartment by 3 °C from midnight to 5.00 am.

The heat supply to a number of apartments or the building as a whole may be interrupted as a result of an emergency and unforeseen repairs. But to carry out repair work regulatory documents allot a certain time, depending on weather conditions. The colder it gets outside air, the sooner the relevant service is obliged to eliminate the malfunction. The total duration of interruptions in heating operation is no more than 24 hours per month.

Failure to comply with requirements by the heat supply organization

When the duration of repair activities exceeds the time allocated according to the standards, the heat supplier is obliged to recalculate the payment; its amount decreases by 0.15% for each extra hour of disconnected heat supply. According to the rules, the same recalculation must be performed for the entire time when the temperature in the apartments was less than permissible (18 ° C). In this case, the amount of payment taken away cannot be greater than the amount for the entire period when enough heat was not supplied to the radiators for heating. In some cases, the regulatory document allows for complete exemption of affected residents from payment.

To achieve the discount provided for by law, residents apartment building a number of formalities must be completed:

1. After taking air temperature measurements, report the violation of standards to the dispatch service of the heat energy supplier. It is best to make a written statement signed by those living in the apartment.
2. The application must be registered in the prescribed manner.
3. According to the rules, after receiving a complaint, an inspection must be carried out by technicians within 2 hours. They are required to visit the home and check how many degrees there are in the apartment at the moment.
4. Based on the results of the inspection, a report is drawn up, signed by the inspectors and the injured party. If necessary, an additional examination may be assigned, the cost of which will be paid by the heat supplier. But if the examination concludes that the standards have not been violated, its cost will be included in the payment for thermal energy.

Practice shows that employees of a heating network company may not come with an inspection or their visit does not bring results. In such a situation, the act is drawn up independently and endorsed by at least 2 service users, and then by the chairman chosen by the council of owners of the apartment building. A copy of the act is officially transferred to the heat supply organization and is registered there. The provision of low quality services is considered from the moment when the act is signed by all parties.

Further failure by the enterprise to fulfill its obligations leads to legal proceedings, where a previously drawn up act that has legal force will play an important role. Such actions against unscrupulous heat suppliers are necessary to encourage them to reconstruct worn-out networks and equipment; it will be more expensive to pay claims.

After installing the heating system, it is necessary to adjust the temperature regime. This procedure must be carried out in accordance with existing standards.

The coolant temperature requirements are set out in regulatory documents that establish the design, installation and use of engineering systems residential and public buildings. They are described in the State Building Codes and Rules:

• DBN (V. 2.5-39 Heat networks);
• SNiP 2.04.05 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.”

For the calculated supply water temperature, the figure is taken that is equal to the water temperature at the outlet of the boiler, according to its passport data.

For individual heating deciding what the coolant temperature should be should take into account the following factors:

1. The beginning and end of the heating season based on the average daily outdoor temperature of +8 °C for 3 days;
2. The average temperature inside heated premises of housing, communal and public importance should be 20 °C, and for industrial buildings 16 °C;
3. The average design temperature must comply with the requirements of DBN V.2.2-10, DBN V.2.2.-4, DSanPiN 5.5.2.008, SP No. 3231-85.

According to SNiP 2.04.05 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning” (clause 3.20), the coolant limit values ​​are as follows:

Depending on the external factors, the water temperature in the heating system can be from 30 to 90 °C. When heated above 90 °C, dust and paintwork begin to decompose. For these reasons sanitary standards more heating is prohibited.

For calculation optimal performance Special graphs and tables can be used that define the norms depending on the season:

• With an average reading outside the window of 0 °C, the supply for radiators with different wiring is set at 40 to 45 °C, and the return temperature at 35 to 38 °C;
• At -20 °C, the supply is heated from 67 to 77 °C, and the return rate should be from 53 to 55 °C;
• At -40 °C outside the window, all heating devices are set to the maximum permissible values. On the supply side it is from 95 to 105 °C, and on the return side it is 70 °C.

Optimal values ​​in an individual heating system

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Autonomous heating helps to avoid many problems that arise with centralized network, and the optimal coolant temperature can be adjusted according to the season. In the case of individual heating, the concept of standards includes the heat transfer of a heating device per unit area of ​​​​the room where this device is located. The thermal regime in this situation is ensured design features heating devices.

It is important to ensure that the coolant in the network does not cool below 70 °C. The optimal temperature is considered to be 80 °C. WITH gas boiler It is easier to control heating because manufacturers limit the ability to heat the coolant to 90 °C. Using sensors to regulate the gas supply, the heating of the coolant can be adjusted.

It is a little more difficult with solid fuel devices; they do not regulate the heating of the liquid, and can easily turn it into steam. And it is impossible to reduce the heat from coal or wood by turning the knob in such a situation. Control of heating of the coolant is quite conditional with high errors and is carried out by rotary thermostats and mechanical dampers.

Electric boilers allow you to smoothly regulate the heating of the coolant from 30 to 90 °C. They are equipped with an excellent overheat protection system.

Single-pipe and double-pipe lines

The design features of one-pipe and two-pipe heating networks determine different standards for heating the coolant.

For example, for a single-pipe main the maximum norm is 105 °C, and for a two-pipe main it is 95 °C, while the difference between the return and supply should be respectively: 105 - 70 °C and 95 - 70 °C.

Coordination of coolant and boiler temperatures

Regulators help coordinate the temperature of the coolant and the boiler. These are devices that create automatic control and adjustment of return and supply temperatures.

The return temperature depends on the amount of liquid passing through it. Regulators cover the liquid supply and increase the difference between the return and supply to the level required, and the necessary indicators are installed on the sensor.

If the flow needs to be increased, a boost pump can be added to the network, which is controlled by a regulator. To reduce feed heating, use “ cold start": that part of the liquid that passed through the network is again transported from the return to the inlet.

The regulator redistributes the supply and return flows according to the data collected by the sensor and ensures strict temperature standards heating networks.

Ways to reduce heat loss

The above information will help to be used for correct calculation coolant temperature standards and will tell you how to determine situations when you need to use a regulator.

But it is important to remember that the temperature in the room is affected not only by the temperature of the coolant, street air and wind strength. The degree of insulation of the facade, doors and windows in the house should also be taken into account.

To reduce heat loss from your home, you need to worry about its maximum thermal insulation. Insulated walls, sealed doors, and metal-plastic windows will help reduce heat loss. This will also reduce heating costs.

Most city apartments are connected to the central heating network. The main source of heat in large cities is usually boiler houses and thermal power plants. A coolant is used to provide heat in the house. As a rule, this is water. It is heated to a certain temperature and fed into the heating system. But the temperature in the heating system can be different and is related to the temperature of the outside air.

To effectively provide heat to city apartments, regulation is necessary. Observe set mode heating is helped by the temperature graph. What is a heating temperature schedule, what types are there, where is it used and how to draw it up - the article will tell you about all this.

The temperature graph is understood as a graph that shows the required water temperature in the heating system depending on the level of outside air temperature. Most often, the heating temperature schedule is determined for central heating. According to this schedule, heat is supplied to city apartments and other objects that are used by people. This schedule allows you to maintain the optimal temperature and save heating resources.

When is a temperature chart needed?

Besides district heating The schedule is widely used in domestic autonomous heating systems. In addition to the need to regulate the temperature in the room, the schedule is also used to provide safety measures when operating household heating systems. This is especially true for those who install the system. Since the choice of equipment parameters for heating an apartment directly depends on the temperature schedule.

Based climatic features and the temperature chart of the region, a boiler and heating pipes are selected. The power of the radiator, the length of the system and the number of sections also depend on the temperature established by the standard. After all, the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment must be within the standard limits. ABOUT technical specifications cast iron radiators can be read.

What are the temperature charts?

Schedules may vary. The standard temperature of the apartment heating radiators depends on the chosen option.

The choice of a specific schedule depends on:

1. climate of the region;
2. boiler room equipment;
3. technical and economic indicators of the heating system.

There are graphs for one- and two-pipe heat supply systems.

The heating temperature graph is indicated by two numbers. For example, the heating temperature graph 95-70 is deciphered as follows. For supporting desired temperature air in the apartment, the coolant should enter the system at a temperature of +95 degrees, and exit at a temperature of +70 degrees. Typically, this type of graph is used for autonomous heating. All old houses up to 10 floors high are designed for heating schedule 95 70. But if the house has a large number of floors, then the heating temperature schedule of 130 70 is more suitable.

In modern new buildings, when calculating heating systems, the 90-70 or 80-60 schedule is most often adopted. True, another option may be approved at the discretion of the designer. The lower the air temperature, the higher the temperature of the coolant entering the heating system. The temperature schedule is selected, as a rule, when designing the heating system of a structure.

Features of scheduling

Temperature chart indicators are developed based on the capabilities of the heating system, heating boiler, and temperature changes outside. By creating a temperature balance, you can use the system more carefully, which means it will last much longer. Indeed, depending on the materials of the pipes and the fuel used, not all devices are and are not always able to withstand sudden temperature changes.

When choosing the optimal temperature, you are usually guided by the following factors:

It should be noted that the temperature of the water in the central heating radiators should be such that it will allow the building to warm up well. For different rooms Various normative values ​​have been developed. For example, for a residential apartment the air temperature should not be less than +18 degrees. In kindergartens and hospitals this figure is higher: +21 degrees.

When the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment is low and does not allow heating the room to +18 degrees, the owner of the apartment has the right to contact utility service to improve heating efficiency.

Since the room temperature depends on the season and climatic conditions, the temperature standard for heating radiators may be different. The heating of water in the heating system of a building can vary from +30 to +90 degrees. When the water temperature in the heating system is above +90 degrees, then decomposition of the paint and dust begins. Therefore, heating the coolant above this mark is prohibited by sanitary standards.

It must be said that the calculated outside air temperature for heating design depends on the diameter of the distribution pipelines, the size heating devices and coolant flow in heating system. There is a special table of heating temperatures that makes it easier to calculate the schedule.

Optimal temperature in heating radiators, the norms of which are set according to the heating temperature schedule, allows you to create comfortable conditions accommodation. You can find out more about bimetallic heating radiators.

Temperature chart installed for each heating system.

Thanks to it, the temperature in the home is maintained at an optimal level. Schedules may vary. Many factors are taken into account to develop them. Any schedule must be approved by an authorized city agency before being put into practice.

In this article we will find out how to calculate average daily temperature when designing heating systems, how does the temperature of the coolant at the outlet depend on the temperature outside? elevator unit and what the temperature of the radiators may be in winter.

We will also touch on the topic of independently combating the cold in the apartment.

Cold in winter is a sore subject for many city apartment dwellers.

general information

Here we present the main provisions and excerpts from the current SNiP.

Outdoor temperature

Design temperature heating period, which is included in the design of heating systems, is no less than the average temperature of the coldest five-day periods over the eight coldest winters of the last 50 years.

This approach allows, on the one hand, to be prepared for severe frosts, which occur only once every few years, and, on the other hand, not to invest excessive funds in the project. On the scale of mass development we are talking about very significant amounts.

Target room temperature

It is worth mentioning right away that the temperature in the room is affected not only by the temperature of the coolant in the heating system.

Several factors operate in parallel:

• Outdoor air temperature. The lower it is, the more leakage heat through walls, windows and roofs.
• Presence or absence of wind. Strong winds increase heat loss in buildings by blowing through unsealed doors and windows into entrances, basements and apartments.
• The degree of insulation of the facade, windows and doors in the room. It is clear that in the case of a hermetically sealed metal-plastic window With double-glazed window heat loss will be much lower than with dried out wooden window and glazing in two threads.

It’s interesting: now there is a trend towards the construction of apartment buildings with the maximum degree of thermal insulation.
In Crimea, where the author lives, new houses are built immediately with facade insulation mineral wool or foam plastic and with hermetically sealed doors of entrances and apartments.

• And finally, the actual temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment.

So, what are the current temperature standards in rooms for various purposes?

• In the apartment: corner rooms - not lower than 20C, other living rooms - not lower than 18C, bathroom - not lower than 25C.
  Nuance: when the estimated air temperature is below -31C, higher values ​​are taken for corner and other living rooms, +22 and +20C (source - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 “Rules for the provision of utilities citizens").
• IN kindergarten: 18-23 degrees depending on the purpose of the room for toilets, bedrooms and game rooms; 12 degrees for walking verandas; 30 degrees for indoor swimming pools.
• IN educational institutions: from 16C for bedrooms of boarding schools to +21 in classrooms.
• In theaters, clubs, and other entertainment venues: 16-20 degrees for the auditorium and +22C for the stage.
• For libraries ( reading rooms and book depositories) the norm is 18 degrees.
• In grocery stores, the normal winter temperature is 12, and in non-food stores - 15 degrees.
• The temperature in the gyms is maintained at 15-18 degrees.

• In hospitals, the temperature maintained depends on the purpose of the room. For example, the recommended temperature after otoplasty or childbirth is +22 degrees, in the wards for premature babies it is maintained at +25, and for patients with thyrotoxicosis (excessive secretion of thyroid hormones) - 15C. In surgical wards the norm is +26C.

Temperature chart

What should be the temperature of the water in the heating pipes?

It is determined by four factors:

1. Air temperature outside.
2. Type of heating system. For single pipe system Maximum temperature water in the heating system according to current standards- 105 degrees, for a two-pipe - 95. The maximum temperature difference between supply and return is 105/70 and 95/70C, respectively.
3. The direction of water supply to the radiators. For upper filling houses (with supply in the attic) and lower filling houses (with pairwise looping risers and the location of both lines in the basement), the temperatures differ by 2 - 3 degrees.
4. Type of heating appliances in the house. Radiators have different heat output; Accordingly, to ensure the same temperature in the room, the heating temperature regime must be different.

So, what should be the temperature of the heating - the water in the supply and return pipes - at different outside temperatures?

We will give only a small part temperature table for a design ambient temperature of -40 degrees.

• At zero degrees, the temperature of the supply pipe for radiators with different wiring is 40-45C, the return pipe is 35-38. For convectors 41-49 supply and 36-40 return.
• At -20 for radiators, the supply and return should have a temperature of 67-77/53-55C. For convectors 68-79/55-57.
• At -40C outside, for all heating devices the temperature reaches the maximum permissible: 95/105 depending on the type of heating system in the supply and 70C in the return pipeline.

Useful additions

To understand the operating principle of the heating system of an apartment building and the division of areas of responsibility, you need to know a few more facts.

The temperature of the heating main at the exit from the thermal power plant and the temperature of the heating system in your home are completely different things. At the same -40, the thermal power plant or boiler house will produce about 140 degrees in the supply. Water does not evaporate only due to pressure.

At your home's elevator unit, some of the return water from your heating system is mixed into the supply. The nozzle injects the jet hot water with high pressure into the so-called elevator and draws masses of cooled water into repeated circulation.

Why is this necessary?

To provide:

1. Reasonable mixture temperature. Let us remind you: the heating temperature in the apartment cannot exceed 95-105 degrees.

Attention: for kindergartens there is a different temperature standard: no higher than 37C. The low temperature of heating devices must be compensated large area heat exchange.
That is why in kindergartens the walls are decorated with such long radiators.

1. Large volume of water involved in circulation. If you remove the nozzle and supply water directly from the supply, the return temperature will differ little from the supply, which will sharply increase heat loss along the route and disrupt the operation of the thermal power plant.

If you turn off the water suction from the return, the circulation will become so slow that the return pipeline may simply freeze in winter.

Areas of responsibility are divided as follows:

• The temperature of the water pumped into the heating mains is the responsibility of the heat producer - the local thermal power plant or boiler house;
• For transportation of coolant with minimal losses - the organization servicing heating network(KTS - communal heating networks).

• For servicing and setting up the elevator unit - Housing Department. In this case, however, the diameter of the elevator nozzle - what determines the temperature of the radiators - is consistent with the CTS.

If your home is cold and all the heating appliances are those installed by the builders, you will resolve this issue with the homeowners. They are required to provide temperatures recommended by sanitary standards.

If you undertake any modification to the heating system, for example, you thereby assume full responsibility for the temperature in your home.

How to deal with the cold

Let's be realistic, however: most often you have to solve the problem of cold in an apartment yourself, with your own hands. It is not always possible for a housing organization to provide you with heat within a reasonable time, and sanitary standards will not satisfy everyone: you want your home to be warm.

What will the instructions for combating the cold in an apartment building look like?

Jumpers in front of radiators

In most apartments there are jumpers in front of the heating appliances, which are designed to ensure water circulation in the riser no matter the condition of the radiator. For a long time they were equipped with three-way valves, then they began to be installed without any shut-off valves.

The jumper in any case reduces the coolant circulation through heating device. In the case when its diameter is equal to the diameter of the eyeliner, the effect is especially pronounced.

The simplest way to make your apartment warmer is to embed chokes into the jumper itself and the liner between it and the radiator.

With their help, it is possible to conveniently regulate the temperature of the heating radiators: with the jumper closed and the throttle to the radiator fully open, the temperature is maximum; as soon as you open the jumper and close the second throttle, the heat in the room goes away.

The great advantage of this modification is the minimal cost of the solution. The price of the throttle does not exceed 250 rubles; Squeegees, couplings and locknuts cost pennies.

Important: if the throttle leading to the radiator is even slightly closed, the throttle on the jumper opens completely. Otherwise, adjusting the heating temperature will result in the neighbors’ radiators and convectors cooling down.

Warm floor

Even if the radiator in the room is hanging on the return riser with a temperature of about 40 degrees, by modifying the heating system you can make the room warm.

The solution is low-temperature heating systems.

It is difficult to use in a city apartment due to the limited height of the room: raising the floor level by 15-20 centimeters will mean completely low ceilings.

Much more real option- warm floor. Due to a much larger heat transfer area and a more rational distribution of heat throughout the room, low-temperature heating will warm the room better than a hot radiator.

What does the implementation look like?

1. Chokes are installed on the jumper and liner in the same way as in the previous case.
2. The outlet from the riser to the heating device is connected to metal-plastic pipe, which fits into the screed on the floor.

So that communications are not spoiled appearance rooms, they are put away in a box. As an option, the insert into the riser is moved closer to the floor level.

Conclusion

Additional information about the job centralized systems heating you can find in the video at the end of the article. Warm winters!

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What should be the temperature of the coolant in the heating system in order to live comfortably in the house? This point interests many consumers. When choosing a temperature regime, several factors are taken into account:

• the need to achieve the required degree of heating of the premises;
• ensuring reliable, stable, economical and long-lasting operation heating equipment;
• efficient transfer of thermal energy through pipelines.

Coolant temperature in the heating network

The heat supply system must function in such a way that it is comfortable to stay in the room, which is why the standards are established. According to regulatory documents, temperature in residential buildings should not fall below 18 degrees, and for children's institutions and hospitals it is 21 degrees Celsius.

But it should be borne in mind that depending on the air temperature outside the building, the building through the enclosing structures may lose different amounts of heat. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, based on external factors, varies from 30 to 90 degrees. When heating water above heating structure decomposition begins paint coatings, which is prohibited by sanitary standards.

To determine what the temperature of the coolant in the batteries should be, specially developed temperature charts are used for specific groups of buildings. They reflect the dependence of the degree of heating of the coolant on the state of the outside air. You can also use automatic adjustment according to the indications located in the room.

Optimal temperature for the boiler room

To ensure effective heat transfer in heating boilers there must be more heat, because than more heat can carry a certain volume of water, the better the degree of heating. Therefore, at the exit from the heat generator, they try to bring the temperature of the liquid closer to the maximum permissible values.

In addition, the minimum heating of water or other coolant in the boiler cannot be lowered below the dew point (usually this parameter is 60-70 degrees, but it largely depends on technical features unit model and fuel type). Otherwise, when the heat generator burns, condensation appears, which, in combination with aggressive substances contained in the flue gases, leads to increased wear of the device.

Coordination of water temperature in the boiler and system

There are two options for how you can coordinate high-temperature coolants in the boiler and lower-temperature coolants in the heating system:

1. In the first case, the efficiency of the boiler’s operation should be neglected and, at its outlet, the coolant should be supplied to the degree of heating that the system currently requires. This is what they do in small boiler houses. But in the end, it turns out that the coolant is not always supplied in accordance with the optimal temperature conditions according to the schedule (read: " "). Recently, more and more often in small boiler houses, a water heating regulator is installed at the outlet, taking into account the readings, which records the coolant temperature sensor.
2. In the second case, the heating of water for transportation through networks at the exit from the boiler room is maximized. Further, in close proximity to consumers, it is producedautomatic regulation of coolant temperature to the required values. This method is considered more progressive; it is used in many large heating networks, and since regulators and sensors have become cheaper, it is increasingly used in small heating supply facilities.

Operating principle of heating regulators

The temperature regulator of the coolant circulating in the heating system is a device that provides automatic control and adjustment of water temperature parameters.

This device, shown in the photo, consists of the following elements:

• computing and switching node;
• working mechanism on the hot coolant supply pipe;
• an executive unit designed to mix in the coolant coming from the return. In some cases, a three-way valve is installed;
• booster pump at the supply section;
• The booster pump is not always in the “cold bypass” section;
• sensor on the coolant supply line;
• valves and shut-off valves;
• return sensor;
• outside air temperature sensor;
• several room temperature sensors.

Now you need to understand how the coolant temperature is regulated and how the regulator functions.

At the outlet of the heating system (return), the temperature of the coolant depends on the volume of water passing through it, since the load is a relatively constant value. By covering the liquid supply, the regulator thereby increases the difference between the supply and return lines to the required value (sensors are installed on these pipelines).

When, on the contrary, it is necessary to increase the coolant flow, then a booster pump is installed into the heating system, which is also controlled by the regulator. In order to lower the temperature of the incoming water flow, a cold bypass is used, which means that part of the coolant that has already circulated through the system is again directed to the inlet.

As a result, the regulator, redistributing coolant flows depending on the data recorded by the sensor, ensures compliance with the temperature schedule of the heating system.

Often such a regulator is combined with a hot water supply regulator using one computing node. The device that regulates DHW is easier to operate and actuators. Using a sensor on the hot water supply line, the water flow through the boiler is adjusted and, as a result, it consistently has the standard 50 degrees (read: "").

Advantages of using a regulator in heat supply

Using a regulator in a heating system has the following positive aspects:

• it allows you to clearly maintain a temperature schedule, which is based on the calculation of the coolant temperature (read: " ");
• Increased heating of water in the system is not allowed, thereby ensuring economical consumption of fuel and thermal energy;
• Heat production and its transportation occur in boiler houses at the most efficient parameters, and the characteristics of the coolant and hot water necessary for heating are created by the regulator closest to the consumer thermal unit or paragraph (read: " ");
• All heating network subscribers are provided with the same conditions, regardless of the distance to the heat supply source.

Also watch a video about coolant circulation in the heating system: