The specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS is obliged to:
1) provide service personnel (drivers, slingers) with the time necessary to receive and hand over a shift;
2) provide slingers with personal protective equipment and distinctive signs;
3) organize the work with cranes in accordance with the FNP, work projects and technological maps;
4) instruct crane operators and slingers on the safe performance of the upcoming work;
5) do not allow untrained and uncertified personnel to service the cranes, determine the number of slingers, as well as the need to appoint signalmen when operating the cranes;
6) do not allow removable lifting devices to be used that are unmarked, faulty or do not correspond to the nature and weight of the cargo, remove defective devices from the work site;
7) indicate to crane operators and slingers the place, order and dimensions of cargo storage;
8) directly supervise work near the power line, as well as in other cases provided for by work projects or technological maps;
9) do not allow work to be carried out without an approval order in cases provided for by the Rules;
10) monitor the implementation of production instructions, work plans and technological maps by crane operators and slingers;
11) do not allow the installation of cranes on sites with a slope exceeding the rated value for a given crane, on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as near the slopes of pits or trenches at distances less than those established by the Rules;
12) do not allow the crane to operate if there is no entry in the logbook about its serviceability;
13) comply with the instructions of the Rostechnadzor inspector and the specialist responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the substation.
3. The requirement of the “Rules...” for the installation of a substation for the execution of work.
Article 103.FNP. Installation of the substation in buildings, open areas and other work areas must be carried out in accordance with the manual (instructions) for the operation of the substation and the requirements of the Federal Tax Code.
105. Cranes must be installed in such a way that when lifting a load, there is no need to first pull it up when the cargo ropes are in an inclined position, and it is possible to move the load raised at least 500 mm above equipment, stacks of cargo, and sides of rolling stock encountered along the way.
Crane booms, when turning or moving, must also be at least 500 mm higher than equipment and objects encountered along the way.
When installing cranes controlled from the floor or by radio, clear passage must be provided for the worker operating the crane.
106. Installation of cranes above production premises for lifting and lowering loads through a hatch (opening) in the ceiling is permitted when one room is located directly above another.
The hatch in the ceiling must have a permanent fence with a height of at least 1000 mm with a continuous fence at the bottom to a height of 100 mm with a mandatory light signaling device (luminous inscription), warning both about the presence of cargo above the hatch and about the lowering of the load, as well as the presence of inscriptions prohibiting the presence of people under the transported load.
Installation of stationary electric hoists or winches above production premises for lifting loads through a hatch in the ceiling is not permitted.
107. Installation of cranes moving along an overhead rail track must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
a) the distance from the top point of the crane to the ceiling of the building, the lower belt of trusses or objects attached to them must be at least 100 mm;
b) the distance from the flooring of the platforms and gallery of the support crane, with the exception of the flooring of the end beams and trolleys, to the solid ceiling or roof lining, to the lower chord of the trusses and objects attached to them, as well as to the bottom point of the crane operating one tier above, should be at least 1800 mm;
c) the distance from the protruding parts of the ends of the crane to the columns, walls of the building and railings of passage galleries must be at least 60 mm. This distance is established when the crane wheels are symmetrically positioned relative to the rail;
d) the distance from the bottom point of the crane (not counting the load-handling member) to the floor of the workshop or areas where people may be present during operation of the crane (with the exception of areas intended for repairing the crane) must be at least 2000 mm. The distance between the lower overall point of the crane cabin and the workshop floor must be at least 2000 mm or (in justified cases) from 500 to 1000 mm;
e) the distance from the lower protruding parts of the crane (not counting the load-handling device) to the equipment located in the operating area must be at least 400 mm;
f) the distance from the protruding parts of the control cabin and the trolley service cabin to the wall, equipment, pipelines, protruding parts of the building, columns, roofs of utility rooms and other objects relative to which the cabin moves must be at least 400 mm.
108. The horizontal distance between the protruding parts of a crane moving along a ground crane track and buildings, stacks of cargo and other objects located at a height of up to 2000 mm from the ground level or working platforms must be at least 700 mm, and at a height of more than 2000 mm - not less than 400 mm.
The vertical distance from the counterweight console or from the counterweight located under the tower crane console to the platforms where people may be located must be at least 2000 mm.
109. Installation of electric hoists and monorail trolleys with automatic or semi-automatic control, in which the specified PS is not accompanied by a crane operator or operator, must exclude the possibility of the load touching building elements, equipment and stacks of cargo.
The presence of people must be excluded along the route of the specified substations. Safety barriers (mesh) capable of withstanding a falling load must be installed above the roadway and over passages for people.
110. The installation of cranes moving along a rail track in the security zone of overhead power lines must be agreed upon with the owner of the line. Approval for such an installation for construction and installation work must be kept along with the work permit.
111. Installation of jib-type cranes and lifts (towers) must be carried out on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not permitted to install a jib-type crane or a lift (tower) for work on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope exceeding that specified in the passport.
112. The jib crane must be installed so that during operation the distance between the rotating part of the crane in any position and buildings, stacks of cargo and other objects is at least 1000 mm.
113. If it is necessary to install a jib or railway crane, manipulator cranes, lifts (towers) on outriggers, the PS is installed on all existing outriggers. Strong and stable pads must be placed under the supports in accordance with the operational documentation.
114. Jib cranes, manipulator cranes, lifts (towers), pipe-laying cranes on the edge of the slope of a pit (ditch) must be installed in compliance with the distances specified in Table 2 given in Appendix No. 2 to the FNP. If the pit depth is more than 5 m and if it is impossible to maintain the distances indicated in the table, the slope must be strengthened in accordance with the PPR.
115. Installation and operation of jib-type cranes, lifts (towers), pipe-laying cranes at a distance of less than 30 m from the outermost wire of a power line or overhead electrical network with a voltage of more than 42 V is carried out only in accordance with a permit that determines safe working conditions.
When carrying out work in the security zone of a power transmission line or within the boundaries of breaks established by the Rules for the Protection of High-Voltage Electric Networks, a work permit is issued only with the permission of the organization operating the power line.
The order of operation of cranes, hoists (towers) or pipe-laying cranes near a power transmission line made with a flexible insulated cable is determined by the owner of the line. In this case, issuing a permit is not required.
The validity period of the permit is determined by the organization that issued it.
The permit is issued to the lift (tower) operator or crane operator before starting work.
The operation of a lift (tower) or crane near a power line must be carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the substation, who must indicate to the crane operator (operator) the installation location of the lift (tower) or crane, ensure compliance with the work conditions stipulated by the permit and entry in the logbook of a lift (tower) or crane about permission to work.
The operation of jib-type cranes under the contact wires of public transport that are not disconnected must be carried out while maintaining a distance between the crane boom and the contact wires of at least 1 m when installing a limiter (stop) that does not allow reducing the specified distance when raising the boom.
116. When operating jib-type cranes, lifts (towers) at existing power plants, substations and power lines, if work using lifts (towers) and jib-type cranes is carried out by personnel operating electrical installations, and the drivers (crane operators, operators) of these substations are in staff of the specified power plants, substations and power lines, a work permit to work near live wires and equipment is issued by the energy enterprise (power plant, substation and power line). In this case, the distance from the crane boom, lift (tower) to the energized power line wires must be maintained in accordance with the table given in Appendix No. 2 to these FNP.
117. When moving PS cargo, the following requirements must be met:
begin lifting the load, having previously raised it to a height of no more than 200 - 300 mm, followed by stopping to check the correctness of the sling and the reliability of the brake;
Do not move the load when there are people underneath it. It is allowed for a slinger to be near the load while lifting or lowering it, if the load is raised to a height of no more than 1000 mm from the platform level;
move small-piece cargo only in special containers designed for this purpose in order to exclude the possibility of individual parts of the cargo falling out. Moving bricks on pallets without fencing is permitted only when unloading (loading) vehicles onto (and from) the ground;
do not start lifting a load whose mass is unknown;
carry out horizontal movement from the lowest point of the load (as well as an empty load-handling device or load-handling device and elements of the crane boom) 500 mm above objects encountered along the way;
lower the transported load only to the place intended for this purpose, where the possibility of falling, tipping over or sliding of the lowered load is excluded.
To easily remove the slings from under the load, its lowering and storage should be carried out on pads of appropriate strength and thickness. The stowage and subsequent disassembly of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for storing cargo and without blocking the aisles;
Do not allow the load to remain suspended during a long break or after completion of work. Upon completion of work, the substation must be brought to a safe position in a non-working state in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions);
It is allowed to tilt loads using PS only on tilting platforms equipped with a shock-absorbing surface, or on weight, according to a previously developed PPR.
When tilting a load, the following additional safety precautions should be taken:
in order to prevent pinching, the slinger is prohibited from standing between the load and a wall or other obstacle, while the slinger must be on the side of the load being tilted at a distance equal to the height of the load plus 1 meter;
standing on the side of the spacers on which the load is lowered is prohibited;
carry out tilting of heavy loads and loads of complex configuration only in the presence and under the guidance of a specialist responsible for the safe performance of PS work; When carrying out tilting operations, “heavy loads” are considered to be loads weighing more than 75% of the lifting mechanism’s lifting capacity, and “loads of complex configuration” are loads with a displacement of the center of gravity.
118. In the process of performing work using PS it is not permitted:
keeping people near a working jib crane to avoid pinching them between the rotating part and other fixed structures;
moving a load that is in an unstable position or suspended by one horn of a double hook;
lifting loads covered with earth or frozen to the ground, laid down by other loads, reinforced with bolts or poured with concrete, as well as metal and slag frozen in a furnace or welded after draining;
pulling cargo along the ground, floor or rails with PS hooks when the cargo ropes are in an inclined position (without the use of guide blocks that ensure the vertical position of the cargo ropes);
releasing slings, ropes or chains pinched by a load using PS;
pulling the load while lifting, moving and lowering. Guys are used only for turning long and large-sized loads during their movement;
leveling the transported load by hand, as well as changing the position of the slings on the suspended load;
supplying cargo to window openings, balconies and loggias without special receiving areas or special devices;
use of containers for transporting people;
finding people under the PS boom when lifting and lowering it with or without a load;
lifting the load directly from the place of its installation (from the ground, platform, stack) only with the boom telescoping mechanism;
the use of limit switches (limit switches) as working bodies to automatically stop mechanisms, with the exception of the case when an overhead crane approaches a landing site located at the end of the building;
operation of the PS when limiters, recorders, indicators and brakes are disabled or inoperative;
turning on the PS mechanisms when people are on the PS turntable outside the cabin;
movement of people by cargo construction lifts, except for lifts and towers used on railway and/or tram tracks to check the condition and installation of the contact network, check the condition of bridges, overpasses;
the movement of lifts and towers with people along the contact network or bridge structures must be carried out at a minimum speed in accordance with the requirements of the PPR developed for this in accordance with paragraphs 159 - 167 of these FNP;
moving the chassis of a lift (tower) with people or cargo in the cradle. This requirement does not apply to self-propelled lifts (towers), for example, scissor-type ones, which are controlled from a cradle, including when the lift is moving around the site;
raising and lowering the cradle with a lift, if the entrance to it is not closed with a locking device;
dropping tools, loads and other objects from a cradle located at a height.
119. Turning a load by hand is allowed provided that the load is raised to a height of no more than 1000 mm, and in other cases, including when turning long loads, only with the help of guy ropes or hooks.
120. When operating substations controlled from the floor, free passage must be provided for the employee operating the substation along the entire route of the substation.
121. Exits to the galleries of overhead cranes that are in operation must be closed.
122. For each workshop (flight) that is not equipped with walk-through galleries along the rail track where overhead cranes operate, the operating organization develops measures for the safe descent of crane operators from the cabin in the event of a forced stop of the crane not at the landing site. These activities are indicated in the production instructions for crane operators.
123. The use of overhead cranes (from platforms available on the crane) for construction, painting and other work must be carried out in accordance with a permit that defines industrial safety measures to prevent falls from the crane caused by the sudden start of movement of the crane or its load trolley, or collision with an adjacent crane , and also - electric shock, falling when entering rail tracks or crane beams. During the performance of these works, moving loads by crane is prohibited.
124. Substations in operation must be equipped with plates indicating the serial number of the substation, rated load capacity and the date of the next full technical examination.
Table. The minimum distance (in m) from the base of the pit (ditch) slope to the axis of the nearest crane supports when the soil is not filled.
With the introduction of new rules to replace the already familiar ones (colloquially called “crane rules”), a number of questions arose (actually similar to the questions under the previously existing rules) regarding the certification of workers and the appointment of workers responsible for certain areas of supervision and operation: “ Who and for what exactly is appointed responsible if the organization has lifting structures?», « How and for what should responsible employees be certified??», « What are the correct areas of qualification for lifting structures?».
Paragraph 23 of the “Safety Rules for Hazardous Industrial Facilities Where Lifting Structures Are Used” directly indicates the need to assign:
- a specialist responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the substation;
- a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition;
- a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS.
The responsibilities of the last two can be assigned to one employee (if the work is carried out within the same workshop or site).
The areas of certification of workers are determined in accordance with Rostekhnadzor Order No. 233 dated April 6, 2012 (section B9 “Industrial safety requirements for lifting structures”). Please note that by order of Rostechnadzor No. 403 dated September 3, 2014, this section was clarified and presented in a different wording.
Thus, the employee should be certified (in accordance with the rules of Rostechnadzor Order No. 37 dated January 29, 2007, regarding the training and certification of workers at facilities supervised by Rostechnadzor), based on the activities of the enterprise, in the following directions (“letters”):
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B.9.22. |
Certification of specialists from organizations supervising the safe operation of escalators in metropolitan areas |
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B.9.23. |
Certification of members of certification commissions of organizations operating escalators in subways |
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B.9.27. |
Certification in the field of industrial safety of ropeway managers and specialists |
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B.9.28. |
Certification in the field of industrial safety of ropeway managers |
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B.9.31. |
Operation of hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures designed for lifting and moving loads |
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B.9.32. |
Operation of hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures designed for lifting and transporting people |
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B.9.33. |
Installation, adjustment, repair, reconstruction or modernization of lifting structures during the operation of hazardous production facilities |
In accordance with paragraph 153 of Rostechnadzor Order No. 533 of November 12, 2013, periodic testing of the knowledge of job descriptions and rules for lifting structures of responsible specialists must be carried out in accordance with the administrative act of the operating organization and carried out by its commission. Please note that the list of areas does not include a separate “certification of members of certification commissions” for lifting structures. Thus, there is no need to create a separate commission - it is possible to conduct a knowledge test in the same certification commission, created in accordance with the requirements of Rostechnadzor Order No. 37 of January 29, 2007 (“Regulations on the organization of work on the training and certification of specialists of organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision"). True, its members must be certified by the territorial body of Rostechnadzor in the same areas B.9 (for branches of organizations - by the commission of the central or parent organization).
Separately, we note that paragraph 11 of the “Regulations...” (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor No. 37 of January 29, 2007) allows for the certification of contractor specialists in the commission of the customer organization.
Sample orders (approximate):
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the substation
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of lifting structures. During vacation, business trip, illness or other absences, the duties of the person responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of lifting structures are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- Production control must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the organization and implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements at a hazardous production facility, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 10, 1999 N 263, “Regulations on the organization of production control at the enterprise” (approved by Order No. __ dated ___), other local acts of the enterprise.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in paragraph 1) is / is not a member of the production control commission.
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition
In accordance with clause 23 of the “Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used” (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), I ORDER:
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for maintaining lifting structures in working order. During vacation, business trip, illness or other cases of absence, the duties of the responsible person are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- In their work, persons appointed by paragraph 1 of this order should be guided by the “Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used” (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), technical documentation for lifting structures, production instructions and other local acts of the enterprise.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) familiarize yourself with the specified documents against signature no later than ______ (date).
- The Chairman of the Certification Commission / Head of the Personnel Training Department should organize training and/or knowledge testing (certification) for __________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) no later than ________ (date).
- Control over compliance with the order is assigned to __________ (position, full name).
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures
In accordance with clause 23 of the “Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used” (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), I ORDER:
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures. During vacation, business trip, illness or other cases of absence, the duties of the responsible person are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- In their work, persons appointed by paragraph 1 of this order should be guided by the “Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used” (approved by Order of Rostechnadzor No. 533 of November 12, 2013), regulations on labor protection when working with the use of lifting structures , technical documentation for lifting structures, production instructions, labor protection instructions and other local acts of the enterprise.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) familiarize yourself with the specified documents against signature no later than ______ (date).
- The Chairman of the Certification Commission / Head of the Personnel Training Department should organize training and/or knowledge testing (certification) for __________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) no later than ________ (date).
- Control over compliance with the order is assigned to __________ (position, full name).
In conclusion, we note that in addition to specialists, crane operators (operators), their assistants, mechanics and adjusters of indicators, limiters and recorders are necessarily appointed by order (instruction) to manage substations and their maintenance, and, in addition, electricians are also appointed to service substations with an electric drive .
YOU CAN ASK A QUESTION about this article or make a request for a sample order by following this link.
Region on the islands
ORDER No.
"____"____________2015 _______
On the appointment of responsible persons:
for the safe performance of work using lifting structures (PS), for the implementation of production control during the operation of the PS,
In accordance with the order of Rostechnadzor dated November 12, 2013 No. 533 “On approval of Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules for hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used” in a separate division of the Limited Liability Company ________
I ORDER:
1. To appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures (truck cranes, pipe-laying cranes - hereinafter referred to as PS) at the production base:
Head of OMTS (production base) V.N. Petrov;
directly at production sites:
Foreman Ivanova S.A.;
Foreman Sidorova R.A.;
2. The specified persons, as well as workers directly working with the substation (crane operators, pipe-laying crane operators, slingers) before starting work on the site, must be familiarized with the Work Project (WPR) or Technological Maps (TC) for signature.
3. Those responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are obliged to:
Allow personnel who have passed a knowledge test and have a document confirming the employee’s qualifications (certificate) to work with the software;
When moving mobile substations (pipe-laying cranes, truck cranes) to a new facility, formalize the decision to put them into operation by writing in the logbook “I authorize putting them into operation,” indicating the position, surname, initials and date;
Before starting work near the power line (less than 30 meters from the outermost wire with a network voltage of more than 42 volts), carry out the work according to the permit, indicating the installation location to the substation driver, ensure that the work conditions specified in the permit are met, make an entry in the substation logbook on permission to work, as well as directly supervise the PS during the performance of work;
Provide slingers with distinctive signs, as well as tested and marked lifting devices and containers;
Carry out periodic inspection of removable load-handling devices (LOGD) and containers at least:
a) traverses, pincers, grips and containers - every month;
b) slings (except for rarely used ones) - every 10 days;
c) rarely used SGZP - before starting work;
the results of the inspection of the SGPP and containers should be entered into the SGPP inspection log;
Determine stationary sites and places for storing goods provided for by the PPR or TC, equip them with technological equipment and devices;
Before permission to work, issue production instructions to the personnel operating the substation against signature;
Have a copy of this order at the production site.
4. Appoint Deputy Director __________ responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation in LLC _________
5. Appoint mechanic Sidorov S.G. (and during his absence, mechanical engineer Kuznetsov A.V.) - responsible for maintaining the substation in working order.
6. Responsible persons organize their work in accordance with approved production instructions:
IOT 01-16 - instructions for a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS;
IOT 02-16 - instructions for a specialist responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of a substation;
IOT 03-16 - instructions for a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition.
IOT 04-16 - instructions for inspection of SGPP and containers.
7. The manager’s secretary should familiarize the above-mentioned persons with this order against signature.
8. I reserve control over the execution of the Order.
Director ________
REFERENCE LIST
with Order No._____ dated _________.
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(PPRk, PPR PS) - guiding organizational and technological documentation, which lists measures and methods for using lifting structures during installation and dismantling of various elements, structures, products and materials. The list of lifting mechanisms covers a wide range of substations: tower, bridge, portal, cantilever and truck cranes, lifts for construction and equipped with platforms for workers, electric hoists, winches.
PPRk is developed for the entire structure being erected (dismantled) or its individual parts (in stages). It all depends on the technological processes during which lifting devices are used, the order and time of their implementation.
PPR PS must arrive at the construction site at least 5 days before the start of construction and installation work. This is necessary to familiarize the responsible personnel and employees (drivers, slingers) performing the technological processes provided for in the document.
Development of PPRk
Experts can compose:
- Experienced in construction and installation works using cranes or other lifting structures.
- Have undergone special training.
- Holding current certification in the relevant field. This requirement applies to approving and approving persons.
The right to carry out development is granted to employees of the contractor, subcontractor, customer, or specialized organization who meet the listed requirements. For unique and one-time construction and installation work, the last option is most often chosen, since the companies involved in the preparation of project documentation have the most experience. As a result, time costs are reduced, there are no errors or problems with the approval of CTD.
Initial documentation for the development of PPRk
Crane works project is developed based on:
- Technical specifications submitted by the customer.
- Construction conditions at existing enterprises.
- PIC approved.
- A technical report reflecting the soil characteristics at the work site.
- The master plan, which indicates existing (designed) structures, substations, communications, networks located above and below ground.
- Working documentation.
- Data reflecting the results of the inspection of objects subject to reconstruction, which will continue to function during construction and installation work.
Along with these documents, the FNP for PS is used, which lists the requirements for the safe operation of lifting structures at hazardous sites. Rules for drafting are in the RD PPRk.
Composition of PPRk
Drawing up a CTD requires large-scale calculations, a proper study of the construction site, a list of equipment used, and technological processes.
PPRk confirms that the characteristics of the cranes used correspond to the conditions of the ongoing construction and installation work. The wind load and seismic activity at the site of use of the substation, the safe distance from overhead power lines, pedestrian traffic areas, and vehicles are taken into account. The document must state how close you can get to equipment, structures, areas where building materials and structural elements are stored.
If cranes operate near pits, indicate the requirements for their installation and use. Separate calculations for safe operation are needed if several substations are used, standing in parallel or on the same rails. IN PPRk reflect the applied pointers and delimiters.
Slinging and storage
IN PPR PS includes a list of the lifting devices used. When developing, it is necessary to select and graphically depict methods for tying loads moved using lifting structures. Drawings and diagrams are drawn up for each transported element when their dimensions and weight differ significantly. If construction and installation work involves tilting, choose safe methods for carrying it out.
Based on the master plan, places where cargo will be stored and access roads are selected. IN PPR cranes there should be information about the placement of personnel sanitary rooms, recreation areas, and drinking water installations. But it may be missing if it is duplicated in the PIC.
Safe work performance
When compiling PPR cranes take into account the conditions at the location of the lifting structures. Based on them, measures are developed to ensure the safe conduct of construction and installation work. What may they include:
- Identification of dangerous areas where there are (may arise) factors that can harm the life and health of workers involved in construction and installation works with lifting mechanisms. The FNP for PS indicates methods for calculating their sizes.
- Development of conditions that help prevent the emergence of dangerous areas in places where cargo is moved by cranes, there are operated structures (civil and industrial), there may be people, and pedestrian routes.
To accomplish these tasks, special means of forcibly limiting the operating area of the substation are selected. It is required to reduce the speed of the boom to a minimum when the load is located at a distance of less than 7 m from the boundary of the construction and installation work site.
Safety distances and graphic information
PPR PS applies to the conditions of cargo transportation. The document contains safe distances:
- From the bottom of the transported cargo to the elements of buildings and structures that protrude vertically more than others. The minimum distance is 0.5 m. If the highest areas are platforms and ceilings where people work, then the safe distance should exceed 2.3 m. The length of the slings and the dimensions of the traverses (if used) are taken into account in the calculation.
- Boom elements, counterweight to the highest areas of objects.
A cross-section of the building with the upper and lower limits of the crane boom reach is graphically depicted. All metal elements that may protrude when rotated 180° are marked with a dotted line.
The document must take into account and indicate the dimensions of the most horizontally protruding elements of the object. These may include cornices, balcony blocks, bay windows, entrance lobbies, and canopies.
Lift application
If during construction and installation work with a joint venture a lift will be used on the site, development of PPRk includes the selection of conditions and measures for installation and proper operation. The OTD lists the circumstances under which work at height cannot be carried out:
- Certain wind speed.
- Presence of ice, unfavorable weather conditions (thunderstorms).
- Limited visibility: precipitation, fog, darkness.
They are selected based on the passport data of the lift used
The developer must prohibit the attachment of technological and installation equipment to equipment, building structures, and pipelines that are not intended for this purpose.
If several cargo, cargo-passenger, and façade lifts are used simultaneously, conditions for safe operation are developed for them. The same applies to the use of these mechanisms with tower cranes.
Safe work using lifting structures
When compiling PPR PS be sure to draw up a section devoted to organizing safe construction and installation work. It lists requirements affecting:
- Simultaneous use of several cranes, PS.
- Use of coordinate protection of lifting structures.
- Joint movement of cargo by several lifting mechanisms.
- Movement of a crane with a fixed object. Moving cargo over structures where construction and installation works with substation or other technological processes are carried out.
- Placement of the crane above communications laid underground.
- Moving loads through floor openings.
- Organization of communication between the slinger and the crane operator via radio.
- Use of cargo containers.
This section should contain an extract from the documents containing data on the minimum wind force at which the use of the crane is prohibited. If substations equipped with a magnet (grab) are used, a separate work procedure is developed.
PPR for loading and unloading operations
For typical operations and those carried out at stationary locations using cranes, a technical specification is drawn up. But if they belong to the complex category (for example, moving goods with two lifting mechanisms), it is necessary to develop a PPR taking into account the characteristics of the technological processes being performed. What does it include besides the instructions it contains? project for the production of works using PS:
- Warehousing rules, cargo placement schemes.
- A graphic representation of the area where the PS, dangerous departure zones of transported elements, movement routes of special equipment, sling fixation schemes, and cargo placement are indicated.
- Measures to organize a workplace in the storage area of building materials, structural elements, and devices.
The explanatory note must contain a list of transported goods, cargo and their characteristics (weight, dimensions).
Certification for development of PPRk
Certification of specialists and managers is carried out on the basis of RD 03-444-02. The exam is accepted by the commission of the organization and departments of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. Tickets related to the activities of the person being certified are drawn up. Knowledge is tested within the scope of his job duties.
Main themes:
- Current industrial safety requirements.
- Normative legal acts, NTD.
What kind of certification can be:
- Primary. Upon taking up a position, changing organization, or taking a break from work for more than a year.
- Periodic. It takes place at least once every 3 years.
- Extraordinary. If new or revised regulations, normative and technical documents come into force, technical devices and technologies are introduced that were not previously used.
Because of the last point development of PPRk delegated to specialized organizations, since they have the opportunity to timely certify staff with each innovation.
Coordination and approval
Who is included in the list of persons with whom it is necessary to coordinate crane work project:
- The head of the organization that developed it.
- Owners of lifting machines used during construction and installation work.
- Owners of power lines, if work is carried out at a distance of less than 30 m from power lines.
- Manager or responsible representative of an existing enterprise (during reconstruction, expansion, technical re-equipment).
The PPRk is approved by the head of the general contractor, after which this document must go through two stages:
- Expertise by organizations that meet the requirements of Russian legislation. The specialists performing it must be certified in this area, and the company must have a license.
- Registration of expert opinion with Rostechnadzor.
Control and responsibility
The documentation developer is responsible for compliance with industrial safety requirements. According to clause 1.10 of the RD PPRk, this person must monitor the progress of construction and installation work at the site. If serious violations are detected, he is obliged to inform the Rostekhnadzor department that regulates the operation of lifting structures.
What are the contractor's responsibilities:
- Organization of the development of PPR corresponding to the construction and installation work carried out, the equipment used, and the conditions of the construction site.
- Providing the project with cranes for personnel involved in technological processes using lifting structures.
- Control of familiarization (under signature) of all persons responsible and involved in the PPRk.
Disturbances and changes
To obtain permission to use PS, the facility must have:
- Project for carrying out work on lifting structures.
- Conclusion of the industrial safety examination of the PPRK, which was approved by Rostechnadzor.
- The act of setting up PS safety devices.
Violations include:
- Failure to implement safety measures reflected in the PPRk.
- Lack of guidance documentation.
- The use of lifting structures is not as specified in the PPRk instructions.
The result will be sanctions from supervisory authorities.
