We connect the risers according to the formula:

On those risers where the pressure loss on the risers is more than 15%, then on these risers we provide for the installation of a diaphragm ( throttle washer) according to formula (5.6):

, mm (5.6)

where Gst is the coolant flow in riser No. 5 (Table 4.3);

р w – required pressure loss in the washer, Pa.

For riser No. 6:

For riser No. 9:

6 Selection of heating unit equipment

Building heating systems should be connected to heating networks:

Through the elevator, if it is necessary to reduce the water temperature in the heating system and the available pressure in front of the elevator, sufficient for its operation;

6.1 Substation of a heating system with dependent connection, with a water-jet elevator and façade regulation

Basic equipment thermal unit

water jet elevator;

heat meter;

sump;

hand pump;

input fittings;

drain fittings;

air outlet fittings;

control and measuring instruments.

6.2 Selection of a non-adjustable water jet elevator

Water jet elevators are designed to lower the temperature of superheated water coming from the heating network into the heating system to the required temperature by mixing it with water that has passed through the heating system. The elevator consists of a nozzle, a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffuser.

In design practice it is used water jet elevator grade 40s106k TU26-07-1255-82, made of carbon steel with a coolant temperature of up to 150°C (Figure 6.1).

Figure 6.1. Water jet elevator diagram

Table 6.1 - Design characteristics of various standard sizes of elevator 40s10bk

Elevator number	mixing	Dimensions, mm					Nozzle diameter d s, mm	Weight, kg

Determination of the elevator number, nozzle diameter and mixing chamber is carried out by calculation in the following order.

The water consumption in the heating system is determined by the formula, t/h:

(6.1)

Where
- total heat loss of the building, W;

c is the specific heat capacity of water, equal to c = 4.187 kJ/(kg °C);

t g, t o - parameters of the coolant in the supply and return pipelines of the heating system, °C.

(t/h)

The mixing coefficient is calculated:

(6.2)

where  1 =150°С are the parameters of the coolant in the supply pipeline in the heating network.

The estimated diameter of the elevator mixing chamber, mm, is determined by the formula:

(6.3)

Where
=1.285 kPa - the required pressure developed by the elevator, taken equal to the pressure loss in the main circulation ring.

The design diameter of the nozzle, mm, is calculated using the formula:

(6.4)

=3 mm

The pressure required for the operation of the elevator, 10 kPa, is determined by the formula:

(6.5)

There is pressure in front elevator unit, 10 kPa, taking into account hydraulic losses in the pressure regulator according to the formula:

(6.6)

kPa

After determining the estimated diameter of the mixing chamber d k , mm, according to Table 6.1, the elevator number with the nearest largest diameter d k (d k = 15 mm) is selected.

Elevator 40s10bk No. 1, d k =15 mm, was adopted.

Washers installed in pipe lines for transporting liquid play an important role in the uniform distribution of the coolant. In the water supply system they are a water flow regulator, and in the heating circuit they are installed in order to fix the required power heating devices. That is, they are a balancing fluid flow regulator.

Purpose and design of shims

The heating network diagram represents complex design, consisting of a boiler, pipe fasteners, lines, batteries, a coolant distributor, circulation pumps and an expansion tank. The throttle washer in the heating system is needed to uniformly distribute the hot water flow moving through the pipes. Without it, the coolant from a boiler or other heating source is distributed unevenly. That is, more hot water flows into the rooms located near the boiler room, and the remainder goes to the distant rooms.

The throttle washer, mounted in the heating system on pipeline branches, is a metal part with a selected hole smaller than the diameter of the pipe. Thanks to such control elements, it is possible to effectively heat rooms with the least energy consumption.

Due to the presence of washers in the heating pipeline of the building total consumption The coolant in the heating system is reduced by 1.5 - 3 times, from which the following advantages can be distinguished:

• saves Electric Energy, necessary for the operation of circulation pumps;
• the fuel consumption required to heat water to the required temperature in the pipeline is reduced;
• the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat source increases.

Installing throttle washers in a heating system requires certain knowledge and skills. Therefore, such work must be performed by qualified specialists.

Installing the throttle washer

In practice, the process of washering a heating pipeline is carried out in several stages.

• inspection for uniform temperature distribution of the heating system, starting from the source and ending with the remote heating point;
• a diagram is drawn up indicating the pipe diameters, shut-off valves and lengths;
• obtaining temperature data separately for each room;
• analysis of the shortcomings of the two-pipe heating network.

• calculations are made of throttle valves with holes;
• an algorithm is being developed to improve the operation of the heating system;
• Throttle elements are installed on pipeline bends - they are mounted in places where valves are installed at the inlet to the consumer or in threaded pipe connections.

• checking the assembled heating circuit
• study of improvement criteria after installing washers;
• replacing washers in places where there is no required indicator - replacement is carried out with dampers with a smaller or larger diameter, depending on the temperature in a particular section of the line;

Of the specified technological and technical process algorithm, the most important thing is the ability to accurately calculate the diameter of the washers. To do this, it is necessary to use figures obtained from calculations, which must be consistent with the reference data.

How to calculate the throttle washer

The diameters of the throttle element holes are calculated using the formula:

When the calculation is performed, the provided formula requires taking into account:

H - throttled pressure (m water column);

G – flow rate of heat-carrying liquid (t/hour).

It is important to know that before installing throttle diaphragms, you must thoroughly flush the heating system. To ensure that the system is not forgotten by debris, it is necessary to install washers of at least 3 mm. You also need to know that dismantling washers in systems under pressure is prohibited.

Setting the size of the washers must be done for each room. Maximum efficiency achieved when they are installed on all circuits and in all rooms. In parallel with the installation of these elements, it is necessary to check the functioning of the circulation pumps and their compliance with the required standards.

Washing the heating network will allow you to distribute hot water throughout all rooms depending on their needs. In this way, you can heat the furthest points to the required temperature without additionally increasing the power of the heat source.

A device that is a disk with a hole inserted into a pipe to locally increase hydraulic resistance to the flow of liquid, steam or gas. Applicable in steam boilers, heat exchangers and other devices for equalizing flow through parallel-connected pipes, as well as for eliminating pressure pulsations in pipeline systems of piston compressors and pumps, etc. With special processing of the edge, it can be used as a measuring diaphragm.

see also

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

See what “Throttle washer” is in other dictionaries: throttle washer

- - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics of energy in general EN throttle orificeorifice plug ... throttle washer at the entrance to the pipe - - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics of energy in general EN entrance orifice ...

Technical Translator's Guide adjusting throttle washer - - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics of energy in general EN entrance orifice ...

- - [Ya.N.Luginsky, M.S.Fezi Zhilinskaya, Yu.S.Kabirov. English-Russian dictionary of electrical engineering and power engineering, Moscow, 1999] Topics of electrical engineering, basic concepts EN control orifice ... throttle [flow] washer - - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics of energy in general EN entrance orifice ...

- throttle [flow meter] diaphragm - [A.S. Goldberg. English-Russian energy dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general Synonyms throttle [flow meter] diaphragm EN orifice gageorifice gauge ... A disk with a hole inserted into the pipe to locally increase hydraulic power. resistance to the flow of liquid, steam or gas. It is used in steam boilers, heat exchangers and other devices to equalize flow through parallel-connected pipes, and... ...

Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary R NP ABOK 3.2.1-2008: Apartment heating units in multi-apartment residential buildings - Terminology R NP ABOK 3.2.1 2008: Apartment heating points in apartment buildings residential buildings

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In every part of the Russian Federation there is a need to heat a dacha in winter. Everyone knows that heat sources always increase in price. It is impossible to imagine the existence of someone living in Russian Federation without heating the cottage. Every resident wants to figure out how to improve the heating complex of their dacha. This web portal presents many different home heating systems that use completely unique principles for generating heat. It is recommended to install the listed heat production complexes independently or in combination.

Calculation of throttling washers - Coursework, section Construction, Heating and ventilation of a residential building Calculation of throttling washers. After the Hydraulic Calculation is Performed.

Calculation of throttling washers. After performing the hydraulic calculation, the risers and half rings are linked.

We link the half rings 5.4 If it is impossible to link the pressure losses, we provide for the installation of throttle washer diaphragms according to formula 5.6. Examples of design of the design diagram of the heating system main plan of the 1st floor at elevation. 0.000 typical floor plan at elevation. 3,000 of the basement plan at elevation-2,200 are given in Appendices E, G, I, K. 45 Table 5.2 - Statement of hydraulic calculation of the heating system account. Q, W G, kg h l, m mm R, Pa V, m s Rl, Pa.m Z, Pa. P, Pa P, Pa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 13 14 1 St.2 2 St.3 3 45 6 Selection of heating unit equipment The main purpose of the thermal unit centralized heating group central heating station, individual - ITP, local MTP is the transformation of the coolant parameters of the heating pressure network. Pa, and temperature. C to the parameters required for heating systems t1. Heating systems of buildings should be connected to heating networks - directly when the hydraulic and temperature conditions heating network and local system - through the elevator, if it is necessary to reduce the water temperature in the heating system and the available pressure in front of the elevator is sufficient for its operation - through mixing pumps, if it is necessary to reduce the water temperature in the heating system and the available pressure is insufficient for the operation of the elevator, as well as when implementation automatic regulation systems. 6.1 Substation of the heating system with dependent connection, with a water-jet elevator and per-facade regulation The heating substation with per-facade regulation ensures adjustment thermal regime heating of the building facade depending on the deviation of the room air temperature, changes in the outside air temperature, the amount of solar radiation on the outer wall and the influence of infiltration.

Due to regulation, they increase comfortable conditions in heated rooms and ensures a reduction in heat consumption for heating from 4 to 15. The heat transfer of heating devices on facades A and D is regulated by changing the amount of coolant.

What is the temperature controller type RTK-2216-DP used for? having a resistance sensor.

Internal temperature sensors are placed on each facade and installed on the first tvn, C, and on the upper tvv, C, floors on the inner wall at a height of 1.5 m from the floor. Outdoor air temperature sensors tн, С, on each facade are installed at a height of at least 2 m from the ground with a protective casing from solar radiation.

Sensors tvn and tvv regulate the deficit or excess of heat and give a command to the temperature controllers at each phase. In this case, the passage opens or closes and, accordingly, the coolant flow is redistributed depending on the heat demand of both facades. The total coolant flow at the inlet remains constant, which ensures the hydraulic and thermal stability of the heating system and heating networks.

For façade regulation, depending on the connection diagram, a pump or a water-jet elevator can be used as a mixing device.

The main equipment of the heating unit is Appendix L. water-jet elevator. heat meter. sump. hand pump. input fittings. drain fittings. air outlet fittings. control and measuring instruments. 6.2

Source: http://allrefs.net/c43/1pjb2/p11/

Hydraulic calculation of steam pipelines is carried out using the specific friction loss method [see. formulas (4.8) and (4.9)] or the reduced length method [formulas (4.11), (4.12) and (4.13)].

Auxiliary tables for hydraulic calculation of steam pipelines using the method of specific friction losses are similar in structure to the table in Appendix IX. Table for calculating steam pipelines low pressure is given in Appendix XVII, and the pg values ​​are given in Appendix XVIII.

The values ​​of local resistance coefficients are taken according to Appendices V and VI.

The pressure loss in local resistances is approximately assumed to be 35% of total losses(see table 4.2).

To overcome resistances not taken into account by the calculation, a margin of 10% of the design pressure is left.

Pressure linkage in interconnected parts of the system is carried out taking into account pressure losses only for those areas that are not common to these parts. The difference in pressure loss in interconnected areas should not exceed 25%.

The steam pressure in the boiler for low-pressure steam heating systems depends on the length I of the steam line from the boiler to the most distant riser and is taken as follows:

If it is impossible to balance pressure losses in interconnected parts of the system, throttling washers are used, installation options for which are shown in Fig. 11.6. If necessary, install one washer on the riser for all heating devices of a given riser or on branches to the devices, if the difference in pressure loss between the devices of the riser in question exceeds 300 Pa.

The diameter of the throttling washer (mm) is determined by the formula

Solution. We select the calculated direction according to the areas with a higher load along the path to the heating device furthest from the boiler and designate them with numbers from / to 7. Data on the loads (kW) on the areas and their lengths are entered into the calculation form, where we also note the local resistances available on areas.

Based on the value of Rud = 65 Pa/m, we determine the diameter of the steam pipelines, the speed of steam movement and the actual values ​​of R from the loads of the sections in Appendix XVII. The values ​​of the local resistance coefficients are taken according to Appendices V and VI, and the values ​​of rd - according to Appendix XVIII. We summarize the calculation data in table. 11.2.

As a result of the calculation, a pressure loss in the calculated direction of 3384 Pa was obtained. Taking into account the required pressure in front of the device and a 10% margin for unaccounted losses, the steam pressure in the boiler should be

The remaining sections of the heating system branch under consideration are calculated in a similar way.

The diameters of the condensate lines shown in Fig. 11.7, selected in accordance with the data in Appendix XIX.

The same calculation method is used for open-loop low-pressure steam heating systems.

The selection of the required heating area of ​​heating devices with the coolant “saturated steam” is determined by density heat flow per 1 ecm according to the formula

The number of elements is determined similarly for other devices.