Connection diagrams for heating systems are dependent And independent. In dependent schemes, the coolant enters the heating devices directly from the heating network. The same coolant circulates both in the heating network and in the heating system, therefore the pressure in heating systems is determined by the pressure in the heating network. In independent schemes, the coolant from the heating network enters the heater, in which it heats the water circulating in the heating system. Heating system and heating network separated by the heating surface of the heat exchanger and thus hydraulically isolated from each other.

Any scheme can be used, but the type of connection of heating systems must be chosen correctly to ensure their reliable operation.

Independent connection diagram for heating systems

Applicable in the following cases:

1. for connecting tall buildings (more than 12 floors), when the pressure in the heating network is not enough to fill heating devices on the upper floors;
2. for buildings that require increased reliability of heating systems (museums, archives, libraries, hospitals);
3. buildings with premises where access to outside service personnel is undesirable;
4. if the pressure in the return pipe of the heating network is higher permissible pressure for heating systems (more 60 m.water column or 0, 6 MPa).

RS – expansion vessel, RD – pressure regulator, RT – temperature regulator: OK – check valve.

Network water from the supply line enters the heat exchanger and heats the water of the local heating system. Circulation in the heating system is carried out by a circulation pump, which ensures a constant flow of water through the heating devices. The heating system may have an expansion vessel that holds a supply of water to make up for leaks from the system. It is usually installed at the highest point and connected to the return line to the suction of the circulation pump. During normal operation of the heating system, leaks are insignificant, which makes it possible to fill the expansion tank once a week. Make-up is made from the return line via a jumper, made for reliability with two taps and a drain between them, or using a make-up pump if the pressure in the return line is not enough to fill the expansion vessel. A flow meter on the make-up line allows you to take into account water withdrawal from the heating network and make payments correctly. The presence of a heater allows for the most rational control mode. This is especially effective at positive outdoor temperatures and at central quality regulation in the break zone of the temperature graph.

The presence of heaters, a pump, and an expansion tank in the circuit increases the cost of equipment and installation, and increases the size heating point, and also requires additional costs for maintenance and repairs. The use of a heat exchanger increases specific consumption network water to the heating point and causes an increase in the temperature of the return network water by 3÷4ºС on average for the heating season.

Dependent connection diagrams for heating systems.

In this case, heating systems operate under pressure close to the pressure in the return pipe of the heating network. Circulation is ensured by the pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines. This difference ∆Р must be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the heating system and thermal unit.

If the pressure in the supply pipe exceeds the required level, it must be reduced by a pressure regulator or throttle washer.

Advantagesdependent circuits compared to independent:

• simpler and cheaper subscriber input equipment;
• a larger temperature difference in the heating system can be obtained;
• reduced coolant consumption,
• less pipeline diameters,
• operating costs are reduced.

Flawsdependent schemes:

• rigid hydraulic connection of the heating network and heating systems and, as a result, reduced reliability;
• increased complexity of operation.

There are the following methods of dependent connection:

Scheme of direct connection of heating systems

She happens to be the simplest scheme and is used when the temperature and pressure of the coolant coincide with the parameters of the heating system. To connect residential buildings, the temperature of the network water at the subscriber input must be no more than 95ºС, For industrial buildings- no more 150ºС).

This circuit can be used to connect industrial buildings and the residential sector to boiler houses with cast iron hot water boilers operating at maximum temperatures 95 – 105ºС or after TsTP.

Buildings are connected directly, without mixing. It is enough to have valves on the supply and return pipelines of the heating system and the necessary instrumentation. The pressure in the heating network at the connection point must be less than permissible. Cast iron radiators have the least strength, for which the pressure should not exceed 60 m.water column Sometimes flow regulators are installed.

It is used when it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the coolant for heating systems according to sanitary and hygienic indicators (for example, with 150ºС before 95ºС). For this purpose, water-jet pumps (elevators) are used. In addition, the elevator is a circulation stimulator.

Most residential and public buildings are connected under this scheme. The advantage of this scheme is its low cost and, most importantly, the high degree of reliability of the elevator.

RDDS – pressure regulator upstream; SPT is a heat meter consisting of a flow meter, two resistance thermometers and an electronic computing unit.

Advantageselevator:

• simplicity and reliability of operation;
• no moving parts;
• does not require constant monitoring;
• performance can be easily adjusted by selecting the diameter of the replacement nozzle;
• long term services;
• constant mixing coefficient with fluctuations in pressure drop in the heating network (within certain limits);
• Due to the high resistance of the elevator, the hydraulic stability of the heating network increases.

Flawselevator:

• low efficiency equal to 0.25÷0.3, therefore, to create a pressure difference in the heating system, it is necessary to have an available pressure of 8÷10 times larger;
• constancy of the elevator mixing coefficient, which leads to overheating of the premises during the warm period heating season, because it is impossible to change the ratio between the amounts of network water and mixed water;
• dependence of pressures in the heating system on pressures in the heating network;
• In the event of an emergency shutdown of the heating network, the circulation of water in the heating installation stops, resulting in the risk of water freezing in the heating system.

Circuit with a pump on a jumper

Applicable:

1. in case of insufficient pressure drop at the subscriber input;
2. with sufficient pressure difference, but if the pressure in the return pipe exceeds the static pressure of the heating system by no more than 5 mwater st.;
3. the required power of the heating unit is high (more than 0.8MW) and goes beyond the capacity of manufactured elevators.

In the event of an emergency shutdown of the heating network, the pump circulates water in the heating installation, which prevents its defrosting for a relatively long period (8 - 12 hours). This pump installation scheme ensures the lowest energy consumption for pumping, because the pump is selected according to the flow rate of mixed water.

When installing mixing pumps in residential and public buildings It is recommended to use silent foundationless pumps of the TsVTs type with a capacity of 2,5 before 25 t/hour. More high reliability have imported pumps, which are currently beginning to be used at heating points.

Replacing elevators with pumps is a progressive solution, because... allows to reduce the consumption of network water by approximately 10% and reduce the diameter of pipelines.

The disadvantage is the noise of the pumps (foundation) and the need for their maintenance.

The scheme is widely used for central heating stations.

Diagram with a pump on the supply line.

This scheme is used when there is insufficient pressure in the supply line, i.e. when the pressure is lower static pressure heating systems (in high-rise buildings).

The design pressure of the pump must correspond to the missing pressure, and the performance is selected equal to the total water flow in the heating installation. The filling of the heating system is ensured by the pressure regulator RD, and the pressure difference between the supply and return lines is throttled in the control valve on the jumper (DK - throttle control valve). With its help, the required mixing ratio is established. When unstable hydraulic mode heating network, the check valve on the supply line is replaced by a downstream pressure regulator (RDPS), to which a pulse is applied when the booster pumps are stopped.

Scheme with a pump on the return line

This scheme is used when it is unacceptable high blood pressure in the return line. It is most often used at the end sections, when the return pressure is high and the differential is insufficient. The pumps operate in the “mix-pump” mode, which reduces the pressure in the return line and increases the difference between the supply and return pipelines. A pressure regulator on the return line is necessary in static mode, when the pumps operate as circulation pumps. In this case, the pressure regulators on the supply and return lines are forcibly closed, and the subscriber input is cut off from the heating network. To regulate the reduced pressure in the return line, a throttle control valve (DC) is installed on the jumper, with the help of which the mixing ratio is regulated.

When using pump mixing at heating points, it is necessary to install a backup pump along with the working pump. In addition, increased reliability in power supply is required, since turning off the pump leads to the flow of superheated water from the heating network into the local heating system, which may damage it. In the event of an accident in the heating network, in order to save water in the local heating system, a check valve is additionally installed on the supply line and a pressure regulator on the return pipeline.

Schemes with a pump and an elevator

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in schemes with an elevator and a centrifugal pump. In this case, failure centrifugal pump leads to a decrease in the mixing coefficient of the elevator, but will not reduce it to zero, as with pure pump mixing. These schemes are applicable if the pressure difference in front of the elevator cannot provide the required mixing coefficient, i.e. she's smaller 10÷15 m water Art., but more 5 mwater Art. In existing heating networks, such zones are extensive. The schemes allow for stepwise temperature regulation in an area of ​​high outdoor temperatures. Installing a centrifugal pump with a normally operating elevator when the pump is turned on allows you to increase the mixing ratio and reduce the temperature of the water supplied to the heating system.

There are 3 possible pump activation schemes in relation to the elevator:

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1 is used if the pressure loss in a stopped pump is small and cannot significantly reduce the mixing ratio of the elevator. If this condition is not met, scheme 2 is used.

Scheme 2

For small pressure drops, it is necessary to close valve 1 in scheme 3.

Scheme 3

Another scheme that can provide two-stage control in an area of ​​high outside air temperatures is a two-elevator scheme.

Scheme 4

Shutting down one elevator leads to a decrease in the consumption of network water and an increase in the mixing coefficient. Each elevator can be designed for 50% of water flow, or one for 30-40%, and the other for 70-60%.

Elevators have been developed with adjustable nozzle. By introducing a needle, the cross-section of the nozzle and, accordingly, the mixing coefficient change. This allows you to reduce the consumption of network water during the warm period and increase the mixing coefficient, while maintaining a constant flow rate in the heating system. No matter how perfect the elevator design is, the error and maneuverability with dependent connection will not increase. In recent years, due to the increase in the construction of high-rise buildings, the use of independent schemes for connecting heating systems through water-to-water heaters has been growing. The transition to independent circuits makes it possible to widely use automation and increase the reliability of heat supply. It is advisable to use independent connection of heating systems in networks with direct water supply, which eliminates the main drawback of these systems, namely, the low quality of water used for hot water supply.

Connection diagrams for heating systems are dependent And independent. In dependent schemes, the coolant enters the heating devices directly from the heating network. The same coolant circulates both in the heating network and in the heating system, therefore the pressure in heating systems is determined by the pressure in the heating network. In independent schemes, the coolant from the heating network enters the heater, in which it heats the water circulating in the heating system. The heating system and the heating network are separated by the heating surface of the heat exchanger and are thus hydraulically isolated from each other.

Any scheme can be used, but the type of connection of heating systems must be chosen correctly to ensure their reliable operation.

Independent connection diagram for heating systems

Applicable in the following cases:

1. for connecting tall buildings (more than 12 floors), when the pressure in the heating network is insufficient to fill heating devices on the upper floors;
2. for buildings that require increased reliability of heating systems (museums, archives, libraries, hospitals);
3. buildings with premises where access to outside service personnel is undesirable;
4. if the pressure in the return pipeline of the heating network is higher than the permissible pressure for heating systems (more 60 m.water column or 0, 6 MPa).

RS - expansion vessel, RD - pressure regulator, RT - temperature regulator: OK - check valve.

Network water from the supply line enters the heat exchanger and heats the water of the local heating system. Circulation in the heating system is carried out by a circulation pump, which ensures a constant flow of water through the heating devices. The heating system may have an expansion vessel that holds a supply of water to make up for leaks from the system. It is usually installed at the highest point and connected to the return line to the suction of the circulation pump. During normal operation of the heating system, leaks are insignificant, which makes it possible to fill the expansion tank once a week. Make-up is made from the return line via a jumper, made for reliability with two taps and a drain between them, or using a make-up pump if the pressure in the return line is not enough to fill the expansion vessel. A flow meter on the make-up line allows you to take into account water withdrawal from the heating network and make payments correctly. The presence of a heater allows for the most rational control mode. This is especially effective at above-zero outside air temperatures and with central quality regulation in the break zone of the temperature graph.

The presence of heaters, a pump, and an expansion tank in the circuit increases the cost of equipment and installation, increases the size of the heating unit, and also requires additional costs for maintenance and repairs. The use of a heat exchanger increases the specific consumption of network water at the heating point and causes an increase in the temperature of the return network water by 3÷4ºС on average for the heating season.

Dependent connection diagrams for heating systems.

In this case, heating systems operate under pressure close to the pressure in the return pipe of the heating network. Circulation is ensured by the pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines. This difference ∆Р must be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the heating system and thermal unit.

If the pressure in the supply pipe exceeds the required level, it must be reduced by a pressure regulator or throttle washer.

Advantages dependent circuits compared to independent:

• simpler and cheaper subscriber input equipment;
• a larger temperature difference in the heating system can be obtained;
• reduced coolant consumption,
• smaller pipeline diameters,
• operating costs are reduced.

Flaws dependent schemes:

• rigid hydraulic connection of the heating network and heating systems and, as a result, reduced reliability;
• increased complexity of operation.

There are the following methods of dependent connection:

Scheme of direct connection of heating systems

It is the simplest scheme and is used when the temperature and pressure of the coolant coincide with the parameters of the heating system. To connect residential buildings at the subscriber input, the temperature of the network water must not exceed 95ºС, for industrial buildings - no more 150ºС).

This circuit can be used to connect industrial buildings and the residential sector to boiler rooms with cast iron hot water boilers operating at maximum temperatures 95 - 105ºС or after TsTP.

Buildings are connected directly, without mixing. It is enough to have valves on the supply and return pipelines of the heating system and the necessary instrumentation. The pressure in the heating network at the connection point must be less than permissible. Cast iron radiators have the least strength, for which the pressure should not exceed 60 m.water column Sometimes flow regulators are installed.

Scheme with elevator

It is used when it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the coolant for heating systems according to sanitary and hygienic indicators (for example, with 150ºС before 95ºС). For this purpose water jet pumps are used ( elevators). In addition, the elevator is a circulation stimulator.

Most residential and public buildings are connected under this scheme. The advantage of this scheme is its low cost and, most importantly, the high degree of reliability of the elevator.

RDDS - pressure regulator upstream; SPT is a heat meter consisting of a flow meter, two resistance thermometers and an electronic computing unit.

Advantages elevator:

• simplicity and reliability of operation;
• no moving parts;
• does not require constant monitoring;
• performance can be easily adjusted by selecting the diameter of the replacement nozzle;
• long service life;
• constant mixing coefficient with fluctuations in pressure drop in the heating network (within certain limits);
• Due to the high resistance of the elevator, the hydraulic stability of the heating network increases.

Flaws elevator:

• low efficiency equal to 0.25÷0.3, therefore, to create a pressure difference in the heating system, it is necessary to have an available pressure of 8÷10 times larger;
• constancy of the elevator mixing coefficient, which leads to overheating of the premises during the warm period of the heating season, because it is impossible to change the ratio between the amounts of network water and mixed water;
• dependence of pressures in the heating system on pressures in the heating network;
• In the event of an emergency shutdown of the heating network, the circulation of water in the heating installation stops, resulting in the risk of water freezing in the heating system.

Circuit with a pump on a jumper

Applicable:

1. in case of insufficient pressure drop at the subscriber input;
2. with sufficient pressure difference, but if the pressure in the return pipe exceeds the static pressure of the heating system by no more than 5 m water st.;
3. the required power of the heating unit is high (more than 0.8MW) and goes beyond the capacity of manufactured elevators.

In the event of an emergency shutdown of the heating network, the pump circulates water in the heating installation, which prevents its defrosting for a relatively long period (8 - 12 hours). This pump installation scheme ensures the lowest energy consumption for pumping, because the pump is selected according to the flow rate of mixed water.

When installing mixing pumps in residential and public buildings, it is recommended to use silent foundationless pumps of the TsVTs type with a capacity of 2,5 before 25 t/hour. Imported pumps, which are now beginning to be used at heating points, have higher reliability.

Replacing elevators with pumps is a progressive solution, because... allows to reduce the consumption of network water by approximately 10% and reduce the diameter of pipelines.

The disadvantage is the noise of the pumps (foundation) and the need for their maintenance.

The scheme is widely used for central heating stations.

Diagram with a pump on the supply line.

This scheme is used when there is insufficient pressure in the supply line, i.e. when this pressure is lower than the static pressure of the heating system (in high-rise buildings).

The design pressure of the pump must correspond to the missing pressure, and the performance is selected equal to the total water flow in the heating installation. The filling of the heating system is ensured by the pressure regulator RD, and the pressure difference between the supply and return lines is throttled in the control valve on the jumper (DK - throttle control valve). With its help, the required mixing ratio is established. In case of unstable hydraulic conditions of the heating network, the check valve on the supply line is replaced with a downstream pressure regulator (RDPS), to which a pulse is applied when the booster pumps are stopped.

Scheme with a pump on the return line

This scheme is used when the pressure in the return line is unacceptably high. It is most often used at the end sections, when the return pressure is high and the differential is insufficient. The pumps operate in the “mix-pump” mode, which reduces the pressure in the return line and increases the difference between the supply and return pipelines. A pressure regulator on the return line is necessary in static mode, when the pumps operate as circulation pumps. In this case, the pressure regulators on the supply and return lines are forcibly closed, and the subscriber input is cut off from the heating network. To regulate the reduced pressure in the return line, a throttle control valve (DC) is installed on the jumper, with the help of which the mixing ratio is regulated.

When using pump mixing at heating points, it is necessary to install a backup pump along with the working pump. In addition, increased reliability in power supply is required, since turning off the pump leads to the flow of overheated water from the heating network into the local heating system, which can lead to damage. In the event of an accident in the heating network, in order to save water in the local heating system, a check valve is additionally installed on the supply line and a pressure regulator on the return pipeline.

Schemes with a pump and an elevator

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in schemes with an elevator and a centrifugal pump. In this case, failure of the centrifugal pump leads to a decrease in the mixing coefficient of the elevator, but will not reduce it to zero, as with pure pump mixing. These schemes are applicable if the pressure difference in front of the elevator cannot provide the required mixing coefficient, i.e. she's smaller 10÷15 m water Art., but more 5 m water Art. In existing heating networks, such zones are extensive. The circuits allow for stepwise temperature control in the zone of high outdoor temperatures. Installing a centrifugal pump with a normally operating elevator when the pump is turned on allows you to increase the mixing ratio and reduce the temperature of the water supplied to the heating system.

There are 3 possible pump activation schemes in relation to the elevator:

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1 is used if the pressure loss in a stopped pump is small and cannot significantly reduce the mixing ratio of the elevator. If this condition is not met, scheme 2 is used.

Scheme 2

For small pressure drops, it is necessary to close valve 1 in scheme 3.

Scheme 3

Another scheme that can provide two-stage control in an area of ​​high outside air temperatures is a two-elevator scheme.

Scheme 4

Shutting down one elevator leads to a decrease in the consumption of network water and an increase in the mixing coefficient. Each elevator can be designed for 50% of water flow, or one for 30-40%, and the other for 70-60%.

Elevators with an adjustable nozzle have been developed. By introducing a needle, the cross-section of the nozzle and, accordingly, the mixing coefficient change. This allows you to reduce the consumption of network water during the warm period and increase the mixing coefficient, while maintaining a constant flow rate in the heating system. No matter how perfect the elevator design is, the error and maneuverability with dependent connection will not increase. In recent years, due to the increase in the construction of high-rise buildings, the use of independent schemes for connecting heating systems through water-to-water heaters has been growing. The transition to independent circuits makes it possible to widely use automation and increase the reliability of heat supply. It is advisable to use independent connection of heating systems in networks with direct water supply, which eliminates the main drawback of these systems, namely, the low quality of water used for hot water supply.

Some private houses located within the city are located next to central heating networks. Some of them are even connected to district heating. More in demand is individual heating rather than centralized. But if the house is already connected to centralized heating, then few people will change it. And even more so if there are problems with autonomous system. To create joint work between consumers and a heat source, a dependent and independent heating system is used. Let us consider in more detail the features of such heating systems in our article.

Volatility is the ability of a heating system to operate without power supply. And energy independence is necessary in cases where long and frequent power outages occur. Many people install emergency power in their home. For this purpose they are used rechargeable batteries with an inverter or electric generator.

After a power outage occurs, the automation will immediately turn on emergency power. But there is a big drawback to emergency power supply: the high cost of the equipment.

But what can be done to ensure energy independent heating? You can find a solid fuel boiler that does not need to be connected to the network. But automation in solid fuel, gas, pellet and other boilers cannot work without electricity. But still, there are some boiler options that have simpler controls.

But a boiler that is non-volatile will not be as economical. And also the room will not create a constantly comfortable temperature regime.

Also for this efficient heating nessesary to use circulation pump, which also runs on electricity. Therefore, it is not so easy to create a non-volatile heating system that will work efficiently.

Dependent heating system

A dependent system is often called an open system. And it is called that because the heat carrier is taken from the supply pipe to supply the house hot water. Dependent circuit is often used in administrative, multi-apartment and other buildings that are intended for common use. Peculiarity open system is that the coolant flows through the main networks and goes directly into the house.

If the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline is no more than 95°C, then it can be sent to heating devices. But if the temperature exceeds 95°C, then it is necessary to install elevator unit at the entrance to the house. With its help, water that comes from heating radiators is mixed into the hot coolant to lower its temperature.

Nobody paid before Special attention coolant flow rate, so this scheme was often used. A dependent heating system does not require large installation costs. There is no need to lay additional pipes to provide your home with hot water.

But in addition to the above advantages, there are also disadvantages dependent system heating:

1. Make adjustments temperature regime indoors is problematic. Valves quickly fail due to poor quality of the coolant.
2. From the main pipes, various dirt and rust enter the heating radiators. Steel and cast iron radiators continue to operate without any changes. But in aluminum batteries, the ingress of rust and dirt has a detrimental effect on operation.
3. Although the coolant undergoes all the required desalting and cleaning, it still passes through rusty main pipelines. Accordingly, the coolant cannot be good quality. This factor is a big disadvantage, since the coolant is used for water supply.
4. Because of repair work Pressure drops in the system or even water hammer often occur. Such problems can seriously affect the performance of modern heating radiators.

Independent heating system

In an independent heating system, the central heating network and heat distribution systems are hydraulically separated. The heating medium is heated in the heating network, and then it enters the individual heating units of consumers.

In a centralized independent system there is a real and a calculated temperature graph. In the real graph, the temperature depends on weather conditions. If there are no severe frosts, then the temperature of the coolant will be much lower than the calculated one. The calculation schedule has maximum temperature coolant and can be 105/70oC or 95/70oC.

In a heat exchanger, the primary coolant transfers heat to the secondary one. It circulates through each of the systems.

The liquid that passes through the lines does not enter the house. Heating is obtained by heat transfer.

Let's consider the advantages of an independent heating system:

• The use of coolant of different temperatures.
• The temperature in each heat distribution network can be flexibly and precisely controlled.
• A dependent circuit is 40% more expensive to operate than an independent circuit.
• Long service life.

The only disadvantage is the high cost of construction.

Which system is better

It is difficult to answer which heating system is better. In large heating networks and multi-storey buildings, more than 12 floors high, use only an independent heating circuit. In such a scheme, it is possible to simultaneously maintain the same temperature and level of coolant circulation in all systems.

High equipment costs with good fuel economy are best used for buildings with large area. It is difficult to say which scheme is suitable for heating a particular building without special knowledge. To do this, you need to contact a specialist.

An independent heating scheme is expensive. Therefore, it is more advisable to use it for large areas.

At individual scheme In a residential building, more than one heat exchanger is used. The primary heat carrier heats the secondary one, as well as hot water for water supply.

For residents, there is no choice about the heating system. Since designers choose a dependent or independent heating system for a building. And in small villages it is almost everywhere absent central heating. Almost all residents have individual heating. In this case, an important issue is the energy independence of the heating system.

First, let's figure out what an independent heating system means. First of all, it should be clear that this system heating system can operate without providing it with electricity. The difference between an independent heating system and other types is that it is not connected to the heating circuit.

The dependent system is completely subordinate to the source of its energy supply. It is presented in the form of a boiler, pipes and radiators interconnected into a single whole. Hot water circulates in a circle continuously. In a dependent system, there is no way to independently regulate the temperature of the supplied water and to turn off the heating early when it gets warm. A dependent heating system is tightly tied to the heating main as the main source of coolant.

Features of an independent heating system

An independent heating system connection scheme does not depend on energy sources. There is a negative side to such a heating system - the high cost of its installation. In an independent system it is possible to use process water for third party needs. As you can see, a dependent heating system is more accessible in terms of installation on site. It is installed without much knowledge. It is important to study in detail the scheme of upcoming work.

Individual heating in a private home allows you to save money by reducing fuel consumption. It can be customized individually to suit personal desires, creating comfortable conditions residence. The dependent heating system is filled with process water. It leaves behind sand and salts, which over time clog the pipes, disrupting the normal process of water circulation. As for an independent heating system, you can use purified water when installing it. This approach will extend the life of the equipment.

But there is another important point - dependence on electricity. An independent connection diagram for the heating system allows you to do without electricity.

You can purchase a boiler that will operate on solid fuels. The boiler is presented in the form of a steel tank, thermostat and mechanical regulators. This will allow you not to be tied to the gas pipeline. But there is also a not entirely pleasant moment. It is necessary to periodically load fuel into the ash pit. To simplify the task, we recommend making a bunker and a conveyor for supplying fuel. Sawdust and firewood can be used as an energy source. You will need electricity to run the conveyor.

Heating boilers

The pyrolysis boiler operates in two stages. First, the wood is heated by supplying oxygen until gas is formed, and then the stage of fuel combustion occurs. To avoid the reverse movement of gases, you should think about an electric fan. Boilers with top combustion can operate for up to five days with a one-time supply of coal. Air is constantly moving. An ordinary fan contributes to this phenomenon.

Non-volatile boilers allow ignition using a piezoelectric element. When the fuel ignites, it is possible to manually adjust the strength of the flame. After extinguishing the burner, extinguish at high temperatures fuel, and the pilot operates in normal mode, evenly releasing heat.

Boilers that have a built-in electric ignition do not start working when the gas supply is stopped.

The non-volatile heating system starts working after the fuel has completely cooled to the set temperature. Electricity is needed to run the fan, which supplies air.

So how do you decide which is better? If your home is located far from a power line, or the electricity supply is unstable, it is better to choose the option of independent heating. A non-volatile boiler runs on gas without connecting to electricity. This heating option is economical; it allows you to reduce costs by 20% annually. You also get a system that allows you to manually regulate the flow of heat supplied and fuel consumption.

To prevent the house from cooling down if the heating is turned off, we recommend doing the following. The boiler is connected to a UPS with a high-capacity battery. You can also purchase a boiler that runs on diesel fuel.

Dependent and independent heat supply systems differ in the way they are connected and have fundamental differences. In future publications we will dwell in more detail on their differences and offer detailed, schematic calculations. Now we will present to you only the basic, conceptual definitions of the differences between the systems.

Dependent heat supply systems

In dependent heat supply systems there are no intermediate heat exchangers or heating points. Thissystems in which the coolant issteps directlyinto the consumer's heating system.
The main advantage of such systems is its simplicity from a design point of view.
The main disadvantage dependent heating systemis the extremely low efficiency of the system. The great difficulty in adjusting the temperature of the coolant during sudden temperature changes in the weather leads to overheating or underheating of the premises (decreased comfort), as well as to excessive consumption of consumed energy resources.

The use of this system in construction has now been abandoned.

Transfer from dependent heat supply system to independent allowingthere is no way to save on consumed resources 10-40% per year.
Independent heating systems This systems in which The heating system of consumers is separated from heat producerthrough the use of hydraulically isolated circuits. They are used as hydraulic circuit isolators. heat exchangers various designs (tubular, plate, etc.). This is a classic heat supply scheme using central heating points and is currently most widespread in the construction of new microdistricts.
CONCLUSIONS:
An independent heating system hasthe following important advantagescompared to dependent, This
1. Fine adjustment possible The amount of heat, supplied to the consumer (through regulationcoolant temperature in the consumer circuit);
comment: in in this case it becomes possible to adjust the temperature of the coolant depending on the temperature of the outside air, which in turn allows you to achieve a stable, comfortable air temperature in the room (20-22 degrees C) under any sudden temperature or weather changes.
2. High reliability b system is provided by integrated approach to the design of a heat supply system for a populated area and is ensured by looping systems with the possibility of emergency switching of consumers from various heat supply sources.