These exotic plants have been grown by “home greenhouse” lovers from different countries for quite some time. These indoor flowers are also grown in our country. Moreover, experts say that growing orchids at home is not too difficult. You just need to choose the right varieties for your apartment or office.

And those who are just planning to buy this exotic flowering perennial for the first time should first become familiar with the main popular varieties of orchids and their descriptions. Also, beginners should learn more about how best to care for these exotics so that the flowers do not die due to inept care.

Varieties of orchids with name, description and photo

Until recently, these delicate and original flowers could only be seen up close in a large greenhouse or hothouse, but now various varieties of orchids can be found on the windowsills of many indoor plant lovers’ apartments.

All the varieties of these lovely flowering perennials described below can be purchased at a supermarket or small flower shop, at a bazaar or in specialized stores.

Thanks to the work of breeders, you can now see on store shelves a large number of orchid hybrids that are quite unpretentious and feel great in a home environment. In addition, different varieties of these flowers will bloom for quite a long time (up to 2-3 months) at different times of the year. Therefore, you can choose the varieties of these flowers so that orchids bloom on the windowsill of your apartment all year round.

Before purchasing orchids, every gardener must decide why he is buying them. If this plant is in the apartment only until the end of the first flowering, and then it is simply thrown out, then you don’t have to work too hard caring for such orchids. But if the plants were purchased in order to create a corner in the apartment with constantly blooming orchids, in this case it will be necessary to create special conditions for them to grow and bloom.

Brassia

Brassia

The spider orchid or brassia warty looks very unusual thanks to its long thin petals and elongated sepals. They are what give the flower its resemblance to an exotic spider. The color of the petals is light green; the radius of Brassia flowers can reach 5 cm. The smell of this type of orchid (depending on the taste of the owner of the flower) may seem sweet or not very pleasant. Breeders have developed several hybrid varieties of spider orchids.

This perennial blooms in the second or third decade of May, and the “spider” flowers can remain on the orchid for up to 3 months.

After all the flowers have fallen, Brassia begins a dormant period. Therefore, the flower is transferred to a cool room (with air temperature from +10 to +15⸰С), where there is enough light for this orchid. However, it should not be placed in direct sunlight. The number of waterings is sharply reduced, and fertilizing should not be applied.

Perhaps this particular type of orchid is the most beautiful of all. Sometimes Vanda is called the queen of orchids, and this is quite fair. The main colors of the petals are blue, light blue, violet, red and orange. And the blooming buds exude a pleasant sweetish caramel aroma.

This variety of orchids does not require supports for peduncles and does not require special substrates for planting, however, there are some requirements that must be strictly followed. For good growth and flowering, you should regularly aerate the root zone of the plant, and also water the flower up to 5 times a week during the spring-summer season. In winter, the number of waterings is reduced to 1-2 every 7 days.

The genus Dendronium has a large number of varieties, differing in height, shape and color of buds. Different varieties can bloom at different times of the year, and also require different room temperatures in the winter - from 10⸰С to 15-16⸰С. These plants are usually classified as evergreen orchids, but there are also deciduous varieties that shed their foliage immediately after the last flowers fall.

These perennial houseplants need a bright, cool place, out of the hot rays of the sun.

When the dendronium fades, they practically stop watering it. But each species of this genus may require certain care. Among flower growers, varieties of Dendronium nobilis, whose flowers appear only in the spring, are in particular demand. The color of the petals is white or pink. For the winter, these orchids are placed in a cool, dry room.

The flowers of this type of orchid, when blooming, resemble the face of a monkey. This perennial blooms in almost all seasons. However, growing Dracula at home is a very difficult task, since this orchid needs to create special conditions. Therefore, it can be seen more often in greenhouses.

At home, the optimal place for this flower is a north window. The air temperature should be up to 25⸰С during flowering, and about 14⸰С during the dormant period. But if the high temperature lasts too long, the flowers begin to fall off.
Watering during active flowering should be regular.

This hybrid does not occur naturally. Cambria was bred from three different genera of orchids. Flowers take a long time to bloom and also take a long time to bloom. They can have different diameters and shapes. The flower stalks grow quite large, so they need support.

The best place for Cambria is a windowsill. If possible, the flower is placed on windows facing east or west. If you have to keep this orchid on a south-facing window, then you should protect the delicate plant from direct sunlight.

In winter, this perennial requires additional lighting at night.

In winter, the flower is kept in a room with an air temperature of at least 12⸰С. Watering does not stop even in the cold season - the nutrient soil mixture should always be moist.

This orchid has the largest and most beautiful flowers. Their main feature is the corrugated lip, which differs from the flower in its brighter color. However, not all species of this orchid can “boast” of large flowers - there are also dwarf species of cattleya, and the color of the flowers can be very diverse.

It is better to grow hybrid varieties indoors - they are easier to care for than the main varieties.

This plant can bloom from late May to early September. The lifespan of flowers is about 20 days (depending on the hybrid). After flowering ends, the plant needs rest. For 1.5-2 months, the cattleya is placed in a room where the temperature is around 14⸰C. The best place for it in the cold season is an east or west window. The perennial is watered infrequently during this period, but periodically the foliage should be wiped with a soft cloth dipped in warm water.

The flowers of this orchid are located one at a time on a peduncle. The color of their petals is bright yellow. At the same time, the plant can produce several flower stalks with buds. This orchid has a fairly strong pleasant aroma. This perennial grows and blooms during the summer season. During this period, it requires an air temperature of about 18-20⸰C and frequent watering. In winter, the perennial is placed in a cool room and the amount of watering is reduced. During active foliage growth, in addition to watering, it is necessary to regularly spray the foliage with a spray bottle. It is better to keep this orchid in light partial shade.

Among all the varieties of this orchid, the largest buds are those of Lycasta virgina - up to 7.5 cm in radius. It is very easy to grow virgin L., which is why it is most popular among novice gardeners. The main requirement for caring for this type of lycaste in winter is to completely stop watering during the dormant period. There are a large number of hybrid varieties of this orchid with large flowers of various colors.

This perennial least of all resembles an orchid in appearance. Lusidia is a small bush with small foliage and small flowers of light yellow color. The most important thing when caring for this flower is to ensure air humidity of about 74%.

This variety of orchids is one of the most capricious, so it is better not to grow miltonia at home. After all, this orchid requires a constant indoor temperature at any time of the year and high air humidity. Such conditions can be provided to the plant only in a greenhouse. However, thanks to the work of breeders, hybrids of this species have recently appeared that are not so demanding of external conditions.

Flowerpots with these flowers are placed on window sills facing west or east, and in winter the room temperature should not be lower than +13.5⸰С.

The blooming buds exude a pleasant, rather strong aroma, and the shape of miltonia flowers resembles the well-known pansy. The size of the blooming flowers of this perennial can be up to 4 cm in radius. The main colors of the buds are white, red, pink. Buds usually appear from the first ten days of May to the last ten days of July. Peduncles require supports during the flowering period, as they sag greatly under the weight of the blossoming buds.

Many varieties of oncidium are unusual and original due to their blooming flowers. In shape they are similar to various butterflies (for example, O. moth and O. tiger). But at home it is very difficult to create appropriate conditions for these orchids, so you can only see at home some oncidium hybrids, which are more unpretentious. They are placed in bright places where direct rays of the sun do not reach.

Also, these flowers need a constant flow of fresh air and high humidity. Therefore, the foliage should be sprayed several times a day, and trays with water should be placed around the pot. All these measures must be observed during the active growth of foliage and flowering of the orchid. When the oncidium fades, it is removed to a cooler place with an air temperature of about 10.5⸰C. The tall peduncles of hybrids usually contain a large number of small buds.

This type of orchid is most often grown indoors. Flat flowers bloom on long peduncles curved towards the top, which delight the eye of gardeners for 30 - 40 days. Phalaenopsis hybrids sold in specialized stores are unpretentious and do not require care and maintenance.

With minimal care they bloom almost all year round. Place these perennials in a bright place where the rays of the sun do not reach. In both winter and summer, the night temperature in the room should not be less than 17.5⸰С.

This perennial does not like coolness even at night. And for active growth of foliage and flowering, phalaenopsis requires a daytime temperature of about 27⸰C. And in the autumn (when the plant is dormant), this orchid is placed for 14-18 days in a cooler room than usual. The roots of phalaenopsis often extend beyond the flowerpot, but under no circumstances should they be cut off.

This type of orchid is quite large. However, recently dwarf cymbidiums have become more popular among gardeners, as they are much easier to care for. The colors of the petals of these small-sized perennials are varied.

Dwarf cymbidiums are usually grown by novice gardeners because they are less capricious and do not require special maintenance conditions.

Up to 18-22 buds (and sometimes more) appear on each erect, vertically growing peduncle. These flowers usually do not fade within 2-3 months. Cymbidium usually blooms from early autumn to mid-winter. After the last buds have faded, the plant should be watered less often.

In the summer, this orchid can be taken out to the balcony, shading it from the sun's rays. In winter, the room where this perennial is located must maintain a temperature of at least 11⸰C. The plant feels best in a bright room where there is sun either in the morning or in the evening.

Types of orchids: video

Currently, there are a large number of species and varieties of orchids, among which everyone will find a flower to suit their taste. But if a florist wants orchids to delight with their flowering for a long period, then he must adhere to the basic instructions for caring for the selected variety or hybrid.

Perhaps, few flowers can compare in beauty and unusualness with the outlandish overseas beauty orchid. No wonder this flower created a real sensation in Europe in the 18th century, and varieties of orchids cost a fortune. The variety of species of these flowering plants is impressive, and if previously they were grown in greenhouses and conservatories, today orchids can be seen in the homes of many indoor plant lovers.

Description and characteristics of the orchid flower

In the wild, orchids are found on all continents (excluding Antarctica), and there are more than 30 thousand species of these amazing plants. The orchid family is the largest, it includes not only varieties, but also hybrids obtained through the work of breeders.

ON A NOTE!

Orchids existed on Earth already at the end of the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous era).

The plant is rosette, has simple or alternate dense dark green leaves. The roots can be round or flat. Orchids have three types of root systems:

• vines;
• epiphytes;
• lithophytes.

Inflorescences are usually formed in the axils of the leaves; the number of flowers on peduncles depends on the variety. Inflorescences are either a raceme or a spike; some types of orchids have single flowers. Orchid flowers are characterized by mirror symmetry, as well as a certain construction scheme: three petals and three sepals. Among the petals, one particularly stands out in size - the so-called lip, which most often has a spur with nectar. The stamens are fused with the pistil, the anthers consist of nests (the number can be different - 2, 4 or 8). In this case, pollinium is formed in each nest - glued pollen.

The sizes of orchid buds, as well as their shapes, are different: from tiny to giant flowers (up to 15-17 cm). The color range is varied, from rare sky blue shades to violet, purple and orange.

The plant is a perennial; under appropriate conditions in the wild, the age of some orchid species reaches 80-120 years. Just as the sizes, shapes and shades of orchids are varied, the aromas of this flower are just as multifaceted. The smell is not persistent, but you can catch notes of coffee, rose, cinnamon, watermelon, vanilla, chocolate, and citrus. There are species without odor, there are orchids with a very bright and strong fragrance, others have a barely audible aroma, revealing only at certain times of the day.

The types of orchids are different, and therefore the conditions for growing these plants are also different:

• cool mode (for Australian dendrobiums, celogina);
• moderately warm conditions;
• orchids that need constant warmth (vandas, phalaenopsis, cattleyas).

The flower is quite demanding in terms of temperature, humidity, and type of soil (substrate), so not every gardener decides to grow it. But today a large number of hybrid forms have been developed that grow well at home if basic agricultural practices are followed.

How to determine the type of orchid by flowers

There are a great many species, varieties and hybrids of orchids, and it is not so easy to remember the names, as well as the characteristics of certain varieties.

Based on the type of growth, there are two large groups:

• monopodial;
• sympodial.

The first group includes plants that have one (hence the name “mono”) stem, directly on which leaves form. Buds of orchid flowers form in their axils. The stem is straight and grows upward, while plants of that group lack pseudobulbs.

The most common types of monopodial orchids are phalaenopsis and vanda. The latter can grow well and delight with flowering even without a substrate.

Sympodial species form several shoots that grow from the very base. Flowers are regularly renewed; as soon as one bud fades, new buds are formed in its place. Such orchids have pseudobulbs, which can be used as propagation material. This group includes beautiful cattleyas, magnificent cymbidiums, unpretentious dendrobiums, as well as laelia and oncidium.

The group of orchids that have luxurious leaves (varieties Goodyer, Makodes and others) is called Precious.

Varieties of orchids

The total number of orchid species has exceeded thirty thousand, and it is quite difficult to describe each of them. But there are those that are popular and widespread, and that’s what we’ll talk about.

Calypso bulbous

Delicate, graceful, fragile - these are the epithets most often awarded to this magnificent type of orchid. Because of the special shape of the flower, Calypso is often called “Venus’s slipper”, as well as “Lady’s slipper”.

The Calypso orchid grows in the cool forests of the northern territories and loves quiet places. In Russia, this wonderful flower is protected (listed in the Red Book); unfortunately, it is rarely found in the wild.

The flowers are solitary, formed on a stem up to 18-20 cm high. The color of the petals is pink, lilac, red, violet, purple. There is a very pleasant aroma.

Reproduction occurs through bulbs or by seed germination (the scheme is complex, since this requires the presence of special fungal thread-like formations).

Wanda blue

One of the most luxurious types of orchids, it is the only plant whose petals are painted sky blue by nature itself. Forms a large plant with hard, leathery, sword-shaped leaves and tall peduncles. It belongs to the epiphytes and forms powerful aerial roots. The flowers are large (up to 8-9 cm in diameter); an ornament representing an intricate script is visible on a blue background.

In the wild, there are more than a dozen different varieties of this species, but two are suitable for greenhouses and home cultivation, including blue vanda. Requires light and regular watering. The juice of this flower is used in official medicine (as a component of drugs to improve vision).

Cymbidium eburneum

Belongs to one of the most popular varieties of the orchid family, valued for its spectacular flowers. Cymbidium eburneum has an erect peduncle, which is crowned with a luxurious white flower with yellow spots. This species is native to the rainforests of China and Burma; hybrid forms are most often found on sale.

The second name of the flower is “ivory”; flowering begins in the spring and requires abundant watering, spraying, and moderate temperatures. The aroma of the flowers is bright and strong, reminiscent of the familiar lilac.

Odontoglossum cordate

A beautiful epiphytic orchid characterized by elongated upper flower petals and a heart-shaped lip. On the yellow background of the upper petals of the flower there are chaotic brown stripes and spots. The lip of the flower is pinkish with purple spots.

The plant is large in size and requires high-quality substrate and moderate watering. It needs a lot of fresh air, so in city apartments it is often grown on balconies and loggias. Cover from direct sun rays is necessary.

Habenaria radiata

This type of orchid is cultivated in Japan, China, Korea - in gardens, and also as a houseplant. In the Land of the Rising Sun, it is poetically called the White Heron Orchid, since the lip of the plant’s flower is very similar to the outstretched wings of a large bird.

The height of habenaria radiata reaches 20-30 cm, the peduncle is tall and strong.

The color of the petals is pearly white. The variety is considered quite whimsical and requires a certain temperature regime and special watering. Prefers a high level of humidity - up to 60-70%, does not tolerate drought.

Oncidium beautiful

Among the various species of orchids of the genus Oncidium, Oncidium beautiful stands out. This is a very large and beautiful orchid from the group of epiphytes, forming straight peduncles. Each of them produces 18-20 magnificent bright yellow flowers. The upper petals of the flowers have dark burgundy spots. The diameter of the flowers is up to 6-8 cm.

Young leaves of Oncidium beautiful have a green or grayish color, and in older plants they acquire a purple and even brown tint. The flowers have a pleasant aroma. This type of orchid is great for cutting; the flowers last up to three weeks.

Types of flowers

Orchids also differ in the types of root systems. After all, these are plants that grow in special conditions, significantly different from those created for ordinary indoor or garden flowers.

Epiphytic

This type of orchid in nature grows high above the ground, using trees and shrubs as supports and bases. They receive food from the air, a small amount of soil that accumulates in tree hollows, folds of bark, and on branches.

ON A NOTE!

The roots of epiphytic plants are strong, elastic, and have a greenish or silvery tint. These species of the orchid family are successfully grown at home.

Lithophytic

The growing conditions are somewhat different for lithophytic species, which are forced to adapt to life among limestones, hard rocks, rocks, and stones.

In general, their root system differs little from epiphytic representatives of orchids, but most often this species prefers humid conditions. Such orchids bloom well if there is a sharp change in daily temperatures and high air humidity.

In order to achieve flowering, they are often cultivated in special display cases. Some orchid genera include both lithophytic and epiphytic species, as well as terrestrial ones. For example, cymbidiums are lithophytic and terrestrial.

Ground

These types of orchids have similar growing conditions to other traditional flowers. They grow in the ground, the root system is represented by bulbs, cones or roots. In nature, such plants are common in the USA, European countries, and Russia; the height usually does not exceed 40-50 cm. Terrestrial orchids growing in the tropics are distinguished by larger sizes of both bushes and flowers.

Phalaenopsis

This genus of orchids is currently considered one of the most widespread. This is due to the fact that these are the orchids that can most often be seen in specialized stores, as well as the ease of care and unpretentiousness of the plants.

It is a representative of the epiphytic group, has shortened stems and a rosette of leathery leaves. Flowering can last up to 4-5 months. Due to the original shape of the flowers, phalaenopsis is often called a “butterfly” or a “moth” orchid.

All phalaenopsis are demanding on lighting. If there is not enough light, the orchid will not bloom.

The plant requires a special regime of watering (only after the substrate has dried), fertilizing, and an obligatory sample after flowering.

Today, many different types of phalaenopsis have been bred (about 40), differing in flower size, color, and shape.

Phalaenopsis Schiller

An epiphytic plant that grows naturally in the Philippines. It is distinguished not only by the presence of beautiful flowers, but also by equally luxurious leaves. The peduncles are hanging, long (up to 80-100 cm), a large number of flowers are formed on them. They open almost simultaneously, diameter is from 6 to 9 cm. Shades of the upper petals: light or dark pink; lip shades: violet, red, white-green, purple.

Phalaenopsis Amabilis

This variety of phalaenopsis is characterized by the presence of thick leaves (length up to 50 cm), large flowers (each can reach a diameter of 9-10 cm). When the right conditions are created, the plant can bloom all year, usually peaking in May. Generally unpretentious, but requires high humidity (60-70%).

On average, up to 15-20 flowers are formed on peduncles. They last up to six months and have a very pleasant strong aroma. The color of the petals and sepals is milky white, with a pink outer side. There are yellow or purple dots on the lip of the flower.

Phalaenopsis Stewart

An orchid from the Philippines, it blooms profusely and is easy to care for. It produces long (up to 80-90 cm) branched peduncles, on which a large number of flowers are formed. The aroma is not sharp, weak, pleasant.

The lateral petals and upper sepals are white, the lateral sepals are also white with yellow spots and purple dots. The lip also has a beautiful golden color with numerous purple dots.

This type of orchid can bloom all year round.

Phalaenopsis Luddeman

This type of phalaenopsis requires warmth (up to +34ºC during the daytime) and high humidity. The peduncles are of medium length, the flowers are variegated in color (pink, purple, lilac).

The peculiarity of the species is that the flowers bloom alternately, the diameter of each is up to 5 cm. Moreover, the petals are smaller in size than the sepals, which is not typical for phalaenopsis.

Orchid has a pleasant aroma. Each peduncle usually produces up to 6-7 flowers.

Phalaenopsis pink

This type of phalaenopsis is miniature, but is also distinguished by lush flowering. Up to 15 flowers bloom on peduncles - pink or white, reaching a diameter of 2-3 cm.

The color of the leaves of this species is original: their underside is reddish-green. Flowers bloom alternately.

Phalaenopsis Sandera

Belongs to a monopoidal species and is a very rare flower. The name was given in honor of the famous botanist and orchid lover Henry Sander. This type of phalaenopsis is distinguished by its exquisite beauty: up to 40-50 flowers bloom on long drooping peduncles. The diameter of the flowers is up to 8 cm. Shades: from milky white to soft pink. The leaves of the plant are also beautiful, having variegated colors.

Phalaenopsis Sander is considered not only rare, but also one of the most expensive among orchids.

Phalaenopsis equina

Beautiful Phalaenopsis equina with purple flowers can bloom all year long if good conditions are created. Peak flowering occurs in spring and autumn, when the largest number of magnificent flowers appear on the peduncles of this miniature orchid. Their diameter is up to 3 cm. Petals and sepals are pink, purple, lilac.

Phalaenopsis giant

When this orchid blooms, a sweetish citrus aroma is felt. Phalaenopsis giant got its name because of its large leaves, the length of which in adult plants can reach one meter. This is the largest species of phalaenopsis.

Up to 30 flowers are formed on long peduncles, the diameter varies from 3 to 7 cm. Colors: cream, yellow, yellow-green with purple and red spots.

It is considered one of the most spectacular species. Valued by breeders as a basis for crossing with hybrids and other species. It is difficult to grow at home; special conditions are needed, otherwise you will have to wait up to 8-12 years for flowering.

Indoor

With all the variety of species of these wonderful plants, not all of them can be grown indoors. Therefore, if you are excited about the idea of ​​​​breeding orchids, you need to know about the most suitable species for your home.

Brassia

Orchid “Spider” - this is how people affectionately call that flower. And all because its graceful flowers are very reminiscent of spiders.

This genus includes more than 50 different species.

Brassia flowers have thin narrowed sepals and shortened petals. Colors: brown, lemon, white, lilac. Almost all species of Brassia have speckles scattered on their flowers. Flowering is long lasting and is accompanied by a very bright and strong aroma (the smell is similar to the aroma of daffodils).

Cumbria

Three species of orchids (Miltonia, Brassia and Oncidium) “participated” in the creation of this magnificent hybrid. Cambria is often called "star" because its flowers look like miniature purple stars.

The color of the petals and sepals varies: from pink to crimson and purple. The size of the flowers is from 1 to 10 cm. The plant is characterized by narrow leaves, the presence of a large number of pseudobulbs, and long peduncles. Among gardeners it is considered the most unpretentious type of orchid. The hybrid was developed specifically for those who would like to grow an orchid at home.

Cattleya

This type of orchid is distinguished by its exquisite flowering and delicate aroma. The group includes more than thirty varieties, and a large number of hybrids have also been bred. The plant has long leathery leaves (up to 30 cm), original flowers of various shades: white, greenish, purple, crimson, lilac with various contrasting inclusions.

Flowering is long-lasting (up to 9 months). The flowers have a very delicate aroma, similar to lily of the valley.

Dendrobium

An orchid from the epiphytic group, the genus includes a huge number of species. Moreover, they all differ in size, shape and color of the petals, as well as growing conditions.

In nature, dendrobium grows on trees, hidden in their dense crown.

The leaves are oval, the shoots are medium sized, and have the appearance of a cylinder. During the flowering period, this entire cylinder is covered with flowers. Shades: white, dark purple, pink, orange, purple, with spots and dots. The number of flowers depends on the variety, ranging from 30 to 100 pieces on one peduncle. Almost all varieties of dendrobiums have a pleasant fragrant aroma.

Lycasta

This genus of orchids is the symbol of the state of Guatemala (Lycastus skinner's orchid). The genus includes more than four dozen orchid species, all of which have a pleasant, subtle, enchanting aroma.

Lycasta is an orchid that is suitable for growing indoors. Peduncles are formed in bulbs, each with one or two large flowers. Petals and sepals can have different colors: yellow (primary color), orange, white, pink, greenish-yellow, pink. The main color scheme contains contrasting spots, dots, and inclusions.

Lycaste orchid is an excellent cut flower.

Miltonia

The orchid is an epiphyte, which is often called “pansy”. The genus Miltonia includes about twenty different species of orchids. Valued for its unpretentiousness and beautiful flowers.

It has large leaves and large flowers. Shades depend on the type, among the predominant ones: white-yellow, purple, pink, milky white, lilac. Many varieties of miltonia have petals with spots, stripes, dots, and a border (pink on a white background, brown on a yellow background).

The aroma is pleasant. Miltonia has a long flowering period.

Odontoglossum

This genus of orchids is distinguished by very abundant flowering. Odontoglossum is a rare indoor plant; breeders have developed numerous hybrids based on it.

It has flat flattened bulbs, thin leathery leaves of a linear shape. Paniculate inflorescences are formed on long drooping peduncles; each can contain up to 15 flowers. The diameter of the flowers is up to 5-7 cm. The petals and sepals are narrow, have shades: burgundy, pink, yellow, brown, greenish. There are always spots and stripes (burgundy, brown). Orchid has a pleasant aroma.

Oncidium

One of the most common genera of indoor orchids. Unpretentious, with regular flowering (if appropriate conditions are created).

The flowers are mostly yellow in color, although there are varieties with brown-red, pink and white petals (twinkle, tiger oncidium). The complex name translated from Greek means “tongue” and “tooth,” which indicates the presence of special processes in this type of flower.

Cymbidium

One of the most beautiful orchids that are grown in apartments and also in greenhouses. The flowering plant has a very pleasant, delicate scent; it is not for nothing that the Chinese call cymbidium the “queen of aromas.”

It has long leaves, drooping peduncles, and luxurious large flowers. The color palette is very diverse: yellow, pink, white, purple, brown, green shades.

The largest types of cymbidium are grown in greenhouses for cutting. It is quite fastidious in care and requires the creation of certain conditions (temperature, watering, lighting).

One of the most luxurious and colorful is the black cymbidium - an orchid with dark purple, almost black flowers.

Orchid blue

One of the rare hybrids obtained as a result of breeding work by scientists in Japan. Not available for free sale.

The plant is characterized by small leaves, long peduncles, on which up to 25-30 buds of soft blue color can bloom.

ON A NOTE!

This hybrid should not be confused with orchids tinted blue and which are essentially fakes (for example, blue phalaenopsis). Such plants do not exist in nature.

An exclusive orchid that can only be in some collections of true orchid lovers.

Wanda

A genus of orchids often found among flower growers, which is valued for its easy care and beautiful flowering. It is believed that the American Indians gave this name to the flower.

The plant can reach one meter in height, forms a peduncle with a varying number of flowers (from 3 to 15). At the same time, plants can produce up to 3-4 flower stalks. Belongs to monopodial orchids; it does not form bulbs. Color range: lilac, blue, purple, pink white.

With proper care, flowering lasts up to 2-3 months; the plant blooms several times a year. The genus Vanda includes up to 50 species (combed, great, Suarez and others).

Yellow orchid

It is a hybrid species that was bred by breeders specifically for growing indoors.

The orchid is compact and has dark green leaves. About 10-50 medium-sized flowers are formed on one stem up to 50 cm long. Their color is mainly yellow, although there may be splashes of pink (in the core or on the lip).

The flowers have a pleasant honey aroma. With good and proper care, the orchid blooms for up to six months.

Phalaenopsis mini

One of the types of phalaenopsis, which is grown by many gardeners. Valued for its compactness, unpretentiousness, and high decorative properties.

This species grows well in apartments and private houses, blooming from spring until December. Usually forms one or two small strong peduncles with a large number of flowers. Shades: white, lilac, lilac, violet.

Often this miniature flower is used as a gift (phalaenopsis in a pot).

Dracula

A beautiful and unusual orchid with the exotic name Dracula leaves no one indifferent. The flower got its name for its resemblance to the mouth of a dragon, and it also looks like the funny face of a monkey. It grows naturally in Ecuador and Peru. The genus includes a large number of different species, many of them not even described by botanists.

Petal color: yellow-white, purple, crimson, violet, purple.

The orchid has a special colorful appearance, eccentricity and is a real decoration for any collection of home flowers.

Bulbophyllum

A bright and beautiful orchid is one of the favorites of flower growers in many countries. The genus includes a huge number of species; only a small part is grown at home and in greenhouses.

Depending on the variety, one or many flowers may form on the peduncles. In general, species of the genus Bulbophyllum

very different, differing in conditions of detention, shape and size, shades of colors, aroma. Color range: purple, orange, violet, brown. Aromas: coffee, bitter almonds, melon, honey, fresh cucumber. There are also types of bulbophyllums that have very unpleasant aromas (boiled cabbage, bleach, rotten meat).

Bulbophyllum is an unpretentious orchid that easily adapts to indoor conditions.

Caring for a home orchid during flowering

The agricultural technology of these wonderful plants has its own characteristics, which is why many people believe that orchids are difficult flowers to grow. In fact, this is not entirely true, the main thing is to know the basics, and also strictly adhere to the recommendations that are given for a specific type and variety of plants. Moreover, today there are many orchid hybrids that are created specifically for growing indoors.

Lighting

Not every type of orchid requires any special lighting regime; usually the amount of light that passes through the windows of city apartments is enough.

Lighting may be required in the dark season (especially for the regions of the North-West), as well as for plants that grow on the northern windowsills of the apartment.

ON A NOTE!

It is convenient to use fluorescent lamps.

Gemaria and phalaenopsis require the least amount of light, but for growing some types of dendrobiums and vandas, which grow in light seasonal forests and on the tops of tropical trees, good lighting is needed.

Temperature

An important condition for successful flowering of all types of orchids is the creation of the correct temperature regime.

There are three main groups of orchids:

1. Plants that need to create lower temperatures in winter, as well as in summer (at night). So, in the winter season, these orchids require a temperature no higher than +4... +7ºC, while the summer night temperature should not be higher than +12 ºC. If such conditions are not created, you will not be able to wait for the flowering of such types of orchids as lalias, cymbidiums, and lycastes.
2. Orchids that can be successfully grown under normal indoor conditions and for which +15 ºC (maybe a little higher) is enough. Cattleyas, oncidiums - these are the species that are the most undemanding in terms of temperature.
3. Maxillaria, phalaenopsis, and some types of oncidium need the most heat. The temperature should not be lower than +16…+17 ºC, with each type requiring certain values. In order for plants to bloom, you need to carefully study the temperature requirements of each species.

Watering

An interesting paradox: orchids are plants that generally consume small amounts of moisture, but at the same time, in order to bloom, it is necessary to strictly observe the flower irrigation regime.

When determining the watering regime for orchids, it is necessary to take into account the type and level of humidity of the substrate in which the flowers grow and the level of air humidity.

When the plant is at rest, watering is practically stopped; during periods of intensive growth, it is increased. At the same time, the condition of the substrate is monitored so as not to get an excess of moisture in it, stagnation of water and, as a result, rotting of the flowers.

In terms of air humidity: most orchid species require humidity in the range of 60-80%. It is difficult to create such conditions in apartments, but it is possible. To do this, they usually spray the aerial roots of plants, as well as the foliage with a spray bottle.

ON A NOTE!

The time for spraying is chosen so that the moisture has time to dry before evening and night. Also, do not spray plants that are in direct sunlight.

Transfer rules

In general, orchids do not need frequent replanting. A signal that it’s time to “move” to a new pot - the roots become crowded, the soil has become less porous, and a white coating is observed.

Orchids do not like to be disturbed, so you should always calculate the volume of the container and the quality of the substrate when planting.

Before replanting the plant, water it carefully (about a day in advance) so that the roots are more flexible. Old and dead roots are removed, and the cuts are sprinkled with crushed charcoal.

If the plant has grown too much, you can divide it, and a separate container with substrate should be prepared in advance for each part. It is mandatory to have drainage, as well as a special wire support for the orchid. The roots should be positioned freely, after which they are carefully sprinkled with substrate. The orchid must be tightly secured.

After replanting, the plant is provided with gentle conditions:

• remove from bright rays;
• provide coolness and the desired level of humidity.

It is not necessary to water in the first days; it is better to spray.

The watering regime must fully comply with the requirements of a particular type of orchid.

It is advisable to carry out all work with gloves, while replanting different types of orchids should be done with different gloves (so as not to spread possible diseases).

Reproduction

The most common method used for propagating orchids indoors is vegetative propagation. This can be done either by dividing the bush, cuttings, or using stem shoots (for a plant with pseudobulbs).

1. Reproduction by children. Such babies are formed on adventitious buds, as well as on peduncles. They are separated as soon as the children begin to form their own roots. This is how phalaenopsis is most often propagated.
2. Dividing the rhizomes of a bush. This option is usually used when transplanting plants. The root is cut into pieces with pruning shears, leaving several pseudobulbs on each section.
3. Division of a plant stem. Used in monopodial orchid species that do not form bulbs. In this case, carefully divide part of the plant stem so that aerial roots are present on each part. Place the divisions in the substrate.

ON A NOTE!

Such divisions take root best in sphagnum moss or wet sand in a special miniature greenhouse.

Bloom

Orchids usually bloom when they reach the age of 2 years, but only if they are provided with the right growing conditions.

When purchasing a plant in a specialized store, be sure to check the age of the flower.

In order to make an orchid bloom, it is often necessary to create a special temperature regime. Its peculiarity is the temperature difference between day and night. Usually the difference is up to 8 degrees.

Another trick: reducing watering for two weeks.

As soon as the orchid begins to form buds, watering is increased; many species also require a higher, stable temperature during this period. For flowering orchids, it is necessary to make supports so that the flower stalks do not break.

Typically, most orchids bloom for several months. Flowering can be either continuous or in stages. Everything is conditioned and depends on the plant variety, species, age.

During the flowering period, rearranging orchids is not allowed, as this may lead to the dropping of buds. It is recommended to maintain a stable watering regime, provide optimal lighting and temperature. If everything is done correctly, the orchid will bloom for a long time.

It is also recommended that during long-term flowering, fertilize the plant approximately once every 7-10 days. For this purpose, special means are used, in which potassium and phosphorus should predominate. All faded flowers are removed.

After the orchid has bloomed, the bare peduncle is carefully removed.

ON A NOTE!

After removing the peduncle, a small hole may remain. It is better to cover it with beeswax so that when watering, moisture does not get inside the orchid.

Only the dried peduncle is removed, but if it has a green end and has not withered, it is not touched. There is a chance that in the very near future it will begin to form buds again.

After flowering ends, the orchid goes into a dormant period. At this time, the plant can be replanted; it is also necessary to create special conditions for watering, lighting, and temperature. The dormant period lasts differently for all types of orchids, so it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each variety.

The imagination of novice flower growers, when they hear the word “,” immediately begins to draw large, brightly colored flowers, proudly rising above a rosette of lush dark green leaves.

But upon closer acquaintance with these tropical beauties, it turns out that far not all of them look this way.

And over time, an understanding comes that the attractiveness and value of an orchid is not always measured by the size of its flower. Collectors enjoy these plants for the beauty of the leaves, for the aroma or for their rarity in nature.

Orchids with small flowers are very rare and smell delicious.

Among the huge Orchid family, most species still have small flowers collected in clusters. And the splendor of the “daughters of the air” does not suffer at all from this. They only acquire additional shine and charm.

Orchids with small flowers

All orchids with small flowers can be conditionally divide into two groups:

• Small-flowered terrestrial perennials, common in temperate latitudes and, partially, in the subtropical and arctic zones. They grow in the wild and are only occasionally used for landscaping. Most of these species are endangered plants listed in the Red Book. Prominent representatives:
  1. Lyubka bifolia;
  2. The guide is radiant.
• with small flowers tropical and equatorial zones. Most species in this group are native to the countries of East and Southeast Asia, as well as Australia. Many of these orchids are widely grown indoors or used for propagation. Prominent representatives:
  1. Rhynhostilis obtuse;
  2. And King.

When describing tropical beauties, one can trace some pattern:

• Most species with large flowers grow in South and Latin America;
• And small-flowered ones mainly come from the Asian region.

The first mentions of the “daughters of the air” found in books of China written before 1600. They talk about the small-flowered Neophinetia, which Europeans described in Japan only in 1925. In the same place, but a little earlier - in 1863, Sidireya was found. And orchids with small flowers, such as Kaleana major or Dendrobium Kinga, were discovered for the first time in Australia.

Rhynhostilis

This genus of the Orchidaceae family can be classified as a very small community - according to various sources, it consists of 4 - 6 species that were previously part of the Vanda genus.

A distinctive feature of Rhynhostilis are inflorescences:

• Luxurious drooping brushes up to half a meter long or more;
• Densely composed of several dozen small flowers;
• And spreading a pleasant, lasting aroma.

Many small flowers grow on the thin stem of the Rhynhostilis orchid.

According to the method of growth, representatives of the genus belong to epiphytic plants, which allows them to rise towards the light in dense tropical forests, but at the same time be protected from direct sunlight.

The monopodial type of growth explains the presence of one thick and rather short (about 10 cm) plant, on which vaginal leaves alternately develop. The dark green leaf blade ends with a sort of torn edge, which is also characteristic of the genus. An orchid with small flowers, you can see the photo below.

Timing of species do not match:

• Some orchids in midsummer;
• Others prefer autumn and even winter.

But the general flower whose column resembles the shape of a bird's beak(rhynchos in Greek), gave its name to the entire genus.

There is no variety in color - available:

• Blue;
• And colorful options.

But the royal inflorescence can be forgiven for such a shortcoming. In terms of how long the flowers last, the tropical beauty belongs to the long-blooming type.

ATTENTION! Orchids of the genus Rhynhostilis are often found in home culture due to their fairly simple care requirements. But they live for a very short time: in nature - about six, and indoors - up to a maximum of 4 years.

In addition to pure species from gardeners intergeneric hybrids occur based on representatives of beak-shaped plants, preserving luxurious inflorescences as a sign of the genus.

Homeland and area of ​​growth in nature

Orchids of the genus Rhynhostilis were first described and are still growing:

• In natural conditions of mainland Southeast Asia;
• And also in Philippine;
• And the Indonesian islands.

Specimens of various types can be found:

• In the humid tropics of Cambodia;
• China;
• Laos;
• Vietnam;
• Thailand and other countries in this region.

Plants of the genus are chosen by the tropical forests of island countries (Philippines and Indonesia), where they grow quietly at an altitude of up to 700 m above sea level.

External characteristics

Representatives of the genus have a short and thick stem, on which alternate leaves and drooping inflorescences are densely formed. The shoot develops vertically and does not grow more than 10 cm.

Powerful roots do not need to grow in. They prefer to freely braid small wooden structures such as baskets, to hold the plant in a vertical position. Numerous aerial roots are protected by a thick layer of velamen.

The leaf plate can grow up to 35 cm. It is a rigid resemblance to a belt (since the width of the sheet does not exceed 5 cm), the similarity of which is added by the end of the sheet, torn in the form of a double tongue. Red and purple spots clearly appear on the dark green leaves.

– the main pride of this plant: from 20 to 100 small flowers are collected in a dense brush (from 40 cm), which grows from the axils of old leaves for a month and a half and hangs out of the vessel. In the inflorescence, the opening of flowers occurs gradually, so flowering can last from 3 to 6 weeks.

The flowers of the Rhynhostilis orchid are very small.

The flowers are very small (diameter within 2 cm), as if made of wax. The color of the narrow petals and rounded sepals is the same, slightly lighter than the color of the triple lip. The column resembles a beak. The flower has a spur at the back. Painting possible:

• White;
• Pink with spots;
• Blue;
• And raspberry.

The appearance of buds occurs in mid-summer or during autumn - winter depending on the type.

Varieties

Dulled

Carl Linnaeus described R. dulled back in the mid-18th century. Grows throughout East and Southeast Asia, loves moist alpine forests.

Rhynchostylis retusa (Blunt) 80 cm long.

A medium-sized orchid with small flowers, with curved leaf blades. The inflorescence grows up to 60 cm and unites more than 100 flowers. The color is soft pink with dark pink spots and a lip of the same color. Blooms between winter and spring. Indian symbol Assam.

Used in medicine when healing wounds, used in decorative landscaping, as well as as decoration at weddings and when meeting important guests.

Heavenly

In natural conditions, only in 4 countries:

• In Thailand;
• Laos;
• Cambodia;
• And Vietnam.

Rhynchostylis coelestis Heavenly.

Loves dry deciduous forests and high mountain areas. A small orchid that barely grows to 20 cm. The shoot produces aerial roots, similar in thickness to wires.

Leaves looks like a narrow belt, since the width of the plate is no more than 3 cm. Length - up to 20 cm. The inflorescence is less impressive than that of R. obtuse, only 20 cm. The flowers are also more miniature, their diameter is from 1.2 cm to 2 cm, and have a vanilla aroma .

Flower color gave the name to the species:

• Petals and sepals are white;
• Colored blue;
• And purple stains;
• And the tip of the white lip sparkles with blue paint.

Blooms for a long time: from April to December.

Rifera

Lives only in the Philippines, that is, it is endemic.

The inflorescences grow about 36 cm and consist of tiny (up to 1 cm in diameter) white flowers with a strong scent. We were unable to find a photo.

Growth and life cycle

Planting and placement in the house

IMPORTANT! They do not require planting in a substrate due to the need for aeration of the roots - just secure the plant with a large piece of pine bark on a block or in a wooden basket.

In room conditions difficult to adapt to change lighting, so they should be kept in the same place - on a windowsill with bright lighting and protection from direct rays.

The Rhynhostilis orchid has a hard time taking root indoors.

It is preferable to place it on south-facing windows.

Rules of care

The temperature is the same Anytime:

• Preferably at least 23 degrees during the day;
• And 5-8 degrees less at night.

Without temperature changes, orchids refuse to bloom. Requires strong lighting at least 10 hours a day, but are afraid of direct sunlight.

Plants without substrate with warm water in the morning so that the roots dry out by evening. When growing using bark, water only after it is completely dry.

To maintain high (more than 70%) air humidity, it is necessary use a humidifier. The entire growing season by adding to irrigation water, but not more often than after two weeks.

Reproduction methods

In indoor culture Not- only sometimes they give a weak one, which after formation should be carefully separated.

Rhynhostilis orchids are difficult to reproduce in apartment conditions. Pictured is Coelestis.

In large greenhouses they are grown from seeds or cloned.

Diseases and growing problems

Only aphids are found - treat with insecticide.

Striking – of different nature. They arise from waterlogging and low temperatures. To control - change the conditions of detention, if necessary, treat with a fungicide.

ADVICE! The main problem when growing is the lack of flowering. It occurs due to low lighting, lack of temperature difference, frequent movement of the plant or violation of the watering regime. To eliminate - check the conditions of detention .

Features of flowering

Time

Orchids depending on the type can bloom at any time of the year:

• R. obtuse blooms from January to April;
• And R. celestial prefers warm weather - from April to November.

Peduncles form within 1-1.5 months.

External characteristics of the peduncle and flowers

Inflorescences in the form of a brush- the main pride of plants of this species. They are much longer than the stem, drooping in shape, and consist of a large (from 20 to 100) number of flowers tightly adjacent to each other. The size of the brush, depending on the type, varies from 20 to 60 cm.

The flowers are small (1.2 - 2.5 cm), white, pink, blue or crimson in color with a contrasting tinted lip. Comprises:

• Two narrow petals;
• Three rounded sepals;
• Lips with curved sides;
• And a small spur at the back.

The beak-shaped column gives the genus its name.

Duration

Flowers in the inflorescence begin to open in order of priority, so the flowering period can stretch from 2 to 6 weeks - in different species in their own way.

Start

The orchid begins to bloom when successfully completed vegetative growth, that is, it has developed a powerful root system and several have formed. Peduncles appear in the axils of the lower leaves. The older the plant, the more inflorescences it can form.

Repeated

Due to the long main flowering period, repeated formation of flower stalks is impossible– the plant must rest and gain strength for the next season.

Greater Kaleana (Caleana major)

A very unusual and rare orchid, the flower of which in appearance resembles a small duck with wings spread for flight.

Caleana major - Flying duck.

This is an Australian endemic - it can only be found in the southeast of the continent, where it hides in swampy thickets, eucalyptus forests or mountainous areas. Not an epiphyte.

A miniature orchid (no more than half a meter) has only one leaf (size 12 cm x 0.8 cm) and produces 2-4 flowers. The diameter of the flower barely reaches 2 cm. The orchid is painted in bright colors:

• -brown;
• Violet;
• Less often green with pink streaks.

The blooming orchid can be found from September to January. is happening by luring an insect into a flower's trap.

It grows only in the wild, where it is very difficult to detect. Does not take root in indoor culture.

Dendrobium parviflora

Representative of the Asian region. This orchid is small-flowered. It belongs to the “aerial orchids” in appearance, especially during the dormant period, like all plants of the genus. resembles bamboo.

Small-flowered Dendrobium Berry Oda.

A peculiarity of this genus is the ability to form daughter shoots after the end of the growing season of the main stem, which significantly increases the lifespan of each specimen.

This is a full-cycle plant, that is, without a dormant period in the fall. flowering will not occur- instead of buds, children will appear.

Flowering occurs from mid-summer to October. Peduncles are erect with several (from 10 pieces) flowers. The diameter of the flowers is measured within 2 cm. Petals and sepals:

• Slightly elongated;
• Same in size;
• Snow-white color.

The lip is widened, white with purple lines. One plant can produce whole bouquet peduncles due to daughter shoots.

Neophinetia crescenta

This type grows:

• On the Japanese islands;
• It is also found in Korea;
• And China.

Neofinetia falcata "Akausagi".

Perennial representatives of the species can lead an epiphytic and lithophytic lifestyle. In their natural habitat they grow in clumps of sufficient density.

The orchid forms from the leaf axil at the same time several small inflorescences, which do not exceed 8 cm. 3-7 milky-white flowers bloom on the peduncle, emitting a pleasant aroma in the evening. The petals, lip and sepals are of the same narrowly elongated shape. The flower is no more than 2 cm; at the back it has a long spur, twice the size of the petals.

Rare forms of N. crescent are colored in various rainbow colors. Flowering occurs in the spring-summer period - from April to August, pollinated by moths and moths.

Attention! At home, N. crescenta needs a winter dormancy period.

Japanese Sidirea (Sedirea japonica)

Perennial epiphyte, found in the southern regions of Korea and Japan. Sometimes it can lead a lithophytic lifestyle.

Sedirea japonica.

It does not require a period of rest in winter, but for active flowering it requires a temperature difference during the growing season.

Flowering may occur at any time of the year, but the orchid blooms especially often in the summer months.

Drooping peduncles of this species form up to a dozen small (no more than 3 cm) flowers. The petals and sepals are narrow, the lip widens at the end. The color of the flowers is white or green with a brighter tone and burgundy stripes at the lip. The plant exudes strong citrus aroma.

Growing problems

Stimulation of flowering

The long absence of flowering in this group of orchids indicates improper conditions of detention. They do not require special methods for stimulating flowering - it is necessary to analyze the methods, find the wrong link and eliminate this problem. Flowering depends on lighting, the presence of temperature differences, watering regime and the movement of the plant from place to place.

Care for abundant flowering

The main condition for flowering of small-flowered orchids is this is sufficient illumination(at least 10 hours) – if there is a lack of light, additional sources should be considered.

CAREFULLY! Try not to move the orchid from its usual place - the plant has difficulty getting used to changes in lighting, which can affect flowering.

Affects flowering presence daily temperature difference– find a suitable place for the plant where the night temperature will drop slightly (further from the radiator, closer to the window, in a cooler room).

Why does a plant shed unopened buds?

Any case when an orchid that is preparing to bloom sheds is associated with a stressful situation for the plant. The cause of stress may be:

• A sharp change in temperature leading to freezing or overheating of the flower;
• Drafts from an open window or air conditioner;
• Insufficient lighting;
• Failure to comply with the watering regime.

To prevent buds from falling off it is necessary to protect the plant from cold and heat, illuminate in winter, protect from drafts and do not flood when watering.

In addition, the buds may cause ethylene, standing out from fruits and fading flowers - do not place them next to the orchid.

Useful video

Look at the video of various orchids:

Find out in the video why the buds of an orchid fall off:

Video instructions on how to stimulate orchid flowering:

Watch the video to see how orchids reproduce:

Conclusion

When choosing one of the types of small-flowered orchids for indoor culture, you should remember that these plants require a lot of attention and care. It is necessary to thoroughly study their life cycles and habits and strictly follow the rules of care:

• Maintain the correct lighting and temperature conditions;
• Monitor watering and humidity;
• Loving an exotic guest.

And the plant will respond with active growth and lush flowering.

In contact with

Kira Stoletova

Orchids are people's favorite indoor plants. But not every person has the opportunity to provide these flowers with proper care. There are less whimsical flowers, similar to orchids.

Sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish between different types of flowers externally. Some of them resemble an orchid. They can decorate a room or area just as well. This:

• alstroemeria;
• schisanthus;
• evening;
• iris.

They are used both as indoor crops and for decorating flower beds. To make them bloom faster, it is important to plant them in suitable soil and provide them with proper care.

Alstroemeria

Alstroemeria also has another name - “Alstroemeria”. She appears to be a cross between a lily and an orchid.

The plant is popular as a garden decoration. It attracts gardeners for several reasons:

• the bush of the desired color can be easily grown from seeds or prepared as seedlings;
• an adult flower is successfully propagated by division;
• The flower is planted in the warm period of spring, at the same time as tomato seedlings.

The optimal temperature in summer for the crop is not lower than 23°C. You should follow the watering and fertilizing regime, then flowering will occur faster and will be of better quality.

Alstroemeria loves loose nitrogenous soil, so it is fed with mineral fertilizers. The soil is loosened before planting. The flower is planted in an open, bright area without the scorching rays of the sun.

To make flowers cut from a flowerbed last longer, unopened buds and small leaves are cut off. They will open up in the vase and the bouquet will last longer.

Schizanthus

This species was called the "poor man's orchid." Schizanthus (another name is schizanthus) resembles varieties from the Orchid family, but itself belongs to the nightshade family. It is not often cultivated in home gardens, although it produces a large number of beautiful flowers.

It is also easy to grow from seeds if you prepare the seedlings in advance. Already at the end of May, small sprouts are planted in open ground.

Schizanthus is also suitable for growing as a houseplant:

• In summer it is placed on a ventilated balcony without scorching rays.
• In winter, they are brought into the apartment and left at rest for this period.

Schizanthus does not like overly moist soil. It reacts to excess moisture with accelerated stem growth and lack of flowering. Excessive moisture is also harmful to the root system: it can rot.

Lilac, white or carmine with spots, pinnate schizanthus resembles an orchid more than other species. This is an annual flower, so it will have to be planted annually. In favorable conditions, schizanthus grows so that its flowers cover the leaves.

Vechernitsa (night violet)

The nocturnal violet received the name “night violet” for its similarity with violets and because it smells strongly at night. This is a semi-wild crop that grows in self-gardens or is planted by humans. It is grown in flower beds - it is not a houseplant.

An adult flower has small inflorescences with 4 leaves, a large, well-defined stem, and drooping leaves.

Positive qualities of night violet:

• blooms for a long time - from May to August;
• unpretentious in care, survives drought and short cold snaps well;
• its seeds take root well in open ground and germinate well.

The crop does not require special care: it is enough to water it occasionally, if the drought persists, and weed it. She doesn't need feeding.

The noctule plant has one drawback: it is a two-year crop; it blooms only in the second year.

Iris

Iris combines a large number of varieties of different shapes and colors. The flowers are similar to an orchid, only tightly curled and with fringe at the edges. Irises are often chosen for growing in the garden, but they can also be grown indoors. One of these subspecies is Neomarica.

To achieve spectacular flowering in March, suitable conditions are created for it:

• In summer, keep it on the balcony, in a bright place, and be sure to ventilate it.
• In winter, set the temperature at 8°C-10°C, place the flower in a dark place for 2 weeks, do not water or fertilize.

Orchid (Orchidaceae, as well as Orchidaceae) is a plant of the flowering department, class Monocot, order Asparagusaceae, of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Orchids are one of the most species-rich families of the plant world.

The orchid plant acquired its name back in ancient Greece thanks to the philosopher Theophrastus, a student of Plato. As a result of scientific research, the scientist came across an unfamiliar flower with roots in the form of a pair of bulbs and gave it the name “orchis”, which means “testicle” in Greek.

Orchid (flower): description and photo

Orchid flowers constitute one of the largest plant families, the main part of which in nature are perennial herbs. The shrub form and woody vines are less common. The size of orchids can vary from a few centimeters, although some species grow up to 35 meters in height.

The roots of the epiphyte orchid are extremely important organs because they perform many essential functions.

Firstly, with their help, orchids are attached to the substrate, which allows them to maintain a vertical position. Secondly, the roots actively participate in photosynthesis, sharing this function with the leaves. Thirdly, with the help of the root system, orchid flowers absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and the bark of the plants on which they live.

Another, smaller part of orchids are lithophytes, growing on rocky and stony rocks. Terrestrial orchids form a medium-sized group.

Both types are endowed with underground rhizomes or tubers.

The green stem of an orchid can be long or short, creeping or erect. The leaves are simple, alternate; there may be one or more of them on each plant.

Orchid flowers of the most varied colors and sizes form 2 types of inflorescences: a simple spike with a single arrangement of flowers or a simple raceme with several flowers on stalks growing along the stem.

The orchid flower is an insect-pollinated plant, and the pollination mechanisms of each species are sometimes unusual and very diverse. Shoe orchids, which have a “shoe-shaped” flower structure, are equipped with a special trap for pollinating insects.

Orchids have sticky legs, the flowers of this orchid imitate the smell of female bees, thereby attracting males.

The flowers of tropical orchids intoxicate insects with an unusual aroma, while other species shoot pollen towards the pollinating insect.

Orchis

The orchid fruit is a dry capsule containing up to 4 million microscopic seeds, which is a kind of productivity record among flowering plants.

The lifespan of orchids in natural conditions is individual, depends on many factors and, under favorable conditions, can reach 100 years. In greenhouse conditions, many types of orchids live up to 70 years.

Types of orchids, names, descriptions and photos

The modern classification of orchids, developed by the American scientist Dressler, contains 5 subfamilies, each of which is divided into several genera and many species:

• apostasiaceae ( Apostasioideae)

A primitive subfamily consisting of 2 genera: non-vidia ( Neuwiedia) and apostasy ( Apostasia) and 16 species of orchids, which are small herbaceous perennials. These orchids grow in Australia, New Guinea, Indochina and Japan.

• Cypripediaceae (Cypripedioideae)

They represent 5 genera and 130 species of orchids, consisting of terrestrial, rock and epiphytic perennial herbs. One of the famous genera is the Lady's slipper, 5 varieties of which are found in Russia. The range of the subfamily is distributed over temperate, tropical and subtropical latitudes of all continents except Africa.

• vanilla ( Vanilloideae)

This subfamily includes 15 genera containing 180 species of orchids. Herbaceous plants or vines are distinguished by a large number of flowers in an inflorescence. Fruits of representatives of the genus Vanilla ( Vanilla) contain vanillin, widely used as a spice, perfume industry and pharmacology. These orchids grow in the tropics of the African continent, Central and South America and Asian countries.

• Epidendral ( Epidendroideae)

The largest subfamily consists of more than 500 genera, forming over 20 thousand species of orchids. They are epiphytic perennials, less often terrestrial herbs, and extremely rarely lianas. A notable genus is Dactylostalyx ( Dactylostalix), listed in the Red Book of Russia. And also the genus Cattleya ( Cattleya), characterized by fragrant, large, exceptionally beautiful inflorescences. These orchids grow in the temperate, tropical and subtropical zones of all continents.

• orchidaceae (orchidaceae) (Orchidoideae)

The subfamily unites 208 genera and almost 4 thousand species of perennial land plants with erect stems. The genus of orchids Anakamptis (lat. Anacamptis) with beautiful spike-shaped inflorescences of bright color. As well as representatives of the genus Fingerroot, or Dactylorhiza (lat. Dactylorhiza), the dried roots of which are used in cases of poisoning and as a nutritional component in case of depletion. These orchids are found on all continents except Antarctica. Genus Phalaenopsis (lat. Phalaenopsis) is also very common; representatives of this genus are widely cultivated at home.

Phalaenopsis orchid

The shades of Phalaenopsis orchids can be classified as follows:

• black Orchid;
• blue orchid;
• blue orchid;
• yellow orchid;
• red orchid;
• purple orchid;
• White orchid;
• pink orchid.

Phalaenopsis Orchid

Orchid varieties, names, descriptions and photos

There are an endless variety of varieties and varieties of orchids, among which are the following:

• Cattleya lipped (Cattleya labiata)

One of the largest representatives of cultivated orchids, although small cattleyas are also found. This variety has a very beautiful flower with petals covered with a waxy coating and a corrugated “lip”. The colors of the orchid flower, which “lives” for almost three weeks, are the most multifaceted - from soft pink and beige tones to deep purple.

• Orchid Cymbidium (Cymbidium)

An excellent variety of orchids, resistant to stress and easy to care for. Hanging peduncles contain 10-13 orchid flowers of the most unimaginable palette - from boiling white to purple or bright orange. This variety of orchid blooms profusely and continuously for 8-10 weeks.

• Lycasta fragrant “Golden”(Lycaste aromatica)

This variety of orchid is loved by connoisseurs for its spectacular bright lemon-colored flowers with a delicate and persistent aroma. Peduncles are tall, up to 25 cm, flowers in diameter often exceed 15-17 cm.

• Darwinar's orchid (Darwinara)

A miniature orchid hybrid with very dark, leathery leaves and an elegant inflorescence, which includes small, 2-3 cm in diameter, blue-violet flowers. The inflorescence is racemose and may contain 7-12 flowers with a delicate aroma.

• Potinara « Burana Beauty» (Potinara Burana Beauty, Rhyncattleanthe)

The hybrid is distinguished by luxurious variegated yellow-red flowers with wavy petals. The peduncle of the orchid is of medium height; this variety of orchid blooms all summer, and with proper care it pleases with its beauty even in the first autumn month.

• Cymbidium"Twelve" (CymbidiumTwelve)

An orchid with long, rather narrow leaves. The bud of the Cymbidium “Twelve” orchid is whitish-pink in color, with a slight reddish speck. Inflorescences drooping, racemose, short.

• Orchid Dendrobium Nobile (Dendrobium nobile)

D sometimes reaches 60 centimeters in height, the minimum height of this individual is about 30 centimeters. The diameter of one flower varies from 4 to 7 centimeters. And the branch of the Dendrobium Nobile orchid can have inflorescences of different tones.

Where do orchids grow?

Representatives of the largest family of orchids adapt so easily to living conditions that they have spread almost throughout the entire globe and feel comfortable in absolutely all climatic zones, except for the harsh Antarctica. The majority of orchid species grow in the tropics, but these luxuriously flowering plants can also be found in temperate latitudes. Europe and Asia, the countries of North and South America - anywhere, orchids adapt perfectly to natural conditions, bloom profusely and expand their range.

Planting orchids at home

Surprisingly, contrary to the established belief that an indoor flower should grow in a pot of soil, orchids prefer to “live” in a container with a substrate made of bark, sand, forest moss, peat and even polystyrene foam. You can buy ready-made soil for orchids, or make it yourself.

The bark is usually taken from pine and always from a “dead” tree. It is crushed, boiled in water and dried. Only the upper green part of the moss is used, after washing it with boiling water and shredding it. Sand for the substrate – only coarse sand. You can also add charcoal, foam chips and fine expanded clay to the mixture. The components are mixed and thoroughly moistened immediately before planting the orchid.

By the way, when choosing a pot for an orchid, choose pots made of white or other light plastic: they will bask less in the sun. Wicker baskets or flowerpots are perfect for planting orchids.

The plant must be planted as carefully as possible so as not to damage the rather fragile roots of the orchid. The substrate should not be compacted - just fill the voids around the rhizome of the flower with it.

Orchid care at home

Lighting

Proper lighting is the main factor when caring for a home orchid. The plant needs 12-15 hours of daylight, so on short winter days additional lighting will be required. In other seasons, it is better to place the plant on the east or west side of the room, closer to the window. The southern windows will have to be shaded; the northern side will need constant fluorescent lighting.

Orchid "Flying duck" (lat. Caleana major)

Temperature

The temperature regime for an orchid depends on the type of plant. Phalaenopsis and other tropical species of orchids are kept in summer at temperatures up to +32 degrees; during winter night hours the temperature should not drop below +15.

Dendrobiums, miltonias and other species native to the subtropics prefer a more gentle atmosphere: +22 in the summer daytime and + 12-15 degrees in the winter.

Indoor orchid grows and blooms well at air humidity of 60-70%. Spraying has a short-term effect, and, unfortunately, it contributes to the development of infections and leaf rotting. Therefore, the best option would be to use air humidifiers, install open vessels with water and moisten the gravel in the tray. Spraying the orchid should be kept to a minimum, trying not to get water on the flowers.

Watering

“How to water an orchid correctly?” - a question that concerns many lovers of this beautiful plant. Orchids do not tolerate stagnant water, which can lead to yellowing of the leaves and rotting of the roots. To water orchids, it is better to use soft water - rain, melt or boiled. Summer watering of orchids is carried out after the soil or substrate dries out, 2-3 times a week; in winter they water extremely rarely, as soon as the pseudobulb begins to shrink.

Transfer

Orchids need to be replanted only if necessary; this process is often replaced by transferring it to a larger container. The best “homes” for a flower are ceramic or plastic pots with holes in the walls or a basket.

Brick fragments or granite crushed stone are used as drainage, which fill 1/4 of the container. Holes and cracks are filled with sphagnum. The substrate is prepared from 5 parts of pine or willow bark, 2 parts of sphagnum and 1 part of charcoal. If you add crushed fern rhizomes, fallen tree leaves and peat to the mixture, you can do without fertilizing. The orchid is carefully lowered into the container, the fragile roots are straightened and the voids are filled without compacting the substrate. Then the plant is secured with wire and not watered for 5 days.

With timely (once every 2-3 years) transplantation, orchids can do without feeding at all, receiving the necessary nutrition from the substrate. Excess fertilizer suppresses the plant’s immunity, which reduces the flowering of the orchid and leads to infections. A high concentration of mineral salts can lead to the death of the plant, and if there is a need to feed the orchid, it is better to use special fertilizers: Bona Forte, Kristalon, Pokon, Compo or Greenworld. When using any fertilizer for orchids, the recommended dose should be reduced by 2 times. Orchids are fed only in spring and summer, during the period of plant growth.

To stimulate flowering, it is advisable to treat orchids with the preparations “Ovary”, “Bud”, “Tsveten”.

Reproduction

Representatives of different species and even genera are capable of interbreeding and producing numerous hybrids. Targeted interspecific pollination has given rise to hundreds of thousands of artificial orchid hybrids, many of which have become beloved houseplants. Particularly popular are representatives of the genera Phalaenopsis, Cattleya and Dendrobium. Each type of orchid has individual recommendation nuances regarding maintenance conditions and rules for care and breeding that are common to all types.

Orchids are propagated by any of 3 known methods:

• lateral stem shoots - children, which are separated from the mother plant and planted separately;
• layering - aerial offspring, using rooting on the mother plant in a special greenhouse and subsequent separation;
• vegetatively, dividing the rhizome and planting fragments containing 2-3 pseudobulbs.

Bloom

Provided proper lighting and proper care, an orchid can bloom 2 times a year, in spring and autumn. Non-infectious diseases in plants occur due to hypothermia, excessive watering, insufficient lighting, and sunburn. Long-term negative effects can lead to the death of the flower.

Black Orchid

Orchid diseases

Orchid diseases are a rare phenomenon and require specialist intervention:

• Bacterial leaf spot

The disease is quite easy to treat. Isolate the “sick” from other indoor plants! Remove damaged parts of the orchid by cutting them off with scissors. Treat the sections with regular green paint, cinnamon powder or activated carbon.

• Anthracnose

In case of this disease, be sure to eliminate all diseased parts on the plant! Spray the orchid with fungicides such as Sandofan, Previkur or Profit.

• Powdery mildew

If there are visible signs of this disease, generously spill the container in which the orchid is growing with water several times. After a couple of hours, spray the plant with a solution of colloidal sulfur or Topsin-M.

• Rust

The disease is serious, but treatable. The orchid plant should be thoroughly washed under running water, without fear of flooding it, and replace the substrate in the container. Then you need to spray the orchid with a faint pink solution of potassium permanganate and treat it with Manual Orchid from a spray bottle.

• Root, black, gray, fusarium rot

The affected areas on the plant must be removed by cutting them off with scissors and sprinkled with crushed activated carbon. Replace the substrate with a new one, first washing the container and the roots of the orchid in a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

• Sooty mushrooms

The flower disease can be cured by pouring the substrate twice and spraying the plant with preparations such as Mikosan or Topsin-M.

Below are answers to the most frequently asked questions among lovers of this plant.

Why doesn't the orchid bloom?

In any case, this beauty refuses to bloom due to the poor conditions of its detention. The absence of flowers can be caused by excessively dry or very humid air, the temperature of the flower below 22-25 degrees, lack of sunlight or, on the contrary, a too “hot and sunny” window sill.

Why does an orchid turn yellow?

This can happen in different ways. Due to excess fertilizers or excessive organic feeding, due to excess or lack of light, due to damage to the plant by pests, mechanical damage to the roots, dry air in the room and flooded soil in the container.

Why doesn't the orchid grow?

Make sure you have the proper growing conditions! Perhaps you simply flooded the pot with the plant, or you placed the container with the orchid on a window that is too sunny. Another reason is the very small container in which the flower grows and an ill-constructed substrate: the roots of the orchid need space and a lot of air. Heavy soil is absolutely not suitable for this beauty!

Why does an orchid fall off?

There are many reasons for orchid buds or flowers to fall off. Lack of light, draft, heat or cold, dry air in the room, stress as a result of the plant “moving” to another place, incorrect watering regime. In all these cases, the orchid gets sick and drops its luxurious flowers, and sometimes even leaves.

How to save an orchid?

Many people ask this question. To do this, do not allow the orchid to overheat and burn under the scorching rays of the sun, do not place the container with the orchid in winter next to heating devices that dry out the air, do not moisten the soil in the pot unless clearly necessary, and do not “catch a cold” of the heat-loving beauty while ventilating the room in a cold environment. season.

Useful properties and uses of orchids

In addition to exceptional decorative properties, some types of orchids have valuable beneficial properties that are widely used in folk and traditional medicine.

Tubers of certain types of orchids contain a large amount of mucus, rich in antiseptics and immunoglobulins, as well as starch and protein. A decoction of the roots of Lyubka bifolia (lat. Platanthera bifolia) is used for indigestion, inflammation of the bladder, as an analgesic and antiseptic.

Cremastra orchid roots ( Cremastra appendiculata) are used as a pain reliever and antidote for venomous snake bites.

Dendrobium nobile or noble ( Dendrobium noble) is used for gastrointestinal diseases, pain syndromes and as an aphrodisiac.

Kalantha trifold or triple ( Calanthe triplicata) is used to treat diarrhea, relieve swelling and various types of pain.

Anectochilus regalis ( Anoectochilus regalis) is a rare epiphytic orchid from which valuable medicinal oils are obtained.

• The orchid flower is rightfully considered one of the most unusual plants; there are many beautiful legends about it. Confucius called the orchid “The King of Fragrant Flowers.”
• In the 19th century, England was gripped by “orchid fever”: growing orchids was considered a sign of good form, and real collectors were not afraid of the price of 500 pounds for a new plant.
• The amazing beauty of the orchid fascinated Charles Darwin and inspired the scientist to create a fundamental two-volume work on orchids, which is still considered the best in this field.
• Orchids last longer than other flowers when cut, although in many countries it is not customary to give orchids as a gift.
• At the end of the 19th century, the largest orchid flower was discovered in the Malay Archipelago; its petals reached a length of 90 cm.
• According to psychologists, seeing a blooming orchid can cure depression. In addition, the orchid does not cause allergies - a rare quality for flowering plants.