So, in a narrow small-sized panel it is arranged a large number of tools, this is, of course, very cool, but it is unlikely that you will need to use all the tools every day. You most likely use less than a third of the tools all the time, some you rarely use, and some you never use at all. And it would be great if we could customize the toolbar to only contain the tools we use, with the ones we use most often being the most easily accessible.
Previously, the toolbar was absolutely not customizable, and only with the release of the new version the situation changed. Now we can group and ungroup tools in an order convenient for us, and simply hide unused tools. We can then completely save our own panel structure and use it as a preset!
Editing the Toolbar
Well, in the November 2015 release of Photoshop Creative Cloud, Adobe has finally added the ability to fully customize the toolbar using an all-new dialog box .
There are two ways to open this window. The first is through the main menu tab Editing --> Toolbar (Edit --> Customize Toolbar).
The second is to right-click on the ellipsis icon (three small dots) at the bottom of the panel, directly below the “Zoom” icon and click on the line “Edit Toolbar”:
Start editing the toolbar from the panel itself by right-clicking on the icon with three dots.
Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
After applying either of these two methods, a new settings dialog box will open. The dialog box consists of two main columns. The column on the left shows the tools currently located in the panel, they are shown in the same order and in the same grouping.
The column on the right is called "Extra Tools". We drag tools from the left column into this column to remove them from the toolbar.
New dialog box "Customize Toolbar" in Photoshop CC 2015.
Removing a tool from the toolbar
To remove a tool from the toolbar, simply click on it in the left column and drag it to the right column.
Let's look at this with an example, let's take the Move Tool group as an example. I'll right-click on its icon:
There are two tools in the group, the Move Tool and the Artboard Tool.
I want to remove the "Artboard Tool" because... I rarely use it.
Open the toolbar settings dialog box and drag “Artboard” from the left column to the right:
Move the tool to remove it from the panel.
This is what the dialog box columns look like after moving:
Dialog box columns.
After moving, be sure to click the “Done” button located at the top right of the dialog box; without clicking the button, changes will not be saved. After clicking, the window closes.
Let's look at the Move icon again:
As you can see, the small triangle located at the bottom right has disappeared from the icon, this indicates that there is only one tool left in the group - “Move”. Clicking on the icon with the right mouse button will no longer open any list, but will only activate the “Move” tool.
View More Tools
So where did the Artboard tool go? Actually, when I talked about removing tools, this is not entirely true; in fact, tools are not completely removed. Instead, we simply move them from the main toolbar layout to another, hidden area. In other words, the tools are not deleted. but they are hiding.
We can look at the hidden tools if we right-click (Win) again on the icon with three dots in the toolbar (also, instead of right-clicking, you can left-click on the icon and hold for a couple of seconds, as you like).
Any instruments you dragged into the column additional tools in the Customize Toolbar dialog box (as I just dragged "Artboard") will appear in this list, below the line Edit Toolbar... (Edit Toolbar). This means that these tools are simply hidden and you can activate them at any time:
List of tools hidden from the toolbar
Restoring a tool in the toolbar
To restore a tool, simply click on it in the column additional tools on the right and drag it back into the column Toolbar left. Notice the blue horizontal bar that appears as you drag. It specifies in which area of the toolbar the tool will be inserted.
For example, in the image below, the Artboard tool will take its own place on the toolbar, between the Move and marquee tools:
Restoring the tool to its own place on the panel, the blue bar indicates a gap between groups.
This is what the panel looks like now:
The Artboard tool has taken its own position in the toolbar
This figure shows that the blue bar is on the “Move” tool, therefore, the dragged “Artboard” this time will take its own place on the panel, and one group with the “Move” will be located below it:
The restored tool is placed next to the Move tool, forming a group with it.
If you now right-click on “Move”, a list will open:
The group again contains two tools, the Move Tool and the Artboard Tool.
Grouping and Ungrouping Tools
Actually, if you think about it, the Move Tool and the Artboard Tool have nothing to do with each other, so why are they in the same group? It would make more sense for them to appear as separate, independent tools. But then how to ungroup them?
Nothing could be simpler. All you have to do is click on the tool and drag it to another group until a blue bar appears on the desired group, then release the mouse:
In the picture, I'm moving the Artboard tool from the Move group to the Marquee tools group.
In addition, I can position the tool separately from any group:
The tool moves into the space between the groups, as indicated by the blue bar.
To do this I just need to move the right tool between groups. This is what the panel looks like now:
The Artboard Tool is in its own place in the panel, below the marquee tools and above the Lasso group.
Choosing the main instrument for the group
Each group of tools has a tool located at the top of the list of tools in the group, it is displayed on the toolbar and is activated by clicking the left mouse button, in other words, it is the most quickly accessible in the group.
Here's what the default selection group looks like:
Default view of the Selection Panes tool group
To make another instrument quickly accessible (main), you just need to move it to the top within your group.
In the picture, I use the “Oval Area” tool as my main tool. By default, the main one in this group is "Rectangular area"
And here’s what the group looks like on the panel now:
After moving, the main tool in the group became the "Oval Area" tool.
Moving entire groups
Previously we looked at how to drag individual instruments from one column to another, but we can drag entire groups in the same way. For example, let's take a group where the first tool is the “Croop Tool”. To drag this or any other group, hover your mouse over a corner of the group and the group should be highlighted with a blue border, letting you know you've selected the entire group:
Moving the entire group to the "Additional tools" column
Now the group has been moved and is missing from the toolbar, this is shown in the screenshot:
The tool group has been removed from the toolbar.
Changing the order of tools on a toolbar
The new toolbar has another useful feature - you can move the tools you use most often to the top of the toolbar, and move those you rarely use to the bottom. You can do the same with a group of instruments as a whole.
Disable hotkey shortcuts for additional tools
A very useful new option for tool activation hotkeys. For example, in the “Frame” group there are four tools, each of which is activated by the C key. As a rule, I only use the “Frame” tool; I rarely need the others. That's why. It’s clear that I don’t really need the rest of the tools in this group not to be activated using the C key. Using the new panel, this is easy to do. Opening the panel:
By default, all tools in the Frame group are activated using the C key.
Disabling hotkeys
Changing keyboard shortcuts to activate tools
In the same way, you can change the activation hotkey, but instead of the Backspace key, you should press one of the letter keys from A to Z:
An example of quick replacement of hotkeys for tools.
Clear Tools button
So far, we've spent most of our time dragging tools from the left column of the main tools on the left to the tools column on the right. But if you only want to keep a few tools on the toolbar, only the ones you use all the time, click the Clear Tools button in the top right corner of the dialog box, this will make the main (left) column empty and drag everything to the right :
All tools have been moved to the right column.
The figure on the left shows the toolbar as it will look after clicking the "Done" button.
Hide additional toolbar options
At the bottom of the toolbar there are four additional icons, this is the ellipsis, including the toolbar settings, the Foreground/Background Colors icon, the Quick Mask Mode on/off, and the Screen Mode switch icon. . All these icons correspond to the icons in the lower left corner of the "Customize Toolbar" panel:
Disable additional options.
If you click on one or more icons, they will be deactivated and the corresponding additional options will be hidden:
Hide additional toolbar options. At the moment I only have the option to switch foreground and background colors (Foreground/Background Colors)
Saving a custom toolbar customization template as a preset
When you're done customizing Customize Toolbar, you can save the new layout as a preset by clicking the Save Preset button. A new window will open where you can give the set a descriptive name, then click the "Save" button. You can save multiple layouts as presets, each customized for a specific task (such as photo retouching, digital painting, web design, and so on).
Restoring the Toolbar Customization
To return to the original default settings, click the Restore Defaults button.
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We will devote the next lessons on working with Adobe Photoshop to tools.
The toolbar plays an important role in working with Photoshop. Some commands can only be performed from the toolbar, for example, working with text, or with drawing tools.
Let's look at the tools. The first group, selection tools.
1.Rectangles Marquee Tool– (Rectangular selection). Selection is made by moving the cursor while holding down the mouse button. If we select an area and then try to select another area, the old selection will disappear. In order to add a new selection to the old one, before starting the selection, you need to press and hold the key Shift. To subtract a new selection from the old one, press and hold the key Alt. If you hold down a key together Shift and Alt,this will lead to the fact that the selected area will be the area combining the old and new selection.
Elliptical Marquee Tool(Elliptical selection) – allows you to select an elliptical area. Keys Alt and Shift, are used similarly to rectangular selection.
Single Column Marquee– selecting a column of pixels.
Single Rou Marquee- selecting a line of pixels.
2.Lasso Tool (Lasso)– allows you to make a selection free form. Selection is made by dragging the cursor while holding down the left mouse button. Once the area is defined, you can subtract a specific area from it. If you hold the button Alt pressed, you can select another selection area within the first block. Key combination Shift+Alt– to set the selection area.
Polygonal Lasso Tool(Polygonal lasso). Let's say we need to select a triangle. Press the left mouse button and move the cursor to the base, then release the mouse button again, click again and select the base of the triangle, release it again and press the button, select the second side until the selection reaches the first side. Double-click with the left button to activate the selection.
Magnetic Lasso too l – ( Magnetic lasso). Allows you to make a selection along the contrast boundaries. Let's say we need to highlight light on dark. Select the magnetic lasso tool and move the cursor to Right place of your image and with the left mouse button pressed, start selecting. Photoshop It will look for areas with maximum contrast and will draw a selection outline along them. During the selection process, the program automatically sets anchor points. By pressing a key Backspace, you can delete the last anchor point and continue the selection. Pressing this key multiple times will remove anchor points step by step.
17.Magic Wand – (Magic Wand) – a tool for selecting solid areas filled with one color. Select the magic wand tool and move it to the desired area of the image. Click with the left mouse button and you will have a section of one color selected. The Alt and Shift key combinations work the same as with rectangular selections.
16 .Move(Move). Once an area is selected, it can be moved. Select a tool move and move the cursor to the selected area. With the left mouse button pressed, drag your area where you want it. If you hold down the key Alt, a copy of the moved area will be created. If you need to move the selected area strictly horizontally or vertically, then hold down the key Shift. Also, if you need to precisely place the selection at a certain point, you can use the arrow keys on the keyboard; when you press the key, the selection moves by 1 pixel, and if you hold down the key Shift, then the movement will occur in increments of 10 pixels.
3.Crop(Cropping), is intended for cropping the raster area of documents, followed by cropping those parts of it that are not included in this rectangular area. Select a tool Crop and move it to the desired part of the image, and while holding down the left mouse button, select the desired area. You'll see that the selected area is lighter in color than the rest of the image, and that's the area that will remain. Once you have set the desired selection, press Enter and the conversion will be done.
18.Slice Tool(Cutting), designed to form a rectangular cut of a certain shape. Used on the Web to reduce file size, i.e. you can cut the image into three, four, etc. parts, and apply a different format to each part.
19.Brush Toll(Brush), is the main drawing tool, draws lines with soft edges. We draw by moving the mouse with the left button pressed over the image. Before you draw, you need to set the tool parameters. You can choose the brush diameter, color, transparency, blending mode pixels
Pencil Tool(Pencil), produces lines with sharp, jagged edges. Has the same settings as the brush tool.
20.History Brush Tool(History Brush) - allows you to return to any previous state of the image, undoing one or more editing operations. Before use, in the history palette you need to check the box in front of the item you want to return to. Using a brush will erase all history items that are below the checkbox.
7.Blur Tool– (Blur). To blur local areas of the image. Place the cursor at the desired location in the image and activate the blur tool. Select the desired size in the options bar, and while holding the left mouse button, blur the desired area using circular movements.
Sharpen(Sharpness), for local image correction. Increases the sharpness of processed image areas. Works the same as the blur tool.
Smudge Tool(Finger). The operating principle is the same as the first two tools.
22.Dodge Tool(Brightener) is designed to locally brighten the image. The work occurs when the tool is moved around the image with the left mouse button pressed.
Sponge Tool(Sponge) - designed to reduce or increase the color saturation of image areas processed by tools. In the attributes line you can select parameters for this tool diameter brushes, Flow– impact force, Mode-Saturate– increase in saturation, Desiderate– decrease in saturation. All the same, with the left mouse button pressed, we move over the desired areas of the image.
5.Clone Stamp Tool(Clone Stamp), allows you to copy one part of an image to another. It is necessary to determine the area of the image that will be copied. To do this, press the key Alt and while holding it, click the mouse in the right place, after which you can release the key and start drawing as if with a brush in the right place, only the drawing will be carried out with an image taken from the copied area.
Pattern Stamp(Pattern stamp), the stamp works similar to the cloning stamp. Just first you need to determine the pattern. This is done in the attribute line, in the column Pattern.
6.Eraser(eraser), designed to remove part of an image, regardless of color.
Magic Eraser– allows you to erase an area filled with one color with one click. The color on which the mouse was clicked will be erased. The actions of this tool are similar to those of a magic wand, only the eraser does not select, but erases the image.
Background Eraser(background eraser), removes everything but leaves the background if the option is enabled Protect Foreground Color.
21.Paint Bucket–(Fill) paints an area of the image with the color you specify. The foreground color is used. Select a tool, select a color. Then move the cursor to the place that needs to be filled, the cursor will take the shape of a bucket, and click the left mouse button. If there are no selections, the entire document will be flooded. To fill with texture, select Pattern(Texture).
Gradient Tool(Gradient) – this tool produces a fill with a smooth transition of colors. Maybe like two basic colors, and more. First, select the gradient type in the attributes panel by left-clicking on the desired type. Then select the gradient fill method, these are the five buttons next to the gradient type list. To fill, place the mouse cursor in the desired location and, while holding down the left mouse button, move the cursor to the desired distance; when you release the mouse button, the image area will be filled with the selected gradient.
4.Spot Healing Brush(Spot Healing Brush), works the same as the clone tools. But unlike a stamp, the Healing Brush tool takes into account the structure, lighting and shadows of the image area being processed. Select the Healing Brush tool, click Alt, holding the left mouse button at the location you specify in the image. Drag the tool over the areas of the image that require restoration. For example, this tool is good for removing shine from some parts of the image.
Patch(Patch) – allows you to restore a selected area by cloning pixels taken from another area or sample. To get high-quality results, choose small areas for correction.
9.Pan Tool(Pen) - allows you to draw paths, i.e., anchor points are created, which Photoshop automatically connects with segments.
Freeform Pan Tool- (Free pen).
Add Anchor Point Tool–(Add anchor point).
Delete Anchor Point Tool– (Delete anchor point).
Convert Point Tool- (Corner).
24.Tools for constructing figures:
Rectangle Tool- rectangle.
Rounded Rectangle Tool– a rectangle with rounded corners.
Ellipse– ellipse.
Polygon Tool– polygon.
Line Tool– line.
Custom Shape Tool– arbitrary figure. Allows you to create a variety of shapes that are immediately filled with the foreground color. To create all shapes except an arbitrary shape, you need to select a shape, place the cursor in the desired area of the image, and while holding the left mouse button, create the shape by moving the cursor. If, after the shape is created, you press the spacebar, the shape can be moved to any point in the image. If you hold down the key Alt When creating a figure, the figure will be created from the center. To create a custom shape, you need to select it in the tool settings line in the item Shape. To change the radius of the curves of a rectangle shape with rounded edges, in the same settings line, set the desired value in the Radius item.
8.Path Selection Tool–(Outline selection).
Direct Selection Tool– (Direct selection).
23.
Horizontal Type Tool– (Horizontal text). To enter text, select a tool. Place the cursor at the desired location in the document. Click the left mouse button, a flickering cursor will appear. Enter text using the keyboard.
Vertical Type Tool–(Vertical text) is the same, only the text will be entered vertically. In the options bar you can set the font typeface, text size and paragraph formation mode, text color and format.
25 .Eyedropper ( Pipette ) transfers the color of the image area where we clicked the mouse to the color fields of the toolbar, or displays digital color values in the palette Info.
Color Sampler(Color comparison), allows you to set up to four points from which color values will be read. These values are displayed in the Information palette Info, For each new point, a new field opens in this palette into which the values for this point are entered. In order to delete all points, you need to click the Clear button in the settings line.
Measure Tool(Ruler) – designed to measure distances and angles in an image. Click on the starting point of measurements, drag the cursor to the end point of measurements, on the palette Info The distance between the start and end points will be displayed.
10.Notes Tool-(Notes).
Audio Annotation Tool–(Sound annotation).
11.Hand( Hand ) – if the image does not fit into the screen frame, we can drag it.
26.Zoom Tool(Scale), if you hover the cursor over the image, it takes the form of a cross in a circle, and with each left click the image will be enlarged. If you press the key Alt, then with each click, the image will become smaller.
13.Quick Mask–(Quick mask mode).
12.Color squares- main and background colors
14 Document viewing modes. The first, standard mode, is set by default, the second is full screen with a menu bar, the third is full screen. You can also switch between modes by pressing the key F.
15. Transferring images to Image Ready and back.
In the next article on Adobe Photoshop, we will look at the settings and tools line.
Greetings to all readers and visitors of the blog!
As you know, in the Photoshop program you can both edit photos and create your own drawings with excellent graphics, making them unique and alive. In order to master this program you need some knowledge and skills, thanks to them you can easily cope with any tasks in Photoshop.
Where are the tools in Photoshop?
First, you need to learn the basic Photoshop tools and remember what functions they perform.
So let's get started!
Eyedropper Tool
The eyedropper tool is activated by a hotkey "I"
We will need a pipette to determine the color of an object, its shade. For example, you like the color of the sky in the photo. By clicking on it with the eyedropper, we will see this color. This can be done with any things in the open area of a photograph or image.
"Text" (Type Tool)
The “Text” function is called by a hotkey "T"
You probably already guessed why you need it. It is needed to enter text anywhere in the image, with any font and language.
Burn Tool
The dimmer is activated by hotkey "O"
An important tool for working with photographs. Using it, you can create shadows and give relief to objects. The more you use it in one place, the darker the color.
"Clarifier" (Dodge Tool)
Called by the hotkey "O"
Brightener, antonym of dimmer. It makes the color lighter and clearer. Plays great in contrast with photographs of cloudy skies or stormy seas. Before using it, select the brush size and color tone.
"Finger" (Smudge Tool)
A simple and intuitive tool in Photoshop. With its help, we can smear paint on the image itself or on its edges like our finger and give the picture a blurry effect.
"Blur" (Blur Tool)
This tool is designed to be used manually to refine your masterpieces. With it, you can make the sharp edges of an object blurry. The longer you work on the image, the blurrier it becomes.
"Paint Bucket"
Called by the hotkey "G"
The tools in this group are used to fill a selected area with the main color or a selected pattern, as well as apply a gradient to a given surface.
Move Tool
Activated by hotkey "V"
This tool is needed to move layers, shapes, selected areas both on the surface of the canvas and for dragging from one object to another.
Rectangular Marquee and Oval Marquee tools
Activated by pressing the "M" key
The tools of this group are necessary for any object or part of it for further editing.
Lasso group tools
Activated by pressing the "L" key
“Lasso,” unlike the oval and rectangular selection tools, allows you to select an arbitrary area freehand. Most often, this tool is used for manual selection and subsequent cutting out of an object along the contour.
Magic Wand Tool
Called by pressing the hotkey "W"
Using this, you can significantly speed up the work of selecting a specific area of an object. That is, this tool analyzes the entire image and selects single-color pixels.
Let's take a look at the Frame tool.
Activated by hotkey C.
Using this tool we also make pictures.
Simply put, we crop the image at the edges or cut out a fragment of a given size from a large image.
Let's look at the "Brush" group tool.
The brush is activated with the "B" key.
I plan to write a separate article about this tool in more detail. And here I will only say what is the most functional tool Photoshop and has a lot of features and settings.
Clone Stamp Tool
Activated by the "S" key.
Using, as with a regular stationery stamp, you can transfer a print of an image from one part of the picture to another. That is, we copy a certain part of the image or move an entire object and paste it into another part of the picture.
Using the "E" key we activate the Eraser tool.
Just like the tools of the “brush” group, they are quite functional and have a lot of settings. An eraser, similar to a regular stationery eraser, is used to erase unnecessary parts of an image.
Pen group tool
Activated by the "P" key
Use the tool of this group to accurately select objects or shapes, as well as to create complex contours.
Hand Tool
Called by the “H” key and is used to move large documents in the workspace of the Photoshop program. For example, for scrolling landing page layouts.
Zoom tool
Activated by the "Z" key.
This tool is used to zoom in or out of a document or some part of it during the editing process.
In order to activate a tool in Photoshop whose icon is currently visible on the screen, click on it. Next to some icons there is a small arrow. If you click on it, a pop-up palette will open where you can select a tool that is part of the same group.
In Photoshop, it is more convenient to call tools using the keyboard (remember the letters indicated on the following pages for each tool).
If you have forgotten a key combination, hover over the instrument icon, hold for a few seconds, and a tooltip will remind you of it (Fig. 1.1). To alternately call up the instruments included in a group, the icons of which are hidden, press the key Shift and the corresponding hotkey. You can also press the key Alt, Click on the icon of the visible tool.Rice. 1.1. Tooltip tooltip
Each tool has its own parameters (for example, blending mode, opacity value) in the options bar located at the top of the screen (more about the options bar is described in the “Options Bar” section of this chapter) - see Fig. 1.2. The options in the options bar change depending on which tool is selected.
Rice. 1.2. Tooltip in the Options Bar
On the Photoshop options panel on the right side there is an icon for the active tool. If you click on the arrow next to the icon, a drop-down menu will open where you can select another tool. This list can be edited, you can remove rarely used tools and add frequently used tools. The options bar settings are retained for each instrument unless changed or restored to default. You can load, add and save various combinations of buttons, as well as restore the default characteristics of the tool using the menu commands of the drop-down panel (Fig. 1.3). To restore the default options for all tools, select the command there. Reset All Tools(Restore all tools) or click the button Reset All Tools in the window Edit > Preferences > General(Edit > Preferences > General).
In the window Edit > Preferences > Display&Cursors(Edit > Preferences > Display & Cursors) choose whether the cursor will look like the same as the tool icon in the toolbar, or as a crosshair.
If you try to use the tool incorrectly, a prohibition icon 0 will appear. Click in the window containing the image you are working on to learn why the tool should not be used in that situation.
Rice. 1.3. Photoshop Tool Selection Panel
In Fig. Figure 1.4 shows the Photoshop toolbar. Near With The name of the tool groups indicates a “hot key” for calling tools, in xo members of this group.
Press the key Shift and the corresponding “hot” key to call up tools in turn, located on the same pop-up palette (see Fig. 1.5-1.21) and interconnected.
Rice. 1.4. Toolbar
Rice. 1.5. Tool palette for selecting an area of geometric shape
Rice. 1.6. Free-form selection tool palette
Rice. 1.7. Palette of tools for eliminating image defects
Rice. 1.8. Clone Tool Palette
Rice. 1.9. Erase tool palette
Rice. 1.10. A palette of tools that control the clarity of image boundaries
Rice. 1.11. Direct Selection Tool Palette
Rice. 1.12. Tool palette for working with paths
Rice. 1.13. Annotation tool palette
Rice. 1.14. Palette of tools for working with slices
Rice. 1.15. Drawing Tool Palette
Fig.1.16. Palette of tools for working with the history of image creation
Rice. 1.17. Fill tool palette
Rice. 1.18. Toolbar for brightening and darkening images
Rice. 1.19. Toolbar for working with text
Rice. 1.20. Vector Drawing Toolbar
Rice. 1.21. Toolbar for working with color, angles and distances
Rice. 1.22. Note created using the tool Notes
Notes
Photoshop allows you to use the tool Notes(Notes), the panel of which is shown in Fig. 1.13, create text notes in a format compatible with the Acrobat program format. These notes are not printed. They can be used to convey any information to the client, printing house, etc. By clicking on the note icon, you can see the message in the window that appears (Fig. 1.22). Audio notes are created using the tool Audio Annotation(Sound note) - see fig. 1.13.
Plan
Chapter 1: Adobe Photoshop 2 Concepts
1.1 History of the creation of Adobe Photoshop 2
1.2 Basic Adobe tools Photoshop 9
Chapter 2. Implementation practical part 30
2.1 Basic tools used in implementing the practice 30
2.2 Creating a website layout in Photoshop 30
References 43
Chapter 1: Adobe Photoshop Basics
1.1 History of the creation of Adobe Photoshop
The date of creation of Adobe Photoshop is not marked on any calendar. 2005 marked the anniversary of the release of the program that you and many others use the most. It all happened 17 years ago, in February, when Adobe “launched” the first version of Photoshop - 1.0 - a graphic editor that is still the most popular among artists, photographers and designers. Photoshop today occupies a leading position among raster graphics editors, and is also the only program that has acquired its own verb form.
Photoshop has its origins much earlier. The program, on the screen saver of which today there is a list of developers - there are 41 of them, previously belonged to two brothers - Thomas and John Knoll. From childhood, the father instilled in his sons a love of art and computer technology. In his father's darkroom, which was located in the basement, Thomas studied the basics of color correction and contrast, and John tinkered with interest in an old Apple. In 1984, the father bought one of the first Macintoshes, the functionality of which greatly disappointed the brothers - this is what laid the foundation for the creation of a program that in the future would bring in millions of dollars in profit.
Start
Until 1987, John Knoll worked at Industrial Light and Magic (ILM), a division of Lucasfilm that specialized in creating special effects for the Stars Wars project, while Thomas was writing his dissertation on the image processing process - obtaining a Ph.D. degree was the most important thing for him at that time.Finally disappointed in the new Apple Mac Plus - the monitor of the computer he had just purchased did not display grayscale images, Thomas began writing a program that would help correct the situation.
Oddly enough, at ILM John also worked on the image processing process. Amazed by his brother's success, John invited Tom to join forces. In his book "Fundamentals computer graphics" John wrote: "As soon as I saw the results of Thomas's work, I remembered the image processing software at Pixar, the similarities were striking." From that moment on, we began to jointly develop a more complex and advanced program, which we later called Display.
A short time later, John purchased a new Macintosh II with a color screen and convinced Thomas to rewrite "Display" to work with color images. Moreover, the more John worked with "Display", the more functions he demanded from the program: color correction, importing and saving files in various formats, etc.
Working on the program distracted Thomas from writing his dissertation, but he was still happy about it. Some time later, Tom developed an innovative method for selecting a specific area of an image and then working with it, as well as sets of image processing applications that would later be known as “Plug-ins”. Then were developed: Levels settings, control function Balance, Hue and Saturation controls became key features in Photoshop, which at the time were only available in specialized software found in labs - or at ILM.
In 1988, "Display" was renamed "ImagePro". The program was state-of-the-art at the time, John hoped that they had a chance to sell it as a commercial application. Thomas was against this, in addition, he had not yet finished his dissertation and for developing a fully completed software product would require a lot of time and labor.After conducting a competitor analysis, the brothers realized that the ImagePro they created was ahead of its analogues in many respects.
From Image Pro to Photoshop
The search for investors began. No one knows exactly where the name "Photoshop" came from; they say the name was suggested by one of the potential publishers during a demonstration of the software - the name, as they say, stuck. In the earliest versions, the name "PhotoShop" was on the screen saver - in Nowadays, the same trend is observed, names like “ExTraneous CapitaliSation” are very common.
Surprisingly, most software makers have turned their corporate noses towards Photoshop or have attempted to develop similar programs in-house. Only one company was able to buy Photoshop - it was Adobe, but it was still far from a mutually beneficial solution. Scanner manufacturer Barneyscan offered the brothers to supply Photoshop bundled with its products, as a result of which about 200 copies of the program were sold under the Barneyscan XP brand.
Fortunately for the future of digital graphics, negotiations with Adobe did not last long - John soon joined the company to attract more attention to his product. There he met with Russell Brown and showed him the software's capabilities, then Photoshop was demonstrated to the art director, who was pleased with what he saw and insisted on purchasing the software immediately. Either due to naivety on the part of Adobe, or due to caution on the part of the brothers, Photoshop was not sold in its entirety, but only licensed and royalties from sales of the program belonged to the brothers.
Everything was going great, but this did not mean that the brothers could relax and stop there. Now they had much harder work to do - they needed to prepare Photoshop for the release of the official version - version 1.0
Thomas continued to work on the program's source code. At this time, John was separately developing extensions (Plug-ins), which greatly worried some Adobe employees - they saw cunning and deception in all this.
The weirdness didn't end there. Some sticklers said that Photoshop extensions were somehow substandard and would not be received favorably, while others swore that extensions would help make the program flexible, customizable, and more productive when used. them correctly.
Even during the final stages of work on the final version, changes and improvements were made - in any way Thomas found the time and energy to do it. With the support of John and Russell Brown - who soon became an ardent supporter of Photoshop - as well as the rest of the creative solutions at Adobe, the program gradually began to take shape. The official version of Adobe Photoshop was released in February 1990.
Digital graphics for everyone
Of course, the release of the first version was a success, despite the large number of errors. Like Apple today, Adobe's key marketing move was to show that Photoshop was a program for a broad market of users - an easy-to-use tool that anyone could use, unlike most graphics software of the time, which was designed for specialists.
Adobe promised that you could achieve the same results with Photoshop that you could previously get with professional software that cost several thousand dollars. Photoshop's main competitor at the time was a program called Letraset's ColorStudio, which cost $1,995, while Photoshop could be purchased for less than $1,000.
During the development of version 2.0, Adobe expanded its programming staff. Mark Hamburg was invited to the team to introduce Bezier curves into the program. At this time, new features were developed for Photoshop: the Pen tool, working with two-tone images, importing and rasterizing vector images from Illustrator, and on top of that, CMYK support appeared. Now the way to the professional printing market has been opened for Photoshop, which is a very important tactical move by Adobe. The first sales manager, Steven Gutman, suggested giving code names to beta versions of the program - a tradition that continues to this day. 'Fast Eddy' is the codename for beta version 2.0, which was launched in 1990.
For a long time, Photoshop worked exclusively on the Macintosh platform, but its success guaranteed the appearance of a version for the then developing market of graphics applications for Windows. Developing a version for a new platform was not an easy task - for this purpose a new division was founded, headed by Brian Lempkin. Despite the fact that a large number of innovations were developed, such as support for 16-bit files, this only appeared in version 2.5.1 in 1993.
Just like releasing a third album for a band, the development of version 3.0 could be a success or a complete fiasco. Fortunately, luck was on the side of the development team - a huge step was taken in the development of the program - support for Layers was developed.
Layer support received universal approval and was one of the main functions of the program, which in the near future won over many artists and designers to its side. Still, support for layers was no longer unique at that time. HSC - later known as MetaCreations - was developing an image processing program called Live Picture that supported the same technology. MetaCreations made the only and fatal mistake - Live Picture, worthy in its capabilities, was released at a very inflated price, which left Photoshop 3.0 without competition on the market.
In subsequent versions there were no such global changes, such as support for layers. Despite this, improvement of the program continued. In version 5.0, color management capabilities and a History Palette were introduced, with which it was possible to influence user actions - which expanded the creative capabilities of the program. Significant changes occurred with the release of version 5.5 (it was with this version that my acquaintance with Photoshop began) - another program was supplied with Photoshop - ImageReady, which added to the functionality rich tools for developing graphics for the WEB. The next version, 6.0, introduced Layer Styles and expanded text management capabilities. The Healing Brush was introduced in version 7.0
Today and tomorrow
Having maintained its position as a market leader for such a long time, it's surprising that Adobe continues to improve the program. Today, Photoshop is included in the Creative Suite 2 (CS2) and Creative Suite 3 (CS3), Creative Suite 4 (CS4) packages, in addition, Adobe emphasized the interoperability of the programs included in the packages using Adobe Bridge.
Fortunately, the development of the program does not stop and most likely will not stop. Firstly, due to the high competition of a huge number of software manufacturers, many of which offer Photoshop functionality for free. There is also competition from cheaper analogue programs that are intended for amateur and home use, for example, Paint Shop Pro, which has been focused on Photoshop for many years. In response, Adobe released a budget version of the program, although with reduced capabilities, but still quite functional - Photoshop Elements - latest version 4.0
What will be next? Unfortunately, Adobe does not announce. Photoshop is the jewel in Adobe's crown and aspects of its development are carefully kept under wraps, but occasionally the company does drop hints. Brian Lemkin, senior vice president of digital imaging and video development, confirmed speculation about the release of a 64-bit version of the application (Adobe Photoshop CS4 x64), as well as possible support for Apple's CoreImage technology, which will significantly increase the performance of the program. There are also rumors of a possible combination of Illustrator and Photoshop into a single application (I can't wait.).
Whatever happens, Thomas Knoll will continue to be involved in the project. Although he is not directly involved in Photoshop development, he constantly keeps his finger on the pulse of events, continuing to develop new versions of Adobe Camera Raw plug-ins and participating in discussions on the Adobe forums.
It so happened that Photoshop began its journey 21 years later, at the same time as me - we are the same age. I am very glad that my acquaintance with this wonderful program has been going on for 8 years, and I am absolutely sure that Adobe will continue to pleasantly surprise and delight us with its non-standard ideas and developments in the field of software.
1.2 Basic tools of Adobe Photoshop
This is a floating window that contains all the tools in your arsenal. This palette allows you to quickly activate any of the tools using the mouse. In addition, the palette contains controls for color, full-screen modes, a quick mask mode, and a mode for displaying the outline of the selected area.
To save screen space, Adobe Photoshop developers have combined some tools into logical groups and hidden them in nested menus. Those. Several tools can be hidden under one button. If there is a small black triangle on the tool button in the lower right corner, this means that when you click on this button with the mouse, a menu will open with a list of all the tools included in one group. Choose the necessary tool and continue working.
The following is a description of the tools. The description is built according to the following principle: first there is an icon of the instrument, then its name, keyboard shortcut, and a description of the instrument itself.
Tool palette for selecting an area of a geometric shape Move (move) - [V] - allows you to move the selected area or active layer by dragging the cursor while holding down the left mouse button.
Options:
Auto Select Layer. When this option is enabled for the move tool, clicking on the image automatically selects the layer whose pixels are visible where the cursor is located
Show Bounding Box - turns on the display of a frame with which you can move, rotate and scale the active layer.
Tool palette for selecting an area of geometric shape
Rectangular marquee (rectangular area) - [M] - allows you to select a rectangular area for subsequent editing. Selection is made by dragging the cursor while holding down the left mouse button.
Elliptical marquee (elliptical area) - [M] - allows you to select an elliptical area. Usage is identical to rectangular marquee.
Single row marquee (line of pixels) - [M] - allows you to select one line of pixels.
Single column marquee - [M] - allows you to select a single column of pixels.
Free-form selection tool palette
Lasso (lasso) - [L] - allows you to select an area of any shape. Selection is made by dragging the cursor while holding down the left mouse button.
Polygonal lasso (polygonal lasso) - [L] - allows you to select a section of any shape made up of straight lines.
Magnetic Lasso is a very popular selection tool. Creates a selection based on color differences. The idea is that the outlines of an object tend to be a different color from the background and can therefore be easily highlighted. An ideal tool for highlighting complex geometric shapes.
Options:
Width - the width of the selection tool's working area (brush diameter). If you need precise selection, then it is better to take a lower value, but if accuracy is not so important or the outline is very obvious (for example, a black drawing on a white background), then you can set a high value;
Edge contrast - the amount of brightness by which adjacent pixels must differ in order for a border to pass through them;
Frequency - frequency of reference points. If you have a lot small parts, then you need to set the value of this parameter as high as possible;
Pen pressure - set settings based on the pressure applied. Only relevant for pen controllers.
Magic wand - [W] - Click on the image and Photoshop will select a continuous area filled with one color.
Options:
Tolerance is the main parameter of this tool. For example, let's work with an RGB image. It consists of three color channels: red, green and blue. Each of them has a brightness value from 0 to 255. This is enough to produce any color (visible to the human eye). Tolerance specifies the degree of color proximity of pixels required to add them to the selection. Thus, if the value of this parameter is 0, then only pixels that exactly match in color will be selected, if 255 - all pixels;
Contiguous - a very important parameter. If this checkbox is checked, only those pixels that are located in areas adjacent to the selected area will be selected. If this flag is cleared, then all pixels that fit within the specified tolerance, regardless of whether they are adjacent or not;
Use ALL Layers - extends the effect of this selection tool to all layers. If this option is not checked, the tool only works on the current layer.
Crop - [C] - allows you to remove unnecessary fields from the image. By dragging the cursor while holding down the left mouse button, you select the area (frame) that needs to be left. Everything outside the selection area will be cut off. After dragging, a frame appears on the screen, which you can: resize by dragging the square handles on its corners, change its position by dragging inside the frame, and rotate it by dragging outside the outline of the frame.
Palette of tools for working with slices
Slice - [K] - creates a modular grid for subsequent slicing of the image and publishing it on the Internet.
Options:
Style normal - free sizes;
Style Constrained Aspect Ratio - fixed ratio of the sides of the rectangle;
Fixed Size - specified fragment sizes;
Show Slice Numbers - if you clear this checkbox, the slice number will not appear;
Line Color - the color of the lines delimiting the fragments.
Drawing Tool Palette
Paintbrush (brush) is the main drawing tool in Adobe Photoshop. Designed for direct drawing with active color. Basic parameters - size and shape, selected from a menu called by right-clicking the mouse or a list
Brush (Brush) in the toolbar.
Options:
Mode (Overlay mode). Pixel blending modes for the tool.
Opacity. Sets the opacity of pixels.
Flow (Density). This option is very similar to the previous one. However, the difference is that opacity is a permanent property. If you brush over an already applied color at 10% opacity, it will remain 10% opaque. The Flow parameter, on the contrary, simulates real paint, taking into account the density of its application (layer thickness). If you swipe a second time over a color that is set to 10% density, it will become denser, closer to 20%.
Airbrush Capabilites. Switches the brush to airbrush mode to simulate spraying paint from a can.
Pensil - Drawing with a pencil results in lines with sharp, jagged edges.
Clone Tool Palette
Clone Stamp (copy stamp) - [S] - allows you to copy (clone) one part of the image to another. To use this tool, you need to determine the location in the image from which the copy will be made.
It works like this: you specify
with the mouse (with the Alt key pressed), from which place in the image to redraw, and then simply move the brush in the place where you want to repeat the selected fragment.
Options:
Mode (Overlay mode) - pixel overlay mode when using this tool;
Opacity - Opacity of the overlay image. It is used in many cases, so it is better to experiment with this parameter to “feel” it;
Airbrush Capabilities. Draw with a stamp using an airbrush as a brush;
Aligned - this parameter specifies the transfer method of the cloned fragment. If this box is checked, then the fragment is copied continuously, that is, interrupting drawing (releasing the mouse button) does not cause the fragment to break. If cleared, a new copy is started each time the mouse button is pressed;
Use All Layers - the name speaks for itself. When set to this value, the Stamp tool ignores the presence of layers and copies everything visible.
Pattern Stamp - [S] - the same as a copying stamp, with the only difference that it draws not with a copy of the current image, but with a sample image (pattern), which you can make yourself, or select from ready-made ones in the Patterns drop-down menu in the settings palette. In order to make your own pattern, you need to select part of the image with the Rectangular Marquee tool and select the Define Pattern item in the Edit menu. The new pattern will then become available in the Patterns drop-down menu in the settings palette. In all other respects, the Pattern Stamp tool is completely identical to the Stamp tool.
Options:
Brush - settings for the size and other parameters of the tool brush;
Mode (Overlay mode) - pixel overlay mode;
Opacity - opacity of the overlay image;
Flow (Density). Setting the drawing mode, taking into account the density of paint application;
Airbrush Capabilities. Draw with a curly stamp using an airbrush as a brush;
Pattern - Determines which texture to use as "paint". Using this dropdown you can load different palettes (palette files have a pat extension);
Aligned - determines how the cloned area will be transferred;
Impressionist (Impressionism). If this option is set, the texture is greatly simplified by rendering it into wide areas of the same color.
Palette of tools for working with the history of image creation
History Brush - [Y] - allows you to return to any previous state of the image, undoing one or more editing operations. Before using the history brush on the History palette, you need to check the box on the left of the history item you want to return to. Dragging the history brush will erase all edits after that point in the edit history. By default, the checkbox is set to the state after the file is opened, i.e. Using the history brush in this case will return the image to its original state.
Options:
Brush (Brush) - settings for the size and other parameters of the brush.
Mode - pixel blending mode.
Opacity - Opacity of the overlay image.
Flow (Density). Setting the drawing mode taking into account the density of the paint layer.
Airbrush Capabilities. Draw with a stamp using an airbrush as a brush.
Art History Brush (history brush with special effects) - [Y] - allows you to create special effects using the previous state of the image as a source. The principle of returning to a previous state is the same as with the History Brush. But if the backstory brush restores the image exactly as it was, then the backstory brush with special effects distorts the restored image by adding brush strokes to it, and thus creates various effects.
Options:
Opacity - Opacity of the overlay image.
Style - how the tool is applied. The main parameter is Art Brush.
Area - area where the brush will be applied. It is over this area that the strokes will be spread.
Spacing - the distance between strokes.
Tolerance is a new option introduced in Photoshop CS. If the tolerance value is zero, then any area that falls within the range of the tool will be modified. The larger the tolerance value, the more
strict requirements are imposed on the correspondence of the colors of the area to the foreground color (Foreground Color).
Palette of tools for eliminating image defects
Healing Brush. This Tool is a variation of the old Stamp tool, and is used for texture correction taking into account the substrate. A typical example is the restoration of skin fragments in a photograph using preserved fragments taken as a sample. In this case, and this is the main difference from Stamp, the brightness indicators of the underlying pixels will be taken into account. This tool is mainly intended for retouching.
Options:
Brush (Brush). Settings for the brush used. Thanks to the most powerful brush tools, you can get a wide variety of results.
Mode (Overlay mode). The pixel blend mode used by the tool.
Source. Allows you to set the texture source for the tool.
There are two options:
(Selected). The user himself determines the source in the image by pressing the Alt key;
(Texture). Use a specific pattern. Nearby there is a drop-down list in which you can select the type of texture.
Use All Layers. The effect of the tool will be distributed to all layers of the image.
Patch is another new Photoshop tool. It is a combination of a free selection and a fill. It is convenient to use when retouching.
Options:
Source. The mode in which the transfer area will be copied to the original one;
Destination. The reverse mode to the previous one;
Transparent. If this option is enabled, the cut piece will be overlaid in a semi-transparent manner, partially merging with the original image;
Use Pattern. The pattern you choose will be used for the fill.
Color Replacement. The only new tool in Photoshop CS. Performs a fairly narrow function. Allows you to quickly, efficiently and very simply repaint objects of any complexity.
Options:
Mode. Tool operating mode. Contains standard options for working with color.
Sampling. Determines the mechanism of action of the tool. The following options are available:
(Continuously). The tool will work as long as the mouse button is held down;
(One day). The tool will only affect the area of his hand;
(By background). The tool will only recolor pixels colored in the Background Color.
Limits (Limits, Borders). Sets the scope of the tool. Options:
(Non-adjacent). The tool affects all pixels;
(Adjacent). The tool acts on pixels of the same color as those located under the center of the pointer and at the same time adjacent to it;
photoshop computer graphics tool
(Find the edges). A mode similar to the previous one, but in this mode the computer "pays more attention" to narrow areas of one color within wider areas of another color.
Tolerance. Sets the similarity of the pixel to the first one below the center of the color replacement pointer. At low values, only the closest pixels will be recolored; at maximum values, all of them will be recolored.
Erase tool palette
Eraser (eraser) - [E] - erases the image from the current layer. If the current layer is a Background, or a layer with locked transparency, then the eraser simply paints the image with the background color. If, while holding down the Shift key, you click the eraser in different places of the image, then each subsequent point at which the click is made will be connected to the previous point by a straight erased (filled) line.
Options:
Brush - settings for the size and other parameters of the tool brush.
Mode - tool operating mode. Has three options:
(Brush) - the main and most often used. Suitable for most cases;
(Pencil) - necessary if very fine erasing is required;
(Block) - Ideal for when you need to erase a rectangular area. It is not resizable, so scaling can only be done by increasing or decreasing the viewing area of the image.
Opacity is a very interesting parameter in the interpretation of this tool. Does not delete the erased portion of the image, but makes it opaque by the specified percentage.
Erase to History is a very useful setting. Try using the tool without it. As a result, you will erase everything to the background color. What if you need to erase the excess, but you shouldn’t touch the original image? Then this parameter comes to the rescue. Setting this option erases to the original image rather than the background color, and that's on one layer! Those. if, for example, you painted something wrong with a brush, then you can use this function, and then only the result of the work will be erased.
Background Eraser - [E] - allows you to remove the background without affecting foreground objects. The background eraser samples the color of the pixel in the center of the brush and deletes all pixels with that color that are inside the brush.
The background eraser removes the background color from the edges of foreground objects, so that the "halo" from the background color will not interfere with pasting those objects onto another background.
Options:
Discontiguous. Similar to the parameter of the same name Magic tool Wand: Pixels that match the color of pixels within the range of the tool will be removed from the entire image.
Contiguous. Only pixels adjacent to those within the range of the tool will be deleted.
Find Edges. High contrast sensitivity mode.
Tolerance. Sets the acceptable color deviation of pixels from the sample.
Protect Foreground Color. In this mode, pixels that have a Foreground Color will not be removed.
Sampling (Color selection). Eraser method. There are three options;
Continuous. A mode in which the erased color changes many times as the background changes. The most useful mode, since the background is rarely one color;
Once. The erasable color is determined once - the first time you click on the image;
Background Swatch. The opposite of the Protect Foreground Color action, only those pixels whose color matches the currently set foreground color will be deleted.
Magic Eraser (magic eraser) - [E] - allows you to erase an area filled with one color from the image in one click. This can be a closed area or all areas in the image filled with this color. The color that was clicked will be erased. The action of a magic eraser is in many ways similar to the action of a magic wand. Only the magic eraser does not select, but erases the image.
Options:
Tolerance - determines which colors to include in the selection.
Anti-Aliased - smooths out uneven edges.
Contiguous is a very important setting. You specify whether to select only neighboring pixels or pixels throughout the entire image based on color proximity. If it is necessary, for example, to delete only one black spot, then you need to check this box and click on the spot. If you want to delete
all black color from the image, then this checkbox, on the contrary, must be reset.
Use All Layers - extends the effect of this tool to all layers.
Opacity - makes the erased image opaque by the specified percentage.
Fill tool palette
Gradient - [G] - allows you to fill a layer or selected area with a smooth transition of colors. As you drag the cursor, Photoshop draws a line indicating the direction in which the gradient will be filled. The length of the line is the length of the color transition itself. The fields before and after the line are filled with pure colors from which, respectively, the gradient begins and ends. If you press and hold the Shift key while dragging the gradient tool, the line indicating the direction of the fill will snap to the guides, rotated relative to each other by 45 degrees. This allows you to draw a gradient, for example, in a precise vertical or precise horizontal direction.
Note: The gradient tool does not work in Bitmap, indexed-color, or 16-bit-per-channel color modes.
Options:
If you click on the arrow, a palette will open with gradient options that you can also create and save.
The gradient editing window opens by double-clicking on the list of gradient fill samples.
The dialog box contains the following options:
Presets contains ready-made gradients. They can be loaded with the Load command and saved with the Save command. ( Save).
The standard package of the program includes six sets of very different gradients, but most often you have to create them yourself.
Name - a unique name for the gradient. If the name is "Custom", then it is a gradient with custom settings.
To Gradient Type - gradient type. There are two options: Noise and Solid. Noise is hardly used; most problems are solved using uniform colors.
Smoothness - softness of the transition of colors in the gradient.
The transparency sliders (located above the color bar) limit the transparency of the gradient fill. In general, when creating and editing a gradient, you have to work almost exclusively with sliders. By clicking on the slider, you will see a limited area of its effect that can be changed. Any number of sliders can be used; To install a new one, just right-click in the area where they are placed.
The transition between colors is indicated by a stopper located under the color bar. Below the stripe there are also midpoint indicators, presented in the form of small diamonds. Each of these points indicates the place where adjacent colors are mixed in equal proportions. By changing the position of color stops and midpoints, adding new ones or removing unnecessary ones, you can create the desired gradient. You can add a color stop by clicking where you want along the bottom of the color bar. A new color pointer will appear at the click location, and midpoint markers will appear between the new limiter and its neighbors. The color marker that appears is active, and you can immediately specify its color by selecting it in the color palette.
If you need to remove an unnecessary color stop, simply move it outside the color transition strip. The limiter disappears and the color bar transforms to match the new conditions. If you need to copy a color marker without deleting it, you should drag it with the mouse while holding down the Alt key. You can move pointers using
mouse or, making them active, specify a numerical value in the Location field.
Keep in mind that if you are using numerical positioning of the color stops, a value of 0% corresponds to the extreme left position, and 100% corresponds to the extreme right. These positions are absolute on the color strip and do not change when new color stops are added. The situation is completely different when specifying the midpoint indicators numerically. In this case, a value of 50% corresponds to the average position between two adjacent color stops, 0% is a position above the left stop, 100% is above the right. This way, the position of the midpoints is set relative to the color guides, not the color bar. When you change the color stops, Photoshop automatically moves the midpoint marker, maintaining the previously set proportions.
If your color stops or midpoint markers are too close together, then you can use the Tab key to move between them.
The gradient type is set using five buttons in the options bar.
Operating modes:
Mode (Overlay mode) - the overlay mode of pixels in the gradient.
Opacity - the opacity of the gradient.
Dither - simulate more colors.
Reverse - geometrically reverse the gradient.
Transparency - whether to use transparency or not.
Paint Bucket - [G] - allows you to fill a layer with a selected or closed area with a solid color or an image sample (pattern), which you can make yourself, or you can select from ready-made ones in the Patterns drop-down menu in the settings palette.
Options:
Fill - Determines what to use as paint. There are two options:
(Foreground color) - main color.
(Sample) - fill with texture.
Pattern - pattern for filling.
Mode - the pixel blending mode when using this tool.
Opacity - fill opacity.
Anti-aliased - softens the uneven edges of the fill.
Contiguous - this setting determines whether to fill only neighboring pixels or pixels in the entire image by color proximity.
A palette of tools that control the clarity of image boundaries
Blur (blur) - [R] - blurs the image, i.e. reduces image contrast.
Options:
Mode (Change mode) - the mode of changing pixels when blurring. Similar to the pixel blend mode in the drawing tools.
Sharpen (sharpness) - [R] - makes the image clearer, i.e. increases image contrast. The usage and settings are identical to the Blur tool.
Options:
Brush - the brush to use.
Mode - the mode of changing pixels when increasing contrast.
Strength - the effectiveness of the tool. The higher this value, the faster the contrast increases.
Use All Layers - extends the effect of this tool to all layers.
Smudge - [R] - allows you to smear the image. At the moment you press the mouse button, Photoshop grabs the pixels located under the brush, and in the process of further dragging the cursor, it pulls them behind the cursor, gradually leaving some of the pixels in the image.
Options:
Brush - the brush to use.
Mode (Overlay mode) - mode of changing pixels in the processed area.
Strength - the effectiveness of the tool.
Use All Layers - extends the tool's effect to all layers.
Finger Painting - when this checkbox is checked, the tool radically changes its action: if previously it smeared an existing image, now it begins to paint with the main color.
Toolbar for brightening and darkening images
Dodge (clarifier) - [O] - allows you to lighten the image. Dragging this tool will increase the brightness of the image.
Options:
Brush - the brush to use.
Range - determines which type of pixel brightness to apply the effect to: shadows (Shadows), midtones (MidTones), highlights (Highlights).
Airbrush (Airbrush) - work in airbrush mode.
Burn (dimmer) - [O] - allows you to darken the image. Dragging this tool will decrease the brightness of the image.
Sponge - [O] - allows you to reduce or increase the color saturation of the image.
Options:
Brush - the brush to use.
Mode - the direction of color saturation change: decrease (Desaturate) or increase (Saturate).
Flow (Density) - drawing parameters taking into account the density of paint application.
Exposure - the effectiveness of the tool.
Toolbar for working with text
Type (text) - [T] - allows you to display text on the image. The result of using the text tool is a new text layer (Text Layer). The main difference between this layer and regular layers is the ability to edit text, change font, color and other parameters at any time. This feature persists until the text layer is rasterized, i.e. converted to a regular layer. To do this transformation, you need to right-click on the text layer in the Layers palette and select Rasterize Layer from the drop-down menu.
