Before talking about invention of the pump, let's talk about air. “What does air have to do with them?” - you ask. And what if there were no air, the best pump would be useless.

Air power

Let's do an experiment: fill a glass with water to the brim and cover it with a piece of thick paper. Lightly pressing the paper with your palm to the edges of the glass, tip it over and remove your hand. And what? The water obediently remains in the glass. You might think that someone invisible is holding it with paper.

Who is this invisible one? That's what it is air! The air cannot be seen, and we barely feel it, but day and night we must carry it on us, like a backpack weighing one hundred kilograms. “Well,” you say, “we don’t notice this at all!” But if put a liter of air on the scale, the needle will deflect and stop at 1.3 grams. When we talked about the highest peaks of mountains and the deepest depths of seas, then the thickness of the layer of air surrounding our Earth is more than a thousand kilometers.

It is calculated that the air pressure per square centimeter is equal to approximately a kilogram. Scales used to “weigh” air pressure - barometer. The air presses not only from above. Air pressure acts from all sides, even from below. On his broad back he holds water in an overturned glass. Air enough strong to withstand ten times the weight. The “trick” with an overturned glass of water turns out to be a very simple natural phenomenon.

Suction Pump (Piston Pump)

First of all there was suction pump invented(or piston), which sucks water from the depths of the earth and lifts it to the mountains. What do we do when we drink lemonade through a straw? We suck the air out of the straw and the lemonade rises to the top. If you quickly close the top hole of the straw with your finger, then the straw filled with lemonade can be removed from the glass without losing a single drop of liquid.

The same thing happens here as in the experiment with an overturned glass of water. Let's see how the suction pump works. Instead of a straw deep into the earth until level goes long narrow pipe. There is a cylinder on the surface of the earth. A suction valve is installed at the junction of the pipe and the cylinder. The cylinder contains a piston with discharge valve. The piston is activated by a handle. Now let's pump the pump with force, in other words, raise and lower the piston handle:

1. When we lift the handle, the pump piston moves down and forces air out of the space between the valves.
2. Then we press the handle, the piston rises, and the water, which is no longer pressed by air, is sucked through the pipe, like lemonade in a straw.
3. When we raise the handle again, the piston goes down again, and water enters the cylinder through the piston discharge valve.
4. Only on the fourth stroke of the piston, water pours out through the outlet pipe from the cylinder. now we we can quickly fill the bucket with water.

Here is a clear operating principle of a suction or piston pump: Pumps of this type can be double-plunger, triple-plunger, etc. Here is the operating principle of a triple-plunger pump:

Pressure pump

Pressure pump differs from its brother - the suction pump - only in that it doesn't have a piston valve. When the piston is raised, water is forced through the suction valve into the discharge pipe located on the side. The greater the pressure on the piston, the higher the water rises in the discharge pipe. It works the same way air pump.

Human heart

Human heart- brilliantly built pumping station . She tirelessly pumps blood into our arteries. The work of the pump valves is done by the heart valves. - a small pump, but its performance is very high. In Germany, in the university city of Heidelberg, a wooden barrel with a capacity of 221,726 liters has been preserved in an ancient castle. Four people can freely stand on top of each other inside it. This is the largest barrel in the world.

So, our heart can fill it to the brim in 22 days. Anyone who has pumped water knows how quickly this work gets tiring. But the inventive mind of man found a way out here too. With the invention of the pump, he turned its rocker into shafts and harnessed a horse to them. This is how the horse drive came into being. The wind also serves man - there are wind pumps.

Later, other, more energetic and reliable human assistants stood at the rocker arms of the pumps - steam engines, engines internal combustion and electric motors. But the old pump remained a faithful friend of man. Only appearance him has changed. Without it, modern water supply is unthinkable.

Increasing, or injection pump serves to increase the pressure in the water supply system and ensure a stable supply of water to the consumer. Pumps of this type are used in cases where insufficient pressure in water supply networks is associated with large differences in height between the water intake facility and the point of water consumption, with a long length of water supply, as well as in the case of simultaneous connection large quantity consumers to one water supply line. True, in the latter case, the installation of a pressure pump must be the same for all consumers, otherwise someone will still be left without water.

Modern plumbing equipment in many cases can only work if there is set pressure in the water supply network. This may include geysers, boilers, water heaters, washing and dishwashers, Jacuzzi and much more.

However, very often the existing water supply does not provide the necessary pressure. Building codes determine the requirements for water pressure: this value must be equal to the height of the highest point of water consumption with the addition of 15 meters of water column (1.5 bar). For a low-rise building of private houses it will be equal to 2.1 bar, for a five-story building area - 3.0 bar, and for a nine-story building - 4.2 bar. In this case, such pressure should not be in your apartment, but at the entrance to the residential building. But it happens that in the water supply network you can only see the minimum permissible value of 1.5 bar. In this case, you can increase the water pressure by installing an additional pump, which will ensure normal operation of the plumbing in your home.

Which to choose?

When choosing a pressure pump or a water pressure-increasing station, you should proceed from the following premises:

• He must be powerful enough, but the water pressure it develops in total with the existing initial pressure of the water supply system should not exceed 6.0 bar, otherwise it will simply crush your existing equipment and plumbing fixtures with its pressure.
• The cost must be within reasonable limits, you should not buy cheap Chinese fakes, but also do not buy the most expensive brand, which differs only in name;
• Pay attention to the noise level during operation and the dimensions of the equipment, because it will have to be placed somewhere, which means it will be heard and seen;
• Determine how much tap water do you consume? simultaneously in maximum mode.

There are two options for connecting the booster pump to operation - permanent and with automatic shutdown. In the first case, the unit operates, maintaining the required pressure in the network around the clock. In the second, it only works when you open the water tap or the water supply to household appliances begins.

It should be noted that the option of round-the-clock operation is justified if you are installing a pressure unit for collective use, which will serve a large number of apartments or private houses. Then the pump is installed in separate room or technical building. IN multi-storey buildings This is usually a basement or a specially dug and equipped well in the yard.

If the issue of providing water to only one apartment or private house is being considered, then the operation of the pump should be automated. This will provide you with energy savings and no noise at night with stable pressure in the water supply system. In addition, constantly operating equipment serving one apartment or a private house, fails faster due to greater wear.

The automation for the booster pump can be a flow sensor or a pressure sensor. In the second case, additional installation of a membrane water reserve tank will be required, which will shut down when the pressure drops.

Optional equipment

In order to install the injection unit on the water supply, you will need to purchase the following additional equipment:

• shut-off valves in the form of taps, valves or valves to ensure the possibility of disconnection from the water supply in case of need for repair or maintenance work;
• check valve, to prevent water from flowing back into the water supply when the pump is turned off;
• mechanical filter rough cleaning to protect the pump from possible ingress of rust particles, sand and sludge from the water supply network;
• automation devices in accordance with the recommendations outlined above;
• automatic switch to protect against overvoltage in case of short circuit;
• protection against “dry running” to ensure that the pump stops working when complete absence water in the tap.

The installed pressure dilution pump must be grounded and securely fastened to the installation site. To secure small pumps installed directly on the pipeline, it is necessary to secure the inlet sections at a distance of no more than 15-20 cm from the pump nozzle. Secure fastening is very important point, since it significantly affects the duration of its trouble-free operation.

Pump installation

You need to know that installing a pressure pump common use must be agreed upon with local public utilities, since the operation of such equipment may lead to an even greater decrease in pressure in the water supply for other consumers.

It is best to install the pump in a dry room in a place where there is easy access for its maintenance and repair, but under the condition that it is inaccessible to children. Please remember that this equipment is connected to an electrical outlet and may pose a risk of electric shock.

To carry out installation work, it is recommended to contact specialists who have experience in carrying out such work, since it will be necessary not only to carry out work on installing the pump, but also to insert into the existing water supply network, and also correctly connect the pump to the electrical network.

An experienced specialist will assist you at the pump selection stage, taking into account all available technical specifications. Coordinates the issue of connection with utility services, if required in your case. Will recommend a reliable manufacturer of the pump and additional equipment that will operate for a long time without repair with minimal maintenance.

Considering that the injection pump is a permanent equipment, it will require periodic Maintenance, which the specialist who installed it can provide better than others.

Market heating equipment constantly evolving and being implemented modern technologies, which allows you to increase efficiency and reduce heating costs country houses. Let's consider the advantages, characteristics, principle of operation and installation technology of pumps.

Design and purpose of heating pumps

Many country house owners do not have the luxury of connecting to centralized system heating, due to which the issue of heating the premises has to be resolved independently. The injection pump is not a mandatory component of the system, but otherwise there may be problems with the uniformity of heat distribution along the heating perimeter; this equipment also allows you to increase efficiency. If there is a situation where the boiler is heated to its limit, and the pipes in remote rooms are still cold, then two solutions are possible:

1. installation of larger diameter pipes;
2. pump installation.

The first option is significantly more expensive and involves a huge amount of work, especially if all the pipes were well hidden during construction. This may appeal to few people, except in special situations. In other cases, the second method is the most rational.

Installing a pump, firstly, will cost significantly less than manipulating pipes. Secondly, this is a guaranteed way to increase efficiency heating system, as a result of which the ratio of the rate of heating of the room to the rate of fuel consumption increases in favor of the former.

In addition to correcting many errors in thermal distribution, such a modification will make it possible to install heated towel rails, which is very useful in everyday life, as well as to use pipes of a smaller diameter, which will save money if the entire building is still at the planning stage. Installing a pump will allow you to heat a larger area with fewer heating radiators.

Criteria for selecting injection pumps

When choosing a pump, the greatest attention should be paid to its power. In order to correctly compare the power of the unit with the needs of the heating system, many parameters should be taken into account. For example, pipeline length and pipe diameter, maximum pressure and water temperature. The longer the pipes are stretched, the greater the power requirement pumping equipment. For successful planning, the following points should be calculated:

• coolant consumption, depending on the boiler power;
• the volume of water in each element of the system, varying from the volume of the radiators;
• the volume of liquid in the pipes, which is affected by their diameter.

After all the calculations, you should purchase a pump whose values ​​will be a tenth higher than the resulting data on paper. This margin is enough for normal stability of the system, but it is not worth increasing it: an extra “handicap” will not bring any benefit, but will affect the noise of the entire mechanism.

Among other things, pumps are divided into dry (the rotor does not directly contact the energy carrier) and wet (the working part is in contact with water). Choose for yours country house You can find the pump that suits you in the AquaPump online pump store. Store sellers are always ready to provide free advice on the product you are interested in and help you with your choice.

Advantages and disadvantages of dry rotor pumps

Dry pumps have the following advantages:

• high efficiency – 80%;
• the rotor is not in contact with the energy carrier;
• the equipment is ideal for pumping large volumes of water;
• best option for multi-storey buildings, commercial or industrial premises

Cons: excessive noise during operation, which makes it inappropriate for use in private homes.

Pros and cons of wet rotor pumps

The advantages of wet pumps include the following characteristics:

• cooling and lubrication of the engine with all elements of the working part through contact of the rotor with the coolant;
• stainless steel elements providing long term operation;
• no need for frequent after-sales service thanks to the use of high-quality components;
• small noises that do not cause discomfort in the future;
• compactness and light weight, facilitating self-installation;
• easily replaceable units, allowing you to avoid making regular maintenance a big expense;
• the possibility of installation directly on pipes, which eliminates the need for a complete reconstruction of the entire system.

Cons: relatively low efficiency; when compared with a “wet” rotor, the performance is several times lower.

Basic rules for installing a pump

Before installation, you should purchase everything you need for the job. Namely, the pumping equipment itself, a set of split threads, a deep cleaning filter, a check valve, shut-off valves, a small piece of pipe and all the missing tools, including a set of special keys.

Installation is carried out in the following sequence: selection of installation location, installation itself, debugging of the system.

The preference of a location depends on its accessibility for maintenance and efficiency; the shorter the distance from the equipment to the radiators, the higher the efficiency. If you do not have experience in this area, then it is better to turn to professionals for the installation of pumping equipment. Specialists will carry out installation taking into account all requirements and standards so that the equipment is safe and as efficient as possible during operation.

The water supply diagram is shown in Fig. 243. A large tank of water (water tower) is installed on the tower. From the tank there are pipes with a number of branches leading into the houses. The ends of the branches are closed with taps. At the faucet, the water pressure is equal to the pressure of the water column, which has a height equal to the difference in height between the faucet and the free surface of the water in the tank. This pressure usually reaches several atmospheres, since the tank is installed at an altitude of several tens of meters. Thanks to this, when you open the tap, water flows out in a fast stream. Obviously, the pressure in the upper floors of houses is less than in the lower ones. It is also clear that the water supply system cannot supply water to a height greater than the height of the free water level in the tank.

Rice. 243. Scheme of water supply system. Water is pumped into water tower 1 by pump 2

Water in tank water tower supplied by pumps. A pressure piston pump consists of a cylinder with a piston equipped with valve 1 (Fig. 244). There is valve 2 at the bottom of the cylinder. Both valves can only open in one direction. Behind the second valve, tube 3 begins, leading to the upper reservoir. Let us assume that the cylinder and tube are filled with water, and consider what happens when the piston moves from top to bottom and from bottom to top.

Rice. 244. Water injection pump

Let's start lowering the piston. It will compress the water, and the resulting pressure forces will close valve 1 and open valve 2. Valve 2 will open when the pressure of the water compressed in the cylinder exceeds the pressure pillar-generated water, having a height from valve 2 to the water level in the upper tank. As the piston is further lowered, water will be forced out of the cylinder through tube 3 and will flow into the upper reservoir. At the same time, the space above the piston will be filled with water from the lower reservoir through tube 4. Now we will begin to lift the piston. The pressure under the piston will immediately drop, and the water pressure in tube 3 will close valve 2. On the other hand, the water pressure above the piston will open valve 1, since pressure forces from below are no longer acting on it. When the piston rises, water will flow through the open valve 1 from the top to the bottom of the cylinder. With the next lowering and raising of the piston, the process is repeated, and water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper one.

155.1. What minimum pressure must a pump develop to supply water to a height of 55 m?

155.2. The water pressure in the water supply taps on the second floor of a six-story building is 2.5 atm. Find the height of the water level in the water tower tank above ground level, and also the water pressure at the sixth floor tap. Take the height of one floor to be 4 m.

In this article we tried to collect everything possible principles pump operation. Often, it is quite difficult to understand the wide variety of brands and types of pumps without knowing how a particular unit works. We tried to make this clear, since it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times.
Most descriptions of pump operation on the Internet contain only sections of the flow part (at best, diagrams of operation by phases). This does not always help to understand exactly how the pump functions. Moreover, not everyone has an engineering education.
We hope that this section of our website will not only help you in making the right choice equipment, but will also broaden your horizons.

Since ancient times, the task of raising and transporting water has been a challenge. The very first devices of this type were water-lifting wheels. It is believed that they were invented by the Egyptians.
The water-lifting machine was a wheel with jugs attached around its circumference. The lower edge of the wheel was lowered into the water. When the wheel rotated around its axis, the jugs scooped up water from the reservoir, and then at the top point of the wheel, the water poured out of the jugs into a special receiving tray. To rotate the device, use the muscular force of a person or animals.

Archimedes (287–212 BC), a great scientist of antiquity, invented a screw water-lifting device, later named after him. This device raised water using a screw rotating inside the pipe, but some water always flowed back, since effective seals were unknown in those days. As a result, a relationship was derived between screw tilt and feed. When working, you could choose between a larger volume of water being lifted or a higher lifting height. The greater the inclination of the screw, the greater the feed height while reducing productivity.

The first piston pump for extinguishing fires, invented by the ancient Greek mechanic Ctesibius, was described back in the 1st century BC. e. These pumps can rightfully be considered the very first pumps. Until the beginning of the 18th century, pumps of this type were used quite rarely, because... Made of wood, they often broke. These pumps were developed after they began to be made of metal.
With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and the advent of steam engines, piston pumps began to be used to pump water from mines and mines.
Currently, piston pumps are used in everyday life to lift water from wells and wells, in industry - in dosing pumps and high-pressure pumps.

There are also piston pumps, grouped into groups: two-plunger, three-plunger, five-plunger, etc.
They differ fundamentally in the number of pumps and their relative position relative to the drive.
In the picture you can see a triple plunger pump.

Vane pumps are a type piston pumps. Pumps of this type were invented in the mid-19th century.
The pumps are two-way, that is, they supply water without idling.
Mainly used as hand pumps for supplying fuel, oils and water from wells and wells.

Design:
Inside the cast iron body there are the working parts of the pump: an impeller that performs reciprocating movements and two pairs of valves (inlet and outlet). When the impeller moves, the pumped liquid moves from the suction cavity to the discharge cavity. The valve system prevents fluid flow in the opposite direction

Pumps of this type have a bellows (“accordion”) in their design, which is compressed to pump liquid. The design of the pump is very simple and consists of only a few parts.
Typically, such pumps are made of plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene).
The main application is pumping out chemically active liquids from barrels, canisters, bottles, etc.

The low price of the pump allows it to be used as a disposable pump for pumping caustic and hazardous liquids with subsequent disposal of this pump.

Rotary vane (or vane) pumps are self-priming positive displacement pumps. Designed for pumping liquids. having lubricity (oils, diesel fuel, etc.). Pumps can suck in liquid “dry”, i.e. do not require preliminary filling of the housing with working fluid.

Operating principle: The working body of the pump is made in the form of an eccentrically located rotor having longitudinal radial grooves in which flat plates (vanes) slide, pressed against the stator by centrifugal force.
Since the rotor is located eccentrically, when it rotates, the plates, being continuously in contact with the wall of the housing, either enter the rotor or move out of it.
During operation of the pump, a vacuum is formed on the suction side and the pumped mass fills the space between the plates and is then forced into the discharge pipe.

Gear pumps with external gears are designed for pumping viscous liquids with lubricity.
The pumps are self-priming (usually no more than 4-5 meters).

Operating principle:
The drive gear is in constant mesh with the driven gear and causes it to rotate. When the pump gears rotate in opposite directions in the suction cavity, the teeth, leaving mesh, form a vacuum (vacuum). Due to this, liquid enters the suction cavity, which, filling the cavities between the teeth of both gears, moves the teeth along the cylindrical walls in the housing and is transferred from the suction cavity to the discharge cavity, where the teeth of the gears, engaging, push the liquid from the cavities into the discharge pipeline. In this case, tight contact is formed between the teeth, as a result of which the reverse transfer of liquid from the discharge cavity to the suction cavity is impossible.

The pumps are similar in principle to a conventional gear pump, but have more compact dimensions. One of the disadvantages is the difficulty of manufacturing.

Operating principle:
The drive gear is driven by the electric motor shaft. By engaging the pinion gear teeth, the outer gear also rotates.
When rotating, the openings between the teeth are cleared, the volume increases and a vacuum is created at the inlet, ensuring the suction of liquid.
The medium moves in the inter-tooth spaces to the discharge side. The sickle, in this case, serves as a seal between the suction and discharge sections.
When a tooth is inserted into the interdental space, the volume decreases and the medium is forced out to the outlet of the pump.

Lobe (lobe or rotary) pumps are designed for gentle pumping of high products containing particles.
The different shapes of the rotors installed in these pumps allow pumping liquids with large inclusions (for example, chocolate with whole nuts, etc.)
The rotation speed of the rotors usually does not exceed 200...400 revolutions, which allows pumping products without destroying their structure.
Used in the food and chemical industries.

In the picture you can see a rotary pump with three-lobe rotors.
Pumps of this design are used in food production for gentle pumping of cream, sour cream, mayonnaise and similar liquids that can damage their structure when pumped by other types of pumps.
For example, when pumping cream with a centrifugal pump (which has a wheel speed of 2900 rpm), it is whipped into butter.

An impeller pump (vane pump, soft rotor pump) is a type of rotary vane pump.
The working part of the pump is a soft impeller, mounted eccentrically relative to the center of the pump housing. Due to this, when the impeller rotates, the volume between the blades changes and a vacuum is created at the suction.
What happens next can be seen in the picture.
The pumps are self-priming (up to 5 meters).
The advantage is the simplicity of the design.

The name of this pump comes from the shape of the working body - a disk curved in a sinusoid. A distinctive feature of sine pumps is the ability to carefully pump products containing large inclusions without damaging them.
For example, you can easily pump compote from peaches with inclusions of their halves (naturally, the size of the particles pumped without damage depends on the volume of the working chamber. When choosing a pump, you need to pay attention to this).

The size of the pumped particles depends on the volume of the cavity between the disk and the pump body.
The pump has no valves. The design is very simple, which guarantees long and trouble-free operation.

Principle of operation:

On the pump shaft, in the working chamber, there is a disk shaped like a sinusoid. The chamber is divided from above into 2 parts by gates (to the middle of the disk), which can move freely in a plane perpendicular to the disk and seal this part of the chamber, preventing liquid from flowing from the pump inlet to the outlet (see figure).
When the disk rotates, it creates a wave-like movement in the working chamber, due to which the liquid moves from the suction pipe to the discharge pipe. Due to the fact that the chamber is half divided by gates, the liquid is squeezed into the discharge pipe.

The main working part of an eccentric screw pump is a screw (gerotor) pair, which determines both the operating principle and all the basic characteristics of the pump unit. The screw pair consists of a stationary part - the stator, and a moving part - the rotor.

The stator is an internal n+1-lead spiral, usually made of elastomer (rubber), inseparably (or separately) connected to a metal holder (sleeve).

The rotor is an external n-lead spiral, which is usually made of steel with or without subsequent coating.

It is worth pointing out that the most common units at present are those with a 2-start stator and a 1-start rotor; this design is classic for almost all manufacturers of screw equipment.

An important point is that the centers of rotation of the spirals of both the stator and the rotor are shifted by the amount of eccentricity, which makes it possible to create a friction pair in which, when the rotor rotates, closed sealed cavities are created inside the stator along the entire axis of rotation. In this case, the number of such closed cavities per unit length of the screw pair determines the final pressure of the unit, and the volume of each cavity determines its productivity.

Screw pumps are classified as positive displacement pumps. These types of pumps can pump highly viscous liquids, including those containing large amounts of abrasive particles.
Advantages of screw pumps:
- self-priming (up to 7...9 meters),
- gentle pumping of liquid that does not destroy the structure of the product,
- the ability to pump highly viscous liquids, including those containing particles,
- the possibility of manufacturing the pump housing and stator from various materials, which allows you to pump aggressive liquids.

Pumps of this type are widely used in the food and petrochemical industries.

Pumps of this type are designed for pumping viscous products with solid particles. The working body is a hose.
Advantage: simplicity of design, high reliability, self-priming.

Principle of operation:
When the rotor rotates in glycerin, the shoe completely pinches the hose (the working body of the pump), located around the circumference inside the housing, and squeezes the pumped liquid into the main line. Behind the shoe, the hose regains its shape and sucks up the liquid. The abrasive particles are pressed into the elastic inner layer of the hose, then pushed out into the stream without damaging the hose.

Vortex pumps are designed for pumping various liquid media. the pumps are self-priming (after filling the pump housing with liquid).
Advantages: simplicity of design, high pressure, small size.

Operating principle:
The impeller of a vortex pump is a flat disk with short radial straight blades located on the periphery of the wheel. The body has an annular cavity. The internal sealing protrusion, tightly adjacent to the outer ends and side surfaces of the blades, separates the suction and pressure pipes connected to the annular cavity.

When the wheel rotates, the liquid is carried away by the blades and at the same time twists under the influence of centrifugal force. Thus, in the annular cavity of a working pump, a kind of paired annular vortex motion is formed, which is why the pump is called a vortex pump. Distinctive feature vortex pump is that the same volume of liquid moving along a helical trajectory, in the area from the entrance to the annular cavity to the exit from it, repeatedly enters the inter-blade space of the wheel, where each time it receives an additional increase in energy, and, consequently, pressure .

Gas lift (from gas and English lift - to raise), a device for lifting droplet liquid using the energy contained in the compressed gas mixed with it. Gas lift is used mainly for lifting oil from drilling wells, using gas coming out of oil-bearing formations. There are known lifts in which atmospheric air is used to supply liquid, mainly water. Such lifts are called airlifts or mamut pumps.

In a gas lift, or air lift, compressed gas or air from a compressor is supplied through a pipeline, mixed with liquid, forming a gas-liquid or water-air emulsion, which rises through the pipe. Mixing of gas and liquid occurs at the bottom of the pipe. The action of gas lift is based on balancing a column of gas-liquid emulsion with a column of droplet liquid based on the law of communicating vessels. One of them is a borehole or reservoir, and the other is a pipe containing a gas-liquid mixture.

Diaphragm pumps are classified as positive displacement pumps. There are single and double diaphragm pumps. Double-diaphragm, usually produced with compressed air drive. Our picture shows just such a pump.
The pumps are simple in design, self-priming (up to 9 meters), and can pump chemically aggressive liquids and liquids with a high content of particles.

Principle of operation:
The two diaphragms, connected by a shaft, are moved back and forth by alternately blowing air into the chambers behind the diaphragms using an automatic air valve.

Suction: The first membrane creates a vacuum as it moves away from the housing wall.
Pressure: The second membrane simultaneously transmits air pressure to the fluid located in the housing, pushing it towards outlet. During each cycle, the air pressure on the back wall of the releasing membrane is equal to the pressure, pressure from the liquid. Therefore, diaphragm pumps can also be operated with the outlet valve closed without compromising the service life of the diaphragm.

Screw pumps are often confused with screw pumps. But these are completely different pumps, as you can see in our description. The working body is the auger.
Pumps of this type can pump liquids of medium viscosity (up to 800 cSt), have good suction capacity (up to 9 meters), and can pump liquids with large particles (the size is determined by the pitch of the screw).
They are used for pumping oil sludge, fuel oil, diesel fuel, etc.

Attention! NON-SELF-PRIMING pumps. To operate in suction mode, the pump housing and the entire suction hose must be primed)

Centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pumps are the most common pumps. The name comes from the principle of operation: the pump operates due to centrifugal force.
The pump consists of a casing (snail) and an impeller with radial curved blades located inside. The liquid enters the center of the wheel and, under the influence of centrifugal force, is thrown to its periphery and then discharged through the pressure pipe.

Pumps are used to pump liquid media. There are models for chemically active liquids, sand and sludge. They differ in body materials: different brands are used for chemical liquids stainless steels and plastic, for sludge - wear-resistant cast iron or rubber-coated pumps.
The widespread use of centrifugal pumps is due to the simplicity of their design and low manufacturing costs.

Multi-section pump

Multi-section pumps are pumps with several impellers arranged in series. This arrangement is needed when necessary high pressure at the exit.

The fact is that a conventional centrifugal wheel produces a maximum pressure of 2-3 atm.

Therefore, to obtain higher pressure values, several centrifugal wheels installed in series are used.
(essentially, these are several centrifugal pumps connected in series).

These types of pumps are used as submersible well pumps and as network pumps high pressure.

Three Screw Pump

Three-screw pumps are designed for pumping liquids with lubricity, without abrasive mechanical impurities. Product viscosity - up to 1500 cSt. Pump type: positive displacement.
The operating principle of a three-screw pump is clear from the figure.

Pumps of this type are used:
- on ships of the sea and river fleet, in engine rooms,
- in hydraulic systems,
- in technological lines for fuel supply and pumping of petroleum products.

Jet pump

A jet pump is designed to move (pump out) liquids or gases using compressed air (or liquid and steam) supplied through an ejector. The operating principle of the pump is based on Bernoulli's law (the higher the speed of fluid flow in the pipe, the lower the pressure of this fluid). This determines the shape of the pump.

The design of the pump is extremely simple and has no moving parts.
Pumps of this type can be used as vacuum pumps or pumps for pumping liquids (including those containing inclusions).
To operate the pump, a compressed air or steam supply is required.

Jet pumps powered by steam are called steam-jet pumps; those powered by water are called water-jet pumps.
Pumps that suck out a substance and create a vacuum are called ejectors. Pumps pumping a substance under pressure - injectors.

This pump operates without power supply, compressed air, etc. The operation of this type of pump is based on the energy of water flowing by gravity and the hydraulic shock that occurs during sudden braking.

Operating principle of a hydraulic ram pump:
Along the suction inclined pipe, the water accelerates to a certain speed, at which the spring-loaded baffle valve (on the right) overcomes the force of the spring and closes, blocking the flow of water. The inertia of abruptly stopped water in the suction pipe creates a water hammer (i.e., the water pressure in the supply pipe increases sharply for a short time). The magnitude of this pressure depends on the length of the supply pipe and the speed of water flow.
The increased water pressure opens the top valve of the pump and part of the water from the pipe passes into the air cap (rectangle on top) and the outlet pipe (to the left of the cap). The air in the bell is compressed, accumulating energy.
Because The water in the supply pipe is stopped, the pressure in it drops, which leads to the opening of the baffle valve and the closing of the top valve. After this, the water from the air cap is pushed out by the pressure of compressed air into the outlet pipe. Since the rebound valve has opened, the water accelerates again and the pump cycle repeats.

Scroll Vacuum Pump

The scroll vacuum pump is a positive displacement pump that compresses and moves gas internally.
Each pump consists of two high-precision Archimedes spirals (crescent-shaped cavities) located at an offset of 180° relative to each other. One spiral is stationary, and the other is rotated by a motor.
The moving spiral performs orbital rotation, which leads to a consistent reduction in gas cavities, compressing and moving gas along a chain from the periphery to the center.
Scroll vacuum pumps are classified as “dry” foreline pumps, which do not use vacuum oils to seal mating parts (no friction - no oil needed).
One of the areas of application for this type of pump is particle accelerators and synchrotrons, which in itself already speaks about the quality of the vacuum created.

Laminar (disc) pump

Laminar (disc) pump is a type centrifugal pump, but can perform the work not only of centrifugal, but also of progressive cavity pumps, vane and gear pumps, i.e. pump viscous liquids.
The impeller of a laminar pump consists of two or more parallel disks. The greater the distance between the discs, the more viscous the liquid the pump can pump. Theory of the physics of the process: under laminar flow conditions, layers of liquid move at different speeds through a pipe: the layer closest to the stationary pipe (the so-called boundary layer) flows more slowly than the deeper (close to the center of the pipe) layers of the flowing medium.
Similarly, when fluid enters a disc pump, a boundary layer forms on the rotating surfaces of the parallel impeller disks. As the disks rotate, energy is transferred to successive layers of molecules in the fluid between the disks, creating velocity and pressure gradients across the width of the orifice. This combination of boundary layer and viscous drag results in a pumping torque that "pulls" the product through the pump in a smooth, almost pulsating flow.

*Information taken from open sources.