Despite the growing popularity solid fuel, main gas remains the main energy carrier consumed for space heating. Accordingly, homeowners continue to purchase gas-using equipment. The next step is the installation of a gas boiler, carried out in an apartment or private house in accordance with regulatory and technical requirements. We suggest going through this procedure virtually, starting with choosing a heating unit.

Homeowner's procedure

Device or replacement gas heating V country cottages or premises apartment building made with the permission of the relevant service. Moreover, you can install the boiler and make the piping yourself, subject to compliance with current building codes. Employees of the gas supply organization perform 3 types of work: project development (with approval), gas connection and start-up of the heat generator.

Reference. Design and installation are usually ordered by fuel supply companies, although the law does not prohibit hiring third-party companies. The question is the cost of services and the duration of the approval procedure.

How to proceed correctly to install a gas boiler in your home:

1. Select a room for installation of a heat source.
2. Buy a heat generator of the required power, compatible with the heating system.
3. Submit an application to the gas supply organization, attaching a package of documents. Get technical specifications(TU) for connecting a gas-using installation.
4. Based on the specifications, order the production of design documentation and have it approved by the relevant service of the gas supplier company.
5. Following all the rules and requirements set out in the project, install and connect the boiler to the heating system.
6. Call Gorgaz specialists who will connect to the fuel line and initially start up the heat source.

In general, the specified procedure for installing and connecting boilers is valid in all countries of the former USSR. In any case, the homeowner receives technical specifications that list the requirements of current state regulations. Let's look at each stage separately.

Installation room

According to the requirements of SNiP and other sets of rules, installation of gas-fired heaters is allowed in the following premises:

In most cases, gas heating boilers are installed in a separate furnace room. In apartments and small country houses heating units are located in the kitchen, less often - in the passage corridor (applies to wall-mounted versions of heat generators).

Placing the heat generator in a separate room

What are the requirements for the premises:

It is difficult for the average homeowner to calculate ventilation based on air flow in 1 hour. Hence the advice: organize the hood through a channel with a minimum cross-section of 14 x 14 cm, optimal size– 28 x 14 cm. The exhaust shaft exit is made in the upper zone of the room, the inflow is organized through the entrance door, where a grille with a live (useful) cross-section of 0.025 m² is built in. The premises of the gas boiler room are described in detail in the video:

Selection of heating unit

The first criterion for choosing a gas boiler is thermal power, required for heating. Depending on the operating conditions, the performance of the heat generator is calculated as follows:

1. In the area with temperate climate power is calculated by multiplying the heated area by 100 W. An increasing safety factor of 1.2 (+20%) is applied to the resulting figure.
2. With a ceiling height of 3 m or more, the performance is calculated based on the volume of the building - the cubic capacity is multiplied by the average value of 40 W.
3. In the southern regions, the area is multiplied by 80, in the northern regions - by 200 W. The safety factor is maintained.
4. The design power of double-circuit versions and conventional boilers operating in conjunction with an indirect heating boiler is multiplied by a safety factor of 1.5 (+50%) instead of 1.2.
5. If the heat generator is connected according to the scheme with buffer capacity– a heat accumulator, the power reserve is doubled (+100%).

The type of unit depends on. To gravity open systems Non-volatile models of gas boilers are suitable - floor and parapet. Closed circuits operating under pressure, it is better to connect to wall heaters equipped with their own circulation pump and expansion tank.

In apartments and private houses, where for various reasons it is impossible to remove flue gases in the traditional way, it is recommended to install a gas boiler with closed camera combustion and forced air injection. Such heat generators are equipped with a coaxial chimney laid out through the wall. The principle of operation is as follows: air is drawn in by a turbine through the external channel of a double-walled pipe, and combustion products are ejected through the internal passage.

Registration of permits

Let us clarify the sequence of actions a little: first you need to contact the gas specialists for permission to install the boiler, then buy a heating unit, then request technical specifications and order the project. To obtain specifications and contact designers, prepare a package of documents:

• ownership of housing - an apartment or a private house;
• current building layout;
• passport and operating instructions for the gas heat generator;
• product certificate.

Note. The certificate and documentation of the heater are provided by the equipment manufacturer.

Example of a boiler room project

Having received the technical specifications, hand them over to the design engineers, supported by drawings of the building and your own wishes regarding the location of the boiler installation. If there are no plans, you will have to pay extra for an on-site inspection - the technician will draw up a drawing after the fact.

Advice. Carefully discuss with the designers the main points - the exact location of the heating unit and the design of the chimney. This will save time and begin installation work without waiting for project approval.

The finished project documentation (at least 3 copies) is endorsed by the responsible persons of the gas supply organization. At this stage, it is worth ordering the laying of external and internal gas pipelines. Contact the same office or another licensed company.

Requirements for the furnace room

Installation requirements

When installing a floor-standing boiler that burns natural gas, it is recommended to maintain the minimum distances to walls and other building structures:

• the width of the free area in front of the front part of the heater is 1250 mm;
• side passages for maintenance and troubleshooting – 700 mm;
• The minimum clearance at the rear of the unit is 50 cm.

To the hinged ones gas boilers the requirements are more relaxed - at least 1 m of free space must be left in front, 20 cm on the sides, and 300 mm on the bottom. The structure hanging over the heat generator should be located no closer than 45 cm, as shown in the diagram.

Before installing a stationary boiler on wooden floors, be sure to place a fireproof gasket made of basalt cardboard and roofing steel, protruding 100 mm beyond the dimensions of the casing, 70 cm in front. If due to various reasons the heater is close to the walls wooden house, they should be sheathed with non-combustible materials:

Similar precautions are taken when installing a wall-mounted heat generator on a wooden wall. The simplest fire-prevention measure is to place galvanized metal under the body, protruding 10 cm (downwards - 70 cm), as shown in the photo.

Connection to chimney and heating

Gas heating units with an open combustion chamber require connection to a chimney pipe with good natural draft. Its head should not fall into the wind support zone, otherwise the traction force will decrease to zero. The minimum height of the chimney is 5 m (counting from the burner), the optimal one depends on the location and distance from the ridge of the pitched roof (indicated below in the diagram).

Important point. Connect the gas boiler pipe to brick ventilation ducts made in the wall of the apartment or country house, is strictly prohibited.

The general requirements for chimneys and connecting gas boilers are as follows:

1. Pipe diameter - not smaller size branch pipe of the unit designed to remove combustion products.
2. The material of the chimney duct is galvanized steel, stainless steel, brick or ceramics. No aluminum corrugations.
3. The total length of the horizontal section cutting into the vertical pipe is no more than 3 m; An inspection hatch is installed below the insertion point with a minimum offset of 25 cm.
4. Distance from metal smoke duct to wooden structures– 0.5 m. If you cover flammable material with asbestos or roofing iron, the indentation can be reduced to 100 mm.
5. The maximum number of 90° turns of the chimney should not exceed 3. This does not include 30 and 45° bends used to bypass the roof overhang.

The requirements for the installation of coaxial pipes of turbocharged boilers are simpler: the channel is made with a slight slope towards the street, plus compliance with fire safety measures when passing through wooden walls. The structure of chimney pipes is described in detail.

The boiler piping is carried out according to the following recommendations:

• the wall-mounted heat generator is simply connected to the heating system through shut-off valves with American connections;
• Install mesh filters at the gas and coolant inlet;
• for a floor heater, you need to assemble a circuit corresponding to the heating system: install circulation pump, expansion tank and safety group;
• connect the make-up from the water supply network to the return pipeline with the coolant;
• When working together with a wood-burning or electric boiler, consider installing check valves.

For turbocharged heater with high efficiency equipped with a fan and automation, install an outlet with a supply voltage of 220 volts and a ground wire. Make sure that in case of an accident it does not become flooded. When connecting via a stabilizer or uninterruptible power supply, organize a special shelf or cabinet for these devices.

Conclusion

Upon completion of the work, gas service personnel will check the correct installation and compliance with the project. If any critical comments arise, the shortcomings will have to be eliminated - without this, the company will not allow commissioning and gas supply to the facility. If there are no complaints, specialists will connect the gas pipe, configure and start up the equipment. All that remains is to take the last step - to conclude an agreement for the supply of fuel.

If you don’t dream of autonomous gas heating with hot water supply, then every householder has probably seriously thought about it, both in a city apartment and in a private house. Only today it can reliably provide a comfortable temperature in the house cheaper than the central one. However, installing a gas boiler with your own hands is a complex, responsible matter that requires a permit. Actually, taking it on yourself makes complete sense only if you have sufficient funds to purchase double-circuit boiler with boiler and complete set automation, and your home according to the specifications is suitable for installing a boiler.

The second case when you need a gas boiler is if you are not rich, but hot water there is no such thing in the house at all and is not expected. In this case, you need a simple budget single-circuit instantaneous hot water boiler that allows you to wash dishes and take a shower. A gas boiler is more expensive than an electric boiler, but taking into account the cost of installing a gas meter, at current rates it will pay for itself in a year and a half over the winter, depending on where you live. If, again, you can install it in your apartment, and you are not afraid of going through the authorities.

Two big differences

The boilers mentioned above are the extremes of a huge variety of gas models water heating devices. They are available for self-installation. Any other gas heating boiler for installation requires professional work. However, every cloud has a silver lining - specialized companies also take on the preparation of the premises and the preparation of documents. But why can you install only the “tips of scissors” yourself?

Simple water heater

The simplest boiler is really very simple: gas-burner, heat exchanger - that's all. It is enough to connect water and gas to it, vent the exhaust into the chimney - and you can use it. If the papers have already been completed; otherwise - an inevitable large fine.

Home boiler room

A double-circuit boiler with a boiler and full automation is so “smart” that installing it is as easy as the simplest one. Automation is important not only for simplicity: complete system with a double thermostat and microprocessor monitors the temperature in the house and outside, according to a given program, reduces heating to a minimum according to sanitary standards when no one is at home (for example, when everyone is at work). The gas consumption of such a boiler is 30-70% less than with manual or semi-automatic adjustment, and the savings are greater the more severe the weather.

But such a home boiler room has a serious drawback: if you find yourself in a natural disaster zone and the power supply is disrupted, the automation “stalls” and the boiler goes into the mode of minimal heating of the room. Therefore, such a boiler requires additional costs for guaranteed power supply. It is not difficult to provide it yourself, see below.

Where you can and where you can’t install a gas boiler

The rules for installing a gas boiler provide the following requirements for installing a HEATING boiler, regardless of whether it also provides DHW or not:

1. The boiler must be installed in a separate room - a furnace (boiler room) with an area of ​​at least 4 square meters. m., with a ceiling height of at least 2.5 m. The rules also state that the volume of the room must be at least 8 cubic meters. Based on this, you can find indications that a ceiling of 2 m is acceptable. This is incorrect. 8 cubic meters is the minimum free volume.
2. The furnace room must have an opening window, and the width of the door (not the doorway) must be at least 0.8 m.
3. Finishing the furnace with flammable materials and the presence of a false ceiling or false floor are unacceptable.
4. The combustion chamber must be provided with an air flow through a through, non-closed vent with a cross-section of at least 8 sq.cm. per 1 kW of boiler power.

Note: 8 cubic meters free - with a boiler power of up to 30 kW. For power from 31 to 60 kW – 13.5 cubic meters; for power from 61 to 200 kW 15 cubic meters. For boilers with a closed combustion chamber, the volume of the combustion chamber is not standardized, but the dimensions must still be observed.

For any boilers, including wall-mounted hot water boilers, the following general standards must also be met:

• The boiler exhaust must exit into a separate flue (often incorrectly called a chimney); use for this ventilation ducts unacceptable - life-threatening combustion products may reach neighbors or other rooms.
• The length of the horizontal part of the flue should not exceed 3 m within the combustion chamber and have no more than 3 rotation angles.
• The flue outlet must be vertical and raised above the ridge of the roof or the highest point of the gable on flat roof not less than 1 m.
• Since combustion products form chemically aggressive substances when cooling, the chimney must be made of heat- and chemically resistant solid materials. Use of layered materials, e.g. asbestos-cement pipes, permissible at a distance of at least 5 m from the edge of the boiler exhaust pipe.

When installing a wall-mounted hot water gas boiler in the kitchen, additional conditions must be met:

• The height of the boiler suspension along the edge of the lowest pipe is not lower than the top of the sink spout, but not less than 800 mm from the floor.
• The space under the boiler must be free.
• A durable fireproof metal sheet 1x1 m should be laid on the floor under the boiler. Gas workers and firefighters do not recognize the strength of asbestos cement - it wears out, and the SES prohibits having anything containing asbestos in the house.
• There should be no cavities in the room in which combustion products or an explosive gas mixture can accumulate.

If the boiler is used for heating, then the gas workers (who, by the way, are not very friendly with the heating network - it always owes them for gas) will also check the condition of the heating system in the apartment/house:

• The slope of horizontal sections of pipes must be positive, but not more than 5 mm per linear meter of water flow.
• An expansion tank and an air valve must be installed at the highest point of the system. It is useless to convince you that you will buy a “cool” boiler that has everything provided for: rules are rules.
• The condition of the heating system must allow it to be pressurized under a pressure of 1.8 atm.

The requirements, as we see, are strict, but justified - gas is gas. Therefore, it is better not to think about a gas boiler, even a water heating one, if:

• Do you live in a block Khrushchev or another apartment building without a main gas duct.
• If you have a false ceiling in your kitchen that you don’t want to remove, or a permanent mezzanine. On a mezzanine with a bottom made of wood or fiberboard, which in principle can be removed, and then there will be no mezzanine, gas workers turn a blind eye.
• If your apartment is not privatized, you can only rely on a hot water boiler: allocating a room for a furnace means redevelopment, which only the owner can do.

In all other cases, it is possible to install a hot water boiler in an apartment; wall heating is possible, but floor heating is very problematic.

In a private house, you can install any boiler: the rules do not require that the furnace be located directly in the house. If you make an extension to the house from the outside to serve as a furnace room, then the authorities will only have less reason to find fault. You can install a high-power floor-standing gas boiler in it to heat not only the mansion, but also the office premises.

For private middle class housing optimal solution– wall-mounted boiler; it does not require, as for a floor one, to install a brick or concrete tray with sides of half a meter. Installing a wall-mounted gas boiler in a private house also avoids technical and organizational difficulties: a fireproof closet under the furnace can always be fenced off, at least in the attic.

Power supply

The automation of heating boilers consumes little electricity, but according to the rules, the boiler still requires a separate wiring branch with a 20 A automatic circuit breaker, just like a boiler. For backup power supply, any computer UPS is well suited. A kilowatt will “keep” the automation for half a day or half a day. This is quite enough to take the necessary measures in case of an emergency.

About the gas duct

The cross-sectional area of ​​the house flue for it depends on the required boiler power (see below). At any power, the diameter of the flue must be at least 110 mm and not less than the diameter of the exhaust pipe. The dependence of the flue diameter on the boiler power is as follows:

• up to 24 kW – 120 mm.
• 30 kW – 130 mm.
• 40 kW – 170 mm.
• 60 kW – 190 mm
• 80 kW – 220 mm.
• 100 kW – 230 mm.

Boiler selection

Power

It is obvious that the boiler power must be sufficient. But it should not be excessive, especially if the heat exchanger is cast iron. Drops of condensate from the flue cause hot cast iron to crack. There is another dangerous effect: the dew point temperature of the exhaust gases is approximately 56 degrees Celsius. If the water temperature in the heating return is lower, acidic condensate may form in the combustion chamber. What does this have to do with excess power? A boiler that is too powerful will quickly warm up the system and go into standby mode until it cools down. The thermal inertia of a powerful heat exchanger is high, and while it warms up again, acid dew may form.

With correctly selected boiler power, the temperature in the combustion chamber will be 80-90 degrees. The permissible difference in power is quite large, but if you install a 60 kW boiler in a medium-sized private house, then acid rain from the inside will quickly damage it.

The required boiler power for a specific room is determined thermotechnical calculation. It’s easier for residents of high-rise buildings: the data is available in the DEZ, the technical inventory bureau or the owner. In any case, you can use approximate data by calculating an intermediate value for yourself. Values maximum power are given for cases of minimum outside temperature at -25/-40 degrees:

1. One-room apartment on the middle floors – 8/14 kW.
2. Corner apartment 60 sq.m. total area on the top floor of the Khrushchev block is 20/28 kW.
3. Private house 100 sq.m. common – 24/38 kW.

Boiler

The purpose of the boiler is to accumulate hot water for domestic needs. If you look at the instructions for the boiler, the power will be indicated there as a fraction, for example - 10/22 kW. The first number is the heating power for average conditions; it determines gas consumption by 80%. The second power, maximum, is for quickly heating domestic water.

If the boiler is emptied, the boiler temporarily stops heating the heating (it does not have time to cool down) and heats domestic water at maximum. Gas consumption is, of course, maximum. If you take a little water from the boiler, then it will be heated in operating mode, without force majeure. Based on this, the capabilities of the boiler can be judged by its capacity:

• 2-10 l – wash hands and wash dishes.
• 30-50 l – take a quick shower.
• 100 l – wash thoroughly in the shower.
• 150 liters or more - you can take a bath and connect a washing machine to the hot water supply.

Note: If you already have one, it is advisable to leave it by turning off its machine. It will make a good hot water accumulator, and if there are problems with gas boiler can be turned on.

Video: expert opinion on choosing gas boilers

Documents for the boiler

Let's say you have equipped the furnace room in compliance with all requirements. Are we buying a boiler? It is too early. First of all, check if the previous gas papers have been lost, and bring them out into the light of day:

1. Gas supply contract if the boiler is a heating boiler. Subconsumers can only install hot water boilers.
2. All documents for the gas meter. Any boiler cannot be installed without a meter. If it doesn’t exist yet, there’s nothing you can do, you need to install it and arrange it, but that’s a different topic.

Now you can buy a boiler. But, having bought it, it’s too early to install:

• The BTI needs to make changes to the registration certificate of the house. For privatized apartments - through the organization operating the house. In the new plan, a closet under the boiler should be shown, and clearly marked: “Furnace room” or “Boiler room”.
• Submit an application to the gas service for the project and specifications. The required documents also include a technical passport for the boiler, so it must already be purchased.
• Install the boiler (see next section), except gas system. This can be done while the gas workers are preparing the project, if the premises are approved.
• Call a specialist to make a gas connection.
• Submit an application to gas workers for commissioning.
• Wait for the gas service engineer to arrive, he will check everything, draw up a conclusion on suitability and give permission to open the gas shut-off valve to the boiler.

Note: Gas workers are not supposed to give permission to private individuals to work on gas equipment. Therefore, to connect gas to the boiler, you will have to call a specialist or then “resolve the issue” with an inspector during commissioning. As a rule, the former is cheaper.

Boiler installation

It is unacceptable for the boiler body to be adjacent to any of the walls, so redo the fastenings of wall-mounted boilers, recess the boiler into a niche, etc. it is forbidden. After installing the boiler in place, its piping is done - connecting three systems: gas, hydraulic and electric. The gas connection should be done, as indicated, by a gas specialist, and last of all, when everything else is already connected.

You can do the electrical and hydraulic connections yourself. The main guiding document here is the instructions for the boiler. Typical scheme The boiler hydraulic system is shown in the figure. For any boiler, the following conditions must be strictly met:

1. Water and hot gases in the boiler heat exchanger must flow countercurrently, otherwise it can simply explode with any automation. Therefore, it is extremely important not to confuse, either through negligence or for the sake of ease of installation, cold and hot pipes. After hydropiping, carefully inspect the entire system again, then rest for an hour and inspect it again.
2. If antifreeze has been poured into the heating system, drain it completely and rinse the system twice with clean water. An admixture of antifreeze in the water entering the heat exchanger is also explosive.
3. Don’t neglect the “mud collectors” – filters rough cleaning water. They should be located at the lowest points of the system. The accumulation of dirt between the thin fins of the heat exchanger also creates a dangerous situation, not to mention excessive gas consumption. At the beginning and end of the heating season, drain the sediment through the mud traps, check their condition and, if necessary, flush the system.
4. If the boiler has a built-in expansion tank and a deaeration system, remove the old expansion tank and turn off the old air valve tightly, having first checked its condition: air leakage will also create a dangerous situation.

Video: example of installing a wall-mounted gas boiler

Bottom line

Installation of a gas boiler is technically and organizationally complex. You can independently install only the simplest hot water boilers or expensive, fully automated home boiler rooms. But connecting the boiler to the gas supply system (gas pipework) must still be carried out by a gas service specialist or a certified installation organization. Otherwise, it is prohibited by the rules for the installation and operation of household gas appliances.

It is well known that natural gas is the most economical source of energy for heating a home. Therefore, the desire of owners of country houses to connect to gas seems completely natural. However, we must not forget that gas is the riskiest type of fuel in terms of explosion and fire safety. That is why the installation of a gas boiler in a house is carried out taking into account numerous rules and regulations that are imposed by supervisory authorities.

First of all, we note that the standards for the installation of gas boilers in a residential building are determined by several documents. The main ones are two sections of Construction Norms and Rules (SNIP) - II-35-76 and 42-02-2002. They contain requirements for the room in which the gas boiler is supposed to be used, as well as for the place where the gas line is inserted into it. Owners may need gas heating different types real estate:

According to current legislation self installation gas equipment prohibited. Installation, configuration and connection of heating boilers can only be carried out by authorized organizations that have the necessary certificates and licenses.

In what rooms is installation allowed?

You cannot choose the installation location of the gas boiler in the house yourself. It is approved during the approval of the heating system project along with the type of boiler, communications layout and location of the gas pipe entry point into the room. Permission to connect a boiler may not be obtained for all types of premises. Let's look at the main options in more detail.

Bathroom

The most controversial place for a gas boiler is the bathroom. Many owners of apartments and houses want to place a heating unit there due to lack of space in other rooms. However, gas workers almost always refuse such requests. Let's try to figure out why:

• SNIP 2-04-87 contains an explicit ban on installing a boiler in the bathroom. However, this section was declared obsolete in 2002 and replaced by SNIP 42-01-2002, which no longer contains such a norm. However, gas companies take advantage of this uncertainty and refer to earlier requirements;
• One of the requirements for the boiler room is the presence of a window facing the street. Most bathrooms don't have it, so they don't meet this particular parameter. However, theoretically, this drawback can be circumvented;
• The same applies to the width of the door - it must be at least 80 cm;
• Another limitation that may prevent coordination of installation in the bathroom is the availability high humidity and dampness. Indeed, the electronics that a modern gas boiler is literally crammed with can theoretically fail. But, on the other hand, the body of any boiler is absolutely sealed, and control boards are often specially treated with special protective films in order to protect them from moisture. So this is also not a 100% reason to refuse installation, especially since there are no explicit restrictions on humidity in any of the regulatory documents.

However, practice shows that almost no one can obtain permission to install boilers in the bathroom. The only one possible variant– if you are changing the old one geyser and carry out this like reconstructing the heating in a house.

Living spaces

Everything is much simpler here. SNIP 2.04.08-87 clearly allows the installation of boilers and water heaters only in kitchens and non-residential premises that meet certain requirements. We will present these requirements a little later, but for now we will simply note that it will not be possible to install a gas boiler, for example, in a bedroom or living room - gas specialists will never approve such a project.

Other premises

In the vast majority of cases, installing a heating system in a house or apartment requires the installation of a gas boiler with a capacity of up to 60 kW. Such a boiler can be placed in the kitchen or in any other place - there is only one requirement for the room - it must be non-residential and impenetrable.

For boilers of higher power, more serious restrictions are put forward:

• Up to 150 kW – a separate room on the floor, including the basement;
• Up to 300 kW - a separate room on the ground, ground or basement floor, as well as in an extension to the house.

The following table shows the design requirements for installing boilers of various capacities.

If you install a gas boiler in a room whose walls and floor are made of flammable materials, they must be protected using a separate fireproof structure with a thickness of at least 3 mm.

In a private house, a metal sheet laid over a layer of asbestos is perfect.

Stages prior to boiler installation

In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, any change in the heating system refers to the redevelopment of the premises, which must be agreed with representatives of local authorities.

The project will necessarily reflect all the requirements for installing boilers, which we presented in this article. Therefore, if your system is installed in full accordance with the project, handing it over to gas workers will not be difficult. Let us remind you once again that the installation of gas equipment should only be carried out by authorized specialists.

Natural gas remains the most affordable type of heat supply. The installation of gas boilers is complicated by compliance, during operation, with the relevant fire safety standards. To ensure that the user does not have problems when accepting the equipment by gas and fire services, the heater should be installed in accordance with the standards regulated by SNiP 31-02-2001 - for private household premises, SNiP 2.08.01 - for high-rise buildings.

Regulatory requirements for the installation of gas heating boilers

If the manufacturer has not indicated the installation rules and technology in the passport, then the installation of gas heating boilers is carried out on the basis of the standards regulated by SNiP 42-101-2003 in paragraph 6.23, which states that:

1. The boiler can be installed on walls lined with fireproof coating. The gap between the wall and the heater should be 2 cm.
2. Asbestos sheets 3 mm thick are allowed to be used as a fireproof material. The asbestos layer should be covered with sheet steel on top.
3. Plaster applied to the wall with a thickness of 3 cm can also act as protection. Then the gap between the boiler and the wall must be increased by 0.5 cm, that is, it should be equal to 3 cm.
4. The area of ​​fireproof material on the wall must exceed the size of the heater. The distance from the stake should be 10 cm on all sides except the top, in this part the area should be 70 cm.
5. Since asbestos is recognized as unsafe for health, it is allowed to replace it with another. A good alternative is a thick sheet of cardboard and mineral wool. Ceramic facing tiles can be a fireproof material - the adhesive layer and ceramics fully comply with fire safety requirements.

The gas structure must be installed in accordance with clearly established rules regarding the side walls. If the side wall turns out to be non-combustible, then the gap between it and the boiler should be 10 cm. From combustible surfaces - 25 cm. It is not necessary to construct additional protection.

If gas boilers are installed on the floor (floor gas heaters), then flooring should also be covered with non-combustible material. A special fireproof podium is constructed on wooden coverings with fire resistance parameters corresponding to the maximum limit of 45 minutes. This can be building bricks or thick ceramic floor tiles. It should be laid on top of an asbestos layer, which is laid on steel sheets. The size of the non-combustible pedestal is at least 10 cm larger than the boiler parameters.

What parameters must correspond to the room where the boiler is installed?

Before installing a gas boiler, you need to select and prepare a room for it. According to the regulations, it must be ventilated and located:

• on the ground floor, if the house has two or three floors;
• in the basement or basement of the house;
• in the attic, if the installation site is equipped, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP: with a thick cardboard sheet and a layer of mineral wool;
• gas heater with a power of 35 kW, in accordance with the instructions of MDS 41.2-2000, which states that boilers with a power of 30-60 kW are allowed to be installed in kitchen areas.

Regarding the installation of installations in the kitchen of a private household, there are two regulatory frameworks. One allows the installation of heaters up to 35 kW of power. Another gives the go-ahead to install boilers up to 60 kW. These instructions refer only to boilers; any other gas appliances: heaters and stoves are not taken into account.

If a water heater and a boiler are installed at once, then the power of both devices is summed up:

1. If the amount is less than 150 kW, then such equipment can be installed on any floor, in any room. This list includes both the basement and the basement.
2. If the amount exceeds 150 kW, then, in accordance with the regulatory framework, such gas equipment can only be installed in specially organized boiler rooms. They can be arranged in ground floors, basements, as well as in boiler rooms specially attached to the house.

Requirements for kitchen rooms where installation of gas installations is planned:

• the volume of the room proposed for installation must be no less than 15 cubic meters plus one cubic meter for each kilowatt of power;
• mandatory ventilation;
• height ceiling surfaces must be 2.5 m or more;
• the room must be equipped with a window with a window;
• the front door should have a ventilation hole measuring 0.025 m2.

Requirements for boiler rooms:

1. ceiling height – 2.5 and above;
2. area volume – minimum 15 m3;
3. the walls to adjacent rooms have a fire spread limit of 0, a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours (this is 45 minutes);
4. exhaust for outflow - 3-fold exchange, for inflow (inflow) - the same volume of air plus combustion air;
5. presence of cold water supply;
6. the presence of a window with a glass area of ​​at least 0.03 m2 for each cubic meter volume;
7. electrical outlets must be grounded;
8. free access to the chimney and gas installation from all sides;
9. the presence of access to the street with a doorway width of 80 cm;
10. distance from entrance doors for installation - 1 m, it is better if it is larger (1.30-1.50).

It is important to remember that when calculating a window, it is the area of ​​glass that is counted, and not the dimensions of the window.

Where to do and approve the project

To install gas equipment in an apartment or private house, it is not enough to know and understand the standards put forward by SNiP. Before installation, you must obtain permission (technical design) from the gas supply service. And for this, the home owner submits a request (application) at the place of residence to the gas supply service, where he clearly states the expected amount of gas (consumption) for heating and other needs.

The fuel (natural gas) consumption parameter can be calculated based on the basic SNiP standards, which indicate the average gas use per day:

• gas stove – 0.5 m3;
• column – 0.5 m3;
• (with water heating function) – 7-12 m3. You can read about the advantages and features of a double-circuit gas boiler.

After submitting an application, local organizations that control the installation of gas equipment and gas supply will consider the request within a week or a month, depending on workload. If the decision is positive, the user is given a technical project with conditions that he must implement and fulfill. This paper is considered the official permission to conduct installation work.

The project is compiled on the basis of technical conditions, which include:

1. diagram of the installation of utilities indicated in the form of a drawing;
2. gas pipeline location;
3. proposed location gas pipes consumer to the connection point (private household).

The development of the project is carried out by design engineers who have permission to carry out this work and all the necessary approvals. They should be trusted with this part of the work.

Attached to the technical plan:

• technical passport for a gas boiler;
• certificates of quality and compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements;
• instruction manual;
• examination data on equipment testing.

This list of documents is provided by the seller, and they are drawn up by boiler equipment manufacturers. In case of refusal, the user receives a reasoned explanation of the reasons that need to be eliminated. Only then will it be possible to re-apply for approval. If the project is approved, then the user can, from the moment he receives the document in hand, begin installing the heating heater.

Is it possible to install the boiler yourself?

Considering all the dangers that gas equipment poses in case of violation of installation technology, the answer to this question is obvious - it is impossible.

Before installing a gas boiler, you must obtain technical specifications. Otherwise, installation will be considered illegal and fraught with penalties. In addition, independent installation is very dangerous, especially if it is carried out in a high-rise building. There are many sad examples of this, and gas services are carefully monitoring this.

Important: boiler installation, connection and commissioning must be carried out by specialized specialists with the appropriate permits, experience, knowledge and license (if this is not done by gas workers, but by companies specializing in boiler installation).

The user has the right to do whatever he wants with any of the other types of fuel, just not with natural gas.

You can install it yourself, provided that the user has an understanding of this equipment and the nuances of installation, and strictly complies with the requirements regulated by SNiP. But the first start-up of the unit, insertion into the gas main and adjustment of the equipment must be carried out by specialized gas services.

How to install ventilation and chimney

The system for removing gas combustion products and ventilation is installed in strict compliance with safety regulations and installation work. Otherwise, it may lead to equipment failure, even explosive situations. Ventilation and chimney channels must be separated - this is the main requirement for installation.

The main parameters of natural ventilation are:

1. To access the room with fresh air flow, you need to organize supply ventilation. To do this, you should make an entrance window in the wall below, measuring 1/30 of the total area of ​​the room where the equipment is installed.
2. Ventilation ducts must be kept constantly open to allow air flow to circulate.
3. Install the heater closer to the chimney pipe.
4. The exhaust opening must correspond to the cross-section of the heater inlet pipes.
5. As for turns and bends, their number should not exceed 3 pieces.
6. The material used to make the chimney tube is carbon dioxide sheet steel or stainless steel.

A chimney passing through a wall must be equipped with two channels:

• main, for installing a chimney;
• revision for technological cleaning, it is located below the main one at a distance of 25 cm.

To ensure safe operation, must be created favorable conditions to support traction. And to do this, you need to correctly calculate the total height of the chimney, its location, so that the head cannot get into the wind pressure zone. You can find out how to properly install a chimney on a gas boiler from the equipment passport. The manufacturer must provide it to the buyer along with the product.

For the installation of a chimney pipe, in the absence of installation instructions, there are standards regulated by SNiP:

1. Above flat roof without a ridge, the chimney pipe must be raised 500 mm above the level of the roof or parapet, if there is one around the perimeter.
2. If the pipe is mounted through a slope, then the distance from the ridge should be 1500 mm, the head of the chimney rises 500 mm from the level of the ridge.
3. If the chimney exits through a pitched roof, then the distance relative to the horizontal should be 1500-3000 from the level of the ridge, the head will rise to a height no less than the top of the ridge.
4. If the chimney pipe passes through a pitched roof with a distance from the ridge of more than 3000 mm, then the outlet should be made on a conditionally drawn line from its top at an angle of 10 degrees.

Installation instructions for gas boilers

Wall-mounted gas heaters with low power are allowed to be installed in kitchen areas if they comply with the regulations. They already have a gas line from which the stove runs, and there is running water; in addition, most kitchens are tiled ceramic tiles, which meets fire safety requirements. A little more problems with installation of a floor heater.

Installing the boiler on the wall:

• The wall is lined with non-flammable material, if necessary, fasteners are installed with a gap of 4.5 cm from the surface of the walls to the boiler.
• The heater is prepared for installation with strong water pressure; you need to clean the inlet tubes that may remain after assembly.
• Filters are installed on the water supply pipe and shut-off valves– before and after the filter.
• The chimney is being installed.
• The draft is checked; if it deteriorates, the boiler automation will stop supplying fuel.
• An insertion into the gas supply line is made using a special pipe and a steel pipe.
• After the insertion, the boiler is connected to the power supply; it is advisable to connect it to, which protects it from possible overloads and network interruptions.

Installation of floor-standing gas boilers:

1. Before installation, you need to build a durable, non-flammable pedestal.
2. Place the boiler on the podium, making sure that it stands level. You can use a building level for these purposes.
3. The installation is connected to the chimney pipe and the presence of draft is checked.
4. Connect the heater to heating system Houses.
5. The double-circuit type of boiler is connected to the water supply.
6. The heater is inserted into the gas supply pipe.

Finally

Before connecting a gas boiler, you need to check for a gas leak; if everything was done correctly, there will be none. It is recommended to entrust the installation to specialized specialists or gas workers. You should never install such equipment yourself unless you have the proper experience and knowledge.

Accurate installation, adjustment of equipment, ventilation and chimney is the key to ensuring that the installation will operate smoothly and correctly, and the boiler will last for many years.

The rules for installing gas boilers in the Russian Federation are strictly regulated. As, indeed, in other countries. No wonder, because negligence is unacceptable; gas equipment is potentially explosive and fire hazardous. Installation of gas boilers must be carried out with the participation of specialists.

Rules and regulations

The installation of a boiler in a private house must be carried out in strict accordance with the following regulatory documents:

• SNiP "Residential buildings".
• SNiP “Gas supply” 2.04.08-87.
• SNiP “Heating, ventilation, air conditioning” 2.04.05-91.

Modern gas boiler room - clean and tidy room

Dimensions and layout of the room

Installation of a gas boiler is possible in a separate furnace on the ground or first floor, in the kitchen. It is not allowed to enter the furnace room from living rooms. The premises must satisfy following conditions:

• The volume of the combustion chamber must be at least 7.5 m 3 in existing houses and over 15 m 3 in new ones. Recently, cascade systems with two or more boilers are increasingly being used in private homes. For each subsequent heating unit, the volume is prescribed to be increased by 6 m 3.
• The floor area for one boiler is at least 4 m2.
• Ceiling height from 2 meters and above.
• Minimum width doors to the furnace room or kitchen - 80 cm. Accordingly, the construction opening is no narrower than 90 cm. There must be a gap of at least 2.5 cm between the floor and the door ceiling.
• In the room where it is planned to install the heating boiler there should be an opening window facing the street. Glazing area excluding frame - 0.3 m2 per square meter floor area, minimum 0.8 m2.

The furnace room of a private house can be located in non-residential premises basement or first floor, in the kitchen

Required utilities

Proper installation of gas boilers is possible if the necessary communications are available in the boiler room. This is not counting the gas supply pipe with a tap and meter:

• Power supply for boiler automation and pumps(if the heating unit is not energy-independent). For these purposes, a separate cable with a cross-section of at least 3 x 1.5 mm should be installed from the meter, protecting the line circuit breaker. Processing units of imported boilers are not designed for the unstable characteristics of domestic energy networks. Therefore, you need to connect the boiler through a stabilizer. Many equipment suppliers require the presence of a stabilizer prerequisite providing a guarantee. The equipment must be grounded, the ground loop must comply with regulatory requirements. Electric outlet should not be located closer than 10 cm from gas equipment. The lamp shades are closed.
• Cold water for feeding and filling the system.
• Sewerage. It is often forgotten, this is wrong. Condensing boilers precipitate water vapor during operation, and condensate is formed in quite large quantities: in the season, up to a liter of water per kilowatt of boiler power per day. It is discharged into a general sewer or a separate receiver. There are claims that this liquid is an acidic solution and should not be put into plastic containers. sewer pipes and bioseptics. This statement is true only for heating boilers using liquid fuel; the acid content in the condensate during gas combustion is negligible. It is recommended to install a drain in the floor of the boiler room: when the safety group is activated, quite a lot of water can enter the room. a large number of coolant.

Air flow and ventilation

The furnace room and kitchen must have working natural ventilation. The hole is located 25 cm from the ceiling, the diameter of the ventilation shaft is 10 cm or more.

During operation of the boiler, large amounts of oxygen are required for fuel combustion. Accordingly, it is necessary to ensure an air flow in the room, otherwise the boiler will not develop the required power, or the flame may go out altogether. Air can be taken directly from the street, or from the corridor or non-residential adjacent premises. To ensure inflow from the street to external wall make a hole, it can be covered with a grill, the standard one is most convenient adjustable valve VTK.

If air comes from the house, the inflow is made in the door or partition. Its area is from 20 cm 2. If gas heating boilers are installed in a turbocharged version (air is supplied and gases are removed using a fan), you can use a coaxial (double) pipe instead of the usual chimney with its outlet to the street through the wall. It simultaneously carries out inflow and outflow. In that inlet openings are not needed, it is enough to provide only natural ventilation in the furnace room.

If a cascade is installed, each boiler must have its own chimney

Chimney

The design of the chimney directly depends on the type of boiler. As we have already noted, turbocharged boilers do not need chimneys at all; one coaxial or two separate pipes of small diameter are sufficient. Fire requirements for heating units of this type (especially condensing units) are low; the temperature of the exhaust gases in them is not much higher than room temperature. For some types of boilers, the pipes may generally be plastic.

The temperature of the exhaust gases of boilers with a conventional atmospheric burner is quite high; fire safety requirements must be taken into account here. According to current standards, constructing a conventional brick chimney made of ceramic bricks is not enough. At a minimum, there should be a fire-resistant and chemical-resistant liner pipe inside it. High alloy steel, ceramic or asbestos cement pipe.

A rational option is to install the chimney of a gas boiler with an insulated design. It could be a sandwich pipe made of of stainless steel, thermally insulated double ceramic, ceramic-concrete or ceramic-steel pipe. Enameled steel is also used. Insulated chimneys are not cheap, however, taking into account the fact that there is no need to build a brick pipe and a foundation for it, they are economically justified.

The height of the chimney head above the roof depends on the distance from the ridge and should not be less than indicated in the diagram

The diameter of the chimney should not be less than that indicated in the equipment passport. An approximately 25 kW boiler will require a chimney with an internal diameter of 125 mm; 30 kW - 150 mm; 40 kW - 170 mm. The height of the chimney from the entry point to the exit point is at least 5 meters. The head should be half a meter or more higher than the ridge. If the distance from the pipe to the ridge is more than one and a half meters, this value is calculated. The correspondence of the chimney diameter cannot be neglected. If it is less than required, the fuel will not burn completely. As a result, carbon monoxide will be formed, the boiler power will decrease, and gas consumption will increase.

The installation standards for gas boilers require cleaning in the lower section of the chimney. For metal pipes Below the cleaning there is also a tube for draining condensate. A glass of liquid can drip from the chimney of a boiler with an atmospheric burner in a day or two.

If two or more heating units are installed in the furnace room, each boiler must have a separate chimney.

Video on installing a gas boiler in a private house

The boiler should be located as close to the chimney as possible. It is allowed to install a horizontal (slope of 2° or more) pipe from the boiler to the entrance to the chimney up to 2 meters long, but the smaller this section, the better the draft. Regarding the distance from the walls, the requirements for the installation of gas boilers depend on their type of finish (degree of flammability).

Installation of a wall-mounted gas boiler on a partition or wall made of combustible materials is prohibited. Accordingly, installing a wall-mounted gas boiler as heating equipment on a wooden wall without additional measures is impossible. The boiler is not hung on a fireproof wall or partition, not closer than 2 cm. You also need to move at least 2 cm away from the side wall, but more is better. As a rule, this distance is ensured by the mounting system of the boiler itself. It is allowed to install equipment on structures made of combustible materials, protected by plaster, ceramic tiles, metal sheet in combination with asbestos. The protection should protrude to the sides and downwards beyond the dimensions of the heating installation by 10 cm or more and 70 cm upwards.

Wooden walls must be protected. Behind the sheet of metal there must be asbestos with a thickness of at least 3 mm

Installation of a floor-standing gas boiler is carried out maintaining the same distances from the walls; the floor must be made of non-combustible materials. Wooden floors should be protected with steel over asbestos sheets with a thickness of 3 mm. Distance from front panel heating device to the wall opposite - at least a meter. The values ​​prescribed by the standards must be supplemented by the parameters specified in the instructions for the boiler. For example, the installation of wall-mounted gas boilers is often regulated by manufacturers at 30-50, which is much higher than the minimum requirements.

Connecting the gas supply, test run and setting up complex automation must be carried out by a specialist with the appropriate approval

Installation of heating equipment requires special care, accuracy, and compliance with regulations. Do-it-yourself installation is possible, but only in the part that does not touch the gas. The connection and inspection of the gas supply must be carried out by a licensed specialist who will sign one of the many documents required to approve the gasification of the house.