Target: Prepare a 10% bleach solution

Indications: To destroy pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment of wards and functional premises departments of health care facilities.

Contraindications: Allergic reaction to chlorine-containing drugs.

1. Surgical gown (length no higher than the middle third of the lower leg).

Literature suggests that routine use of disinfectants may cause allergic reactions as a trigger. Skin irritation and allergies are among the most common conditions among workers exposed to glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and glyoxal. Triclosan is also known as a “trigger” for contact allergies. Many disinfectants contain quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolic compounds and sodium hypochlorite, which can irritate the skin and cause asthma attacks.

2. An apron made of rubberized fabric or disposable.

3. Respirator RPG-67 or RU-60 (or 8-layer mask).

4. Safety glasses type PO-2, PO-3..

5. Hat.

6. Rubber gloves.

7. Rubber boots or shoe covers on top of regular shoes.

8. Medical kit.

Equipment:

1. Scales or measuring container for a set of disinfectants. funds.

Almost all surface-active disinfection pollutes the environment. Biocides penetrate soils, waterways and seas and can have a significant impact on the environment until they break down. Triclosan remains in the external environment for a long time. Chlorophenol is also known to be a source of dioxin, and chlorine from cleaning products accumulates in wastewater as absorbed organohalogenates.

The remaining concentrated disinfectants are either removed or discharged into the sewer, but after large dilution with water, large quantities of these products can damage the bacterial microflora, which is part of biotechnology on wastewater treatment plants. A negative effect may be that chlorine reacts with hydrocarbons in water, and the resulting mixtures are carcinogenic.

2. Measuring container for water.

3. Dry bleach 1 kg.

4. Enameled container with a lid.

5. A dark glass bottle with a ground stopper (with markings)

6. Wooden spatula.

7. Cold water -10 liters.

8. Gauze napkin or sieve.

9. Logbook for recording the consumption of disinfectants.

10. Journal of preparation of the mother liquor.

Biodegradability is guaranteed for approximately 90% of disinfectants. Loads are phosphates, which are components in the production of surfactants added to some disinfectants. Packaging after disinfectants is removed according to the type of material. Glass containers are washed with water and transferred as raw materials to appropriate collection points for recycling. Polyethylene envelopes are also recommended to be collected for recycling, otherwise they end up in landfills or waste incinerators and their subsequent disposal. negative impact on the environment and human health.

11. Folder with the result of chemical control of the dry preparation and disinfectant. solutions for active chlorine content.

12. Instructions for preparing des. ditch

13. Soap for washing hands and face.

14. Silicone cream for rubbing into the skin of your hands after washing.

15. Express scale for determining the concentration of chlorine-containing disinfectants.

Liquid water-borne product intended for professional disinfection and hygienic sanitation of surfaces, premises and technological equipment in animal husbandry and disinfection Vehicle for animals and raw materials. The product has long-term antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. The existence of resistant embryos has not yet been reported. Thanks to its unique properties, it has a strong biocidal effect against viruses, bacteria and fungi, while remaining completely safe for people, animals and plants.

16. Stencil marking “Do not enter! The disinfection is being prepared. solutions!

17. First aid kit to assist medical personnel in case of poisoning (the set depends on the disinfectants used).

3. Check for yourself (call a laboratory assistant) the activity of chlorine and the correctness of its storage.

6. Take 1 kilogram of dry bleach.

At recommended concentrations, it can be used in breeding operations even in the presence of animals. Disinfected materials do not damage, change color or corrode. Its properties do not require special conditions handling and storage. Disinfection of livestock complexes Disinfection of technological equipment Disinfection of vehicles intended for transporting animals Disinfection of incubators Continuous disinfection, focal and final disinfection. Thanks to its fast and effective sterilization of stable microclimates, it actively and safely helps fight bacterial and viral causes of many diseases, including dangerous infections.

7. Pour it carefully into an enamel container and chop it with a wooden spatula.

8. Fill with a small amount of water at room temperature.

9. Stir everything with a wooden spatula until it becomes mushy so that there are no lumps.

10. Carefully pour in cold water up to the 10 liter mark.

11. Close the container tightly.

Through its actions, it can completely replace the use of harmful chemicals in hatchery sanitation programs. It represents the possibility of long-term antimicrobial protection and increased guarantee of good health of hatched juvenile birds.

Before using disinfection, it is recommended to carry out mechanical cleaning and washing of the premises. The period of time required for biocidal action. After use, a minimum disinfection time of 15 minutes is recommended. Treated surfaces do not need to be washed, and water temperature does not affect effectiveness. Possible direct and indirect side effects are unknown.

12. Attach a tag to the container indicating the date, time of preparation and the name of the person who prepared it, his position.

13. Leave for 24 hours in a dark place (during this time, stir several times) to release active chlorine, you will get a “master solution of 10% bleach.”

14. Remove protective clothing.

Low environmental burden disinfection: 1% solution in the presence of animals: 2% preventative continuous disinfection: 3% disinfectant for disinfection and final disinfection: 5% solution in diluted water color: 5% solution. It is safe to use disinfectants. Be sure to read the packaging and related product information before use. Prepare the product according to the instructions in the manual. Do not mix with other disinfectants.

The manufacturer is not responsible for damage caused by improper use. In case of contact with eyes, rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and obtain medical attention. In case of inhalation, bring the victim to fresh air and immediately remove contaminated clothing in contact with skin. Damaged skin areas should be washed warm water and soap if possible. If swallowed, move the victim to a quiet room and have him drink several glasses of water with 10 charcoal tablets.

15. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

16. Lock the room.

17. After 24 hours, pour the resulting solution through 4 layers of bandage (gauze) into a dark glass bottle labeled “10% bleach solution.” (Work in overalls!)

18. Cap the bottle.

It is recommended to seek medical help. No special precautions are required. Store out of the reach of children in original closed containers. Store separately from food, drinks and feed. Do not expose the product to direct sunlight. Use within 24 months from the date on the package.

Antiseptics are used to disinfect the skin or mucous membranes of humans. These substances must be well tolerated, non-toxic to the entire body, wide range and highly efficient. In pharmacies you can find a relatively diverse range of antiseptics. However, some antiseptics are not suitable for all patients.

19. Put on the label the date the solution was prepared, indicate its concentration, sell-by date, your position and last name.

20. Dispose of the sediment into the sewer.

21. Remove protective clothing.

22. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

23. Lock the room.

Before purchasing and subsequently using these products, it is important to clarify their intended use. Your choice: antiseptics in aerosol, ointment, hydrogen peroxide. The spray form is definitely appreciated by everyone for ease of use. When choosing the right antiseptic, most customers ask first if they don't bite the product. This property is a product containing the active substance benzalkonium chloride. Minor injuries are also well disinfected by benzodedecine or carbenopendeine sprays - Septonex.

Assessment of achieved results:

A 10% bleach solution (clarified) has been prepared.

Note:

1. The 10% solution can be stored for 7-10 days in a dark place.

2. The solution must be stored out of reach of the patient.

Preparation of working solutions of bleach:

0.5% - 500 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.5 liters of water;

However, iodine contained in sprays or ointments may cause allergic reactions, so iodine should not be used in any way by patients allergic to iodine. It is not recommended to use iodine preparations even in patients with increased thyroid function and children under 6 months of age.

The disinfectant stem is hydrogen peroxide, which is produced both in the spray and in the solution. Small cuts or abrasions can be disinfected well, or even sores from wounds. The problem with hydrogen peroxide, however, is durability. It is stored in dark bottles because if hydrogen peroxide is exposed to sunlight, it spontaneously begins to decompose into water and oxygen. Such a drug would be ineffective as a disinfectant.

1% - 1 liter of 10% bleach solution per 9 liters of water;

2% - 2 liters of 10% bleach solution per 8 liters of water;

Preparation of a 1% chloramine solution

Target: Prepare a 1% chloramine solution.

Indications: For disinfection: - hands;

Care items;

Dishes, sinks, etc.;

Tables, bedside tables, window sills, etc.;

Do I need to store something and fit into each pocket?

The iodine pen is a glass ampoule protected by a plastic casing less than ten centimeters in size. So it's no problem to take it with you. As the name suggests, it contains iodine and therefore its use is the same as spray and ointment containing iodine.

Your choice: hand sanitizer gel. Disinfectant gels come in larger sized bottles or small bottles of 50 ml or less. If necessary, they will also carry out checks at the airport. A small amount of the drug is applied to the hands, tilted and allowed to dry freely. These products destroy the most common bacteria, fungi and viruses. However, the skin may dry out slightly.

Contraindications: Allergic reaction to chlorine-containing drugs

Nurse safety in the workplace:

1. Overalls.

2. Medical kit.

Remember! Persons at least 18 years of age are allowed to work with chlorine-containing preparations.

Equipment:

1. A 10 g sample of dry chloramine powder.

Do I need to disinfect large areas of skin?

Your choice: hypermangans, iodine solutions. Hypermangan is available in pharmacies as an intentional powder. Used for disinfection baths. If you are preparing the hypermanganese solution yourself at home, it is important to dissolve only a few granules of hypermanganese powder. The resulting solution should have a slightly pink color. If you exceed the concentration of hypermanganate in the solution, it may cause skin burns.

The correct concentration depends on how it is used. Typically, solutions are 1%, 5% or 10%. More concentrated iodine solutions are used in hospital environments. Your choice: drops or ointment with Septonex, boric acid solution and benzodadecine.

2. Water container marked up to 1 liter.

3. Container for disinfection. solution.

4. Wooden spatula.

Sequence of actions of m/s with ensuring safety environment:

1. Put on a second (surgical) gown, a rubber apron, a respirator or an eight-layer mask, goggles, shoe covers, and rubber gloves.

2. Check for proper operation supply and exhaust ventilation and alarm, turn on the ventilation.

Drops containing Septonex can be applied one drop up to 5 times a day to the affected eye. Once opened, the drops should be consumed within a month. If symptoms of inflammation do not disappear within a few days, it is recommended that you do not continue with your doctor and consult a doctor. The cloth can be applied three times a day, but you may see it blurred for a while. The first centimeter of ointment is extruded and discarded before first use.

In addition to the solution, the solution is filled with the solution, the solution is applied to the eye, and eye movements are performed with the eye - from 2 to 5 minutes, up to 5 times a day. Your choice: tea tree oil, sage. Tea tree oil is mainly used in traditional oriental medicine for disinfection and treatment of various inflammatory conditions due to its antibacterial properties. Apply a few drops directly to the affected site.

3. Check for yourself (call a laboratory assistant) the activity of chlorine and correct storage.

4. Hang a stencil on the outside of the door - the marking “Do not enter! The disinfection is being prepared. solutions!”, indicate the time when preparation started.

5. Conveniently arrange the equipment you need, check the markings.

6. Pour a small amount of water into the container (preferably warm - for better dissolution of the powder).

Sage is ideal for disinfecting the oral cavity. It is available over the counter as saliva or an alcoholic tincture. You can make your infusion from home just by pouring hot water. The alcoholic tincture must be diluted - half a teaspoon in 150 ml of warm water before use. Sage and medications should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Your choice: alcohol disinfection, iodine disinfection. Even before removing teak, it is recommended to discard it by disinfecting it with alcohol and then remove it using special pliers to remove the ticks. Liquid disinfection is a multifunctional 60% alcohol used, for example, to disinfect newborn puppies. Before injection, it is also suitable for alcohol-soaked dishwashers, intended for one-time use.

7. Place a sample of dry chloramine powder (10g) in a container with water.

8. Add water to the 1l mark.

9. Stir the solution with a wooden spatula.

10. Close the container tightly.

11. Attach a tag to the container indicating the date, time of preparation and the name of the person who prepared it, his position.

12. Remove protective clothing.

13. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

14. Lock the room.

Evaluation of achieved results

A 1% chloramine solution was prepared.

Note:

The chloramine solution is prepared immediately before use.

The solution is used once.

The chloramine solution is good for 15 days if the chlorine activity is at least 25%.

Preparation of “working” solutions of chloramine:

1% - 10 g of dry matter per 990 ml of water;

3% - 30 g of dry matter per 970 ml of water;

5% - 50 g of dry matter per 550 ml of water.

Remember!

0.5-1% chloramine solutions are generally used where there may not be blood;

3% chloramine solution - where blood may be present (orders No. 40 8, 128);

5% chloramine solution - for tuberculosis (tbs) and microsporia, in central treatment centers, operating units.

DISINFECTION. PREPARATION AND USE OF DISINFECTING SOLUTIONS

Laboratory work

Medicine and veterinary medicine

As an independent work, it is recommended to create a thematic crossword puzzle; prepare a summary report on the topics Disinfection: why is it needed Types of disinfection Methods of disinfection Chemical disinfection. Equipment Demonstration material: tables Types of disinfection; Disinfection methods; general cleaning log; logbook for the operation of bactericidal irradiators...

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Baltic federal university named after I. Kant

Medical Institute

according to AM secondary programs vocational education

Topic 3.2.1. " DISINFECTION. PREPARATION AND USE OF DISINFECTING SOLUTIONS"

Laboratory lesson - 6 hours

for 1st year students

Full-time form of education

specialty (code) 060101.52 - General medicine

060501.51 - Nursing

060102.51 - Obstetrics

Compiled by: teacher I.G. Manakova

Discussed and approved at the meeting

cyclic methodological commission

"Nursing"

Protocol No.___ dated "__" __________ 20__

Head CMK ____________ /O.A.Butyrina/

Kaliningrad

1. Guidelines.
2. Equipment.
3. Motivation, goals.
4. Interdisciplinary connections.
5. Levels of knowledge acquisition. Competencies.
6. The structure of the lesson with a plan for explaining the educational material and timing.
7. Glossary.
8. Theoretical material of the laboratory lesson.
9. Manipulations No. 6 “Preparation of disinfectant solutions”, No. 7 “Preparation of solutions of chloramine and bleach”, No. 8 “Cleaning the wards”, No. 9 “Cleaning the treatment room”.
10. Control material.
11. Situational tasks.
12. List of used literature.

The knowledge and skills acquired in the lesson form the basis for studying the interdisciplinary course “Technology for the provision of medical services” and subsequent classes of the interdisciplinary course “Safe environment for patients and staff.”

Knowledge control at the beginning of the lesson, in order to identify the level of students’ preparation for the laboratory lesson, should be carried out on 1-5 questions of the lecture - topic 3.2. "Disinfection". Frontal survey is recommended.

The presentation of the theoretical material of the laboratory lesson is accompanied by a demonstration of visual material, regulatory documents, instructions and manipulation techniques.

Independent work of a laboratory lesson involves familiarizing students with instructions (methodological recommendations) on the use of disinfectants, regulatory documents, as well as practicing manipulation techniques and solving situational problems.

The final knowledge control is carried out in the form of a test control based on the materials of lecture 3.1. “VBI” (question 7) lecture 3.2. “Disinfection” (questions 1-5), theoretical material for laboratory classes and manipulations No. 6 “Preparation of disinfectant solutions”, No. 7 “Preparation of solutions of chloramine and bleach”, No. 8 “Cleaning the wards”, No. 9 “Cleaning the treatment room” .

Equipment

Demo material:

1. tables “Types of disinfection”; “Disinfection methods”;
2. general cleaning log;
3. logbook for recording the operation of bactericidal irradiators;
4. disinfectants (powder, tablets, concentrate solution, aerosol, wipes, ready-to-use solution);
5. containers for disinfectant solutions (pots, containers);
6. sticks, spatulas;
7. indicators for express control of concentrations of working solutions of disinfectants.

Handout: regulations:

1. Instructions (guidelines) for disinfectants.

Student workplace:

1. gown, cap, non-sterile gloves, mask, apron, glasses;
2. disinfectants (powder, tablets, concentrated solution, aerosol, wipes, ready-to-use solution);
3. measuring containers (cups, jars, cylinder), spoons;
4. containers for disinfectants (pots, containers);
5. sticks, spatulas;
6. indicators for express control of concentrations of working solutions of disinfectants;
7. buckets, rags, napkins, mop.

Motivation

Properly organized disinfection measures (including chemical method) play a critical role in the prevention of HCAI. Disinfection of care items, medical instruments, equipment, and premises occupy a large share of the working time of medical personnel. We should not forget that the use of disinfectants is one of the factors that adversely affects the health of patients and, especially, medical staff. From the above it follows that medical personnel must carry out disinfection measures, strictly observing the requirements of regulatory documents.

1. Study the role of the nurse in carrying out disinfection measures;
2. Study safety precautions when working with disinfectants;
3. Explore General requirements to the method of disinfection;
4. Teach the preparation and use of disinfectant solutions;
5. Teach how to disinfect furnishings, sanitary equipment, and cleaning equipment;
6. Teach how to clean wards and treatment rooms.

Educational:

1. Consider the ethical and deontological aspects of the topic;
2. Cultivate responsibility towards one’s responsibilities;

Educational:

1. Learn to use regulatory documents and instructions (guidelines);
2. Develop speaking skills.

Interdisciplinary connections

Biomedical Ethics; hygiene and ecology; basics of microbiology, virology and immunology; the healthy child and his environment, and all other clinical disciplines.

Levels of knowledge acquisition

1. concept of “disinfection”;
2. types and methods of disinfection;
3. characteristics of disinfectants;
4. the role of the nurse in carrying out disinfection measures;
5. general requirements for disinfection methods;
6. sanitary and epidemiological regime of the somatic department.

1. observe safety precautions when working with disinfectants;
2. prepare disinfectant solutions using the instructions;
3. carry out routine and general cleaning of premises using various disinfectants;
4. Provide a safe hospital environment for patients and staff.

Competencies

General competencies (GC) for specialties 060101.52 - General medicine; 060501.51 - Nursing; 060102.51 - Obstetrics:

1. understand the essence and social significance of your future profession, show sustained interest in it (GC 1);
2. organize one’s own activities based on the goal and methods of achieving it, determined by the manager (OK 2);
3. analyze the work situation, carry out current and final monitoring, assessment and correction of one’s own activities, bear responsibility for the results of one’s work (OK 3).
4. search for information necessary to perform effective tasks (OK 4).
5. use information and communication technologies in professional activities (OK 5).
6. work in a team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, consumers (OK 6).
7. comply with labor protection, fire and safety regulations (OK 8).

for specialty 060101.52 - General Medicine:

1. comply with the principles of professional ethics (PCS 7.2.).
2. draw up medical documentation (PCS 7.5.).
3. ensure infection safety (PCS 7.7.).
4. provide a safe hospital environment for patients and staff (PCS 7.8.).
5. ensure industrial and personal hygiene in the workplace (PCS 7.11.).

for specialty 060501.51 - Nursing:

1. comply with the principles of professional ethics (PCS 4.2.).
2. draw up medical documentation (PCS 4.5.).
3. ensure infection safety (PCS 4.7.).
4. provide a safe hospital environment for patients and staff (PCS 4.8.).
5. ensure industrial and personal hygiene in the workplace (PCS 4.11.).

Professional competencies of a specialist (PCS): for specialty 060102.51 - Obstetrics:

1. comply with the principles of professional ethics (PCS 5.2.).
2. draw up medical documentation (PCS 5.5.).
3. ensure infectious safety (PCS 5.7.).
4. provide a safe hospital environment for patients and staff (PCS 5.8.).
5. ensure industrial and personal hygiene in the workplace (PCS 5.11.).

Lesson structure WITH a plan for explaining educational material AND TIMELINE

1. Organizational part: 5 minutes
2. greetings;
3. registration of those present;
4. checking uniforms, availability of masks, gloves and documentation.
5. Introductory part: 10 minutes
6. topic of the lesson;
7. motivation;
8. objectives of the lesson;
9. lesson plan;
10. filling out diaries.
11. Input knowledge test: 40 minutes
12. Explanation of theoretical material: 45 minutes

1. Question: Disinfection: types and methods.

2. Question: Preparation of disinfectant solutions.

3. Question:Use of disinfectant solutions.

1. Independent work of students: 115 minutes
2. practicing manipulation techniques;
3. work with regulatory documents and instructions;
4. solving situational problems.
5. Final knowledge test: 30 minutes
6. Summing up the lesson: 15 minutes
7. filling out diaries;
8. analysis of the lesson with answers to student questions;
9. grading with commentary.
10. Homework with comment: 5 minutes
11. repeat the lecture “Disinfection” (6-7 questions);
12. learn glossary terms (exposure (exposure exposure); disinfectants; disinfection);
13. learn manipulations No. 6 “Preparation of disinfectant solutions”, No. 7 “Preparation of solutions of chloramine and bleach”, No. 8 “Cleaning the wards”, No. 9 “Cleaning the treatment room”;
14. independent work(compile abstract reports on the topics: “Disinfection: why is it needed?”; “Types of disinfection”; “Disinfection methods”; “Chemical disinfection”);
15. Cleaning the office by the attendants: 5 minutes

Glossary

Disinfection* destruction in surrounding a person environment of pathogens of infectious diseases and opportunistic microflora.

Disinfectants* - This chemical substances causing death or suspension of the vital activity of microorganisms.

Bleach stock solution* - 10% clarified bleach solution.

Exposure (exposure speed)* - the period of time required for disinfection (sterilization) to occur.

Note: Students write terms marked (*) in their glossary.

Theoretical material of the laboratory lesson

1. Question: Disinfection: types and methods.

Disinfection (disinfection) this is the destruction of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in the human environment.

Types of disinfection

Preventive

Focal

Current +gen. cleaning

Final

METHODS OF DISINFECTION

Mechanical

Physical

Chemical

Combined

Most often used in medical care:

1. Mechanical method: wet cleaning, washing, hand washing, whitewashing and painting of premises.
3. Chemical method: all methods are used - wiping, complete immersion (soaking), irrigation, spraying, falling asleep.
4. Combined method: hand washing with antiseptic soap, wet cleaning with disinfectants + UV irradiation.

1. Question: Preparation of disinfectant solutions.

To prepare disinfectant solutions, personnel are provided with disinfectants approved for use in the Russian Federation. When preparing disinfectant solutions, observe safety precautions when working with disinfectants in accordance with the instructions (guidelines) for the drug. Solutions of disinfectants are prepared according to the instructions for use of the drug (guidelines) (see manipulation No. 6). Containers for preparing disinfectant solutions must be glass, enameled (without damaging the enamel), or plastic. Containers must have tight-fitting lids and be labeled:

Name of the drug;

Concentration;

Purpose;

Date of preparation;

Deadline suitability;

Exposition.

For disinfectants produced in the form of concentrated solutions and in powder form, appropriately sized measuring containers are used. Tap water is used to prepare disinfectant solutions. Some disinfectants require the preparation of a mother solution first, and then working solutions (for example, bleach) are prepared from it (see manipulation No. 7).

Indicators are used for express control of the concentrations of working solutions. The indicator must match the solution being tested. The VINAR company produces indicator strips of the Desikont series. “Dezikont-NA” is used to control neutral anolyte, “Dezikont-S” is used to control “Septodora”, etc.

1. Question:Use of disinfectant solutions.

Disinfecting solutions are used to disinfect medical products, medical instruments, furnishings, premises, sanitary equipment, cleaning equipment, dishes, linen and care items.

Disinfection by wiping is carried out on objects that have not come into contact with the patient or to which the immersion method cannot be applied. Wipe once or twice (according to the instructions) with a rag moistened with a disinfectant solution or a napkin soaked in disinfectants.

Disinfection by immersion is carried out:

1. Option: the product is immediately immersed in a disinfectant solution.
2. Option: visible dirt is removed from the product using cloth wipes, then the product is immersed in a disinfectant solution (the wipes are thrown into a separate container).
3. Option: the product is pre-washed in a container of water (with a disinfectant solution), and then immersed in a disinfectant solution; rinsing waters are also disinfected.

When disinfecting by immersion, detachable products are immersed in disassembled form. Tools with locking parts are immersed open, making several working movements in the solution. Instruments having cavities and channels are immersed and their cavities are filled. The height of the disinfectant solution above the instruments is at least 1 cm.

Disinfection by irrigation is carried out using disinfectants in the form of sprays or solutions are applied to surfaces using special equipment.

After disinfection, care items, medical devices and reusable instruments must be washed from disinfectant residues in accordance with the recommendations of the disinfectant manufacturer.

Disinfectant solutions are used for cleaning wards and the treatment room (see manipulation No. 8, 9). There are new generation detergents and disinfectants that do not require rinsing. Solutions of some disinfectants can be combined with a 0.5% solution of detergent (Chlormix, Javel-Solid) according to the instructions. If the instructions do not indicate that the disinfectant solution can be combined with detergent, then this should not be done, as this may lead to a decrease in the activity of the disinfectant.

Calculation of the consumption of disinfectant solutions is carried out according to the instructions for use.

Manipulation No. 6

“Preparation of disinfectant solutions (from powders, tablets and concentrate solutions)”

Target: prevention of HAIs.

Indications:

1. carrying out disinfection.

Contraindications:

1. individual intolerance to disinfectant.

Equipment: overalls (robe, cap); facilities personal protection(mask (respirator), gloves, goggles) depending on the instructions for preparing the drug solution; disinfectant (powder or tablets or concentrate solution); instructions (guidelines) for the preparation, measuring containers, labeled container for disinfectant solution, tap water.

Manipulation algorithm:

	Rationale
1. Preparation for the procedure
	Ensuring the accuracy of the solution concentration and compliance with safety regulations.
1.2. Wear protective clothing and protective equipment.
1.3. Prepare a labeled container (container with a lid), disinfectant and, if necessary, measuring containers.
2. Execution of the procedure
2.1. Measure out the required amount of disinfectant using a measuring container or count out the required number of tablets.	Ensuring the accuracy of solution concentration.
2.2. Pour some of the required amount of water into the container.
2.3. Place the disinfectant in the container.
2.4. Mix the solution using a perforated tray.
2.5. Add water to the required volume mark in the container, using the graduation markings on the wall of the pan.
2.6. Mix the solution using a perforated tray.
2.7. Close the container with a lid.	Compliance with the requirements for the conditions of storage and use of the disinfectant solution.
2.8. Fill out the tag.
3. End of the procedure
3.1. Remove personal protective equipment.	Compliance with safety precautions when working with disinfectants.
3.2. Wash and dry your hands.
Note: when preparing disinfectant solutions in glass or enamel containers without graduation, add water using measuring containers for water or prepare a solution in a liter jar and pour it into the container; A glass rod is used to stir the solutions.

Manipulation No. 7

“Preparation of solutions of chloramine and bleach”

Preparation of chloramine solutions.

Chloramine is a white crystalline powder containing 25-29% active chlorine. Release form: packages of 100, 200, 300 grams. Chloramine is prepared by mixing the powder with tap water. The shelf life of unused solution is no more than 15 days. The solution is used for disinfection once. Methods of disinfection: wiping (one or two times), immersion (soaking), irrigation (one or two times).

% working solution	Amount of chloramine in grams	Amount of water in ml	Application
			Room surfaces and dishes without food residues and without infections.
			For disinfection of care items not contaminated with blood and biological media. For disinfection of intestinal infections.
			For disinfection of instruments and care items contaminated with blood and other biological media. For disinfection in case of viral hepatitis and HIV infection.

Note:

1. exposure time for disinfection of instruments - 60 minutes, the rest - according to the instructions;
2. To prepare activated solutions of chloramine, a solution of ammonia is used.

Preparation of bleach solutions.

Chloride of lime - powdered product white. Available in 1 kg bags or 30 kg bags. The product contains 26-32-35% active chlorine; when dissolved in water, a suspension is formed. First, a stock solution of bleach is prepared from the powder, then, using a stock solution (10% clarified bleach solution), working solutions of bleach are prepared.

Preparation of a 10% clarified bleach solution.

Before preparing a 10% clarified bleach solution, a health worker, in addition to a gown and cap, must wear an apron made of rubberized fabric and rubber boots. He must also use protective equipment: rubber gloves, safety glasses, a respirator (RU-60).

1 kg of dry bleach is placed in an enamel container and ground with the addition of a small amount of water to a uniform paste with a wooden spatula. Then add the remaining amount of water up to 10 liters, mix until a homogeneous suspension is formed and leave to settle in enamel dishes with a lid for 24 hours (in the first 4 hours it is necessary to stir the suspension several times). After this, the clarified solution is carefully poured or filtered into a labeled enamel or glass container with a lid. Fill out the oilcloth tag. The shelf life of a 10% clarified bleach solution is 7-10 days.

Preparation of working solutions of bleach.

Working solutions of bleach are prepared immediately before use. Can be used once. Exposure time - according to instructions.

Methods of application: wiping, immersion (soaking), irrigation.

% working solution	Amount of 10% clarified bleach stock solution in liters	Amount of water in liters	Application
			Preventive disinfection in somatic departments.
			For disinfection of intestinal infections.
			For disinfection in case of viral hepatitis and HIV infection.
			For disinfection in case of tuberculosis.

Note:

1. dry bleach is used by pouring to disinfect secretions (urine, feces, vomit, etc.);
2. To prepare activated solutions of bleach, use a solution of ammonia.

Manipulation No. 8

"Cleaning the wards"

A. Current

Target: preventing HAIs and creating a safe environment for patients and medical staff.

Indications:

1. implementation of the sanitary and hygienic regime in the wards of the somatic department of the healthcare facility.

Contraindications:

The necessary conditions:

1. carried out at least twice a day;
2. all cleaning equipment (carts, buckets, basins, mops, rags, mops, etc.) must be clearly marked indicating the premises, types of cleaning work or color coding;
3. cleaning equipment must be used strictly for its intended purpose and stored in a separate room (a color-coding scheme is also located there);
4. after wet cleaning, it is necessary to carry out ventilation (air disinfection with bactericidal irradiators is carried out according to indications or in the wards of departments of the corresponding profile);
5. The administration of health care facilities organizes preliminary and periodic (at least once a year) instructions for personnel cleaning premises on sanitary and hygienic conditions and cleaning technology.

Equipment: overalls (robe, cap, oilcloth apron) and washable low-heeled shoes; personal protective equipment (gloves); disinfectant and cleaning solutions approved for use in accordance with the established procedure; Labeled cleaning equipment.

Manipulation algorithm:

	Rationale
1. Preparation for the procedure
1.1. Warn patients that the room will be cleaned.	Compliance with safety regulations.
1.2. Wear protective clothing and gloves.
1.3. Look around the room.	Efficiency of cleaning.
1.4. Prepare disinfectant solutions of the required concentration according to a regime that ensures the death of bacterial microflora (it is advisable to use disinfectants with detergents).
2. Execution of the procedure
2.1. Wipe the surfaces of window sills, furniture, equipment, appliances, doors with a clean cloth moistened with a disinfectant solution.
2.2. Clean the sink.	Removal of contaminants and microorganisms.
2.3. Take out the bag of garbage and insert a new bag into the trash bin.	Class A medical waste disposal.
2.4. Wash the floors.	Removal of dust, organic substances, microorganisms.
3. End of the procedure
3.1. Ventilate the room for 15 minutes.	Removing fumes from detergents and disinfectants and ensuring standardized air parameters.
3.2. Cleaning equipment should be disinfected and rinsed. Dry and store in a specially designated room.	Destruction of microorganisms on the surface of cleaning equipment.

B. General

1. Conducted according to schedule at least once a month. Outside the schedule, general cleaning is carried out in case of unsatisfactory results of microbial contamination of the external environment and for epidemiological indications.
2. General cleaning of the wards is carried out according to regimes that cause the death of bacterial infection.
3. General cleaning is carried out with the windows open and in the absence of patients. Beds must be covered.
4. Cleaning should begin by moving furniture away to provide free access to the surfaces being treated.
5. During general cleaning, walls, equipment, inventory, lamps, radiators, window sills, protective blinds, doors, floors and baseboards are treated. Windows are washed as needed, but at least twice a year.

Note:

1. when an nosocomial infection appears in a hospital, cleaning is carried out according to a regime that is effective against the causative agent of the corresponding infection;
2. When disinfecting objects contaminated with blood and other biological substrates, disinfectants should be used according to the antiviral regime.

Manipulation No. 9

"Cleaning the treatment room"

1. Routine cleaning is carried out at least twice a day.
2. All horizontal surfaces are treated with a solution of a disinfectant or detergent-disinfectant according to the instructions for use in antiviral mode (viral hepatitis B, C and HIV).
3. Floors are washed with a solution of disinfectant or detergent-disinfectant in antiviral mode (viral hepatitis B, C and HIV).
4. Air disinfection is carried out in accordance with the instructions for specific equipment.
5. The treatment room is ventilated around the clock 4 times a day for 15-30 minutes.

B. General cleaning

1. General cleaning is carried out once a week. Outside the schedule, general cleaning is carried out in case of unsatisfactory results of microbial contamination of the external environment and for epidemiological indications.
2. General cleaning is carried out using disinfectants with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action according to regimes that ensure the death of bacteria, viruses and fungi.
3. Personnel must have special clothing and personal protective equipment (robe, cap, mask, rubber gloves, rubber apron, etc.), labeled cleaning equipment (cleaning equipment for the floor and walls must be separate), clean cloth napkins (if it is impossible to use disposable cloth napkins, reusable and washable).
4. Before cleaning, move furniture away from the walls.
5. When conducting spring cleaning apply a washing-disinfecting solution to the walls by irrigation or wiping to a height of at least two meters, windows, window sills, doors, furniture, equipment and floors. At the end of the disinfection time (the staff must change their overalls), all surfaces are washed with clean cloth napkins moistened with tap (drinking) water, and then the air in the room is disinfected and ventilated (there are detergents and disinfectants that are not washed off with water).
6. Make an entry in the log of general cleaning of the treatment room.

Note: used cleaning equipment is disinfected in a disinfectant solution, then rinsed in water and dried. Cleaning equipment must be stored in a specially designated room or cabinet outside the treatment room.

Control material:

Frontal survey.

1. Define the concept of “disinfection”.
2. What forms of microorganisms die during disinfection?
3. Name the types of disinfection.
4. In what cases is preventive disinfection carried out, its purpose and frequency?
5. In what case is focal disinfection carried out, its purpose?
6. State the purpose and frequency of the current focal disinfection.
7. State the purpose and frequency of final focal disinfection.
8. Name the methods of disinfection.
9. Give examples of mechanical disinfection.
10. Give examples of physical disinfection.
11. Give examples of chemical disinfection.
12. Give examples of combined disinfection.
13. Define the term “disinfectant”.
14. What forms of release of disinfectants do you know?
15. Name the toxicity classes of disinfectants.
16. What groups are disinfectants divided into depending on the objects of disinfection?
17. List the disinfection modes.
18. Name the groups of disinfectants by chemical composition and give examples.
19. How is disinfection carried out by boiling?
20. Name the disinfection modes of boiling.
21. What material should containers for disinfecting solutions be made of?
22. What information should the labeling of containers for disinfectant solutions contain?
23. What are the requirements for disinfection by immersion in a disinfectant solution?
24. What options do you know for disinfecting reusable products using the immersion method?
25. What items can be disinfected by wiping?
26. Name the conditions necessary to ensure highly effective disinfection.
27. How is the quality control of the preparation of disinfectant solution carried out?
28. Which persons are and are not allowed to work with disinfectants, detergents and sterilants?
29. What protective equipment is used when working with disinfectants?
30. What are the requirements for premises where disinfectants are prepared?
31. What are the requirements for storing disinfectants?
32. What actions should be taken if disinfectants get on the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth, or in the stomach?
33. What levels of disinfection do you know?
34. Describe low level disinfection?
35. Describe mid-level disinfection?
36. Describe high-level disinfection?

Post-test: option No. 1

Option 1

1. The treatment room belongs to the premises of the cleanliness class:

2. The table (bedside table) for disinfection of the treatment room is located in the area:

a) aseptic;

b) working;

c) economic.

3. Washing windows in the treatment room is carried out:

c) at least 2 times a year.

4. Current cleaning treatment room is carried out:

a) at least 2 times a day;

b) daily;

c) once a week.

5. General cleaning of the treatment room is carried out:

a) at least 2 times a day;

b) daily;

c) once a week.

6. Routine cleaning of the wards is carried out:

a) at least 3 times a day;

b) at least 2 times a day;

c) daily.

7. General cleaning of the wards is carried out:

a) once a week;

b) as pollution occurs;

c) once a month.

8. Ventilation of the wards is carried out:

a) as necessary;

c) at least 4 times a day for 20 minutes.

9. The bactericidal irradiator “Dezar” is of the following type:

a) closed;

b) open;

c) combined.

10. When changing bed linen for a patient, fold the soiled linen:

a) on a chair;

b) in a plastic bag;

c) on the floor.

11. Disinfection is a set of measures aimed at destroying:

a) microorganisms

b) rodents

c) insects

d) arthropods

12. Preventive disinfection is carried out:

a) around the patient

b) around the carrier

13. After recovery or death of the patient, disinfection is carried out:

a) current

b) preventive

c) preliminary

d) final

14. Physical method of disinfection:

a) cleaning

b) boiling

c) ventilation

d) washing

15. Mechanical disinfection method:

a) sweeping

b) burning

c) boiling

d) pasteurization

16. Septodor solution is used for disinfection:

a) mechanical

b) physical

c) biological

d) chemical

17. Disinfectant Javel Solid belongs to the group:

a) guanidines

b) aldehyde-containing

d) oxygen content

18. Toxic disinfectants are used in the presence of patients:

a) 1st class

b) 2 classes

c) 3 classes

d) 4 classes

19. To prepare a 3% chloramine solution - 1 liter, you need to take chloramine powder:

a) 5 grams

b) 10 grams

c) 30 grams

d) 50 grams

20. To prepare a 0.5% bleach solution - 10 liters, you need to take a stock solution of bleach:

Post-test: option No. 2

Option 2

Exercise: choose one correct answer.

1. To prepare a 0.5% bleach solution - 10 liters, you need to take a stock solution of bleach:

2. To prepare a 3% chloramine solution - 1 liter, you need to take chloramine powder:

a) 5 grams

b) 10 grams

c) 30 grams

d) 50 grams

3. Toxic disinfectants are used in the presence of patients:

a) 1st class

b) 2 classes

c) 3 classes

d) 4 classes

4. Disinfectant Javel Solid belongs to the group:

a) guanidines

b) aldehyde-containing

d) oxygen content

5. Septodor solution is used for disinfection:

a) mechanical

b) physical

c) biological

d) chemical

6. Mechanical disinfection method:

a) sweeping

b) burning

c) boiling

d) pasteurization

7. Physical disinfection method:

a) cleaning

b) boiling

c) ventilation

d) washing

8. After recovery or death of the patient, disinfection is carried out:

a) current

b) preventive

c) preliminary

d) final

9. Preventive disinfection is carried out:

a) around the patient

b) around the carrier

c) after the patient has recovered

d) in the absence of a focus of infectious diseases

10. Disinfection is a set of measures aimed at destroying:

a) microorganisms

b) rodents

c) insects

d) arthropods

11. When changing bed linen for a patient, fold the soiled linen:

a) on a chair;

b) in a plastic bag;

c) on the floor.

12. The bactericidal irradiator “Dezar” is of the following type:

a) closed;

b) open;

c) combined.

13. Ventilation of the wards is carried out:

a) as necessary;

b) at least 4 times a day for 15 minutes;

c) at least 4 times a day for 20 minutes

14. General cleaning of the wards is carried out:

a) once a week;

b) as pollution occurs;

c) once a month.

15. Routine cleaning of the wards is carried out:

a) at least 3 times a day;

b) at least 2 times a day;

c) daily.

16. General cleaning of the treatment room is carried out:

a) at least 2 times a day;

b) daily;

c) once a week.

17. Routine cleaning of the treatment room is carried out:

a) at least 2 times a day;

b) daily;

c) once a week.

18. Washing windows in the treatment room is carried out:

a) during general cleaning;

b) when soiled and at least 2 times a year;

c) at least 2 times a year.

19. The table (bedside table) for disinfection of the treatment room is located in the area:

a) aseptic;

b) working;

c) economic.

20. The treatment room belongs to the premises of the cleanliness class:

Standards of answers to post-tests with evaluation criteria:

Test tasks No. 2
Option 1	Option 2

100-90% correct answers (20-18) - “5”

89-80% of correct answers (17-16) - “4”

79-70% correct answers (15-14) - “3”

below 70% correct answers - “2”

Situational tasks

1. During the summer holidays, a student who has completed the 10th grade of school wants to get a job as a nurse. What is one of the reasons for the probable refusal?
2. In one of the hospitals, a 3-year-old child became very thirsty at night. The nurse was not on duty. The child drank in the washbasin from a bucket of disinfectant standing there, which the nurse had prepared in the evening for morning cleaning. Assess this situation.
3. The nurse sees that the newly hired orderly is washing the floors in the hallway, using a bucket labeled “Procedure Room.” Assess the situation. What needs to be done?
4. The nurse on night duty did not carry out wet cleaning. The department is cleaned during the day by a day nurse and in the evening by a night nurse. Was the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime violated?
5. The nurse carried out a wet cleaning in the ward. A seriously ill patient complained to the nurse that after cleaning the room there was a strong smell of disinfectant solution. What are the probable reasons for this situation?
6. When an employee of the regulatory organization took the disinfectant solution for analysis, it was found that the specified concentration exceeded the specified concentration by 11 times. What is the probable cause of what happened?
7. The nurse cleans the ward using a disinfectant solution without gloves. What could this lead to?
8. During disinfection measures, a solution of the Javel Solid disinfectant got into the nurse’s eyes and onto the skin of her face. What needs to be done?
9. A student washed the floors in the treatment room and asks the nurse: “What to do with the cleaning equipment.” Answer the student's question.
10. The nurse was cleaning the room. A patient approached her with a request to replace a soiled duvet cover. The nurse refused, citing the fact that bed linen is changed every 7 days. Is the nurse right?
11. The nurse carried out disinfection measures by spraying with Javel Solid. She was dressed in a robe and cap. For protective equipment, she used rubber gloves and an apron. After finishing work, she felt unwell. Why did this happen and what should be done?
12. The nurse needs to carry out express monitoring of the concentration of working solutions of the Septodor disinfectant. She has the “Desikont-NA” indicator. Is it possible to use this indicator for the Septodor disinfectant?

Standard of answers to situational problems

1. Working as a nurse always involves the use of disinfectants. Persons under 18 years of age are not allowed to perform such work.
2. Children in the department must be monitored, including at night, and their drinking regime must be ensured. Working solutions are prepared immediately before cleaning. Disinfectants and disinfectants must be stored in places inaccessible to children. The child must call a doctor and act according to the instructions (guidelines) for this disinfectant. As prescribed by the doctor, either rinse the stomach or give tablets activated carbon depending on the instructions for this disinfectant.
3. It is necessary to replace the bucket labeled “Procedural” with a bucket labeled “Corridor”. The nurse must be given additional instructions on using equipment according to the labeling and strictly for its intended purpose. Report the situation to the head nurse. Treat the “Procedural” bucket with a disinfectant solution.
4. Yes, since cleaning must be done at least twice a day. It is necessary to report to the head nurse in the morning and at 5 minutes.
5. The nurse did not ventilate the room after cleaning or prepared a disinfectant solution that exceeded the required concentration. The nurse should organize ventilation of the room and check with the nurse how she prepared the disinfectant solution.
6. Exceeding the concentration can occur when the instructions for diluting the disinfectant are used incorrectly, or when using a measuring container that does not correspond to the given disinfectant.
8. It is necessary to rinse your eyes and face thoroughly with water (according to the instructions).
9. It is necessary to disinfect, rinse, place for drying and subsequent storage in a specially designated place.
10. No, that's not right. If soiled, linen is changed immediately.
11. She did not provide respiratory protection. According to the instructions for the drug, respiratory protection should be carried out with universal respirators of the RPG-67 or RU-60M type with a Vis brand cartridge. It is also necessary to protect your eyes with sealed goggles. The nurse, according to the instructions, must be taken out into fresh air and ensure peace. Rinse your mouth, nose, and throat with water, then give warm milk with baking soda (one teaspoon per glass of milk). If necessary, consult a doctor.
12. No you can not. Since the indicator “Dezikont-NA” is intended for express control of neutral anolyte, and the indicator “Dezikont-S” is intended for “Septodor”.

List of used literature

1. No. MU287113 1998 “Guidelines for the disinfection of pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical products.”
   1. Kuleshova L.I. Infectious safety in medical institutions / L.I. Kuleshova, E.V. Pustovetova. Ed. 2nd, add. and processed - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2005. - 317 p.
   2. Kuleshova L.I. Fundamentals of nursing: course of lectures, nursing technologies / L.I. Kuleshova, E.V. Pustovetova; edited by V.V. Morozova. - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2011. - 733 p.
   3. Mukhina S.A., Tarnovskaya I.I. Practical guide to the subject “Fundamentals of Nursing”: textbook. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 512 p.
   4. Obukhovets T.P. Fundamentals of nursing / T.P. Obukhovets, O.V. Chernova; edited by B.V. Karabukhina - Ed. 14th, add. and processed - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2009. - 792 p.
   5. Osipova V.L. Disinfection: tutorial. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 139 p.
   6. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the region dated May 31, 2005 No. 376 “On carrying out disinfection measures at epidemically significant facilities in the Kaliningrad region”
   7. SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities”
   8. SP 3.5.1378-03 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and implementation of disinfection activities”, 2005.

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Introduction

1. Concept of disinfection

Conclusion

Introduction

Veterinary sanitation is one of the most important branches of veterinary medicine, dealing with the development and implementation of measures in livestock farming aimed at the prevention and elimination of animal diseases, protecting people from pathogens and invasions common to humans and animals, as well as ensuring the production of livestock products and feed of high sanitary quality. quality.

In livestock farms, veterinary sanitation involves carrying out measures aimed at maintaining the well-being of the entire herd, preventing the introduction or removal of pathogens of infectious diseases from it, and creating conditions that prevent contact of a pathogenic pathogen with the animal’s body. recommended norms and rules of veterinary sanitation are decisive in the implementation of technological processes for the production of high-quality livestock products. Currently, veterinary and sanitary measures are carried out on livestock farms, poultry farms, in transport, at the state border, at meat processing plants and other enterprises associated with the production of livestock products and, as a rule, are included in their cost. In this regard, reducing the costs of carrying out veterinary and sanitary measures through a reasonable selection of existing and development of new disinfectants and insectoacaricidal drugs, as well as promising equipment that provides optimal technology for the use of these drugs, is one of the urgent tasks of veterinary sanitation.

For the first time, the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, as an integral part of veterinary sanitation, was scientifically substantiated by Academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences A.A. Polyakov (1904 - 1990). A significant contribution in the areas of veterinary sanitation was made by VNIIVSGE scientists: A.A. Polyakov, A.A. Zakomyrdin (disinfection); V.S. Yarnykh (mechanization of veterinary and sanitary work); K.P. Andreev, D.K. Polyakov (disinfestation and decontamination); D.F. Trakhanov (deratization).

Until now, his books have become reference books for veterinary workers (Veterinary disinfection, 3rd edition, M., 1964; Fundamentals of veterinary sanitation, M., 1969; Guide to veterinary sanitation, M., 1986); which cover the issues of disinfection, disinfestation, decontamination and deratization in relation to the conditions of industrial livestock farming.

In the last decade, the science and practice of veterinary sanitation has been enriched with a wide range of new disinfectants, insectoacaricidal, raticidal and other drugs. New high-performance equipment has been developed for carrying out veterinary and sanitary measures, in particular, for carrying out aerosol treatments of premises and animals.

The role of veterinary sanitation in our time is increasing due to changing economic, natural, geographical, environmental and trade relations. Along with large industrial livestock enterprises, farms for raising and fattening animals and private enterprises for processing livestock products have appeared, where issues of veterinary sanitation require special attention.

1.Disinfection

Disinfection is understood as the destruction of environmental objects or the removal from them of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures that ensure the well-being of livestock farming against infectious diseases, increasing the productivity of animals (poultry) and the sanitary quality of products, raw materials and feed of animal origin, disinfection (in the broad sense of the word) occupies one of the important places. The term “disinfection” (from the French word des - elimination and Latin infectio - infection, infection) translated means “disinfection”.

The pathogen can be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy one by infected objects inanimate nature(transmission factors) and live carriers (insects, ticks, mouse-like rodents, etc.). Therefore, the system of disinfection measures includes: disinfection itself (in the narrow sense of the word), disinsection (des - eliminate and insectum - insect) and deratization (rattus - rat), aimed at the destruction of arthropods (insects, ticks) and rodents - reservoirs, carriers and distributors of pathogens of many infectious diseases. The role and significance of the measures of each section of disinfection will be determined by the epizootological characteristics of a particular infectious disease, and the choice of exposure will be determined by the specificity of the mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, its factors and routes of spread.

The main purpose of these measures is to break the epizootic chain by influencing its most important link - the factor of transmission of the pathogen from the source of infection to the susceptible organism.

Disinfection, disinsection and deratization are included in the plan of anti-epizootic measures for each farm, household, district, region, and republic.

They are carried out by: veterinary workers of collective farms, state farms, livestock complexes, joint-stock companies and other farms (veterinary treatment operators, veterinary orderlies, disinfectors); disinfection teams of regional and city stations for combating animal diseases, state veterinary associations; self-supporting veterinary and sanitary units; disinfection stations and points on railway transport.

On farms, the staff of specialists carrying out veterinary and sanitary work is established depending on the volume of work in accordance with the standards. At pig-breeding complexes and poultry farms, veterinary and sanitary measures are carried out by teams working on contract and lease terms. In regional disinfection teams, according to the standard staff, the positions of chief (veterinarian or paramedic), veterinary orderly and driver are established.

Veterinary and sanitary units were created as self-supporting institutions of regional subordination with different numbers depending on the volume of work. Squads consist of sections and units.

According to the list of veterinary services provided by budgetary organizations and institutions of the state veterinary service of the Ministry Agriculture and food of the Russian Federation, approved on January 20, 1992, disinfection, disinfestation, and deratization are paid veterinary services.

In industrial animal husbandry, disinfection is an integral part of veterinary technology, that is, it is included in technological process production of livestock products.

The plan provides for the timing, methods and regimes of disinfection of production and auxiliary premises, workwear and footwear, vehicles, territory and other processing objects; the need for disinfectants, washing and disinfection equipment and human resources, taking into account the volume of work; take into account the location of processing facilities, production technology, epizootic situation and other features of the farm.

Responsibility for the material support of disinfection measures rests, as indicated above, with the head of the farm, and for the timeliness and completeness of execution - with the chief (senior) doctor of the farm.

Taking into account the epizootic significance, a distinction is made between preventive and forced disinfection. The latter, in turn, is divided into current and final.

2. Method for preparing disinfectant solutions

Freshly slaked lime suspension

Burnt lime is quenched with an equal volume or half the weight of water. First, a little water is poured into a wooden barrel, and then a weighed amount of burnt lime is placed and water is added in the amount necessary for slaking. Lime, absorbing water, turns into a white mass.

When extinguishing, be careful not to get lime particles on your face or hands.

To obtain a 10% solution of lime milk, take 1 kg of quicklime, quench it with 1 liter of water, and then add 9 liters of water.

To obtain a 20% solution of lime milk, take 2 kg of quicklime, 2 liters of water for slaking and 8 liters of water to obtain a suspension.

Clarified bleach solution

To prepare a clarified bleach solution containing 1-, 2-, 4- or 5% active chlorine, first calculate the required amount of bleach using table No. 7, taking into account the amount of chlorine in the available dry bleach. Then weigh out the required amount of bleach, pour it into a bucket and, after thoroughly crushing the lumps, first add a small amount of water until a homogeneous mushy mass is obtained. After this, the suspension is left to stand for 24 hours in a closed vessel. The upper settled clarified layer is drained and used for disinfection.

Note: if the bleach is stale, then the active chlorine content in it is first determined (in percent).

Explanation for table No. 6. The upper horizontal line with numbers from 20 to 32 shows the percentage of active chlorine in dry bleach. The numbers in any extreme column from 7 to 27 indicate how much bleach (kg) needs to be taken per 100 liters of water to obtain a solution with the required concentration of chlorine in it.

Example. It is necessary to prepare a solution containing 2% active chlorine. We look for the number 20 in the top row of the table. In the vertical column located under this number, we find a number close to 2. In in this case the number will be 2.00. Using the horizontal line opposite the number 2.00, we find the number in the leftmost column. It will be equal to 10. This means that to obtain 100 liters of a solution containing 20% ​​active chlorine, you need to take 10 kg of bleach.

The required amount of bleach is calculated according to the proportion:

X - 2 From

That is, to prepare 100 liters of bleach solution containing 2% active chlorine in the solution, you need to take 10 kg of bleach containing 20% ​​chlorine.

Sulfur-carbolic mixture.

A mixture is prepared from 3 parts of crude carbolic acid and 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid. Initially, carbolic acid is poured into the vessel, placed on snow or in cold water to cool, then carefully, in small portions with stirring, sulfuric acid is poured into it and left for 3-5 days before using the composition. During the first 24 hours, the mixture must be stirred periodically. In this case, it is necessary to protect your eyes, face and hands from contact with drops of the mixture. Aqueous solutions of the required concentration are prepared from this mixture.

In winter, 5-10% table salt can be added to the mixture; The freezing point of the mixture drops to minus 8-13°C.

Formaldehyde solution

A formaldehyde solution is prepared from formaldehyde containing 35-40% formaldehyde. To do this, the existing formaldehyde is first checked for the percentage of formaldehyde in it, and then the formaldehyde is diluted with water to the required concentration.

For example, the available formaldehyde contains 40% formaldehyde, but you need to prepare a 4% formaldehyde solution. The amount of formalin that needs to be taken to obtain the specified formaldehyde solution is determined by the proportion:

X - 4, from where X =

This means that to obtain a 4% formaldehyde solution, you need to take 10 ml of the existing 40% formaldehyde solution and 90 ml of water.

To obtain 100 liters of a 4% formaldehyde solution, you need to take 10 liters of 40% formaldehyde and 90 liters of water.

If formaldehyde is polymerized (contains a white precipitate), it should first be reduced (cleared) by heating to a boil.

Alkaline formaldehyde solution

For cooking alkaline solution formaldehyde containing 3% formaldehyde and 3% caustic soda, pre-dissolve (per 100 l) 3 kg of caustic soda in half the amount of water (50 l).

After this, the amount of formaldehyde contained in the available formaldehyde is determined.

If formalin contains, for example, 36% formaldehyde, then to obtain a solution containing 3% formaldehyde, you need to take 8.33 liters of formaldehyde, based on the proportion:

X - 3, from where X =

Then 8.33 liters of formalin are added to the prepared alkali solution and then water is added until the total amount of the solution is 100 liters.

If instead of crystalline sodium hydroxide one takes liquid technical caustic soda containing, for example, 38% alkali, then instead of 3 kg of crystalline sodium hydroxide one must take 7.9 kg of technical sodium hydroxide:

X - 3, from where X =

An alkaline solution of formaldehyde containing 2% formaldehyde and 1% sodium hydroxide is prepared in the same order, but in different concentrations: first dissolve 1 kg of sodium hydroxide (per 100 l) in 50 l of water, then add 5.5 l of formaldehyde ( containing in in this example 36% formaldehyde) and bring to 100 l.

Paraform solution

The drug is concentrated formalin containing at least 95% formaldehyde.

A solution of powdered formaldehyde is prepared in the usual manner. To obtain a solution of 1% concentration, take 1 part formaldehyde and 99 parts water. The water should be heated to 50-60°C, since the drug does not dissolve well in cold water.

Formalin-kerosene emulsion

Formalin-kerosene emulsion is prepared as follows. Weigh out the required amount of formalin according to calculation and stir it in a vessel with a small amount of kerosene. Then the rest of the kerosene is added in small portions and mixed thoroughly. Once a homogeneous liquid is obtained, hot water is added into the vessel in small portions with constant stirring until a homogeneous milky emulsion is obtained. A pre-measured amount of formaldehyde is added to the resulting emulsion. After shaking, a milky emulsion is formed, ready for use. The emulsion is applied after preliminary washing of the surfaces with hot lye.

To prepare, for example, 100 liters of emulsion, you need to take 10 liters of 40% formaldehyde, 10 liters of kerosene, 5 liters of creolin and 75 liters of water. Formalin must first be tested for formaldehyde content; the finished emulsion should contain 4% formaldehyde.

Soda ash solution

To prepare a soda ash solution, you must first determine the total alkalinity of the medium, i.e. Na2CO3 content. For example, the existing soda ash contains 90% Na2CO3, but you need to prepare a 10% soda ash solution. The amount of soda ash that must be taken to obtain the specified solution is determined from the proportion:

X - 10, from where X = = 11.1

This means that to obtain a 10% soda ash solution, you need to take 11.1 available soda ash and 88.9 ml of water.

Ash liquor

To prepare ash liquor, use ash that has been stored for no more than 9 months, sift it through a sieve and pour it into boiling water. Leaching of ash in water lasts 1 hour, counting from the beginning of boiling of water with ash. After boiling for an hour, the solution is allowed to settle. The top settled layer is used for disinfection. Ash liquor solutions are prepared based on the content of caustic alkalis in them. To obtain liquor containing 0.5% caustic alkalis, 1.5 kg will be wood ash or 2 kg of rye straw ash per 10 liters of water, and to obtain lye containing 1% caustic alkalis - 3 kg of wood or 4 kg of rye straw ash per 10 liters of water. The lye is suitable for disinfecting livestock yards in warm and dry seasons. Disinfect the premises with a solution of ash liquor containing 1% caustic alkalis at the rate of 1 l/m2 of area. It can be recommended as good detergent, for cleaning heavily contaminated objects and premises before disinfection, as well as for washing animals during the treatment of skin diseases - scabies, dermatitis, etc.

Peracetic acid preparation

To prepare the drug, take 4 parts of acetic anhydride, 1 part of 25-30% hydrogen peroxide (perhydrol) and 5 parts tap water. It is better to prepare the drug in the cold or irrigate the container for preparing the solution cold water. The exothermic reaction of the mixture components ends 1 hour after mixing. The result is a colorless preparation of peracetic acid, from which its working solutions are prepared.

The shelf life of the drug is 1 month when stored in a cool, dark place.

Activated chloramine solution

To obtain an activated solution of chloramine, a powder of ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride by weight equal to the amount of the drug taken in the solution is added to the solution of the required concentration as an activator one hour before use.

You cannot mix both powders (chloramine and ammonium salt) before preparing solutions, because in this case, chloramine decomposes and reduces its solubility in water.

When using ammonia as an activator, it is added 8 times less compared to the activated agent. To do this, use an aqueous solution of ammonia.

For example, to obtain an activated solution of chloramine, an aqueous or alcoholic solution of ammonia is added to a 12% solution (3% active chlorine) at the rate of 0.4% of the active substance.

Activated solutions cannot be prepared for future use.

The drug "PEMOS - 1"

The drug "Pemos -1" is a disinfectant that contains hydrogen peroxide (5-10%), lactic acid (1%), sulfonol (biolot, lotus) - 0.3% and tap water (up to 100%). In appearance, the drug is a yellowish-green transparent liquid with moderate foaming, with a slight odor, miscible with water in any ratio, and is incompatible with chlorine-containing disinfectants.

To prepare the drug in a clean container (glass, porcelain, ceramics, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel without traces of corrosion), pour in the required amount of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, mix the contents, leave for 1.5-2 hours, then add water to the required amount of working solution, mix and add sulfonol or other surfactant to the solution at the rate of 30 g per 10 liters of solution. The shelf life of the drug is 5 days from the date of preparation.

The amount of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid required to prepare the Pemos-1 working solution of the required concentration is determined taking into account the content of the active substance in them according to the formula:

where X is the amount of perhydrol or lactic acid, l; a - the required concentration of hydrogen peroxide or lactic acid in the preparation; b - required amount of working solution, l; c is the content of the active substance in the perhydrol or lactic acid used, %.

Anolyte solution

To prepare anolyte, use a 1% solution of table salt (sodium chloride). Anolyte is obtained as a product of unipolar electrochemical activation in diaphragm electrolyzers (Ekomed - M, UDEZH - F, etc.). The amount of active chlorine in anolyte is determined by the method for determining active chlorine in chlorine-containing preparations.

Conclusion

veterinary disinfection solution preparation

For disinfection, drugs are used that differ in their mechanism of action. The most commonly used oxidizing agents are halogens, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), alcohols, aldehydes and yar.

It must be understood that disinfection measures are of great importance in the fight against infectious diseases, but their effect is most often manifested in combination with other measures taken.

In hospital conditions, sterilization measures, i.e., the complete destruction of pathogens at various facilities (a set of aseptic and antiseptic measures), are the main ones for the prevention of purulent-septic infections.

List of used literature

Dudnitsky I.A. Disinfection quality control. - Veterinary Medicine, No. 9, 1991. - P. 8-10.

Kirpichenok V.A., Yatusevich A.I., Goridovets V.U. Handbook of veterinary disinfection. - Mn.: Urajai, 1991 - and P. 151.

Korzhevenko G.N., Mkrtumyan A.V., Burkov V.I. and others. Domestic disinfection technology - into veterinary practice - Veterinary Science, No. 12, 2001. - P. 10-12.

Krupalnik V.V. The use of the drug "Pemos-1" in the form of foam for the disinfection of livestock and poultry premises: abstract of thesis. veterinary candidate Sci. - Shchelkovo: 2004. - P. 28.

Krupalnik V.L., Popov N.I., Vasenko S.V. Veterinary sanitation (textbook) - M.: MGAVMiB, 2005. - P. 135.

Polyakov A.A. Veterinary disinfection. - M.: Kolos, 1975.

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The preparation of disinfectant solutions is carried out by a specially trained person - a disinfector. Preparation is carried out in a well-ventilated area using special clothing, rubber gloves, sealed goggles and a four-layer gauze bandage. Store disinfectants in places inaccessible to children and persons not involved in disinfection. Containers with disinfectants must have tight-fitting lids and be labeled. Each container must have a label indicating the name, concentration, as well as the date of preparation, expiration date, and the name of the person who prepared the solution. The supply of disinfectants is stored in a dry, dark place, a cool room under lock and key. If disinfectants come into contact with eyes or mucous membranes, rinse running water. After using the solution, wash your hands with soap and apply any cream.

RULES FOR PREPARATION OF DISINFECTING CHLORINE SOLUTIONS

EQUIPMENT: containers or enamel containers (glass) with tightly sealed lids, wooden sticks, measuring spoons, water, measuring cup, disinfectant

SUBSEQUENCE preparing a working disinfectant:

1. Pour the required amount of water into a measuring cup.

2. Pour 1/3 of water into the container (container) to the specified amount.

3. Pour (pour) the required amount of disinfectant.

4. Stir the solution.

5. Add the rest of the water and mix the solution again. Close the lid tightly.

6. Label the container, indicate on the tag: date of preparation, expiration date, name of the disinfectant, its %, signature of the preparer.

1. Prepare a stock solution of bleach: dilute 1 kg of dry bleach in 9 liters cold water(bucket), (bleach is crushed with a wooden spatula). Label the dishes.

2. Leave the mixture for 24 hours, stir 2-3 times.

3. Pour the resulting solution into a dark bottle, closed with a stopper (this is a 10% clarified bleach solution, which can be stored for 5-7 days in a dark place). The dishes are marked accordingly.

4.If necessary, prepare a working solution of bleach of the required concentration:

0.1% - 100 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.9 l H 2 O

0.2% - 200 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.8 l H 2 O

0.5% - 500 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.5 l of H 2 O

1% - 1 liter of 10% bleach solution per 9.0 l H 2 O

2% - 2 l of 10% bleach solution per 8 l of H 2 O

Chloramine solutions:

The working solution is prepared immediately before use:

1% - 10 g chloramine + 990 ml water

3% - 30 g chloramine + 970 ml water

5% - 50 g chloramine + 950 ml water

0.5% - 5 g of chloramine + 995 ml of water.

Make a record of the manipulation performed. Carry out infection safety measures.

Preparation of disinfectant solutions in accordance with the requirements of the instructions for use of the manufacturer's disinfectant used

General information. Disinfection of medical devices using a chemical method (on surfaces, as well as in their channels and cavities) is carried out in order to destroy pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms: viruses (including pathogens of parenteral viral hepatitis, HIV infection), vegetative bacteria (including mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungi (including fungi of the genus Candida). All products must be disinfected after use on patients. After disinfection, the products are washed with tap water, dried and used for their intended purpose or (if indicated) subjected to pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization. For disinfection, drugs are used that are approved for use by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus and if there are approved instructions for their use.

Indications: disinfection of medical instruments, care items, equipment, surfaces, etc.

Workplace equipment:

- personal protective equipment: a) waterproof apron; b) gloves; c) mask; d) safety glasses;

Manipulation table; - container with lid; - disinfectant;

Wooden stick; - measuring containers for bulk substances and solutions;

Running water; - tag;

Instructions for use of disinfectant, pen

Preparatory stage of performing the manipulation.

1.Remove all jewelry from your hands (rings, watches).

2. Carry out hygienic hand antiseptics, wear:

Apron, gloves, mask, safety glasses.

The main stage of the manipulation.

3. Measure out the required amount of disinfectant in a measuring cup.

4. Preparation of solutions is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Preparation of solutions (per 1 liter)

5. Pour (pour) the disinfectant into a marked container and add water to 1 liter.

6. Stir the solution.

7. Close the lid.

8. Fill out the label: indicate the name of the disinfectant solution, concentration, exposure, date and time of preparation, and sign.

9. Remove personal protective equipment, wash your hands, perform hygienic hand antiseptics.

Note: Working solutions of disinfectants with a cleaning effect are prepared by adding concentrate to water (to avoid the formation of excessive foam).

Disinfection of used medical instruments (single and multiple use), medical devices (hereinafter referred to as medical devices), dressings, care items, surfaces according to regimes taking into account exposure time

The wiping method is recommended for products and their parts that are not in direct contact with the patient. The method of wiping twice with a calico napkin or gauze soaked in a disinfectant solution can be used. It is not recommended to use products containing aldehydes or formaldehyde using the wiping method to avoid toxic side effects for personnel. The disadvantage of many products from these groups is their ability to fix organic contaminants on the surface and in the channels of products. To avoid this, the product must first be washed from contamination in compliance with anti-epidemic measures, and then disinfected.

At the end of the disinfection period, the products are washed with running water and used for their intended purpose or subjected to further pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization.

In order to prevent the development of resistance of microorganisms circulating in healthcare facilities to disinfectants, it is recommended to periodically (at least once a quarter) alternate preparations, which should contain different active ingredients.

(from powders, tablets and concentrate solutions)"

Target: prevention of HAIs.

Indications: carrying out disinfection.

Contraindications: individual intolerance to disinfectant.

Equipment: overalls (robe, cap); personal protective equipment (mask (respirator), gloves, goggles) depending on the instructions for preparing the drug solution; disinfectant (powder or tablets or concentrate solution); instructions (guidelines) for the preparation, measuring containers, labeled container for disinfectant solution, tap water.

Manipulation algorithm:

Stages	Rationale
1. Preparation for the procedure
1.1. Read the instructions for preparing the disinfectant solution (if necessary, calculate the amount of disinfectant and water).	Ensuring the accuracy of the solution concentration and compliance with safety regulations.
1.2. Wear protective clothing and protective equipment.
1.3. Prepare a labeled container (container with a lid), disinfectant and, if necessary, measuring containers.
2. Execution of the procedure
2.1. Measure out the required amount of disinfectant using a measuring container or count out the required number of tablets.	Ensuring the accuracy of solution concentration.
2.2. Pour some of the required amount of water into the container.
2.3. Place the disinfectant in the container.
2.4. Mix the solution using a perforated tray.
2.5. Add water to the required volume mark in the container, using the graduation markings on the wall of the pan.
2.6. Mix the solution using a perforated tray.
2.7. Close the container with a lid.	Compliance with the requirements for the conditions of storage and use of the disinfectant solution.
2.8. Fill out the tag.
3. End of the procedure
3.1. Remove personal protective equipment.	Compliance with safety precautions when working with disinfectants.
3.2. Wash and dry your hands.
Note: when preparing disinfectant solutions in glass or enamel containers without graduation, add water using measuring containers for water or prepare a solution in a liter jar and pour it into the container; A glass rod is used to stir the solutions.

Manipulation No. 7

“Preparation of solutions of chloramine and bleach”

Preparation of chloramine solutions.

Chloramine is a white crystalline powder containing 25-29% active chlorine. Release form: packages of 100, 200, 300 grams. Chloramine is prepared by mixing the powder with tap water. The shelf life of unused solution is no more than 15 days. The solution is used for disinfection once. Methods of disinfection: wiping (one or two times), immersion (soaking), irrigation (one or two times).

Note:

exposure time for disinfection of instruments - 60 minutes, the rest - according to the instructions;

To prepare activated solutions of chloramine, a solution of ammonia is used.