In devices of the type in question (Fig. 5.1, A) each connection

generally contains a switch and two disconnectors - bus and

linear. Switches, as is known, serve for non-automatic and automatic

ical disconnection and inclusion of connections. Disconnectors are required for

insulation of devices and connections during their repair from adjacent parts

systems under voltage.

Fig.5.1. Schematic diagram Switchgear with one busbar system.

A- tires are not sectioned; b- sectional buses; V- sectional buses and

bypass device.

The term "isolation" should be understood as creating a visible circuit break in

air that ensures safety for people. So, for example, when repairing

switch of any connection, it must be isolated from the collection

buses and from the network, since the line disconnected from the side energy source,

may remain switched on from the opposite end. Only in private

cases where the possibility of supplying voltage from the opposite end

excluded, line disconnectors may be missing. This applies to

example, to connections of two-winding transformers, since repair

switch is made with the transformer turned off on the side

high and low voltage. In generator connections, linear

disconnectors are also usually not provided.

In the scheme under consideration, operations with disconnectors are only allowed

when the switch of the corresponding connection is turned off. The clarity of this

requirements and simplicity of the control system practically eliminate erroneous operations with

disconnectors. However, interlocking devices are provided

preventing incorrect operations.

The advantage of the scheme under consideration with one busbar system

lies in its exceptional simplicity and, therefore, low cost.

Its disadvantages are the following:

Preventive repair of busbars and busbar disconnectors is associated

with the entire device turned off during repairs;

Repair of switches and line disconnectors involves disconnecting

corresponding connections, which is undesirable, and in some cases

unacceptable;

A short circuit in the busbar area leads to a complete shutdown

The same applies in case of external short circuit and failure

switch for the corresponding connection.

The listed disadvantages can be partially eliminated using

the following optional devices. The given costs

increase. To avoid complete shutdown of the switchgear during a fault in the zone

busbars and ensure the possibility of their repair in parts, resort to

sectioning busbars, i.e. dividing them into parts - sections with

installation of switches, normally closed or normally closed, at the dividing points

open, depending on the goal being pursued. These switches are called

sectional. Relatively rare devices, busbars

which are sectioned through disconnectors, closed or open when

normal work. Partitioning must be done so that each

section had energy sources (generators, transformers) and corresponding

bearing load (Fig. 5.1, 6 ). Connections are distributed between sections with the following

calculation so that the forced shutdown of one section is not possible

disrupted the operation of the system and power supply to consumers. Number of sections

depends on the number and power of energy sources, voltage, network diagram and

installation mode. In a switchgear with a large number of sections, the busbars are closed in

At stations, sectional switches during normal operation, as a rule,

closed because the generators must operate in parallel. In case of short circuit V

In the busbar area, the damaged section is switched off automatically. Rest

sections remain in operation. So partitioning through is ok

closed switches help to increase the reliability of the switchgear and

electrical installations in general. Note, however, that in the case of a short circuit in a sectional

switch, two adjacent sections are subject to disconnection, therefore, in

In devices with two sections, a complete shutdown is not excluded, although

its likelihood is relatively low.

In low voltage switchgear of 6-10 kV substations there are sectional switches,

as a rule, they are open in order to limit the short-circuit current. Switches supply

devices automatic switching on backup power supply (AVR), circuit-

switches in the event of a transformer shutdown, so as not to disturb

power supply to consumers.

To ensure the possibility of sequential repair of switches, do not

disrupting the operation of the corresponding circuits, provide (mainly in

RU 110-220 kV) bypass switches and bypass bus system with corresponding

with disconnectors in each connection (Fig. 5.1, V). At

normal operation of the installation, bypass disconnectors and bypass switches

disabled. Replacing the operating switch with a bypass switch is carried out as follows:

OK: turn on the bypass switch to ensure proper operation

bypass system; turn off the bypass switch; include bypass

disconnector of the connection being repaired; turn on the bypass again

switch; disconnect the circuit breaker to be repaired and the corresponding

disconnectors. Circuit protection during repairs is carried out bypassing

a switch equipped with an appropriate relay protection kit.

In devices with sectional busbars and bypass

bus system (Fig. 5.1, V), strictly speaking, two workarounds are needed

switch. However, in order to save money, they are often limited to one

switch with two busbar disconnectors, with which

the bypass switch can be connected to one or another section

busbars

Switchgears with one partitioned system

busbars are used at stations and substations at nominal

voltages up to 220 kV inclusive. The main condition for the use of this

circuit is the presence of sufficient reserve in energy sources and lines and,

therefore, the possibility of short-term shutdown of one of the sections without

disruption of the electrical installation as a whole. Similar devices, but with ob-

running bus system, used with a limited number of connections in

as medium voltage devices 110-220 kV stations and substations.__

busbar section- Part of the busbar system, separated from its other part by a switching device [GOST 24291-90] Topics: power supply in general...

busbar section (system)- 44 section (busbar system) Part of the busbar system, separated from its other part by a switching device 605 02 08* de Sammelschienenabschnitt en busbar sectior fr troncon d’un jeu de barres Source: GOST 24291 90: Electrical part... ...

GOST 28668.1-91 E: Low-voltage complete distribution and control devices. Part 2. Particular requirements for busbar systems (busbar trunking)- Terminology GOST 28668.1 91 E: Low-voltage complete distribution and control devices. Part 2. Particular requirements for busbar systems (busbars) original document: 2.3.11. Flexible section of busbar trunking section with conductors and... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

GOST 28668.1-91: Low-voltage complete distribution and control devices. Part 2. Particular requirements for busbar systems (busbar trunking)- Terminology GOST 28668.1 91: Low-voltage complete distribution and control devices. Part 2. Particular requirements for busbar systems (busbars) original document: 2.3.11. Flexible section of busbar trunking section with conductors and... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

tire section- Part of a busbar system separated from another part by a switching device. [GOST 24291 90] EN busbar section the part of a busbar located between two switching devices (or disconnector(s) put in series or between a switching device and… … Technical Translator's Guide

section- 99 section Assembly unit part of the boom, mast. Note If there are composite sections, each component part is usually designated by a digital index, for example, A1, A2 (lower section); B1, B2 (intermediate section), etc. Source: GOST R... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

transition section- 3.5.4 transition section: A shaped section of a cable tray or cable ladder designed to connect sections with different widths grounds. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Busbar transition section- 2.3.8. Transition section of a busbar is a section designed to connect two sections of the same line, but of different types or with different rated current values. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

GOST 24291-90: Electrical part of a power plant and electrical network. Terms and Definitions- Terminology GOST 24291 90: Electrical part of the power plant and electrical network. Terms and definitions original document: 4 (electrical) substation; PS Electrical installation designed for receiving, converting and distributing... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

STO Gazprom 2-2.3-141-2007: Energy management of OJSC Gazprom. Terms and Definitions- Terminology STO Gazprom 2 2.3 141 2007: Energy management of OJSC Gazprom. Terms and definitions: 3.1.31 subscriber of the energy supplying organization: Consumer electrical energy(heat), power plants of which are connected to networks... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

A feature of the scheme is the sectioning of busbars and the use of busbar disconnectors 2 as operational devices. The scheme provides for the removal for repair of any overhead line connection switch and transformers due to the existence of a bypass bus system (OSB) and a bypass bus system (OB) switch. Voltage measuring transformers 6, shown in Fig., are connected to the busbars 11. 8.1.

In the future, on subsequent filling diagrams, voltage measuring transformers 6 may not be shown, although they constitute a necessary accessory of the switchgear. Similar changes have occurred in the high-frequency blocking (HF) system in the phases of 110-750 kV lines: HF blocking is not shown on all filling diagrams, although it is a necessary accessory for overhead lines.

Rice. 8.1. Double sectional busbar system with bypass busbar

Expansion of the circuit is possible by increasing the number of cells. Difficulties are noted in implementing interlocks against incorrect actions with busbar disconnectors 2.

This scheme has become widespread in the main schemes power stations thanks to good performance n for joining. Widely used for modern stations with units high power– as outdoor switchgear-SN at voltages of 500/220 kV and 330/110 kV and 220/110 kV.

In relation to the filling scheme in Fig. 8.1 we determine the number of switches per connection:

n = switches for connection.

Such a significant increase in the indicator n above the value of 1.0 is explained by the installation of additional switches: sectional (C), bus connecting (SHSV) and bypass (OB) on each of the bus systems. With more connections n will tend to 1.0. These circuits are widely used in traditional power engineering using air and oil circuit breakers.

The emergence of high-power units (units on SKD with a capacity of 300, 500 and 800 MW, NPP units with reactors of 1000 and 1200 MW, hydroelectric power stations with units with a capacity of up to 640 MW) required a change in the approach to the main electrical connection diagrams. Reduce dimensions distribution devices, replace air-type and oil switches with more advanced SF6 switches and move on to the creation of complete gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). Considering high reliability gas-insulated switchgears, the latter are carried out according to simplified main circuits, that is, with the abandonment of the bypass bus system (OSB), the sectioning of busbars and the bypass bus system switches.

A double busbar system with a bypass busbar system is used at voltages of 110-220 kV when it is necessary to repair switches and busbars without interrupting the power supply to connections.

Ring circuits

An example of a ring circuit in Fig. 8.2 is depicted according to the work of JSC Lenhydroproekt, which is the general designer of the Bureyskaya HPP, located in the Amur region on the river. More stormy. The hydroelectric power station has six hydro generators with a capacity of 335 MW, operating through step-up transformers to 220 and 500 kV switchgears.

Rice. 8.2. Main diagram of the Bureyskaya HPP

The first and second generators provide power to the 220 kV system in two high voltage lines through a switchgear built according to the “double busbar system with bypass busbar system” scheme.

The remaining four generators, consisting of two double blocks, operate on a 500 kV network, communication with which is carried out via three 500 kV overhead lines with closed connection of shunt reactors.

The 500 kV switchgear is built according to a hexagon diagram with a single-row installation of switches. With a “hexagon”, and with a different number of angles (triangle, quadrangle, pentagon), the smallest possible number of switches is ensured. Features of the 500 kV circuit are: selective shutdown in the event of a fault at the connection and the need to keep the “hexagon” closed, which is achieved due to the presence of an output connection disconnector.

The 500 kV switchgear is made in the form of switchgear manufactured by the ABB concern (Switzerland). For the first time in domestic practice, a gas-insulated switchgear was used instead of the originally envisaged 500 kV outdoor switchgear according to the 3/2 scheme.

With the 500 kV switchgear, two enlarged blocks are connected by high-voltage 500 kV cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation instead of air passages with its laying in cable tunnel in the mine, previously designed to connect 220 and 500 kV switchgears with the hydroelectric power station building. Carrying out these transitions according to the original design scheme interfered with the progress construction work. As a result, the commissioning of 500 kV units according to the original design scheme could only be carried out after the construction of permanent pressure conduits and the completion of work on the dam. In domestic practice, the use of 500 kV cable with dry insulation was carried out for the first time.

The 220 and 500 kV switchgears are connected through a group of single-phase autotransformers with 167 MVA per phase.

Index n= 1.0 regardless of the number of corners of the polygon.

Page 2 of 7

I. DIAGRAMS OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS OF BUS BAR 6-10 kV THERMAL POWER PLANTS
6-10 kV busbars are the main element of the generator voltage switchgear, which is usually built at combined heat and power plants (CHPs). They are designed to receive electricity coming from generators, communication transformers, and distribute it between cable or overhead consumer lines extending from these buses. Reliability and uninterrupted power supply to consumers largely depend on the reliability of busbars.
At a CHP generator voltage of 6-10 kV, the following primary electrical connection schemes are usually used:

1. single sectional busbar system;
2. double sectioned busbar system with one switch per circuit (only the operating busbar system is sectioned).

Both of these schemes can be performed in two modifications:
a) a straight-line diagram with the number of sections from two to three;
b) “ring” scheme with more than three sections.

According to the conditions of electrodynamic resistance of electrical equipment, it is currently envisaged to connect to each section of the busbars a generator with a power of no more than 63 MW at a generator voltage of 6 kV, and at a voltage of 10 kV - no more than one generator with a power of 100 MW or two generators with a power of 63 MW each. This limits the level of short circuit currents on busbars of 6-10 kV. In addition, to further limit the level of short-circuit currents in the event of faults on busbars, in the generator circuit and in the network, sectional reactors are installed on the busbars. Communication with the power system is usually carried out using two-winding or three-winding communication transformers, winding high voltage which are connected to busbars with voltages of 35 kV and higher.

Single sectional busbar system.

In Fig. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the primary connections of power plants with one 6 kV busbar system, consisting of three sections connected using series-connected circuit breakers and sectional reactors.
The connection of each connection (generator, transformer, line) to the busbars is made through switches and bus disconnectors. Disconnectors are designed to create a visible circuit break during repair work and are not operational elements. Operations with disconnectors are allowed only when the connection switch is turned off, for which special blocking circuits are provided.

Sectioning of busbars using sectional switches (SB) is carried out in such a way that each section has power sources (generators, transformers) and a corresponding load. Connections must be distributed between sections so that if one of the busbar sections fails, responsible consumers continue to receive power from the section that remains in operation. Due to the fact that generators operate in parallel in power plants, sectional switches are turned on during normal operation.
In the event of a short circuit in a busbar section, the damaged section is de-energized by disconnecting the power elements and sectional switches after the corresponding relay protection has been activated, and the undamaged sections remain in operation.
In Fig. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a busbar with three sections and two sectional reactors. The load between sections of busbars is usually distributed evenly, therefore, in normal mode, an insignificant current passes through the sectional reactor, the power and energy losses in it are small, and the voltages on the sections are approximately the same. To equalize the voltage on the sections of the busbars and improve the conditions for powering the load when the supply elements are disconnected, the circuit provides disconnectors that shunt the sectional reactors in one of the sections. Shunting of sectional reactors is allowed in cases where after this the calculated level of short-circuit currents does not exceed that permissible for electrical equipment.
Line reactors are used to limit short-circuit current in case of faults on outgoing cable lines. In addition, they help maintain residual voltage on the busbars of the power plant, which increases the stability of parallel operation of generators and the reliability of power supply to consumers. If it is necessary to significantly limit the short-circuit current in the network, reactors are installed in each cable line. However, it is allowed to connect two or more to one reactor cable lines one or different consumers. In the latter case, each cable line must be connected through a separate disconnector.
If the station buses must be connected a large number of cable lines, as a rule, group reaction is used. At the same time, the design of the switchgear reduces the cost, reduces the number of connections to busbars, and increases the reliability of the electrical installation as a whole. However, in a circuit with group reactors, a short circuit on one of the lines leads to a decrease in voltage on all lines connected to the same cable assembly.
In Fig. Figure 1 shows a 6 kV switchgear with the following circuit for connecting elements of outgoing lines: buses - switch - reactor - line. This scheme has been used at a number of power plants with generators with a capacity of less than 63 MW. In this case, the switch is not designed to disconnect a short circuit before the reactor.


Rice. 2. Electrical connection diagram of a single 10 kV bus system
Nutrition own needs(MV) power plants are produced here from single reacted 6 kV MV lines. They are connected to busbars in the same way as consumer lines.
In Fig. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the primary connections of a power plant with a single sectionalized 10 kV busbar system. It is distinguished by the absence of reacted 6 kV MV lines and the presence of a 10/6 kV MV transformer (TSN).
The diagram for connecting elements of outgoing consumer lines (buses - reactor - switch - line) shown in Fig. 2 is usually used at a voltage of 6-10 kV at power plants with generators with a capacity of 63-100 MW. To increase the reliability of power supply to consumers powered by 6-10 kV busbars, complete 6-10 kV switchgears are used, which make it possible to quickly replace the cell when repairing a circuit breaker. The power interruption time for responsible consumers may be minimal.
The number of sections in a PV depends on the number and power of power supplies. With a single sectional bus system with a rectilinear circuit, the sectional reactors are selected according to the rated current in such a way that when the generator goes out of operation on one of the outer sections, it can be supplied with power corresponding to the load of this section. Since it is usually less than the power of the generator, the rated current of a sectional reactor is usually taken equal to 60-80% of the rated current of the generator (generators) of this section.

Rice. 3. Electrical connection diagram of a single 10 kV bus system connected in a “ring”
When the number of sections is greater than three, in order to avoid power flows along the busbars and to create the same operating conditions for the outer and middle sections, a single sectional busbar system, as indicated above, is closed in a ring.
In Fig. Figure 3 shows a diagram of a power plant with busbars connected in a “ring”. The buses here are sectioned into four parts - according to the number of installed generators. The outer sections I and IV are connected to each other using a switch and a sectional reactor and form a closed ring. In normal mode, all section switches are turned on and the generators operate in parallel. Communication transformers are connected symmetrically to sections / and ///. Sectional reactors are designed to power the section load in the event of failure of any supply element. The rated current of sectional reactors in a “ring” circuit is taken equal to 50-60% of the rated current of the generator.
The considered circuit has the following advantages compared to a straight-line circuit: 1) in the event of a short circuit on any bus section, two section switches associated with this section are turned off, and the damaged section is separated from the undamaged ones; at the same time, the parallel operation of individual generators is not disrupted; 2) the circuit is symmetrical with respect to short-circuit currents, since in case of short circuits in any of the sections, the short-circuit currents are the same; 3) when one of the generators is turned off, the load connected to its section is powered from other generators on both sides, which creates a smaller voltage difference in adjacent sections and makes it possible to select sectional reactors of lower bandwidth than with a straight-line diagram. However, installing an additional sectional switch and reactor and creating a jumper between the outer sections requires corresponding costs.
The schemes discussed above with one partitioned bus system (Fig. 1-3) are simple, intuitive and inexpensive. The disadvantages of the schemes include a decrease in the reliability of power supply to consumers during repairs of busbars and bus disconnectors and in the event of damage to one of the sections of busbars, since in this case non-responsible consumers (powered by one line) lose _ power, and responsible consumers (who have power from different sections) are powered by one circuit. However, despite these disadvantages, schemes with a single sectionalized bus system are widely used at stations of small and medium power with the number of connections per section up to six to eight. For a larger number of connections, schemes with two busbar systems are used.

Double sectioned bus system.

In Fig. Figure 4 shows the primary circuit of a power plant with two busbar systems (working and backup). The working bus system (SB), as in schemes with a single bus system, is partitioned, and the backup bus system, as a rule, is not partitioned. In addition to sectional switches, which are turned on during normal operation, each section is also equipped with bus connecting switches (BSB), which are turned off in normal mode. Each connection is connected to the busbars through a fork of two disconnectors, one of which is normally disconnected.
A scheme with two busbar systems allows:

1. repair busbars one by one without interrupting the operation of the station and without disrupting the power supply to consumers;
2. repair any bus disconnector, disconnecting only one connection (the remaining connections are transferred to another bus system);
3. quickly restore the operation of the station in the event of damage to a section (consumers lose power only for the time necessary for the operating personnel to switch the corresponding connections to the backup bus system).

Rice. 4. Electrical connection diagram for 6 kV double busbar system
This system is used with a large number of connections per section, especially in cases where consumers are fed via non-redundant lines.
Bus coupling switches are used to transfer any connections from one bus system to another without disconnecting them, as well as to replace, if necessary, any of the switches connected to the buses. In addition, the presence of the ShSV makes it possible to avoid installing disconnectors that shunt sectional reactors.
Operations for transferring connections from one section of busbars to another, as well as when repairing busbars and 6-10 kV equipment must be carried out in a certain order. Let us consider, for example, the order of operations when removing a section of a working bus system for repair. In this case, it is necessary to transfer all connections of this section from the working
to a redundant bus system. To do this, first of all, you need to check the serviceability of the latter, i.e., test it, which is usually done using the ShSV, less often - using a sectional switch. By turning on the busbar, the backup bus system is energized, and if there is a short circuit on the backup bus system, the busbar is disconnected from the relay protection devices.
Currently, the backup bus system is being tested using the bus protection of the corresponding section. If the backup bus system is in working order, they begin to alternately transfer the section connections from the working to the backup bus system, for which they turn on the bus disconnector of the backup bus system of the transferred connection and then turn off the bus disconnector of the working bus system of the same connection. This operation is safe for personnel, since when the ShSV is turned on, the knives and fixed contacts of the disconnectors are under the same voltage. In order to avoid interruption of the load current by the load current disconnector when transferring a connection, a lock is provided that prohibits the disconnection of one of the disconnectors when the second disconnector of this circuit is turned off, if the switch of this connection is turned on. Upon completion of the transfer of all circuits (consumers, power supplies and sectional switches) to the backup bus system, the bus switch and its disconnector are disconnected from the side of the section being removed for repair. It should be noted that before starting the transfer of connections from one bus system to another, it is necessary to first remove the operational current from the SSV and remove its protection from action.
In addition to the above advantages, the considered scheme also has disadvantages, the main one of which is the use of busbar disconnectors as operational elements, which, despite the presence of blockages, can lead to short circuit on tires due to erroneous actions of personnel. The disadvantages of the scheme are also the increase in the number of bus disconnectors and the complication of the design of the switchgear.
As in schemes with a single partitioned bus system, when the number of sections is greater than three, the working partitioned bus system is closed into a ring.
Double sectional busbar system with fixed distribution of connections. In Fig. Figure 5 shows a diagram of a 10 kV double bus system. This circuit is used to reliably power the power plant’s own needs.

Rice. 5. Electrical connection diagram of a double 10 kV bus system with fixed connection distribution

The generator and all outgoing consumer lines, as well as the working auxiliary transformer (and at a voltage of 6 kV - the auxiliary power line) are connected to the working bus system, and the connection transformer with the system and the backup auxiliary power source - a transformer or line. The bus coupling switch of one working section is turned on in normal mode, and both bus systems are energized, and the busbar switches of other sections are turned off.
Selective shutdown during a short circuit of only the damaged bus system (working or backup) is provided by special relay protection circuits.

First, you need to understand what a bus system and bus sections are separately, and then understand how a bus system differs from a bus section. At first glance, it seems that it is not difficult to find explanations for all the specialized terms, but it is much more difficult to understand the exceptions to the rules or the multifaceted use of busbar trunking different types and categories. In this article we will try to recognize how a bus system differs from a bus section, in more detail, focusing on the main specifications and ranges of possibilities.

What is a bus system and why can there be confusion when identifying a power cable?

Initially, we will use the definition of “bus system” from the technical literature and understand that this concept means a special set of elements. These elements can be interconnected to form a functional power system. Absolutely all elements are connected to electrical distribution devices, and therefore are able to function uninterruptedly and as intended.

Important to remember! All existing switchgears at substations differ in nominal, that is, specified in technical documents, voltage level, as well as a certain power of generators and transformers. Each created network is designed for a certain power, operating mode and number of objects served.

And if, for example, a potential customer needs to use switchgear with one bus system to implement a project, then the power equipment itself will contain a switch and two disconnectors. One is bus, and the second is linear.

Among specialists, a synonym has been introduced for the concept of “busbar system” – “busbars”. And if a conversation comes up about them, then everyone understands that we are talking about a standard device, which is a well-thought-out system of busbars. And all elements of the system are fixed on special supports, while being protected insulating material or special external boxes. Their installation takes place in specially designated rooms and technical corridors. The primary task of a busbar system or busbar system is to form an energy channel with the uninterrupted supply of the necessary power impulses to existing objects and branch lines.

Bus systems are necessarily tested before operation, that is, developers and manufacturers always routinely conduct type tests of bus systems and bus sections, and there is no difference in this.

If you plan to create outgoing connections to the bus system, then taps are used, through which new elements are powered.

What is a double bus system and how is it formed by specialists?

Initially, imagine that specialists have created a bus system and it is functioning successfully. Then the need arises to expand the project and increase the power supply. Then experts can advise the customer to create a double bus system. It is usually created to provide redundancy for one bus system.

To install and complete a harmonious system, disconnectors, switches are used, additional switches organically complement the existing connections from the first system.

Sometimes it happens that in a dual system, one of the bus systems is made working, and the second - backup, that is, auxiliary, emergency, spare, in case it is necessary to increase the voltage supply, to resume the pulse supply. But most often at power substations, switching or connection of electrical circuits occurs in parallel, that is, one bus system is formed for some connections, and the second serves other areas.

What is a bus bypass system or how to live without force majeure situations?

Let's imagine a situation where one of the circuits was damaged or failures were noticed in the bus section, and the operation of the entire system was disrupted. The power equipment can no longer function normally, so it is necessary to carry out repair and maintenance work and perform circuit diagnostics. And in such force majeure cases, during the operation of bus sections and bus systems, the owners of objects with a bypass bus system remain the winner. What are its advantages?

• The bypass bus system ensures normal switching at substations when several systems are connected to switchgears, which operate either simultaneously or alternately.
• The bypass bus system provides adequate protection for bus sections and allows the system to be put into repair mode. This means that when one of the systems is switched off or fails, the backup connection is activated at the substation, that is, the bypass bus system comes into effect.
• The bypass bus system transfers into reserve not the existing two busbar systems, but the standard switches of any of the existing connections. And this is made possible by clever connections of the bypass system to each connection via a disconnector.

Thus, it becomes clearer what a bus system is. This concept is broad in the power system, since there are several types and types of bus systems, and all of them can be sectioned, that is, divided into sections of switchgear buses. And this property is very important and useful, since with bus segmentation it is possible to provide the substation with greater reliability. And when the degree of partitioning of the NKU is such that it makes it possible to isolate the damaged area in the bus system, carry out renovation work, while leaving part of the connections in operation.

What are busbar sections and how important are they for the functioning of busbar trunking?

In the technical literature there is a definition of “bus sections”, and it reads as follows: bus sections are certain parts of the bus system, separated from each other by switching devices. The existing GOSTs state Various types sectioning. And most often there are six standard forms partitioning, namely:

1. Bus systems without internal separation, when the main bus, input and output functional blocks, distribution buses function as one system, are not divided into blocks by partitions or barriers.
2. Busbar systems with separation of busbars and functional units, but the terminals for external conductors from the busbars are not separated by barriers made of metal or plastic.
3. Segmentation of buses and functional units with clamps of external conductors.
4. Separation of functional units from each other, as well as from existing buses. Additionally, barriers separate the terminals of external conductors from the blocks, but they remain connected to the buses.
5. Separation of all functional units present in the system from each other, as well as from the buses. The terminals of external conductors are located in one block, therefore they are separated from both busbars and functional units. With this segmentation, it is easy to test the busbar section, repair it and put it into operation.
6. Bus system, when functional units are located in the same compartment with the terminals of external conductors.

Thus, there are six types of segmentation when they appear different variants insulation and interaction of the main bus, functional blocks, distribution buses, terminals for outgoing conductors. With any configuration, the tire system is operational.

Why is it recommended to perform tire segmentation and why can’t you do without it?

Partitions or metal barriers are used to separate the main elements of the bus system. They are necessary to increase the safety of personnel who service the power system and to localize unwanted processes.

With correct segmentation, repair work will not stop the process; all forms of partitioning of the switchgear allow everything to be restored quickly, without stopping the system.

Thus, the bypass bus section allows you to create a decent functioning busbar system that is easy to install and maintain, that is, carry out technical inspections, testing, and repair work on time. As a result, it becomes clear that a bus system is a set of busbars, which, for optimization, are best segmented in order to improve the process of supplying an energy pulse when servicing several power lines or objects.