Created specifically for relaxation. The location on the seashore determined the main task of the designers: to let sea freshness and endless space into the room. The result is a studio open to the sun, breeze and air filled with the aromas of the sea and coniferous plants.
Combines the kitchen, living room, dining area and hall into a single whole. Only the master bedroom with a large dressing room is fenced off. The view of the sea from the doorstep is unobstructed.
Color
For coastal cities White color- tradition. It helps to reflect the sun's rays and avoid strong heating; it also allows you to make the room as bright as possible, which is especially important in in this case, because apartment interior in minimalist style was thought out taking into account the fact that it faces the eastern side, and the sun is here only in the morning hours.
As an additional modern design apartment interior beige and gray shades are used. Moreover, gray has its own secret: the structure of the paint is metallized, because of this, the surfaces covered with it look voluminous, all the surrounding colors are reflected in them, and gather into multi-colored highlights, painting the space with bright flashes. Beige tones in the bedroom create an intimate atmosphere and add additional comfort.
Furniture
Decor apartment interior in minimalist style involves the use of only the most necessary pieces of furniture. At the same time, it should be as functional as possible. The sofa unfolds and turns into sleeping area, additionally you can place books in it. The kitchen table folds out and can accommodate a large group of up to 12 people.
Modern apartment interior design provides functionality and convenience of each piece of furniture. And what does not fit into the style can be hidden in dressing room big size.
Decor
The main element of the decor is nature itself - the sea, the green slopes of the mountains, and houses with red roofs scattered on them. Even the curtains in the living area are “hidden” in the cornice so as not to interfere with the view. But in the bedroom they play a leading role, creating a cozy atmosphere for a night's rest.
Hello, dear forum members, we decided to build our own house, finances are limited, so we found a team that is building a house for an apartment. From this we learned that the house should be no more than 130 square meters. m., the developer offered his own version which he was building, but it had a garage which we didn’t need, so the plan was slightly altered and we got two large halls. I decided to ask you what to do to build what the team suggests or plan your house? Another question is, is it normal to build a house of half a block and what should the foundation be? The brigade will do strip foundation 1 meter deep. What brand of concrete should it be? This is our first time building, so we need opinions)
1. Development region: Saratov region, Engels2. Planned materials for construction: Expanded clay concrete blocks, laying in half a block plus insulation and plaster, wood flooring.
3. Plan/description of the site with the expected location of the house and indication of cardinal directions, availability good looking: Plot 18 at 29.6, 5.45 acres, access from the northern short side.
4. Planned number and height of floors, attic used, ground floor? Will the house be used for permanent residence or seasonal use: house with attic for permanent residence5. Planned type of heating, need for a separate boiler room: double-circuit gas boiler, first floor heated floor, second radiators.
6. Family composition: two adults, two children, boys 3 years old and 6 years old
7. What rooms according to their functional purpose should be obtained (number of bedrooms (minimum acceptable size), bathrooms, the need for a “second light”, guest bedroom, office, separate laundry room, utility room, kitchen closet, garage in the house, etc.): 3 bedrooms on the second floor, combined kitchen, living room, two bathrooms, guest bedroom on the first floor.8. Please check that the volume of your boiler room is for gas boiler exceeds 15 cubic meters(if the boiler is gas and is not located in the kitchen)
9. Your decision on the following issues:
- Do you need a separate vestibule to reduce heat loss or a vestibule-hallway? NoThe kitchen and living room can be combined or should it be 2 separate rooms? combined
Can the bedroom doors open into the kitchen/living room or should they be soundproofed by the hallway? soundproofed
Do you need an isolated dirty hallway area or is it not difficult to wipe the floor once again? need an isolated area
A personal sou and dressing room in the bedroom is a dream or an excess? excess
Entrance to the san. the node should not be visible from front door or not important? not important
The kitchen work area should not be visible from the sofa or is it not important? not important
10. Planned construction and financing schedule.
-indicate the planned budget for building a house under interior decoration(With facade works, communications, etc.). There is only a budget cost with the site and for final finishing with all communications - 3,500,000 rubles.Indicate the planned construction schedule (season, year, several years) and contractors (independent, private company/crew, 50/50): we will start building in May, the planned period is 6 months, the team will build.
Let's consider an example of calculating boiler power and heating costs.
Target:
- - diesel boiler;
- - electric boiler;
- - gas boiler.
- - solid fuel boiler (coal);
- - solid fuel boiler (pellet);
- - diesel boiler;
- - electric boiler;
- - gas boiler.
Initial data:
Option 1.
Option 2.
Option 3.
Option 4.
Solutions:
Object location: Moscow.
Option 1
- A one-story house with an area of 130 square meters, ceiling height 2.8 meters, building height at the ridge - 4 meters.
- Dimensions building:
- Length: 13 m
- Width: 10 m
- 130 square meters.
- 442 cubic meters.
- Heating system– closed.
- Insulation degree- weak:
- wall material – silicate brick, layer thickness: 0.5 m;
- roof covering – slate (asbestos), thickness: 0.005 m;
- the floor is not insulated;
- glazing – double glazing in a separate partition, area: 15 square meters;
- entrance openings – wooden external doors, area: 2.5 square meters.
- Ventilation premises average – 50%
- in the house: 20 °C.
- Hot water supply- indirect heating boiler - 200 liters (family of 3 people).
- Heat loss through the walls: 10.33 kW;
- Heat loss through the roof: 5.7 kW;
- Heat loss through entrance openings: 0.6 kW;
- Heat loss through windows: 2.22 kW.
21.94 kW.
- Consumption hot water per person is 70 liters per day. For a family of three people, hot water consumption will be 210 l/day.
- Heat consumption for heating water: 0.68 kW.
Calculation of ventilation.
- Total air volume for ventilation: 221 m3/h;
- Total heat loss by ventilation: 6.15 kW.
Total heat loss by the facility: 28.77 kW.
Required boiler power.
- Heat loss by the facility: 28.77 kW;
- Boiler power reserve: 10%;
- 32 kW.
- Defro DUO 35 kW(for burning coal);
- AGRO UNI 35 kW
- Defro DS 32 kW(for burning wood).
Boiler efficiency: 90%
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 3,76 | 6,22 | 9,16 | 10,89 | 11,45 | 11,54 | 9,08 | 5,75 | 2,94 | |
| Gcal | 2,33 | 3,86 | 5,68 | 6,75 | 7,1 | 7,16 | 5,63 | 3,56 | 1,82 | 49,04 |
| 463 | 766 | 1127 | 1340 | 1409 | 1421 | 1118 | 707 | 362 | 9731 | |
| 540 | 894 | 1315 | 1563 | 1644 | 1658 | 1304 | 825 | 422 | 11353 | |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 1036 | 1716 | 2525 | 3000 | 3156 | 3183 | 2503 | 1583 | 809 | 21797 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 1,17 | 1,94 | 2,86 | 3,39 | 3,57 | 3,6 | 2,83 | 1,79 | 0,92 | 24,66 |
| 309 | 511 | 752 | 893 | 940 | 948 | 745 | 471 | 241 | 6487 | |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 341 | 565 | 831 | 987 | 1039 | 1047 | 824 | 521 | 267 | 7170 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 8122 | 13444 | 19793 | 23527 | 24741 | 24927 | 19606 | 12417 | 6349 | 170834 |
Heating cost:
58385 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
14191 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
130782 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
33287 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 90%.
214078 rubles per season.
33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 90%.
31262 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 90%.
Boiler efficiency: 80%
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 3,76 | 6,22 | 9,16 | 10,89 | 11,45 | 11,54 | 9,08 | 5,75 | 2,94 | |
| Gcal | 2,33 | 3,86 | 5,68 | 6,75 | 7,1 | 7,16 | 5,63 | 3,56 | 1,82 | 49,04 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 521 | 862 | 1268 | 1507 | 1585 | 1599 | 1257 | 795 | 407 | 10947 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 607 | 1006 | 1480 | 1758 | 1849 | 1865 | 1467 | 928 | 474 | 12772 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 1165 | 1930 | 2840 | 3375 | 3550 | 3580 | 2815 | 1780 | 910 | 24522 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 1,32 | 2,18 | 3,21 | 3,82 | 4,02 | 4,05 | 3,18 | 2,01 | 1,03 | 27,74 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 347 | 575 | 846 | 1005 | 1057 | 1066 | 838 | 530 | 271 | 7298 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 384 | 635 | 935 | 1111 | 1168 | 1178 | 926 | 586 | 300 | 8066 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 8122 | 13444 | 19793 | 23527 | 24741 | 24927 | 19606 | 12417 | 6349 | 170834 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 65683 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
15965 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 147130 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 37448 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 240838 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of gas heating will be 35169 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 80%.
Boiler efficiency: 70%
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 3,76 | 6,22 | 9,16 | 10,89 | 11,45 | 11,54 | 9,08 | 5,75 | 2,94 | |
| Gcal | 2,33 | 3,86 | 5,68 | 6,75 | 7,1 | 7,16 | 5,63 | 3,56 | 1,82 | 49,04 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 595 | 985 | 1449 | 1722 | 1812 | 1827 | 1437 | 909 | 465 | 12511 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 694 | 1149 | 1691 | 2009 | 2114 | 2131 | 1676 | 1060 | 542 | 14596 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 1332 | 2206 | 3246 | 3858 | 4058 | 4092 | 3218 | 2035 | 1040 | 28025 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 1,51 | 2,5 | 3,67 | 4,36 | 4,59 | 4,63 | 3,64 | 2,3 | 1,18 | 31,7 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 397 | 657 | 966 | 1148 | 1208 | 1218 | 958 | 606 | 310 | 8341 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 8122 | 13444 | 19793 | 23527 | 24741 | 24927 | 19606 | 12417 | 6349 | 170834 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 75066 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 18245 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 168149 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 42798 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 275243 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 4.36 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 70%.
For a 35 kW boiler, a chimney with an internal diameter is suitable 200 mm and height 8 m.
Option 2
- A two-story house with an area of 130 square meters, ceiling height 2.5 meters, building height at the ridge - 6.5 meters.
- Dimensions building:
- Length: 10 m
- Width: 6.5 m
- 65 square meters.
- The volume of the building taking into account the height at the ridge is: 373.75 cubic meters.
- Heating system– open.
- Insulation degree- average:
- wall material – wooden beams, layer thickness: 0.6 m;
- roofing material – Scots pine (15% content), layer thickness: 0.02 m;
- roof insulation – mineral wool, insulation thickness: 0.05 m;
- the floor is not insulated;
- glazing – regular, area: 12 square meters;
- entrance openings – wooden external doors, area: 2 square meters.
- Ventilation premises average – 50%
- Desired comfortable temperature in the house: 20 °C.
- Hot water supply not required.
Calculation of central heating.
- Heat loss through walls: 2.99 kW;
- Heat loss through the roof: 2.99 kW;
- Heat loss through entrance openings: 0.48 kW;
- Heat loss through the floor: 1.76 kW;
- Heat loss through windows: 2.05 kW.
Total heat loss for heating: 10.28 kW.
Calculation of hot water supply.
Calculation of ventilation.
- Air exchange per 1 square meter: 0.05 m3/h;
- Total air volume for ventilation: 186.88 m3/h;
- Total heat loss by ventilation: 5.2 kW.
Total heat loss by the facility: 15.48 kW.
Required boiler power.
- Heat loss by the facility: 15.48 kW;
- Boiler power reserve: 10%;
- Recommended boiler power: 18 kW.
- COMFORT EKO 20 kW(for burning coal);
- DEFRO AKM UNI 22 kW(for burning pellets and biomass);
- OPTIMA KOMFORT PLUS 20 kW(for burning wood).
Fuel consumption for heating. Heating cost.
Boiler efficiency: 90%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 5040 kcal/kg or 5.85 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 4320 kcal/kg or 5.02 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2250 kcal/kg or 2.61 kW*h/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3060 kcal/kg or 3.55 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 9000 kcal/kg or 10.45 kW*h/kg.
- Gas (9500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 8550 kcal/kg or 9.93 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,07 | 3,43 | 5,05 | 6 | 6,31 | 6,36 | 5 | 3,17 | 1,62 | |
| Gcal | 1,28 | 2,13 | 3,13 | 3,72 | 3,91 | 3,94 | 3,1 | 1,96 | 1 | 24,17 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 254 | 423 | 622 | 739 | 776 | 782 | 616 | 389 | 199 | 4796 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 297 | 494 | 725 | 862 | 906 | 913 | 718 | 454 | 232 | 5595 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 569 | 947 | 1392 | 1654 | 1738 | 1752 | 1378 | 872 | 445 | 10742 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,64 | 1,07 | 1,57 | 1,87 | 1,97 | 1,98 | 1,56 | 0,99 | 0,5 | 12,15 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 170 | 282 | 415 | 493 | 518 | 522 | 411 | 260 | 133 | 3197 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 188 | 312 | 458 | 544 | 572 | 577 | 454 | 287 | 147 | 3534 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 4476 | 7409 | 10907 | 12965 | 13634 | 13737 | 10804 | 6843 | 3498 | 84192 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 28774 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 6994 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 64453 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 16405 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 105504 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of gas heating will be 15407 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 90%.
Boiler efficiency: 80%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 4480 kcal/kg or 5.20 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3840 kcal/kg or 4.46 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2000 kcal/kg or 2.32 kWh/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2720 kcal/kg or 3.16 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 8000 kcal/kg or 9.29 kW*h/kg.
- Gas (9500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7600 kcal/kg or 8.82 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,07 | 3,43 | 5,05 | 6 | 6,31 | 6,36 | 5 | 3,17 | 1,62 | |
| Gcal | 1,28 | 2,13 | 3,13 | 3,72 | 3,91 | 3,94 | 3,1 | 1,96 | 1 | 24,17 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 286 | 476 | 699 | 831 | 873 | 880 | 692 | 438 | 224 | 5395 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 334 | 555 | 816 | 969 | 1019 | 1027 | 808 | 511 | 261 | 6294 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 640 | 1065 | 1565 | 1860 | 1955 | 1970 | 1550 | 980 | 500 | 12085 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,72 | 1,2 | 1,77 | 2,1 | 2,21 | 2,23 | 1,75 | 1,11 | 0,57 | 13,67 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 191 | 317 | 466 | 554 | 582 | 587 | 462 | 292 | 149 | 3597 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 211 | 351 | 515 | 612 | 644 | 649 | 510 | 323 | 165 | 3975 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 4476 | 7409 | 10907 | 12965 | 13634 | 13737 | 10804 | 6843 | 3498 | 84192 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 32371 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with stone (4800 kcal/kg) will be 7868 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 72510 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 18456 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 118692 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of gas heating will be 17332 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 80%.
Boiler efficiency: 70%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3920 kcal/kg or 4.55 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3360 kcal/kg or 3.9 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 1750 kcal/kg or 2.03 kW*h/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2380 kcal/kg or 2.76 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7000 kcal/kg or 8.13 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,07 | 3,43 | 5,05 | 6 | 6,31 | 6,36 | 5 | 3,17 | 1,62 | |
| Gcal | 1,28 | 2,13 | 3,13 | 3,72 | 3,91 | 3,94 | 3,1 | 1,96 | 1 | 24,17 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 327 | 544 | 799 | 949 | 998 | 1006 | 791 | 500 | 256 | 6166 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 381 | 634 | 932 | 1108 | 1164 | 1173 | 923 | 584 | 298 | 7193 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 732 | 1218 | 1789 | 2126 | 2235 | 2252 | 1772 | 1120 | 572 | 13811 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,83 | 1,38 | 2,02 | 2,4 | 2,53 | 2,55 | 2 | 1,27 | 0,65 | 15,62 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 218 | 363 | 533 | 633 | 665 | 671 | 528 | 334 | 171 | 4111 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 4476 | 7409 | 10907 | 12965 | 13634 | 13737 | 10804 | 6843 | 3498 | 84192 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 36995 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 8992 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 82869 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 21092 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 135648 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 4.36 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 70%.
For a 20 kW boiler, a chimney with an internal diameter is suitable 160 mm and height 7 m.
Option 3
- A one-story house with an area of 130 square meters, ceiling height 3.2 meters, building height at the ridge - 4.5 meters.
- Dimensions building:
- Length: 13 m
- Width: 10 m
- The floor area of the first floor (average) is: 130(building area)/1(number of floors) = 130 square meters.
- The volume of the building taking into account the height at the ridge is: 500.5 cubic meters.
- Heating system– closed.
- Insulation degree- above average:
- wall material – silica brick, layer thickness: 0.38 m;
- wall insulation – mineral wool, insulation thickness: 0.1 m;
- roof insulation – mineral wool, insulation thickness: 0.05 m;
- roof covering – tiles (kathepal), thickness: 0.002 m;
- the floor is not insulated;
- glazing – double-glazed window(with interstitial distance 6 mm), area: 13 square meters;
- entrance openings – metal insulated external doors, area: 3 square meters.
- Ventilation premises average – 50%
- Desired comfortable temperature in the house: 20 °C.
- Hot water supply not required.
Calculation of central heating.
- For a building of such area, dimensions (13m x 10m) and degree of insulation, heat loss will be:
- Heat loss through walls: 1.83 kW;
- Heat loss through the roof: 5.17 kW;
- Heat loss through entrance openings: 0.07 kW;
- Heat loss through the floor: 3.1 kW;
- Heat loss through windows: 1.66 kW.
Total heat loss for heating: 11.82 kW.
Calculation of hot water supply.
- Heat consumption for heating water: 0 kW.
Calculation of ventilation.
- Air exchange per 1 square meter: 0.07 m3/h;
- Total air volume for ventilation: 250.25 m3/h;
- Total ventilation heat loss: 6.96 kW.
Total heat loss by the facility: 18.79 kW.
Required boiler power.
- Heat loss by the facility: 18.79 kW;
- Boiler power reserve: 10%;
- Recommended boiler power: 21 kW.
- Defro DUO 25 kW(for burning coal);
- Defro AKM UNI 22 kW(for burning pellets and biomass);
- OPTIMA KOMFORT PLUS 25 kW(for burning wood).
Fuel consumption for heating. Heating cost.
Boiler efficiency: 90%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 5040 kcal/kg or 5.85 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 4320 kcal/kg or 5.02 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2250 kcal/kg or 2.61 kW*h/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3060 kcal/kg or 3.55 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 9000 kcal/kg or 10.45 kW*h/kg.
- Gas (9500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 8550 kcal/kg or 9.93 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,51 | 4,16 | 6,13 | 7,28 | 7,66 | 7,72 | 6,07 | 3,84 | 1,97 | |
| Gcal | 1,56 | 2,58 | 3,8 | 4,52 | 4,75 | 4,79 | 3,76 | 2,38 | 1,22 | 29,36 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 310 | 512 | 754 | 897 | 943 | 951 | 747 | 473 | 243 | 5825 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 362 | 598 | 880 | 1047 | 1100 | 1109 | 871 | 551 | 283 | 6796 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 694 | 1147 | 1689 | 2009 | 2112 | 2129 | 1672 | 1058 | 543 | 13049 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,78 | 1,3 | 1,91 | 2,27 | 2,39 | 2,41 | 1,89 | 1,2 | 0,61 | 14,76 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 207 | 342 | 503 | 598 | 629 | 634 | 498 | 315 | 162 | 3884 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 229 | 378 | 556 | 661 | 695 | 701 | 550 | 348 | 179 | 4292 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 5432 | 8990 | 13236 | 15733 | 16545 | 16670 | 13111 | 8304 | 4245 | 102271 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 34952 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 8495 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 78293 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 19928 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 128159 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of gas heating will be 18715 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 90%.
Boiler efficiency: 80%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 4480 kcal/kg or 5.20 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3840 kcal/kg or 4.46 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2000 kcal/kg or 2.32 kWh/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2720 kcal/kg or 3.16 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 8000 kcal/kg or 9.29 kW*h/kg.
- Gas (9500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7600 kcal/kg or 8.82 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,51 | 4,16 | 6,13 | 7,28 | 7,66 | 7,72 | 6,07 | 3,84 | 1,97 | |
| Gcal | 1,56 | 2,58 | 3,8 | 4,52 | 4,75 | 4,79 | 3,76 | 2,38 | 1,22 | 29,36 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 349 | 576 | 849 | 1009 | 1061 | 1070 | 840 | 532 | 273 | 6554 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 407 | 672 | 990 | 1178 | 1237 | 1248 | 980 | 620 | 318 | 7646 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 780 | 1290 | 1900 | 2260 | 2375 | 2395 | 1880 | 1190 | 610 | 14680 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,88 | 1,46 | 2,15 | 2,56 | 2,69 | 2,71 | 2,13 | 1,35 | 0,69 | 16,61 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 233 | 384 | 566 | 673 | 707 | 713 | 560 | 355 | 182 | 4369 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 257 | 425 | 625 | 744 | 782 | 788 | 619 | 392 | 201 | 4829 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 5432 | 8990 | 13236 | 15733 | 16545 | 16670 | 13111 | 8304 | 4245 | 102271 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 39321 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with stone (4800 kcal/kg) will be 9557 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 88080 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 22419 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 144179 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of gas heating will be 21054 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 80%.
Boiler efficiency: 70%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3920 kcal/kg or 4.55 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3360 kcal/kg or 3.9 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 1750 kcal/kg or 2.03 kW*h/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2380 kcal/kg or 2.76 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7000 kcal/kg or 8.13 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 2,51 | 4,16 | 6,13 | 7,28 | 7,66 | 7,72 | 6,07 | 3,84 | 1,97 | |
| Gcal | 1,56 | 2,58 | 3,8 | 4,52 | 4,75 | 4,79 | 3,76 | 2,38 | 1,22 | 29,36 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 398 | 659 | 970 | 1154 | 1212 | 1222 | 960 | 608 | 312 | 7490 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 465 | 768 | 1131 | 1346 | 1414 | 1426 | 1120 | 709 | 364 | 8738 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 892 | 1475 | 2172 | 2583 | 2715 | 2738 | 2149 | 1360 | 698 | 16777 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 1,01 | 1,67 | 2,46 | 2,92 | 3,07 | 3,1 | 2,43 | 1,54 | 0,79 | 18,98 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 266 | 439 | 647 | 769 | 808 | 815 | 640 | 405 | 208 | 4993 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 5432 | 8990 | 13236 | 15733 | 16545 | 16670 | 13111 | 8304 | 4245 | 102271 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 44939 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 10923 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 100663 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 25621 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 164776 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 4.36 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 70%.
For a 25 kW boiler, a chimney with an internal diameter is suitable 180 mm and height 7 m.
Option 4
- A two-story house with an area of 130 square meters, ceiling height 3 meters, building height at the ridge - 7.5 meters.
- Dimensions building:
- Length: 10 m
- Width: 6.5 m
- The floor area of the first floor (average) is: 130(building area)/2(number of floors) = 65 square meters.
- The volume of the building taking into account the height at the ridge is: 438.75 cubic meters.
- Heating system– open.
- Insulation degree- high:
- wall material – red clay brick, layer thickness: 0.7 m;
- wall insulation – mineral wool, insulation thickness: 0.15 m;
- roofing material – wood - boards, layer thickness: 0.04 m;
- roof insulation – mineral wool, insulation thickness: 0.1 m;
- roof covering – corrugated sheet, thickness: 0.002 m;
- floor insulation material – expanded clay 800, insulation thickness: 0.05 m;
- glazing – 3-chamber pvc profiles, area: 11 square meters;
- entrance openings – metal insulated external doors, area: 2.5 square meters.
- Ventilation premises average – 50%
- Desired comfortable temperature in the house: 20 °C.
- Hot water supply– indirect heating boiler - 100 liters (family of 2 people).
Calculation of central heating.
- For a building of such area, dimensions (10m x 6.5m) and degree of insulation, heat loss will be:
- Heat loss through walls: 2.49 kW;
- Heat loss through the roof: 1.6 kW;
- Heat loss through entrance openings: 0.06 kW;
- Heat loss through the floor: 1.57 kW;
- Heat loss through windows: 1.19 kW.
Total heat loss for heating: 6.91 kW.
Calculation of hot water supply.
- Hot water consumption per person is 70 liters per day. For a family of two people, the hot water consumption will be 140 l/day.
- Heat consumption for heating water: 0.46 kW.
Calculation of ventilation.
- Air exchange per 1 square meter: 0.06 m3/h;
- Total air volume for ventilation: 219.38 m3/h;
- Total heat loss by ventilation: 6.1 kW.
Total heat loss by the facility: 13.47 kW.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 1,74 | 2,88 | 4,24 | 5,05 | 5,31 | 5,35 | 4,2 | 2,66 | 1,36 | |
| Gcal | 1,08 | 1,79 | 2,63 | 3,13 | 3,29 | 3,31 | 2,61 | 1,65 | 0,84 | 23,77 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 215 | 356 | 522 | 622 | 653 | 657 | 518 | 328 | 167 | 4715 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 250 | 415 | 609 | 725 | 762 | 767 | 605 | 382 | 195 | 5501 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 480 | 796 | 1169 | 1392 | 1463 | 1472 | 1160 | 734 | 374 | 10562 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,54 | 0,9 | 1,32 | 1,57 | 1,65 | 1,66 | 1,31 | 0,83 | 0,42 | 11,95 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 143 | 237 | 348 | 415 | 436 | 438 | 346 | 219 | 112 | 3144 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 158 | 262 | 385 | 458 | 481 | 484 | 382 | 242 | 123 | 3475 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 3762 | 6227 | 9168 | 10897 | 11459 | 11546 | 9081 | 5751 | 2941 | 82783 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 28292 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 6877 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 63375 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 16130 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 103739 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 90%.
The cost of gas heating will be 15149 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 90%.
Boiler efficiency: 80%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 4480 kcal/kg or 5.20 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3840 kcal/kg or 4.46 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2000 kcal/kg or 2.32 kWh/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2720 kcal/kg or 3.16 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 8000 kcal/kg or 9.29 kW*h/kg.
- Gas (9500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7600 kcal/kg or 8.82 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 1,74 | 2,88 | 4,24 | 5,05 | 5,31 | 5,35 | 4,2 | 2,66 | 1,36 | |
| Gcal | 1,08 | 1,79 | 2,63 | 3,13 | 3,29 | 3,31 | 2,61 | 1,65 | 0,84 | 23,77 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 242 | 400 | 588 | 699 | 735 | 739 | 583 | 369 | 188 | 5305 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 282 | 467 | 685 | 816 | 857 | 862 | 680 | 430 | 219 | 6189 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 540 | 895 | 1315 | 1565 | 1645 | 1655 | 1305 | 825 | 420 | 11883 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,61 | 1,01 | 1,49 | 1,77 | 1,86 | 1,87 | 1,48 | 0,93 | 0,48 | 13,44 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 161 | 267 | 392 | 466 | 490 | 493 | 389 | 246 | 125 | 3537 |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /month | 178 | 295 | 433 | 515 | 542 | 545 | 430 | 272 | 139 | 3909 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 3762 | 6227 | 9168 | 10897 | 11459 | 11546 | 9081 | 5751 | 2941 | 82783 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 31829 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with stone (4800 kcal/kg) will be 7736 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 71297 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 18147 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 116706 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 33 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 80%.
The cost of gas heating will be 17042 rubles per season.
At gas prices - 4.36 rub/cub.m and boiler efficiency 80%.
Boiler efficiency: 70%
- Hard coal (5600 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3920 kcal/kg or 4.55 kW*h/kg.
- Hard coal (4800 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 3360 kcal/kg or 3.9 kW*h/kg.
- Pellets (2500 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 1750 kcal/kg or 2.03 kW*h/kg.
- Wood (3400 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 2380 kcal/kg or 2.76 kW*h/kg.
- Diesel fuel (10,000 kcal/kg). Taking into account the boiler efficiency – 7000 kcal/kg or 8.13 kW*h/kg.
| Index | Month | Per season (+DHW) | ||||||||
| September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | ||
| Average temperature, °C | 11,3 | 5,6 | -1,2 | -5,2 | -6,5 | -6,7 | -1,0 | 6,7 | 13,2 | |
| Heat loss, kW | 1,74 | 2,88 | 4,24 | 5,05 | 5,31 | 5,35 | 4,2 | 2,66 | 1,36 | |
| Gcal | 1,08 | 1,79 | 2,63 | 3,13 | 3,29 | 3,31 | 2,61 | 1,65 | 0,84 | 23,77 |
| Coal consumption (5600), kg/month | 276 | 457 | 671 | 799 | 840 | 845 | 666 | 421 | 215 | 6063 |
| Coal consumption (4800), kg/month | 322 | 533 | 783 | 932 | 980 | 986 | 777 | 492 | 250 | 7073 |
| Pellet consumption, kg/month | 618 | 1023 | 1503 | 1789 | 1880 | 1892 | 1492 | 943 | 480 | 13580 |
| Wood consumption, m 3 /month | 0,7 | 1,16 | 1,7 | 2,02 | 2,13 | 2,14 | 1,69 | 1,07 | 0,54 | 15,36 |
| Diesel fuel consumption, liter/month | 184 | 305 | 448 | 533 | 560 | 563 | 444 | 281 | 143 | 4042 |
| Electric, kW*hour/month | 3762 | 6227 | 9168 | 10897 | 11459 | 11546 | 9081 | 5751 | 2941 | 82783 |
Heating cost:
The cost of heating with coal (5600 kcal/kg) will be 36376 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with coal (4800 kcal/kg) will be 8841 rubles per season.
At the price of coal - 1250 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with pellets will be 81482 rubles per season.
At the price of pellets – 6000 rub/t and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with wood will be 20739 rubles per season.
At the price of wood - 1350 rub/cubic meters and boiler efficiency 70%.
The cost of heating with diesel fuel will be 133378 rubles per season.
At the price of diesel fuel – 4.36 rub/liter and boiler efficiency 70%.
For a 15 kW boiler, a chimney with an internal diameter is suitable 160 mm and height 6 m.
The degree of insulation is determined based on the total heat loss of the building and depends on the material, thickness and number of layers:
- - enclosing structures
- - walls;
- - wall insulation;
- - roofs;
- - roof insulation;
- - roof coverings;
- - floor insulation;
And also on the type and area of glazing and entrance openings.
Examples of non-insulated buildings:
The walls are single-layer (without insulation), made of material with a thermal conductivity coefficient above 1.300 - concrete on crushed stone, reinforced concrete, solid concrete...
Roof and floor insulation is single-layer or absent.
Examples of buildings with a low degree of insulation:
The walls are single-layer, made of material with a thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.440 to 1.300 - silicate brick, ceramic brick, slag brick, red clay brick, FBS block, alabaster slab, hollow brick.
The floor and roof are insulated.
Examples of buildings with an average degree of insulation:
Mostly single-layer, made of material with a thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.090 to 0.440 - TEPLOSTEN block, multi-layer construction cardboard, wood, silica brick, ceramic brick, thermal insulating concrete, wooden beams, plasterboard, expanded clay concrete, foam concrete, building gypsum, ceramic brick (hollow), hollow brick.
The floor and roof are insulated.
Examples of buildings with a high degree of insulation:
Mostly two- or multi-layer, walls and insulation are made of material with a thermal conductivity coefficient for walls - up to 1.000, for insulation - from 0.001 to 0.085 - polyurethane foam, fiberglass, polystyrene foam, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, foam rubber, mineral wool, glass wool, dry sawdust.
The floor and roof are insulated.
