What types of profiled timber are used for building a house? Country seasonal house. Using wet timber

When choosing wood for building a house, the question of which timber is best for construction interests any user. The number of buildings made of lumber is increasing, and, consequently, the demand for materials is growing, which allows manufacturers to offer more and more new products with a wide variety of quality and practical characteristics. As a result, the owner of the construction site is given a good choice, which needs to be carefully sorted out so as not to make a mistake when purchasing materials.

Types and types of timber

Assuming to build timber house For permanent residence, it is worth remembering that wooden lumber looks like a long beam with a rectangular cross-section measuring 6 meters in length and 100-300 mm in thickness. This is a standard size, considered the most optimal for the construction of buildings.

Advice! If this length of timber is not enough, you should pay attention to elite Finnish wood: manufacturers offer elements up to 12 meters in length.

Materials differ according to various indicators, for example, according to the degree of processing; there are the following types of timber:

  • Raw edged/sawn;
  • Planed;
  • Polished;
  • Profiled.

According to the manufacturing method, lumber is divided into:

  1. whole;
  2. glued;
  3. hollow, padded thermal insulation materials as a filler.

Now a little more about the types of timber for building a house, modifications and characteristic features.

Edged timber

Considered a classic material, it is an element obtained by cutting the body of a tree. During processing, a solid log is freed from edges, the result is a building material in the form of a square beam with smooth, unprocessed, rough planes on all four sides.

The product has natural humidity, therefore, it is possible to inspect the material for distortions that occur during improper storage. Section sizes: 250*250; 150*200; 150*150; 100*150; 100*100 mm. A large range of sizes allows you to select the optimal batch of lumber to build your own.

Affordable price, high quality and practicality of the material are advantages, but among the disadvantages it is necessary to note the mandatory use of sealing material. It is mounted between the crowns so that precipitation does not get into the cracks, leading to the destruction of the building. In addition, there is a possibility that the lamellas will lose their shape when the natural drying process begins.

Planed, polished timber

This is an edged product made from wood, which undergoes a sanding process during processing. The result is lumber with smooth planes (on one, two or all sides), sometimes with a removed corner chamfer, which gives an aesthetic appearance and facilitates the construction process.

Advice! Dishonest manufacturers often pass off planed timber as sanded timber, so you need to be especially careful: the price of sanded timber is higher than planed timber. The differences are obvious: planed material does not have the smoothness of sanded material.

Profiled wood building material

It is considered the most progressive and practical for building a house. Each element is equipped with a locking connection, and, therefore, the crowns are adjacent with maximum density. In addition, the smoothness of both sides and the presence of fasteners make it possible to build a warm and strong structure, so the increased price of the product does not frighten consumers.

Advice! There are two profile options on the market: tongue-and-groove (German) and bowl-shaped (Finnish). The choice depends on the construction technology and the preferences of the developer.

Glued laminated timber

The material consists of several separate lamellas obtained by cutting the body of a tree, glued together. Thanks to pre-drying, as well as gluing taking into account the direction of the fibers, the product is considered one of the most reliable and high-quality for building a house. High-tech laminated veneer lumber does not shrink, does not require additional processing of wall panels and has high energy saving rates. Developers consider the lack of deformation and moisture resistance to be one of the main advantages of the material. The high cost of the material is due to its practicality and quality.

Advice! The material labeled LVL is also laminated veneer lumber, but has regular veneer as components. This causes it to be hard on the outside but soft at the core. It is considered the most expensive and high-quality wood material. Due to increased strength, elasticity and moisture-repellent properties, the timber is not subject to corrosion and does not rot; the product range has a different set of lengths, which makes it possible to call the piece goods universal for building a house.

Finnish timber

Elite wood with the following characteristic features:

  1. the annual rings in the lamellas have a unique direction opposite to each other, that is, they “look” at the center of the section.
  2. Strength and flexibility are also due to the vertical splicing of component parts every 4-6 meters.
  3. To obtain the finished product, thick elements are spliced ​​together, so the question is: which beam thickness to choose is of utmost importance. Standard technology recommends impregnating the elements adhesive composition no less than 2 cm, due to which the material is not completely impregnated, but only in the upper layers.

Important! Glued Finnish timber has a price 2-2.5 times higher than the Russian analogue.

Composite timber materials

The packaged and hollow types of timber that have appeared on the market are also suitable for the construction of houses and buildings for various purposes. Representing hollow inside wood block, the structure consists of a pair of boards equipped with end elements and jumpers.

The differences are:

  1. The package material is internally filled with insulation, which has a base made of mineral wool or foam glass.
  2. Hollow timber has no filling.

The main feature is increased energy-saving characteristics, which allows you to build a house with high energy efficiency indicators. Due to its technological features, composite beams are extremely affordable, but are superior in quality to foam blocks, and experts say: a piece of composite timber product retains heat 2 times better than masonry made from brick, gas blocks and other standard materials.

Advice! For areas with high temperature fluctuations, the latest development is suitable - thermal timber. it's the same composite material, consisting of hollow timber filled with polyurethane foam. Price category finished house comparable to the cost of a house made of laminated solid timber, however, when deciding what thickness of timber to take, choosing a glued timber, you will have to make a wall of 390 mm, an alternative thermal timber can be taken of 160 mm. This means that with equal cost and energy saving indicators, wall panels made of composite thermal timber will be thinner.

When calculating the advantages and disadvantages of lumber, it is worth paying attention to the optimal humidity. This figure should be approximately 15-20%. Quality is achieved by drying in special chambers. The process should be carried out immediately after cutting the body of the log, and only then, the dried lamellas are processed, sanded, and so on.

Choosing the thickness of timber for building a house

Everything here is quite simple: standard timber for construction comes in square or rectangular cross-section with side dimensions of 100, 150, 200 mm. Some manufacturers offer sides measuring 250 mm on order, but here you will need to focus on the price of lumber. It turns out that Wall panel, specified by the dimensions of the timber, can be 100-250 mm thick. And the parameter is selected depending on the needs of the owner: the thicker the beam, the higher the rigidity of the structure. In addition, the wall must provide protection from the cold.

Important! The strength of wall structures is based not only on the thickness of the timber. When building a house, the presence and number of openings, the configuration of the walls and other indicators are taken into account; the assembly, or rather its quality, should also be taken into account.

Experienced developers advise choosing timber with a thickness of 100-150 mm for a one-story building, but parameters of 150-200 mm are better for building a house of 2 or more floors. It is also important to understand that when constructing an all-season heated building, it is necessary to insulate the walls from the outside; without this element everything modern houses will not comply with accepted energy saving standards.

If we compare wall structures made of timber of different thicknesses, a weak dependence of the thermal resistance, determined by the thickness of the elements, is noticeable. For example, an insulated wall made of 150 mm timber is only 12-15% “warmer” than a wall 100 mm thick. Conclusion: with high-quality insulation and thorough waterproofing, it is enough to choose a good timber, as well as insulation. The calculation is approximately this: for walls made of 100 mm timber (100*150-200 mm), purchase mineral wool insulation of the same thickness (100-150 mm). This will be enough to maintain the high energy efficiency of the building.

But, nevertheless, when choosing what thickness of lumber to buy, it is worth remembering that building from thick timber has many other advantages, in particular, the structure will have less ability to warp when drying, greater strength and heat capacity.

Advice! Houses for seasonal living, bathhouses and outbuildings do not need to be sheathed with heat-insulating material, but it all depends on what size of timber is chosen. Experts recommend not to go cheap, but to build a bathhouse or summer house from lumber with a thickness of 150 mm or more. Heat accumulation is higher, which means that when warming up optimal temperature will last longer.

Types of beam connections

The technology for constructing timber walls is different, but it is important to know the types of timber connections. Today developers offer the following typical connections:

  1. Angular. It happens with a residue (in the bowl) and without a residue (in the paw). With a remainder - a type that represents the protruding ends of the log house at a distance of approximately 0.5 meters. It is expensive, but heat loss is reduced and the strength of the building increases. Without remainder - the type when the end of the frame ends at the level of the wall. The connection occurs using staples or spiked plates with nails.
  2. Longitudinal connection is used when the length of the timber is insufficient. The increase in size occurs by connecting two elements. There are several ways:
  • tenon with key;
  • half a tree;
  • root thorn.
  1. T-shaped connection. Used when it is necessary to fasten external and interior wall. The options are as follows:
  • by creating a trapezoidal symmetrical tenon in the log house;
  • creating a triangular tenon in a log house;
  • a locking groove on an insert tenon;
  • straight groove on the main tenon.

Despite the variety of connection types, there are some general recommendations:

  • the beam is rounded with outside to minimize the threat of water accumulation in the grooves;
  • the place where the logs touch must be smooth and carefully polished.

It is a good idea to give the elements additional tightness by coating the joints with a composition of resin and sand.

IN modern construction in projects at the initial stage, not only the construction technology is planned, but also sufficient attention is paid to selecting the thickness of the timber for the house. The thickness of the walls themselves, which play an important role in the process of constructing a wooden structure, taking into account different climatic conditions, also depends on this. Therefore, modern industry produces suitable logs and beams. For each situation, they are selected separately depending on the purpose of the structure - it can be a house for permanent or temporary residence, so-called seasonal dwellings, bathhouses, cottages and many other buildings.

Thickness of timber for a permanent residence

In order to choose the thickness of the timber for a permanent residence, you need to consider the following points:

  • climatic conditions in which the house will be operated;
  • availability of necessary material resources;
  • desired external and internal design;
  • customer's wish.

The most common thickness of timber for building a house is a section of 200x200 mm. For residential premises, using only timber for walls will, firstly, be impractical, and secondly, it will be almost impossible to meet the necessary requirements for thermal insulation. In any case, you will have to use additional insulation, which will compensate for all the shortcomings of the thermal insulation requirements.

A thickness of 150x150 mm can be used both for finishing on both sides, and only for the inside. In order for the room to meet all the requirements for thermal insulation, the thickness of the walls in a house made of timber is set in this way: if only one wood is used for this, then it must be at least 500 mm, and this is quite problematic. Therefore, they use insulation and calculate on average that 50 mm of insulation replaces 150 mm of wood.
Variety of timber thickness

There are several types of timber:

  1. Regular non-profiled. Its cross-section varies from 150 to 220 mm, it is used depending on the purpose, optimal thickness timber for a permanent home - 200-220, for a bathhouse, dachas - 150-220 mm.
  2. Profiled timber. It has specified parameters, having special seats in the form of grooves. During production, logs can be trimmed with an accuracy of 1 mm.
  3. Glued laminated timber. Quite a popular material, made from different breeds wood: larch, spruce or in rare cases cedar. It is produced by cutting logs into boards, then they are dried and treated with antiseptics, and then glued together. Therefore, a very high-quality product with low shrinkage (up to 1%) is obtained.

The choice of timber should take into account the operating characteristics of the building and financial capabilities.

Thickness of timber for a house in the Moscow region

To determine how thick the walls should be in a house made of timber in the Moscow region, you need to take into account the climate zone and the nature of the building itself. Moscow and the Moscow region are located in middle lane climate zone. To calculate the thickness of the walls, a special formula is used in which it is necessary to multiply two indicators, and the resulting result will be the best option.

Let's calculate what thickness of timber is best for building a house. To do this, let's multiply the indicators: the first is the value of heat transfer resistance, it is taken from special reference books and depends on the climatic region, in our case this figure will be equal to 3.2. The second indicator is a coefficient that indicates the thermal conductivity of the material, determined by the type of wood; for pine trees it is 0.15. The result will be the thickness required for a timber wall thickness of 0.48 m. In fact, in production there is no such section and additional insulation has to be used. Let's take advice from professionals: with a timber thickness of 150 mm, 100 mm of insulation is needed, and with 200 mm, 50 mm will be sufficient.

timber has long been used in Rus' for the construction of log buildings. Houses built from wood have always been warm, durable and strong; such buildings did not require repairs over many years of operation. Timber houses have now also become quite popular, especially for construction country houses, because they have an attractive appearance and are environmentally friendly, and their cost is relatively low. Many home craftsmen build such houses with their own hands to save money. Characterized by its simplicity and ease of operation, it has all the advantages of a log and has many other advantages.

To calculate the number of cubes of profiled timber for building a house, you can use the timber calculator.

Advantages of timber.

and projects. Timber is a very flexible building material, so the construction of houses from it is limited only by the designer’s imagination.

Types and types of timber. There are several varieties of timber as a building material, each of the types and types of which has both visual differences and its own unique specifications

. Today there are three main types of timber:

Construction (ordinary) timber. This type of timber

It is a log planed on four sides to give it a rectangular cross-section; it is the simplest and cheapest option for a building material. It has the following advantages over logs:

1. The process of constructing buildings is faster;

2. Greater ease of corner connections;

3. High heat capacity and strength;

4. Low cost. This material is an excellent example of optimal price-quality ratio, according to experts in the construction industry. But this building material also has its drawbacks. These include the need for finishing work when using this type of timber. However, if during the process of finishing the house, the walls are additionally insulated, this will allow the building to be used for year-round living, which allows this disadvantage to be turned into an advantage. It is also necessary to take into account this nuance, buildings from ordinary construction timber

are subject to significant shrinkage (about 20 cm for a two-story building), so the walls will need to be finished at least six months later, after all construction work has been completed. The profiled shape of the beam provides more reliable adhesion of the elements. Types of profiled timber differ only in the structure of the profile. are calculated in such a way as to prevent moisture from penetrating into the inter-crown insulation for the timber. Walls made of profiled timber have a beautiful appearance without additional finishing, so there is no need to caulk them.

Without additional insulation, timber walls are quite difficult to heat in winter period, therefore houses made of this material are suitable only for seasonal living.

The types and types of laminated veneer lumber depend on the wood that serves as the raw material. Combined laminated veneer lumber is considered the highest quality and most practical material; its main feature is that the outer slats are made of larch wood, and the inner ones are made of pine. The larch material for timber is very strong and durable, as it has proven itself to be resistant to rotting and various external influences. Carry out finishing work when using laminated veneer lumber it is possible immediately after completion of construction work; this material is not characterized by such a feature of wood as timber shrinkage, although the properties of natural wood are attributed to it.

This building material has increased heat and sound insulation characteristics, which is another advantage of the timber.

Before you start construction work When using timber, you need to know how to properly connect the beams to each other, for which you need to subject the material to special preparation. Laying a log frame in construction timber houses is one of the most important main stages of construction. A log connection will be needed in two cases: when cutting a corner of a building and in the case of lengthening a beam, when the element was not cut to length.

Methods beam connections are different from logs. Types of cutting corners from timber are practiced today in two ways:

  • With the rest. Or as people call it “into the bowl”;
  • Without a trace. The popular name for the method is “in the tooth”;

The connection of beams with the remainder is of three types:

1. Unilateral. On one side, a notch is made in each element of the beam - a perpendicular groove. The width of such a notch should correspond to the perpendicular beam section. This technology is used by most developers when working with profiled timber, since this type of fastening requires a minimum of effort.

2. Bilateral. When there are cuts on both sides of the beam (top and bottom), a double-sided groove lock is required. The depth of the perpendicular cuts of the beam should be equal to a quarter of the height of the element. This technology can achieve high-quality connections, but carpenters will need a lot of experience, since cracks and chips in the cut are unacceptable.

3. Quadrilateral. Grooves are cut out on all sides of the timber; the use of this joining technology makes it possible to achieve high strength of the log house. The construction process is greatly simplified by cuts that are provided on all sides and all crowns are laid like a construction set. Connecting the corners of the timber in this way especially increases the reliability and strength of the building.

Connecting beams without residue provides the following options, the most popular of which are now:

  • Butt. The simplest type of connection. Two timber element joined and secured with steel studded plates, which are then hammered with nails or staples. This connection option requires a flat surface, because this method provides for an ideal fit of the ends of the joined beams.
  • Using dowels. Fixation using dowels will prevent movement of the joints of connected beams.
  • Connection in the main tenon. This type of connection of beams is the most effective and heat-intensive, so its use is quite common. The groove is cut out on one beam, while a tenon is cut out on the other, the size of which must correspond to the groove. When connecting using this method, an inter-crown insulation must be placed in the groove, for which you can use vegetable felt or flax-jute fabric.

The question of which timber is best for a home is more relevant today than ever before. First of all, the number wooden buildings is increasing everywhere, and in addition, the range of lumber is also becoming more diverse. As a result, it is not surprising for a person who has decided to purchase building materials to make a mistake in his choice.

What kind of timber is there?

Let's try to figure out which timber is best to build a house from for all-season living. Wooden beam are long beams with rectangular shape cross section.

The standard length of the material is 6 or 9 meters with a thickness of 100 to 300 mm.

These standard sizes are considered optimal for construction. If there is a need for a longer length, you can pay attention to Finnish lumber with a length of up to 12 meters.

According to the degree of processing, the timber is divided into the following modifications:

  • edged or sawn timber (raw);
  • planed;
  • polished;
  • profiled.

All long lumber, in accordance with the manufacturing method, is divided into solid, laminated and hollow.

Therefore, to the question what better house from timber or foam block there is no definite answer, because the characteristics of lumber are varied. Again, statistics on the construction of residential buildings made of wood clearly demonstrates that lumber is not inferior to most traditional building materials in terms of thermal conductivity.

Edged timber

Picked up best projects houses made of timber and are looking for an inexpensive, but quality material for their implementation? In this case, you will probably be interested in the classic trim modification.

Essentially this is wooden product, obtained in the process of cutting a tree trunk. Edges are sawn off from a solid log in a horizontal and vertical plane. The result is a beam with a square cross-section with four flat but rough sides.

As a rule, this type of lumber is sold with a natural moisture level. Therefore, during the purchasing process, it is advisable to examine the product for any distortions caused by improper storage.

In the photo - edged timber

The range of standard sizes includes cross sections 250 x 250, 150 x 200, 150 x 150, 100 x 150 and 100 x 100 mm.

Thus, you can select the material as required by the instructions for building a full-fledged cottage or constructing ancillary buildings.

One of the many disadvantages of this type of timber is the need to use inter-crown seals based on jute fabric or natural moss. In the latter case, the insulated walls must be caulked with jute or hemp-linen twine. The fact is that the absence of additional compaction allows precipitation to seep into the cracks when it hits the walls.

As a result, dampness may appear at the junction of the beams and fungus may spread. An equally significant problem with such material is deformation during the drying process.

Planed and sanded material

Don't know which timber is best for building a house? Pay attention to planed and sanded lumber. Such products are not only cut on all sides, but also planed or even ground to a state of optimal smoothness.

Depending on the production technology, beams can be processed from one, two or all sides. Moreover, the corners of the product can be chamfered. The advantages of such timber are optimal appearance combined with ease of use when building a house. .

Important: You need to be careful when choosing these lumber, since planed timber is often sold instead of sanded timber.

Profiled timber

Sometimes it is not easy to decide which size of timber is best for building a house, but it is equally important to decide on the cross-sectional shape. Profile lumber is the most progressive and technologically advanced category of timber. These lumber differ from others by the presence of a locking joint.

Thereby constructive difference, the crown of one beam fits into the other with maximum density. The design of the product is such that two sides are smooth - internal and external. The top and bottom sides are equipped with fastening elements.

Although the price is slightly higher than the cost of untreated edged beams, purchasing them is a profitable and worthwhile investment.

Currently, the market offers lumber with two main types of profiles: “German” tongue-and-groove (multi-ridge) and “Finnish” with special notches (crown cups). Based on the two types of profiles, various manufacturers are developing new modifications that correspond to the characteristics of a particular construction.

What is it made of

If you have selected the best designs for wooden houses made of timber, it’s time to decide what raw materials the building material should be made from. In order for the constructed cottage to be reliable, durable and comfortable, it is advisable to use drier winter wood.

How to distinguish high-quality dry lumber from raw beams? If you decide to build a house with your own hands, use materials with light-colored ends. Such wood is easy to saw, and there is no waviness on the longitudinal cuts.

Tip: the heartwood of wood harvested in winter has a high starch content. It is not so difficult to verify this; to do this, you need to drop iodine onto the cut and the stain should turn blue.

To avoid later wondering which house is better made of timber or foam blocks, pay attention to the side surface of each beam. If possible, the wood should have an even angular cut line, be smooth, without knots and bark residues.

Features of Finnish timber

Can't decide which house is better, brick or timber? In this case, pay attention to elite lumber made according to Finnish technology.

Among characteristic features In this material we note the following:

  • The annual rings in the lamellas are directed towards the center of the section, that is, in opposite directions from each other.
  • In the production of these lumber, gluing is used, a process in which fragments of wood of the same color are connected.
  • The slats are spliced ​​vertically every 4–6 meters, thereby achieving best view And greatest strength finished product.
  • In production, exclusively thick lamellas are used. The question of what thickness of timber is best for building a house in this case is more relevant than ever. After all, this is done so that after gluing the wood does not lose its original breathability. In accordance with the technology, the wood is impregnated with glue to a depth of 2 cm. As a result of the use of thick lamellas, the lumber is impregnated with glue not completely, but superficially.
  • Glued laminated timber manufactured abroad using Finnish technology costs twice as much as domestically produced analogues.

Composite materials

Are being built everywhere best houses from timber. Both traditional lumber and products produced in accordance with the most advanced technologies are used as the main building material. In the last couple of years, hollow and packaged varieties of timber have appeared on the market.

Both modifications are a wooden block that is hollow on the inside. This design consists of two boards of a certain thickness with end elements and jumpers. The difference between the two modifications is that the hollow beam is used with air space inside, while the package modification is filled with insulation (based on foam glass or mineral wool).

The advantage of building materials with an air gap is low thermal conductivity and, as a result, the energy efficiency of the house. When it comes to modifications with filler, the question of which house is better from foam blocks or from timber is generally inappropriate. According to the latest data, composite walls retain heat 1.5 times better than masonry made from traditional building materials.

Another new development of the composite type is thermal timber, made of two boards with a polyurethane foam layer. Manufacturers of these materials claim that the degree of thermal conductivity of such walls with a thickness of 160 mm corresponds to the parameters of laminated solid timber with a width of 390 mm. In addition, the cost of the two types of buildings is the same.

Thus, the advantages of the technology are obvious. As for the shortcomings, in all likelihood they also exist, but since the statistics on the use of such materials are insignificant, it is too early to draw any conclusions.

Chamber drying

Don’t know when is the best time to build a house from timber? Yes, in fact, whenever you want, the main thing is that there is no precipitation and that the material does not lose its original degree of moisture. Optimal humidity- this is the condition due to which construction is carried out quickly without long-term shrinkage.

The best moisture content parameters in construction wood range from 15 to 20%. Drying in special chambers allows you to achieve such parameters. As a rule, the workpiece is dried immediately after sawing the log. Subsequently, the dry wood is sanded, profiled, etc.



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