We will help you understand the concepts associated with control units for heating and hot water systems, as well as the conditions and methods of using these units. After all, inaccuracy of terminology can lead to confusion in determining, for example, the permitted type of work during the overhaul of a multi-unit building.

The equipment of the control unit reduces the consumption of thermal energy to the standard level when it enters the MKD in an increased volume. A common terminology must correctly reflect the functional load that such equipment carries. There is no desired unity yet. And misunderstandings arise, for example, when replacing a unit of an outdated design with a modern automated one is called unit modernization. In this case, the outdated unit will not be improved, that is, not modernized, but simply replaced with a new one. Replacement and modernization are independent species works

Let's figure out what it is - automated control unit.

What types of control units are there for heating and water supply systems?

Control units for any type of energy or resource include equipment that directs this energy (or resource) to consumers and, if necessary, regulates its parameters. Even a collector in a house can be classified as a thermal energy control unit, receiving coolant with the parameters necessary for the heating system and directing it to various branches of this system.

In MKDs connected to a heating network with high coolant parameters (water superheated to 150 °C), elevator units and automated control units can be installed. DHW parameters can also be adjusted.

In the elevator unit, the coolant parameters (temperature and pressure) are reduced to the specified values, that is, one of the main control functions is carried out - regulation.

In an automated control unit, automation with feedback regulates the parameters of the coolant, ensuring the desired air temperature in the room, regardless of outside temperature air, and maintains the required pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines.

Automated heating system control units (AHU SO) can be of two types.

In the first type CO control unit, the coolant temperature is brought to the specified values ​​by mixing water from the supply and return pipelines using network pumps, without installing an elevator. The process is carried out automatically using feedback from a temperature sensor installed in the room. The coolant pressure is also automatically adjusted.

Manufacturers give automated units of this type a variety of names: heat control unit, unit weather regulation, weather control unit, weather control mixing unit, automated mixing unit, etc.

Subtlety

The adjustment must be complete

Some enterprises produce automated units that regulate only the temperature of the coolant. The absence of a pressure regulator can cause an accident.

AUU SO of the second type includes plate heat exchangers and forms independent system heating. Manufacturers often call them heating points. This is not true and causes confusion when placing orders.

In MKD hot water supply systems, liquid thermostats (TRR) can be installed, which regulate the water temperature, and automated control units DHW system, providing water supply at a given temperature according to an independent circuit.

As you can see, not only automated nodes can be classified as control nodes. And the opinion that outdated elevator units and TRZ are incompatible with this concept is incorrect.

The formation of an erroneous opinion was influenced by the wording in Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation: “nodes for controlling and regulating the consumption of thermal energy, hot and cold water, gas." It cannot be called correct. Firstly, regulation is one of the functions of management, and this word should not have been used in the above context. Secondly, the word “consumption” can also be considered redundant: all the energy entering the node is consumed and measured by instruments. At the same time, there is no information about the target to which the control unit directs thermal energy. We can say more specifically: a control unit for thermal energy spent on heating (or hot water supply).

By managing thermal energy, we ultimately control heating or hot water systems. Therefore, we will use the terms “heating system control unit” and “DHW system control unit.”

Automated nodes are new generation control nodes. They respond the most modern requirements requirements for the subject of control of heating and hot water systems, and make it possible to raise the technological level of these systems to complete automation of the processes of regulating the parameters of the temperature regime of air in the premises and water in the hot water supply, as well as automation of heat consumption metering.

Elevator units and TRZ, due to their design, cannot meet the above requirements. Therefore, we classify them as control units of the previous (old) generation.

So, let's summarize the first results. There are four types of control units for heating and hot water systems. When choosing a control unit, find out what type it is.

Can you trust the names?

Manufacturers of control units based on mixing coolant from the supply and return pipelines often call their products weather regulators. This name does not reflect their properties and purpose at all.

The automated control unit does not regulate the weather. Depending on the outside air temperature, it regulates the temperature of the coolant. This way the room maintains the desired air temperature. But automated units with heat exchangers and even elevator units do the same thing (but with less accuracy).

Therefore, let’s clarify the name: automated unit (mixing type) for controlling the heating system. Next, you can add its name assigned by the manufacturer.

Manufacturers of automated control units with heat exchangers usually call their products heat points (TS). Let's turn to the regulatory documents.

To make sure that it is incorrect to identify automated units with TP, let us turn to SNiP 41-02-2003 and their updated version - SP 124.13330.2012.

SNiP 41-02-2003 “Heat networks” considers a heating point as a separate room that meets special requirements, which houses a set of equipment for connecting thermal energy consumers to the heating network and giving this energy the specified parameters for temperature and pressure.

SP 124.13330.2012 defines a heat station as a structure with a set of equipment that allows you to change the thermal and hydraulic conditions of the coolant, provide accounting and regulation of the consumption of thermal energy and coolant. This is a good definition of a TP, to which the function of connecting equipment to the heating network should be added.

In the Rules technical operation thermal power plants (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) TP is a set of devices located in a separate room, providing connection to the heating network, control of heat distribution modes and regulation of coolant parameters.

In all cases, the TP links together the complex of equipment and the room in which it is located.

SNiP divides heating points into free-standing, attached to buildings and built into buildings. In MKD, TPs are usually built-in.

The heating point can be group or individual - serving one building or part of a building.

Now let's formulate a correct definition.

An individual heating point (IHP) is a room in which a set of equipment is installed for connecting to the heating network and supplying consumers with an MKD or one part of the coolant with regulation of its thermal and hydraulic mode to give the parameters of the coolant a given value for temperature and pressure.

In this definition of ITP, the main importance is given to the room in which the equipment is located. This was done, firstly, because such a definition is more consistent with the definition presented in SNiP and SP. Secondly, it warns about the incorrectness of using the concepts ITP, TP and the like to designate automated control units for heating and hot water supply systems manufactured at various enterprises.

Let us also clarify the name of the control unit of the type under consideration: an automated unit (with heat exchangers) for controlling the heating system. Manufacturers may indicate their own product name.

How to qualify work with the control unit

Certain works are associated with the use of automated control units:

• installation of control unit;
• repair of control unit;
• replacing the control unit with a similar one;
• modernization of the control unit;
• replacement of an outdated design unit with a new generation unit.

Let us clarify what meaning is embedded in each of the listed works.

Installation of the control unit implies its absence and the need for installation in the MKD. This situation may arise, for example, when two or more houses are connected to one elevator unit (houses on a coupling) and it is necessary to install an elevator unit on each house to be able to separately account for heat energy consumption and increase responsibility for the operation of the entire heating system in each house. You can install any control unit.

Repair of the control unit of engineering systems ensures the elimination of physical wear and tear with the possibility of partial elimination of obsolescence.

Replacing the unit with a similar one that does not have physical wear assumes the same result as when repairing the unit, and can be done instead of repair.

Modernization of a unit means its renewal, improvement with the complete elimination of physical and partial obsolescence within the existing design of the unit. Both direct improvement of an existing unit and its replacement with an improved unit are all types of modernization. An example is the replacement elevator unit to a similar node with adjustable nozzle elevator

Replacing units of an outdated design with units of a new generation involves the installation of automated control units for heating and hot water systems instead of elevator units and fuel distribution units. In this case, physical and moral wear and tear is completely eliminated.

All these are independent types of work. This conclusion is confirmed by Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation, where as an example independent work The installation of the thermal energy control unit is shown.

Why do you need to determine the type of work?

Why is it so important to classify this or that work related to control units as a certain type of independent work? This is of fundamental importance when performing selective overhaul. Such repairs are carried out from the capital repair fund, formed through mandatory contributions from the owners of premises to the apartment building.

The list of works on selective major repairs is given in Part 1 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The independent works mentioned above were not included in it. However, in Part 2 of Art. 166 of the RF Housing Code states that a subject of the Russian Federation may supplement this list with other works by the relevant law. In this case, it becomes fundamentally important that the wording included in the list of work corresponds to the nature of the planned use of the control unit. Simply put, if a unit was to be modernized, then the list should include work with exactly the same name.

Example

St. Petersburg expanded the list of overhaul works

In 2016, the Law of St. Petersburg dated December 11, 2013 No. 690-120 “On major repairs of common property in apartment buildings in St. Petersburg” included the following independent work in the list of works for selective major repairs: installation of control units and regulation of thermal energy, hot and cold water, electricity, gas.

The wording is completely borrowed from the Housing Code of the Russian Federation with all the inaccuracies that we noted earlier. At the same time, it clearly indicates the possibility of installing a control unit and regulation of thermal energy, i.e., a control unit for the heating system and hot water supply system, during selective major repairs carried out in accordance with this law.

The need to perform such independent work is due to the desire to separate houses on a coupling, i.e., houses whose heating systems receive coolant from one elevator unit, and install on each house its own heating system control unit.

The amendment made to the law of St. Petersburg allows the installation of both a simple elevator unit and any automated control unit for engineering systems. But it does not allow, for example, replacing an elevator unit with an automated control unit at the expense of the capital repair fund.

Important!

Automated mixing units, which do not include a pressure regulator, are not recommended for use in high-temperature heat supply networks. Automated DHW system control units should be installed only with heat exchangers that form closed system DHW.

conclusions

1. Control nodes include all nodes that direct energy into the heating or hot water system with the regulation of its parameters - from outdated elevators and fuel distribution centers to modern automated nodes.
2. When considering proposals from manufacturers and suppliers of automated control units, it is necessary to beautiful names weather regulators and heating points to recognize which of the following types of components the proposed product belongs to:

• automated mixing-type unit for heating system control;
• automated unit with heat exchangers for controlling a heating system or hot water supply system.

After defining the type automated node its purpose should be studied in detail, specifications, cost of the product and installation work, operating conditions, frequency of repair and replacement of equipment, operating costs and other factors.

1. When deciding to use an automated control unit for engineering systems during selective major repairs of apartment buildings, you need to make sure that the selected type of independent work for installation, repair, modernization or replacement of the control unit exactly corresponds to the name of the work included in the list of capital works by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation MKD repair. Otherwise, the selected type of work to use the control unit will not be paid for from the capital repair fund.

Automated heating system control unit is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside air temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.

The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.

IN automated heating system control unit Control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss were installed. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.

The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.

Operating mode automated heating system control unit in winter, 24 hours a day, the temperature is maintained in accordance with temperature chart with correction for return water temperature.

At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode can be provided in heated rooms at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.

Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by lowering the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings at automatic regulation can amount to up to 25% of annual costs. During the summer, the automated unit does not work.

A promising approach to resolving this situation is the commissioning of automated heating points with a commercial heat metering unit, which reflects the actual consumption of thermal energy by the consumer and allows you to track the current and total heat consumption for a given period of time.

Target audience, solutions:

Commissioning of automated heating points with a commercial heat metering unit allows you to solve the following problems:

JSC Energo:

1. increased reliability of equipment operation, as a result, a reduction in accidents and funds for their elimination;
2. accuracy of heating network adjustment;
3. reduction of water treatment costs;
4. reduction of repair areas;
5. high degree of dispatching and archiving.

housing and communal services, municipal management enterprise (MUP), management company (MC):

• no need for constant plumbing and operator intervention in the operation of the heating unit;
• reduction of service personnel;
• payment for actually consumed thermal energy without losses;
• reducing losses for recharging the system;
• release of free space;
• durability and high maintainability;
• comfort and ease of heat load control. Design organizations:
• strict compliance with technical specifications;
• wide choice of circuit solutions;
• high degree of automation;
• big choice equipping heating points with engineering equipment;
• high energy efficiency. Industrial enterprises:
• high degree of redundancy, especially important for continuous technological processes;
• accounting and strict adherence to high-tech processes;
• possibility of using condensate in the presence of process steam;
• temperature control in workshops;
• adjustable selection of hot water and steam;
• reduction in recharge, etc.

Description

Heating points are divided into:

1. individual heating points (IHP), used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of one building or part of it;
2. central heating points (CHS) performing the same functions as IHP for two or more buildings.

One of the priority activities of the company ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh is the production of block automated heating units using modern technologies, equipment and materials.

Heating units manufactured on a single frame in a modular design with high factory readiness, called block units, hereinafter referred to as BTP, are becoming increasingly used. BHP is a complete factory product designed to transfer thermal energy from a thermal power plant or boiler room to a heating, ventilation and hot water supply system. The BTP includes the following equipment: heat exchangers, controller (electrical control panel), direct-acting regulators, control valves with electric drive, pumps, control and measuring instruments (instruments), shut-off valves, etc. Instruments and sensors provide measurement and control of coolant parameters and issue signals to the controller about parameters going beyond acceptable values. The controller allows you to control the following BTP systems in automatic and manual mode:

Regulating the flow, temperature and pressure of the coolant from the heating network in accordance with the technical conditions of the heat supply;

Regulating the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, taking into account the outside temperature, time of day and working day;

Heating water for hot water supply and maintaining the temperature within sanitary standards;

Protection of heating and hot water system circuits from emptying during planned shutdowns for repairs or network accidents;

Accumulation DHW water, allowing to compensate for peak consumption during peak load hours;

1. frequency control of the pump drive and protection against “dry running”;
2. control, notification and archiving of emergency situations, etc.

The design of the BTP varies depending on the connection schemes used in each individual case for heat consumption systems, the type of heat supply system, as well as specific technical specifications project and customer wishes.

Schemes for connecting BTP to heating networks

In Fig. 1-3 show the most common schemes for connecting heating points to heating networks.

Application of shell-and-tube or plate heat exchangers in BHP?

In heating points of most buildings, as a rule, shell-and-tube heat exchangers and direct-acting hydraulic regulators are installed. In most cases, this equipment has exhausted its service life and also operates in modes that do not correspond to the design ones. The latter circumstance is due to the fact that actual heat loads are currently maintained at a level significantly lower than the design one. The control equipment does not perform its functions in case of significant deviations from the design mode.

When reconstructing heat supply systems, it is recommended to use modern equipment that is compact, operates in a fully automatic mode and provides energy savings of up to 30% compared to equipment used in the 60-70s. In modern heating stations it is usually used independent circuit connection of heating and hot water supply systems, made on the basis of plate heat exchangers. Electronic regulators and specialized controllers are used to control thermal processes. Modern plate heat exchangers are several times lighter and smaller than shell-and-tube heat exchangers of the same power. The compactness and low weight of plate heat exchangers greatly facilitate installation, maintenance and Maintenance heating point equipment.

Recommendations for the selection of shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers are given in SP 41-101-95. Design of heating points. The calculation of plate heat exchangers is based on a system of criterion equations. However, before proceeding with the calculation of the heat exchanger, it is necessary to calculate the optimal distribution DHW loads between the heater stages and temperature regime each stage, taking into account the method of regulating heat supply from the heat source and connection diagrams for DHW heaters.

The company ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh has its own proven thermal and hydraulic calculation, allowing you to select Funke brazed and gasketed plate heat exchangers that fully satisfy customer requirements.

BTP manufactured by TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC

The basis of the BHP of TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC are collapsible plate heat exchangers Funke, which have proven themselves in harsh Russian conditions. They are reliable, easy to maintain and durable. Heat meters are used as commercial heat metering units that have an interface output to the upper control level and allow reading the consumed amount of heat. To maintain the set temperature in the hot water supply system, as well as regulate the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, a dual-circuit regulator is used. Controlling the operation of pumps, collecting data from the heat meter, controlling the regulator, monitoring the general condition of the battery pump, communication with the upper level of control (dispatching) is performed by a controller that is compatible with a personal computer.

The regulator has two independent coolant temperature control circuits. One provides temperature control in the heating system depending on a schedule that takes into account the outside air temperature, time of day, day of the week, etc. The other supports set temperature in the hot water supply system. You can work with the device either locally, using the built-in keyboard and display panel, or remotely via an interface communication line.

The controller has several discrete inputs and outputs. The discrete inputs receive signals from sensors regarding the operation of pumps, penetration into the premises of a storage tank, fire, flooding, etc. All this information is delivered to the upper dispatch level. Through the discrete outputs of the controller, the operation of pumps and regulators is controlled according to any user algorithms specified at the design stage. It is possible to change these algorithms from the top management level.

The controller can be programmed to work with a heat meter, providing heat consumption data to the control center. It also communicates with the regulator. All instruments and communication equipment are mounted in a small control cabinet. Its placement is determined at the design stage.

In the vast majority of cases, when reconstructing old heat supply systems and creating new ones, it is advisable to use BTP. BTP, being assembled and tested in factory conditions, are reliable. Installation of equipment is simplified and cheaper, which ultimately reduces the total cost of reconstruction or new construction. Each BTP project of TeploKomplektMontazh CJSC is individual and takes into account all the features of the customer’s heating point: structure heat consumption, hydraulic resistance, circuit designs of heating points, permissible pressure losses in heat exchangers, room dimensions, quality tap water and much more.

Types of activities of JSC "TeploKomplektMontazh" in the field of industrial safety equipment

CJSC "TeploKomplektMontazh" performs the following types of work in the field of safety equipment:

1. drawing up technical specifications for the BTP project;
2. BTP design;
3. coordination technical solutions on BTP projects;
4. engineering support and project support;
5. selection of the optimal option for equipment and automation of the BTP, taking into account all customer requirements;
6. installation of BTP;
7. carrying out commissioning works;
8. putting the heating point into operation;
9. Warranty and post-warranty maintenance of heating units.

CJSC TeploKomplektMontazh successfully develops energy-efficient heat supply systems, engineering systems, and also deals with design, installation, reconstruction, automation, and provides warranty and post-warranty maintenance of BTP. A flexible system of discounts and a wide selection of components distinguishes BTP ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh from others. BTP ZAO TeploKomplektMontazh is a way to reduce energy costs and ensure maximum comfort.

Best regards, JSC
"TeploKomplektMontazh"

The modern world has long been unable to cope without innovative technologies. There is not a single technology or system that does not use revolutionary solutions. The heating system was no exception. This is due to the fact that this is a fairly significant technology, which is designed to ensure a comfortable existence.

For obvious reasons, when designing a house, it is important to Special attention. Since ancient times, houses were built from the stove, that is, first the stove was built, and then it was covered with walls and a ceiling. This was done for a reason; for this we need to say “thank you” to our climate.

Starting from middle zone our vast country and ending with distant Sakhalin, rather uncomfortable temperatures reign for most of the year. The thermometer ranges from +30 to -50 degrees.

Due to the rather complex temperature resonance, the heating system is as important as the electrical supply. Previously, a competent stove maker who knew how to make a proper stove was valued at the level of a blacksmith. After all, you need to correctly calculate the size of the firebox, the diameter of the chimney, and besides, the stove had to be multifunctional:

• food was prepared in it;
• it heated the room;
• warmed up the water;
• served as a small sleeping place.

That is why the construction of the furnace was complex and time-consuming. It had to have sufficient draft to ensure that all combustion products did not enter the room. But with all this, she had to be economical.

Today, fundamentally little has changed. The main functions and requirements for the heating system remain the same:

• saving;
• maximum efficiency;
• multifunctionality;
• simplicity of design;
• quality and durability;
• minimal operating costs;
• safety.

Fire was the first source of heat for humans. And even now its relevance has not lost its significance. The most primitive way of heating was to make a fire, which provided protection from predators, low temperatures, and served as a source of light.

Further, over time, humanity began to tame the gift of Hermes. Ovens appeared, they were usually built from clay and stones. Later, with the advancement of technology, they began to use ceramic brick. And that's when the first ones appeared.

Steel furnaces appeared much later; they determined the formation of the Steel Age. The fuel for the stoves was coal, wood, and peat. With the gasification of cities, furnaces became available. And all this time, man sought to improve the heating system.

Structure

In order to determine and compile the main functions and tasks, you will need to understand the structure and operating principle of the heating system itself.

Closed heating systems have become widespread. They usually consist of one or two closed circuits. There are more complex systems. The heated house includes:

• boiler;
• boiler;
• pipelines;
• controls;
• control sensors and relays;
• backup heat sources.

Each node is responsible for its functions and they all together form a heating system.

Nodes

The boiler is the heart of the system. It converts either electrical energy, or hydrocarbon fuel into thermal energy. It is within his competence to heat the coolant in order to transfer heat through it to the destination.

Boilers are classified according to the fuel they consume:

Gas heating in the house

• gas boilers;
• liquid fuel boilers (diesel fuel or kerosene).

Boilers must be installed in a well-ventilated area. In the case of gas fuel, there must be a connection plan, and it must be under the control of the sponsored gas service.

Boilers do not require a certain supply of flammable liquid for full operation. The most economical boiler is a gas boiler.

Boiler - performs the task of heating water, which will flow through the water supply into taps and mixers. Since the main coolant circulates in a closed system and is of poor quality, and recently, instead of water, antifreeze is used as a coolant, so directly through the boiler warm water doesn't work. It is heated in a special tank, which is connected to the boiler.

Thus, pure water does not mix with process water in any way. Heating occurs through the walls of the pipelines that surround the internal contour of the tank. When assembled, this tank is the boiler.

Circulation pumps are designed to create directed movement of coolant through pipelines. The advent of pumps led to the emergence of an increasingly sophisticated heating system. Houses became multi-story, there was more than one circuit, and the natural (convection) flow of water through pipelines became ineffective.

With the use of circulation pumps, the distribution of heat throughout the rooms has become significantly better, and the diameter of the pipelines has been significantly reduced. In addition, when using underfloor heating with liquid heating, installing a circulation pump becomes vital.

Pipelines serve as overpasses for fluid that transfers heat from the source to the consumer. They must withstand high temperatures up to 80 degrees, and at the same time must withstand the pressure created by the pumps. Their walls are required to create minimal resistance to the coolant current for a long time, thereby achieving savings on electricity. After all, the pumps run on electricity.

Radiators short circuit technological process for heating the room. They dissipate the heat that came from the boiler with the coolant.

The heating system must be backed up. If the boiler fails, during its repair or replacement, there must be a backup heat source. It should prevent the whole house from getting cold.

Purpose of heating automation

Many manufacturers unanimously insist that their automation allows you to save energy, be it gas, diesel fuel or electricity. This is a little different. Of course, there is a saving factor, but the system itself was designed primarily to maintain the microclimate in the house.

The operating principle of the system depends on the ambient temperature and the indoor temperature. Information on the lower and upper temperature limits is entered into the system in advance. In case of deviations, the automation makes a decision to turn on or turn off the heat sources.

The control is carried out by thermometers. Data from these sensors enters the control unit, which analyzes many parameters. Modern automatic systems are able to regulate daily air temperature.

All components in the heating system are monitored and controlled. When the temperature in the room drops beyond the minimum limits, temperature sensors record this process.

According to the programmed program, the boiler is started, when the boiler is heated to desired temperature turns on circulation pump. After a short time, the entire heating system of the house is heated to operating temperatures and after the house has warmed up, the system goes into either sleep mode or heat maintenance mode.
Any modern automation allows you to work:

Automation system for managing systems in the house

• in manual mode;
• in automatic mode;
• in remote control mode.

Everything is clear with the first two operating modes of the system, but the remote mode is a revolutionary solution that became available quite recently. Upon implementation GSM module, wireless information exchange has become available. Now, thanks to the GSM channel, the following features are available:

• remote monitoring of the condition of your home;
• control of the heating system via mobile devices;
• receiving signals from the system to you about emergency situations.

Summary

Thanks to the automated system, living in a private house not connected to central system heating has become much more comfortable and safer. And thanks to remote monitoring and control, it has become possible to leave the home unattended. In addition, automation will soon pay for itself due to savings in energy consumption.

The share of heating costs is predominant in utility bills throughout our country. Moreover, in the northern regions, as well as where imported fuel oil is used as fuel, thermal energy is especially expensive. For this reason, the issue of economical consumption and reasonable use of thermal energy is one of the most pressing today.
As you know, saving begins with accounting. Today, meters of thermal energy supplied to the apartment house. Statistics show that this simple measure has reduced heating costs by 20, and sometimes even 30%. But this is not enough, we need to move on and the vector of this movement should be directed towards apartment-by-apartment heat metering and reducing energy consumption depending on the reduction in energy needs.
To do this, it will be necessary to reconstruct the elevator input and install a control unit for the heat supply system with automatic regulation of its operation depending on the outside air temperature. It is also necessary to install pumps with frequency control of their operation. Most efficient system will be when installing a temperature control sensor and a heat energy consumption meter on each heating radiator.
Of course, this will require funds, which, according to preliminary calculations, should be recouped within two years of operation of the system. You can use funds from the federal program to improve efficiency of use energy resources, take out a loan and repay it using monthly money received from residents, highlighting a separate column for the costs of reconstructing the heating system. You can simply “chip in” and thereby stop throwing your own money into environment together with irrationally used thermal energy.
The main thing is to understand that the heating system that exists today, especially during the off-season, is like a fire lit on the balcony: it warms, but not what is needed.

Perfect option
Ideal option heating system for the consumer is heating network, automatically maintaining the set temperature in each room. At the same time, the motivation for residents to install and use it should be not only comfortable conditions residence (you can simply regulate the temperature by opening the balcony door or window to the street), but also a reduction in heating fees.
For this you need apartment system metering of thermal energy consumption. Sales companies insist that in our country, with its traditional vertical distribution of the heating system, it is impossible to install a heat meter in every apartment, but at the same time they lose sight of (or there is simply no desire to see and take into account) that heat meters can be installed in every heating radiator, without changing the two-pipe or single-pipe vertical heat distribution to horizontal.
When calculating for heat, it is enough to sum up the readings of all meters. Even an elementary school student can handle this.
Individual metering of thermal energy will allow you to consciously save heat by stopping its supply to those rooms where no one is temporarily living or simply preferring to be in a cool room. To do this, you can turn off the taps installed on each radiator.
But there is another way to regulate heat consumption: using a radiator thermostat, consisting of a valve and a thermostatic head. The operating principle of the system is simple: the movement of a valve embedded in a pipe is controlled by thermostatic head, responding to changes in temperature in the room: when it’s hot, the valve closes the pipe; when it’s cold, on the contrary, it opens. At the same time, using manual control, you can configure the device as you wish: if you like it to be hot, set maximum temperature on the regulator you want to get indoors.
There are thermostats that can be used to regulate the temperature in the room depending on the time of day: no one is home during the day, the heating can be turned off, and turned on in the evening.
It would seem that everything is simple: meters can be installed in every apartment, the amount of thermal energy can be increased or decreased, and heating fees can be saved. But at the same time, the system for regulating the distribution of thermal energy throughout the house, that is, the traditional elevator input, is overlooked.

Operating principle of the hydraulic elevator
The hydraulic elevator is supplied with coolant from the main pipeline. Its pressure is regulated using a conventional valve. At the same time, the temperature of the network water is so high that it cannot be supplied directly to consumers, so the network water in the hydraulic elevator is mixed with the already cooled return water.
If the coolant completes a cycle of movement through the heating system and does not consume the reserve of thermal energy, which will certainly happen when the heating devices are turned off, it will flow into the elevator hot water from the network and hot water from the return pipeline.
The hydraulic elevator has no feedback from the main pipeline and cannot reduce the pressure of the network water. As a result, consumers who have heating devices are not shut off and operating at full capacity, too hot water will be directed, which will lead to damage to the equipment.
In this case, the thermal energy meter will not record a decrease in heat consumption, and the sales company will note overheating and impose penalties. It turns out that all efforts to reduce heating costs were made in vain.

What to do
We need a heating point with automatic system regulation of network water supply

1. Hydraulic elevator
2. Electric drive
3. Control system
4. Temperature sensor
5. Coolant temperature sensor in the supply pipeline
6. Coolant temperature sensor in the return pipeline

It uses a heat exchanger in which it mixes network water and water from the main pipeline. IN heating system It is this “mixture” that is served. Its temperature is measured and if the permissible value is exceeded, the main water supply is shut off, which leads to a reduction in thermal energy consumption.
As a result, thermal energy consumption can be controlled.

An automated control unit for a heating system is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.

The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.

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Automated heating system control unit

Characteristics

No. type AUU	Q, Gcal/h	G, t/h	Length, mm	Width, mm	Height, mm	Weight, kg
1	0,15	3,8	1730	690	1346	410
2	0,30	7,5	1730	710	1346	420
3	0,45	11,25	2020	750	1385	445
4	0,60	15	2020	750	1425	585
5	0,75	18,75	2020	750	1425	590
6	0,90	22,5	2020	800	1425	595
7	1,05	26,25	2020	800	1425	600
8	1,20	30	2500	950	1495	665
9	1,35	33,75	2500	950	1495	665
10	1,50	37,5	2500	950	1495	665

The automated control unit for the heating system contains control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.

The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.

Operating mode of the automated heating system control unit in winter time 24/7, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.

At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.

Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by lowering the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% of annual consumption. IN summer period the automated node is not working.

The plant produces automated heating system control units, their installation, commissioning, warranty and service.

Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.

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