Each heating system has certain characteristics. These include power, heat dissipation and temperature regime work. They determine the efficiency of work, directly affecting the comfort of living in the house. How to choose the right temperature schedule and heating mode, and its calculation?

Drawing up a temperature chart

Temperature chart The operation of the heating system is calculated using several parameters. Not only the degree of heating of the premises, but also the coolant consumption depends on the selected mode. This also affects the current costs of heating maintenance.

The compiled heating temperature schedule depends on several parameters. The main one is the level of water heating in the mains. It, in turn, consists of the following characteristics:

• Temperature in the supply and return pipes. Measurements are taken in the corresponding boiler nozzles;
• Characteristics of the degree of air heating indoors and outdoors.

Correct calculation of the heating temperature schedule begins with calculating the difference between the temperatures hot water in the direct and supply pipes. This value has the following designation:

∆T=Tin-Tob

Where Tin– water temperature in the supply line, Tob– degree of water heating in the return pipe.

To increase the heat transfer of the heating system, it is necessary to increase the first value. To reduce coolant flow, ∆t should be minimal. This is precisely the main difficulty, since the temperature schedule of the heating boiler directly depends on external factors– heat losses in the building, air outside.

To optimize heating power, it is necessary to insulate the external walls of the house. This will reduce heat losses and energy consumption.

Temperature calculation

To determine the optimal temperature regime, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of heating components - radiators and batteries. In particular - power density(W/cm²). This will directly affect the thermal transfer of heated water to the air in the room.

It is also necessary to make a number of preliminary calculations. This takes into account the characteristics of the house and heating devices:

• Heat transfer resistance coefficient of external walls and window designs. It must be at least 3.35 m²*C/W. Depends on climatic features region;
• Surface power of radiators.

The temperature graph of the heating system is directly dependent on these parameters. To calculate the heat loss of a house, you need to know the thickness of the external walls and the material of the building. The surface power of batteries is calculated using the following formula:

Ore=P/Fact

Where R – maximum power, W, fact– radiator area, cm².

According to the data obtained, a temperature regime for heating and a heat transfer graph are drawn up depending on the outside temperature.

To change heating parameters in a timely manner, install a heating temperature regulator. This device connects to outdoor and indoor thermometers. Depending on the current indicators, the operation of the boiler or the volume of coolant flow into the radiators is adjusted.

The weekly programmer is the optimal heating temperature regulator. With its help, you can automate the operation of the entire system as much as possible.

Central heating

For district heating The temperature regime of the heating system depends on the characteristics of the system. Currently, there are several types of coolant parameters supplied to consumers:

• 150°C/70°C. To normalize the water temperature, the elevator unit mixes it with the cooled stream. IN in this case you can create an individual temperature schedule for a heating boiler room for a specific home;
• 90°С/70°С. Typical for small private heating systems designed to supply heat to several apartment buildings. In this case, you do not need to install the mixing unit.

In duty utilities includes temperature calculation heating schedule and control of its parameters. In this case, the degree of air heating in residential premises should be at +22°C. For non-residential residents this figure is slightly lower – +16°C.

For centralized system drawing up a correct temperature schedule for the heating boiler room is required to ensure optimal comfortable temperature in apartments. The main problem is the lack feedback– it is impossible to regulate the coolant parameters depending on the degree of air heating in each apartment. That is why a temperature graph of the heating system is drawn up.

A copy of the heating schedule can be requested from the Management Company. With its help you can control the quality of the services provided.

Heating system

Do similar calculations for autonomous systems Heating a private home is often not necessary. If the circuit includes indoor and outdoor temperature sensors, information about them will be sent to the boiler control unit.

Therefore, to reduce energy consumption, low-temperature heating modes are most often chosen. It is characterized by relatively low heating of water (up to +70°C) and a high degree of circulation. This is necessary for uniform heat distribution across all heating devices.

To implement such a temperature regime for the heating system, the following conditions will need to be met:

• Minimum heat losses in the house. However, one should not forget about normal air exchange - ventilation is mandatory;
• High thermal output of radiators;
• Installation automatic regulators heating temperatures.

If there is a need to perform a correct calculation of the system’s operation, it is recommended to use special software systems. There are too many factors to take into account to calculate on your own. But with their help you can create approximate temperature graphs of heating modes.

However, it should be borne in mind that an accurate calculation of the heat supply temperature schedule is done for each system individually. The tables show the recommended values ​​for the degree of heating of the coolant in the supply and return pipes depending on the outside temperature. When performing calculations, the characteristics of the building and the climatic features of the region were not taken into account. But even despite this, they can be used as a basis for creating a temperature chart for the heating system.

The maximum system load should not affect the quality of boiler operation. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase it with a power reserve of 15-20%.

Even the most accurate temperature schedule of a heating boiler room will exhibit deviations in calculated and actual data during operation. This is due to the operating features of the system. What factors can influence the current temperature regime of heat supply?

• Contamination of pipelines and radiators. To avoid this, the heating system should be cleaned periodically;
• Incorrect operation of the regulating and shut-off valves. The functionality of all components must be checked;
• Violation of the boiler's operating mode - sudden changes in temperature and, as a consequence, pressure.

Maintaining the optimal temperature regime of the system is only possible with making the right choice its components. To do this, their operational and technical properties should be taken into account.

The battery heating can be adjusted using a thermostat, the operating principle of which can be found in the video:

What laws govern changes in coolant temperature in central heating systems? What is it - the temperature graph of the heating system is 95-70? How to bring heating parameters into line with the schedule? Let's try to answer these questions.

What it is

Let's start with a couple of abstract theses.

• As weather conditions change, the heat loss of any building changes along with them. In frosty weather, in order to maintain a constant temperature in the apartment, much more thermal energy is required than in warm weather.

Let us clarify: heat costs are determined not by the absolute value of the air temperature outside, but by the delta between the street and the interior.
So, at +25C in the apartment and -20 in the yard, heat costs will be exactly the same as at +18 and -27, respectively.

• Heat flow from heating device at a constant coolant temperature it will also be constant.
  A drop in temperature in the room will increase it slightly (again due to an increase in the delta between the coolant and the air in the room); however, this increase will be absolutely insufficient to compensate for the increased heat losses through the building envelope. Simply because the lower temperature threshold in the apartment current SNiP limited to 18-22 degrees.

An obvious solution to the problem of increasing losses is to increase the temperature of the coolant.

Obviously, its increase should be proportional to the decrease in street temperature: the colder it is outside, the greater the heat loss will have to be compensated. Which, in fact, brings us to the idea of ​​creating a specific table for reconciling both values.

So, the schedule temperature system heating is a description of the dependence of the temperatures of the supply and return pipelines on the current weather outside.

How everything works

There are two different types graphs:

1. For heating networks.
2. For indoor heating system.

To explain the difference between these concepts, it is probably worth starting with a brief excursion into how central heating works.

CHP - heating networks

The function of this bundle is to heat the coolant and deliver it to the end user. The length of heating mains is usually measured in kilometers, the total surface area - in thousands and thousands square meters. Despite measures to insulate pipes, heat loss is inevitable: having passed the path from the thermal power plant or boiler room to the border of the house, process water will have time to partially cool down.

Hence the conclusion: in order for it to reach the consumer while maintaining an acceptable temperature, the supply of the heating main at the exit from the thermal power plant must be as hot as possible. The limiting factor is the boiling point; however, as the pressure increases, it shifts towards increasing temperature:

Pressure, atmosphere	Boiling point, degrees Celsius
1	100
1,5	110
2	119
2,5	127
3	132
4	142
5	151
6	158
7	164
8	169

Typical pressure in the supply pipeline of a heating main is 7-8 atmospheres. This value, even taking into account pressure losses during transportation, allows you to start a heating system in buildings up to 16 floors high without additional pumps. At the same time, it is safe for routes, risers and connections, mixer hoses and other elements of heating and hot water systems.

With some margin, the upper limit of the supply temperature is taken to be 150 degrees. The most typical heating temperature curves for heating mains are in the range 150/70 - 105/70 (supply and return temperatures).

House

There are a number of additional limiting factors in a home heating system.

• The maximum temperature of the coolant in it cannot exceed 95 C for a two-pipe and 105 C for.

By the way: in preschool educational institutions the restriction is much more stringent - 37 C.
The cost of reducing the supply temperature is to increase the number of radiator sections: in northern regions countries where groups in kindergartens are literally surrounded by them.

• For obvious reasons, the temperature delta between the supply and return pipelines should be as small as possible - otherwise the temperature of the batteries in the building will vary greatly. This implies rapid circulation of the coolant.
  However, too rapid circulation through house system heating will lead to the fact that the return water will return to the route with an exorbitant high temperature, which is unacceptable due to a number of technical limitations in the operation of thermal power plants.

The problem is solved by installing one or more elevator units in each house, in which return water is mixed with the flow of water from the supply pipeline. The resulting mixture, in fact, ensures rapid circulation of a large volume of coolant without overheating the return pipeline of the route.

For intra-house networks, a separate temperature schedule is set taking into account the elevator operation scheme. For two-pipe circuits, the typical heating temperature curve is 95-70, for single-pipe circuits (which, however, is rare in apartment buildings) - 105-70.

Climate zones

The main factor determining the scheduling algorithm is the estimated winter temperature. The coolant temperature table must be drawn up in such a way that the maximum values ​​(95/70 and 105/70) at the peak of frost provide the temperature in residential premises corresponding to SNiP.

Let's give an example of an intra-house graph for the following conditions:

• Heating devices - radiators with coolant supply from bottom to top.
• Heating is two-pipe, with .

• Design temperature street air - -15 C.

Outside air temperature, C	Feed, C	Return, C
+10	30	25
+5	44	37
0	57	46
-5	70	54
-10	83	62
-15	95	70

A nuance: when determining the parameters of the route and intra-house system heating is taken average daily temperature.
If it is -15 at night and -5 during the day, the outside temperature is -10C.

And here are some values ​​of calculated winter temperatures for Russian cities.

City	Design temperature, C
Arkhangelsk	-18
Belgorod	-13
Volgograd	-17
Verkhoyansk	-53
Irkutsk	-26
Krasnodar	-7
Moscow	-15
Novosibirsk	-24
Rostov-on-Don	-11
Sochi	+1
Tyumen	-22
Khabarovsk	-27
Yakutsk	-48

The photo shows winter in Verkhoyansk.

Adjustment

If the management of the thermal power plant and heating networks is responsible for the parameters of the route, then responsibility for the parameters of the intra-house network rests with the housing residents. A very typical situation is when, when residents complain about the cold in their apartments, measurements show deviations from the schedule downwards. It happens a little less often that measurements in thermal wells show an elevated return temperature from the house.

How to bring the heating parameters into line with the schedule with your own hands?

Reaming the nozzle

When the temperature of the mixture and return is low, the obvious solution is to increase the diameter of the elevator nozzle. How it's done?

The instructions are at the reader's disposal.

1. All valves or valves are closed elevator unit(entrance, house and hot water supply).
2. The elevator is being dismantled.
3. The nozzle is removed and drilled 0.5-1 mm.
4. The elevator is assembled and started with air bleeding in the reverse order.

Advice: instead of paronite gaskets, you can put rubber gaskets on the flanges, cut to the size of the flange from a car inner tube.

An alternative is to install an elevator with an adjustable nozzle.

Choke suppression

In critical situations (extreme cold and freezing apartments), the nozzle can be completely removed. To prevent the suction from becoming a jumper, it is suppressed with a pancake made of a steel sheet at least a millimeter thick.

Attention: this is an emergency measure used in extreme cases, since in this case the temperature of the radiators in the house can reach 120-130 degrees.

Differential adjustment

At elevated temperatures as a temporary measure until the end heating season It is practiced to adjust the differential on the elevator using a valve.

1. The DHW switches to the supply pipe.
2. A pressure gauge is installed on the return line.
   
3. The inlet valve on the return pipeline is completely closed and then gradually opens with pressure controlled by a pressure gauge. If you simply close the valve, the subsidence of the cheeks on the rod can stop and defrost the circuit. The difference is reduced by increasing the return pressure by 0.2 atmospheres per day with daily temperature control.

Conclusion

Each Management Company strive to achieve economical costs for heating an apartment building. In addition, residents of private houses are trying to come. This can be achieved by drawing up a temperature graph that reflects the dependence of the heat produced by the carriers on the weather conditions outside. Proper Use This data allows you to optimally distribute hot water and heating to consumers.

What is a temperature graph

The coolant should not maintain the same operating mode, because outside the apartment the temperature changes. This is what you need to be guided by and, depending on it, change the temperature of the water in heating objects. The dependence of the coolant temperature on the outside air temperature is compiled by technologists. To compile it, the values ​​​​available for the coolant and the outside air temperature are taken into account.

During the design of any building, the size of the heat-providing equipment installed in it, the dimensions of the building itself and the cross-sections available in the pipes must be taken into account. IN high-rise building Residents cannot independently increase or decrease the temperature, since it is supplied from the boiler room. Adjustment of the operating mode is always carried out taking into account the temperature curve of the coolant. The temperature scheme itself is also taken into account - if the return pipe supplies water with a temperature above 70°C, then the coolant flow will be excessive, but if it is significantly lower, there will be a deficiency.

Important! The temperature schedule is drawn up in such a way that at any outside air temperature in the apartments a stable optimal heating level is maintained at 22 °C. Thanks to it, even the most severe frosts are not scary, because the heating systems will be ready for them. If it is -15 °C outside, then it is enough to track the value of the indicator to find out what the temperature of the water in the heating system will be at that moment. The harsher the weather outside, the hotter the water inside the system should be.

But the level of heating maintained indoors depends not only on the coolant:

• Outside temperature;
• The presence and strength of wind - its strong gusts significantly affect heat loss;
• Thermal insulation - high-quality structural parts of the building help to retain heat in the building. This is done not only during the construction of the house, but also separately at the request of the owners.

Table of coolant temperature versus outside air temperature

In order to calculate the optimal temperature regime, you need to take into account the characteristics of heating devices - batteries and radiators. The most important thing is to calculate their specific power; it will be expressed in W/cm2. This will most directly affect the transfer of heat from the heated water to the heated air in the room. It is important to take into account their surface power and the drag coefficient available window openings and external walls.

After all the values ​​have been taken into account, you need to calculate the difference between the temperature in two pipes - at the entrance to the house and at the exit from it. The higher the value in the input pipe, the higher the value in the return pipe. Accordingly, indoor heating will increase under these values.

Weather outside, C	at the entrance to the building, C	Return pipe, C
+10	30	25
+5	44	37
0	57	46
-5	70	54
-10	83	62
-15	95	70

Proper use of coolant involves attempts by house residents to reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet pipes. It could be construction work for insulating a wall from the outside or thermal insulation of external heat supply pipes, insulating floors above a cold garage or basement, insulating the inside of a house, or several works performed simultaneously.

Heating in the radiator must also comply with the standards. In central heating systems it usually varies from 70 C to 90 C depending on the outside air temperature. It is important to consider that in corner rooms the temperature cannot be less than 20 C, although in other rooms of the apartment a decrease to 18 C is allowed. If the temperature outside drops to -30 C, then the heating in the rooms should rise by 2 C. In other rooms it should also temperature rise provided that in the rooms for various purposes it may be different. If there is a child in the room, then it can vary from 18 C to 23 C. In storerooms and corridors, heating can vary from 12 C to 18 C.

It is important to note! The average daily temperature is taken into account - if the temperature at night is about -15 C, and during the day - -5 C, then it will be calculated according to the value of -10 C. If at night it was about -5 C, and in the daytime it rose to +5 C, then heating is taken into account at the value of 0 C.

Hot water supply schedule to the apartment

In order to deliver optimal hot water to the consumer, CHP plants must send it as hot as possible. Heating lines are always so long that their length can be measured in kilometers, and the length of apartments is measured in thousands of square meters. Whatever the insulation of the pipes, heat is lost on the way to the user. Therefore, it is necessary to heat the water as much as possible.


However, water cannot be heated above its boiling point. Therefore, a solution was found - to increase the pressure.

It is important to know! As it increases, the boiling point of water shifts upward. As a result, it reaches the consumer really hot. When the pressure increases, risers, mixers and taps are not affected, and all apartments up to the 16th floor can be provided with hot water supply without additional pumps. In a heating main, water usually contains 7-8 atmospheres, the upper limit is usually 150 with a margin.

It looks like this:

Boiling temperature	Pressure
100	1
110	1,5
119	2
127	2,5
132	3
142	4
151	5
158	6
164	7
169	8

Hot water supply to winter time year must be continuous. Exceptions to this rule include heat supply accidents. Hot water supply can only be turned off in summer period for preventive maintenance. Such work is carried out both in heat supply systems closed type, and in open systems.

To maintain a comfortable temperature in the house during the heating season, it is necessary to control the temperature of the coolant in the pipes of the heating networks. System employees district heating residential premises are being developed special temperature chart, which depends on weather indicators and climatic characteristics of the region. The temperature schedule may differ in different localities, and it may also change when heating networks are modernized.

A schedule is drawn up in the heating network according to simple principle– the lower the temperature outside, the higher the coolant should be.

This ratio is important basis for work enterprises that provide the city with heat.

For the calculation, an indicator was used, which is based on average daily temperature five coldest days of the year.

ATTENTION! Maintaining the temperature regime is important not only for maintaining heat in an apartment building. It also allows you to make energy consumption in the heating system economical and rational.

A schedule that indicates the temperature of the coolant depending on the outside temperature allows you to distribute not only heat, but also hot water among the consumers of an apartment building in the most optimal way.

How is heat regulated in a heating system?

Heat regulation in an apartment building during the heating season can be carried out using two methods:

• By changing the flow of water at a certain constant temperature. This is a quantitative method.
• Changing the temperature of the coolant at a constant volume of flow. This is a qualitative method.

It is economical and practical second option, in which the temperature in the room is maintained regardless of the weather. Supplying sufficient heat to apartment house will be stable, even if there is a sharp change in temperature outside.

ATTENTION!. The norm is considered to be a temperature of 20-22 degrees in the apartment. If temperature schedules are observed, this norm is maintained throughout the heating period, regardless of weather conditions and wind direction.

When the temperature outside decreases, data is transmitted to the boiler room and the coolant temperature automatically increases.

The specific table of the relationship between outdoor temperature and coolant depends on factors such as climate, boiler room equipment, technical and economic indicators.

Reasons to use a temperature graph

The basis of the operation of each boiler house serving residential, administrative and other buildings throughout heating season is a temperature graph that indicates coolant performance standards depending on what the actual outside temperature.

• Drawing up a schedule makes it possible to prepare the heating for a drop in outside temperature.
• It also saves energy resources.

ATTENTION! In order to control the coolant temperature and have the right to recalculation due to non-compliance thermal regime, a heat sensor must be installed in the system central heating. Metering devices must undergo annual inspection.

Modern construction companies can increase the cost of housing through the use of expensive energy-saving technologies in the construction of multi-apartment buildings.

Despite the change construction technologies, the use of new materials for insulating walls and other surfaces of the building, compliance with the normal coolant temperature in the heating system - the best way maintain comfortable living conditions.

Features of calculating internal temperature in different rooms

The rules provide for maintaining the temperature for living quarters at 18˚С, but there are some nuances in this matter.

• For angular rooms of a residential building coolant should provide a temperature of 20˚C.
• Optimal temperature indicator for the bathroom - 25˚С.
• It is important to know how many degrees there should be according to standards in rooms intended for children. Indicator set from 18˚С to 23˚С. If this is a children's pool, you need to maintain the temperature at 30˚C.
• Minimum temperature allowed in schools - 21˚С.
• In establishments where cultural events take place, the standards support Maximum temperature 21˚С, but the indicator should not fall below 16˚С.

To increase the temperature in the premises during sudden cold snaps or strong north winds, boiler room workers increase the degree of energy supply for heating networks.

The heat transfer of batteries is affected by the outside temperature, type of heating system, direction of coolant flow, condition utility networks, a type of heating device, the role of which can be performed by either a radiator or a convector.

ATTENTION! The temperature delta between the radiator supply and return should not be significant. Otherwise, a large difference in coolant will be felt different rooms and even apartments in a multi-story building.

The main factor, however, is the weather., which is why measuring the outside air to maintain a temperature schedule is a top priority.

If the temperature outside is down to 20˚C, the coolant in the radiator should be 67-77˚C, while the return rate is 70˚C.

If the street temperature is zero, the norm for the coolant is 40-45˚С, and for the return – 35-38˚С. It is worth noting that the temperature difference between supply and return is not large.

Why does the consumer need to know the coolant supply standards?

Payment utilities in the heating column should depend on what temperature in the apartment the supplier provides.

The temperature chart table, according to which the boiler should operate optimally, shows at what ambient temperature and by how much the boiler room should increase the energy level for heat sources in the house.

IMPORTANT! If the parameters of the temperature schedule are not met, the consumer may request a recalculation for utilities.

To measure the coolant value, you need to drain some water from the radiator and check its heat level. Also successfully used thermal sensors, heat meters that can be installed at home.

The sensor is mandatory equipment for both city boiler houses and ITPs (individual heating points).

Without such devices it is impossible to make the heating system work economically and productively. The coolant is also measured in DHW systems.

Useful video

Economical energy consumption in heating system, can be achieved if certain requirements are met. One option is to have a temperature diagram, which reflects the ratio of the temperature emanating from the heating source to the external environment. The values ​​of the values ​​make it possible to optimally distribute heat and hot water to the consumer.

High-rise buildings are connected mainly to central heating. Sources that convey thermal energy, are boiler houses or thermal power plants. Water is used as a coolant. It is heated to a given temperature.

Having gone through a full cycle through the system, the coolant, already cooled, returns to the source and reheats. Sources are connected to consumers by heating networks. Since the environment changes temperature, thermal energy should be adjusted so that the consumer receives the required volume.

Heat regulation from central system can be done in two ways:

1. Quantitative. In this form, the water flow changes, but its temperature remains constant.
2. Qualitative. The temperature of the liquid changes, but its flow does not change.

In our systems, the second regulation option is used, that is, qualitative. Z Here there is a direct relationship between two temperatures: coolant and environment. And the calculation is carried out in such a way as to ensure the heat in the room is 18 degrees and above.

Hence, we can say that the temperature graph of the source is a broken curve. The change in its directions depends on temperature differences (coolant and outside air).

The dependency schedule may vary.

A specific diagram has a dependency on:

1. Technical and economic indicators.
2. CHP or boiler room equipment.
3. Climate.

High coolant values ​​provide the consumer with great thermal energy.

Below is an example of a diagram, where T1 is the coolant temperature, Tnv is the outside air:

A diagram of the returned coolant is also used. A boiler house or thermal power plant can estimate the efficiency of the source using this scheme. It is considered high when the returned liquid arrives chilled.

The stability of the scheme depends on the design values ​​of fluid flow of high-rise buildings. If the flow through the heating circuit increases, the water will return uncooled, as the flow rate will increase. Conversely, with minimal flow, the return water will be sufficiently cooled.

The supplier is, of course, interested in the supply of return water in a cooled state. But there are certain limits for reducing consumption, since a decrease leads to loss of heat. The consumer’s internal temperature in the apartment will begin to drop, which will lead to violation of building codes and discomfort for ordinary people.

What does it depend on?

The temperature curve depends on two quantities: outside air and coolant. Frosty weather leads to an increase in coolant temperature. When designing a central source, the size of the equipment, building and pipe size are taken into account.

The temperature leaving the boiler room is 90 degrees, so that at minus 23°C, the apartments are warm and have a value of 22°C. Then the return water returns to 70 degrees. Such standards correspond to normal and comfortable living in the house.

Analysis and adjustment of operating modes is carried out using a temperature diagram. For example, the return of liquid with an elevated temperature will indicate high coolant costs. Underestimated data will be considered a consumption deficit.

Previously, for 10-story buildings, a scheme with calculated data of 95-70°C was introduced. The buildings above had their own chart of 105-70°C. Modern new buildings may have a different layout, at the discretion of the designer. More often, there are diagrams of 90-70°C, and maybe 80-60°C.

Temperature chart 95-70:

Temperature chart 95-70

How is it calculated?

A control method is selected, then a calculation is made. The design winter and reverse order water inflows, the amount of outside air, the order at the break point of the diagram. There are two diagrams: one of them considers only heating, the second considers heating with hot water consumption.

For an example of calculation, we will use the methodological development of Roskommunenergo.

The input data for the heat generating station will be:

1. Tnv– the amount of outside air.
2. TVN- indoor air.
3. T1– coolant from the source.
4. T2– reverse flow of water.
5. T3- entrance to the building.

We will look at several heat supply options with values ​​of 150, 130 and 115 degrees.

At the same time, at the exit they will have 70°C.

The results obtained are compiled into a single table for subsequent construction of the curve:

So we got three various schemes, which can be taken as a basis. It would be more correct to calculate the diagram individually for each system. Here we examined the recommended values, without taking into account the climatic features of the region and the characteristics of the building.

To reduce energy consumption, just select a low temperature setting of 70 degrees and uniform heat distribution throughout the heating circuit will be ensured. The boiler should be taken with a power reserve so that the system load does not affect the quality operation of the unit.

Adjustment

Heating regulator

Automatic control is provided by the heating regulator.

It includes the following parts:

1. Computing and matching panel.
2. Actuator along the water supply section.
3. Actuator, which performs the function of mixing liquid from the returned liquid (return).
4. Boost pump and a sensor on the water supply line.
5. Three sensors (on the return line, on the street, inside the building). There may be several of them in the room.

The regulator closes the liquid supply, thereby increasing the value between return and supply to the value specified by the sensors.

To increase the flow, there is a boost pump and a corresponding command from the regulator. The incoming flow is controlled by a "cold bypass". That is, the temperature decreases. Some of the liquid that has circulated along the circuit is sent to the supply.

Sensors collect information and transmit it to control units, resulting in a redistribution of flows that provide a rigid temperature scheme for the heating system.

Sometimes, a computing device is used that combines hot water and heating regulators.

The hot water regulator has more simple diagram management. The hot water sensor regulates the flow of water with a stable value of 50°C.

Advantages of the regulator:

1. The temperature scheme is strictly maintained.
2. Elimination of overheating of the liquid.
3. Fuel efficiency and energy.
4. The consumer, regardless of the distance, receives heat equally.

Table with temperature graph

The operating mode of boilers depends on the environmental weather.

If we take various objects, for example, a factory premises, multi-storey and a private house, all will have an individual thermal diagram.

In the table we show the temperature diagram of the dependence of residential buildings on outside air:

Outdoor temperature	Temperature network water in the supply line	Return water temperature
+10	70	55
+9	70	54
+8	70	53
+7	70	52
+6	70	51
+5	70	50
+4	70	49
+3	70	48
+2	70	47
+1	70	46
0	70	45
-1	72	46
-2	74	47
-3	76	48
-4	79	49
-5	81	50
-6	84	51
-7	86	52
-8	89	53
-9	91	54
-10	93	55
-11	96	56
-12	98	57
-13	100	58
-14	103	59
-15	105	60
-16	107	61
-17	110	62
-18	112	63
-19	114	64
-20	116	65
-21	119	66
-22	121	66
-23	123	67
-24	126	68
-25	128	69
-26	130	70

SNiP

There are certain standards that must be observed in creating projects on heating network and transportation of hot water to the consumer, where the supply of water steam must be carried out at 400°C, at a pressure of 6.3 Bar. It is recommended that the heat supply from the source be released to the consumer with values ​​of 90/70 °C or 115/70 °C.

Regulatory requirements must be met in compliance with the approved documentation with mandatory approval from the Ministry of Construction of the country.