The basis of an economical approach to energy consumption in a heating system of any type is temperature graph. Its parameters indicate optimal value heating water, thereby optimizing costs. In order to apply this data in practice, it is necessary to learn in more detail the principles of its construction.
Terminology
Temperature graph – the optimal value of heating the coolant to create a comfortable temperature in the room. It consists of several parameters, each of which directly affects the quality of operation of the entire heating system.
- Temperature in the inlet and outlet pipes of the heating boiler.
- The difference between these coolant heating indicators.
- Temperature indoors and outdoors.
The latter characteristics are decisive for the regulation of the first two. Theoretically, the need to increase the heating of water in the pipes occurs when the temperature outside decreases. But how much do you need to increase so that the heating of the air in the room is optimal? To do this, draw up a graph of the dependence of the parameters of the heating system.
When calculating it, the parameters of the heating system and the residential building are taken into account. For central heating The following system temperature parameters are accepted:
- 150°C/70°C. Before reaching the users, the coolant is diluted with water from the return pipe to normalize the incoming temperature.
- 90°C/70°C. In this case, there is no need to install equipment for mixing the flows.
According to current system parameters utility services must ensure compliance with the heating value of the coolant in the return pipe. If this parameter is less than normal, it means that the room is not heated properly. Exceeding indicates the opposite - the temperature in the apartments is too high.
Temperature chart for a private house
The practice of drawing up such a schedule for autonomous heating not very developed. This is explained by its fundamental difference from the centralized one. The water temperature in the pipes can be controlled manually or automatically. If the design and practical implementation took into account the installation of sensors for automatic regulation operation of the boiler and thermostats in each room, then there will be no urgent need to calculate the temperature schedule.
But it will be indispensable for calculating future expenses depending on weather conditions. In order to draw it up in accordance with the current rules, the following conditions must be taken into account:
Only after these conditions have been met can we proceed to the calculation part. Difficulties may arise at this stage. Correct calculation of an individual temperature schedule is a complex mathematical scheme that takes into account all possible indicators.
However, to make the task easier, there are ready-made tables with indicators. Below are examples of the most common operating modes heating equipment. The following input data were taken as initial conditions:
- Minimum air temperature outside – 30°C
- The optimal room temperature is +22°C.
Based on these data, schedules were drawn up for the following types of operation of heating systems.
It is worth remembering that these data do not take into account the design features of the heating system. They only show the recommended temperature and power values of heating equipment depending on weather conditions.
Looking through the statistics of visits to our blog, I noticed that search phrases such as, for example, very often appear “What should the coolant temperature be at minus 5 outside?”. I decided to post the old one schedule for qualitative regulation of heat supply based on average daily outside air temperature. I would like to warn those who, based on these figures, will try to figure out their relationship with housing departments or heating networks: heating schedules different for each individual locality (I wrote about this in the article). Heating networks in Ufa (Bashkiria) operate according to this schedule.
I also want to draw attention to the fact that regulation occurs according to average daily outside air temperature, so if, for example, outside at night minus 15 degrees, and during the day minus 5, then the coolant temperature will be maintained in accordance with the schedule at minus 10 o C.
Typically, the following temperature charts are used: 150/70 , 130/70 , 115/70 , 105/70 , 95/70 . The schedule is selected depending on specific local conditions. House heating systems operate according to schedules 105/70 and 95/70. Main heating networks operate according to schedules 150, 130 and 115/70.
Let's look at an example of how to use a chart. Let's say the temperature outside is minus 10 degrees. Heating networks operate according to a temperature schedule 130/70 , which means when -10 o C the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be 85,6 degrees, in the supply pipe of the heating system - 70.8 o C with a schedule of 105/70 or 65.3 o C with a 95/70 schedule. The water temperature after the heating system should be 51,7 about S.
As a rule, the temperature values in the supply pipeline of heating networks are rounded when assigned to a heat source. For example, according to the schedule it should be 85.6 o C, but at a thermal power plant or boiler house it is set to 87 degrees.
| Temperature outdoor air Tnv, o S |
Temperature network water in the supply line T1, o C |
Water temperature in the heating system supply pipe T3, o C |
Water temperature after the heating system T2, o C |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 150 | 130 | 115 | 105 | 95 | ||
| 8 | 53,2 | 50,2 | 46,4 | 43,4 | 41,2 | 35,8 |
| 7 | 55,7 | 52,3 | 48,2 | 45,0 | 42,7 | 36,8 |
| 6 | 58,1 | 54,4 | 50,0 | 46,6 | 44,1 | 37,7 |
| 5 | 60,5 | 56,5 | 51,8 | 48,2 | 45,5 | 38,7 |
| 4 | 62,9 | 58,5 | 53,5 | 49,8 | 46,9 | 39,6 |
| 3 | 65,3 | 60,5 | 55,3 | 51,4 | 48,3 | 40,6 |
| 2 | 67,7 | 62,6 | 57,0 | 52,9 | 49,7 | 41,5 |
| 1 | 70,0 | 64,5 | 58,8 | 54,5 | 51,0 | 42,4 |
| 0 | 72,4 | 66,5 | 60,5 | 56,0 | 52,4 | 43,3 |
| -1 | 74,7 | 68,5 | 62,2 | 57,5 | 53,7 | 44,2 |
| -2 | 77,0 | 70,4 | 63,8 | 59,0 | 55,0 | 45,0 |
| -3 | 79,3 | 72,4 | 65,5 | 60,5 | 56,3 | 45,9 |
| -4 | 81,6 | 74,3 | 67,2 | 62,0 | 57,6 | 46,7 |
| -5 | 83,9 | 76,2 | 68,8 | 63,5 | 58,9 | 47,6 |
| -6 | 86,2 | 78,1 | 70,4 | 65,0 | 60,2 | 48,4 |
| -7 | 88,5 | 80,0 | 72,1 | 66,4 | 61,5 | 49,2 |
| -8 | 90,8 | 81,9 | 73,7 | 67,9 | 62,8 | 50,1 |
| -9 | 93,0 | 83,8 | 75,3 | 69,3 | 64,0 | 50,9 |
| -10 | 95,3 | 85,6 | 76,9 | 70,8 | 65,3 | 51,7 |
| -11 | 97,6 | 87,5 | 78,5 | 72,2 | 66,6 | 52,5 |
| -12 | 99,8 | 89,3 | 80,1 | 73,6 | 67,8 | 53,3 |
| -13 | 102,0 | 91,2 | 81,7 | 75,0 | 69,0 | 54,0 |
| -14 | 104,3 | 93,0 | 83,3 | 76,4 | 70,3 | 54,8 |
| -15 | 106,5 | 94,8 | 84,8 | 77,9 | 71,5 | 55,6 |
| -16 | 108,7 | 96,6 | 86,4 | 79,3 | 72,7 | 56,3 |
| -17 | 110,9 | 98,4 | 87,9 | 80,7 | 73,9 | 57,1 |
| -18 | 113,1 | 100,2 | 89,5 | 82,0 | 75,1 | 57,9 |
| -19 | 115,3 | 102,0 | 91,0 | 83,4 | 76,3 | 58,6 |
| -20 | 117,5 | 103,8 | 92,6 | 84,8 | 77,5 | 59,4 |
| -21 | 119,7 | 105,6 | 94,1 | 86,2 | 78,7 | 60,1 |
| -22 | 121,9 | 107,4 | 95,6 | 87,6 | 79,9 | 60,8 |
| -23 | 124,1 | 109,2 | 97,1 | 88,9 | 81,1 | 61,6 |
| -24 | 126,3 | 110,9 | 98,6 | 90,3 | 82,3 | 62,3 |
| -25 | 128,5 | 112,7 | 100,2 | 91,6 | 83,5 | 63,0 |
| -26 | 130,6 | 114,4 | 101,7 | 93,0 | 84,6 | 63,7 |
| -27 | 132,8 | 116,2 | 103,2 | 94,3 | 85,8 | 64,4 |
| -28 | 135,0 | 117,9 | 104,7 | 95,7 | 87,0 | 65,1 |
| -29 | 137,1 | 119,7 | 106,1 | 97,0 | 88,1 | 65,8 |
| -30 | 139,3 | 121,4 | 107,6 | 98,4 | 89,3 | 66,5 |
| -31 | 141,4 | 123,1 | 109,1 | 99,7 | 90,4 | 67,2 |
| -32 | 143,6 | 124,9 | 110,6 | 101,0 | 94,6 | 67,9 |
| -33 | 145,7 | 126,6 | 112,1 | 102,4 | 92,7 | 68,6 |
| -34 | 147,9 | 128,3 | 113,5 | 103,7 | 93,9 | 69,3 |
| -35 | 150,0 | 130,0 | 115,0 | 105,0 | 95,0 | 70,0 |
Please do not rely on the diagram at the beginning of the post - it does not correspond to the data from the table.
Temperature graph calculation
The method for calculating the temperature graph is described in the reference book (Chapter 4, paragraph 4.4, p. 153).
This is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming process, since for each outdoor temperature several values need to be counted: T 1, T 3, T 2, etc.
To our joy, we have a computer and a spreadsheet processor MS Excel. A work colleague shared with me a ready-made table for calculating the temperature graph. It was made at one time by his wife, who worked as an engineer for a group of modes in thermal networks.
In order for Excel to calculate and build a graph, you just need to enter a few initial values:
- design temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network T 1
- design temperature in the return pipeline of the heating network T 2
- design temperature in the heating system supply pipe T 3
- Outdoor temperature T n.v.
- Indoor temperature T v.p.
- coefficient " n"(it is, as a rule, unchanged and equal to 0.25)
- Minimum and maximum cut of the temperature graph Slice min, Slice max.
All. nothing more is required from you. The calculation results will be in the first table of the sheet. It is highlighted with a bold frame.
The charts will also adjust to the new values.
The table also calculates the temperature of direct network water taking into account wind speed.
When autumn confidently strides across the country, snow is flying above the Arctic Circle, and in the Urals night temperatures stay below 8 degrees, the word form “ heating season" People remember past winters and try to understand the normal temperature of the coolant in the heating system.
Prudent owners of individual buildings carefully inspect the valves and nozzles of boilers. Residents apartment building by October 1, they are waiting, like Santa Claus, for a plumber from the management company. The Lord of valves and valves brings warmth, and with it joy, fun and confidence in the future.
The Gigacalorie Path
Megacities sparkle with high-rise buildings. A cloud of renovation hangs over the capital. The outback prays to five-story buildings. Until demolished, the house operates a calorie supply system.
Heating of an economy class apartment building is carried out through centralized system heat supply. The pipes enter the basement of the building. The supply of coolant is regulated by inlet valves, after which the water enters the mud traps, and from there it is distributed through the risers, and from them it is supplied to the radiators and radiators that heat the home.
The number of valves correlates with the number of risers. By doing repair work in a separate apartment, it is possible to turn off one vertical, and not the entire house.
The waste liquid is partially discharged through the return pipe, and partially supplied to the hot water supply network.
Degrees here and there
Water for the heating configuration is prepared at a thermal power plant or in a boiler room. The norms for water temperature in the heating system are specified in building regulations ah: the component must be heated to 130-150 °C.
The supply is calculated taking into account the parameters of the outside air. Thus, for the Southern Urals region, minus 32 degrees is taken into account.
To prevent the liquid from boiling, it must be supplied to the network under a pressure of 6-10 kgf. But this is a theory. In fact, most networks operate at 95-110 °C, since the network pipes of most settlements are worn out and high pressure will tear them apart like a hot water bottle.
An elastic concept is a norm. The temperature in the apartment is never equal to the primary indicator of the coolant. Here it performs an energy-saving function elevator unit- a jumper between the forward and return pipes. The temperature standards for the coolant in the return heating system in winter allow heat to be maintained at a level of 60 °C.
The liquid from the direct pipe enters the elevator nozzle, mixes with return water and again goes into the house network for heating. The temperature of the carrier is reduced by mixing the return fluid. What affects the calculation of the amount of heat consumed by residential and utility rooms.
The hot one went
Temperature hot water according to sanitary rules, at the disassembly points it should lie in the range of 60-75 ° C.
In the network, the coolant is supplied from the pipe:
- in winter - with reverse, so as not to scald users with boiling water;
- in summer - from a straight line, since in summer time The carrier is heated no higher than 75 °C.
A temperature chart is drawn up. The average daily return water temperature should not exceed the schedule by more than 5% at night and 3% during the day.
Parameters of distributing elements
One of the details of warming a home is the riser through which the coolant enters the battery or radiator from the Coolant temperature standards in the heating system require heating in the riser at winter time in the range of 70-90 °C. In fact, the degrees depend on the output parameters of the thermal power plant or boiler house. In the summer, when hot water is needed only for washing and showering, the range moves to 40-60 °C.
Observant people may notice that the heating elements in the neighboring apartment are hotter or colder than in his own.
The reason for the temperature difference in the heating riser lies in the method of hot water distribution.
In a single-pipe design, the coolant can be distributed:
- above; then the temperature on the upper floors is higher than on the lower ones;
- from below, then the picture changes to the opposite - it is hotter from below.
In a two-pipe system, the degree is the same throughout, theoretically 90 °C in the forward direction and 70 °C in the reverse direction.
Warm like a battery
Let’s assume that the central network structures are reliably insulated along the entire route, the wind does not blow through attics, staircases and basements, and conscientious owners have insulated the doors and windows in the apartments.
Let's assume that the coolant in the riser complies with building regulations. It remains to find out what the normal temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment is. The indicator takes into account:
- outdoor air parameters and time of day;
- location of the apartment in the house plan;
- residential or utility room in the apartment.
Therefore, attention: it is important not what the temperature of the heater is, but what the temperature of the air in the room is.
During the day, in corner rooms the thermometer should show at least 20 °C, and in centrally located rooms 18 °C is allowed.
At night, air in the home is allowed to be 17 °C and 15 °C, respectively.
Theory of linguistics
The name “battery” is a common one, meaning a number of identical objects. In relation to home heating, this is a series of heating sections.
Temperature standards for heating radiators allow heating no higher than 90 °C. According to the rules, parts heated above 75 °C are protected. This does not mean that they need to be covered with plywood or bricked. Usually a lattice fence is installed that does not impede air circulation.
Cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic devices are common.
Consumer choice: cast iron or aluminum
The aesthetics of cast iron radiators is the talk of the town. They require periodic painting, since the rules require that the working surface have a smooth surface and allow dust and dirt to be easily removed.
A dirty coating forms on the rough inner surface of the sections, which reduces the heat transfer of the device. But technical specifications cast iron products at height:
- are slightly susceptible to water corrosion and can be used for more than 45 years;
- have high thermal power per section, therefore they are compact;
- are inert in heat transfer, so they smooth out temperature changes in the room well.
Another type of radiator is made of aluminum. Lightweight, factory-painted design, does not require painting, and is easy to maintain.
But there is a drawback that overshadows the advantages - corrosion in an aquatic environment. Of course, the inner surface of the heater is insulated with plastic to avoid contact of aluminum with water. But the film may be damaged, then a chemical reaction will begin with the release of hydrogen, and when excess gas pressure is created, the aluminum device may burst.
The temperature standards for heating radiators are subject to the same rules as batteries: it is not so much the heating of a metal object that is important, but the heating of the air in the room.
In order for the air to warm up well, there must be sufficient heat removal from work surface heating structure. Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to increase the aesthetics of the room with shields in front of the heating device.
Stairwell heating
Since we're talking about apartment building, then the staircases should be mentioned. The coolant temperature standards in the heating system state: the degree measure at the sites should not fall below 12 °C.
Of course, the discipline of residents requires closing the entrance doors tightly, not leaving the transoms of the staircase windows open, keeping the glass intact and promptly reporting any problems to the management company. If the management company does not take timely measures to insulate points of probable heat loss and maintain temperature conditions in the house, an application for recalculation of the cost of services will help.
Changes in heating design
Replacement of existing heating devices in the apartment is carried out with the obligatory approval of management company. Unauthorized changes in the elements of warming radiation can disrupt the thermal and hydraulic balance of the structure.
When the heating season begins, changes in temperature conditions in other apartments and areas will be recorded. A technical inspection of the premises will reveal unauthorized changes in the types of heating devices, their quantity and size. The chain is inevitable: conflict - court - fine.
Therefore, the situation is resolved like this:
- if non-old ones are replaced with new radiators of the same size, then this is done without additional approvals; the only thing you need to contact the management company for is to turn off the riser during repairs;
- if new products differ significantly from those installed during construction, then it is useful to interact with the management company.
Heat meters
Let us remember once again that the heat supply network of an apartment building is equipped with thermal energy metering units, which record both the gigacalories consumed and the cubic capacity of water passed through the intra-house line.
In order not to be surprised by bills containing unrealistic amounts for heat when the degrees in the apartment are below normal, before the start of the heating season, check with the management company whether the meter is in working condition and whether the verification schedule has been violated.
The temperature graph represents the dependence of the degree of heating of water in the system on the temperature of the cold outside air. After the necessary calculations, the result is presented in the form of two numbers. The first means the water temperature at the entrance to the heating system, and the second at the exit.
For example, the entry 90-70ᵒС means that under given climatic conditions, to heat a certain building, the coolant at the entrance to the pipes will need to have a temperature of 90ᵒС, and at the exit 70ᵒС.
All values are presented for outside air temperature for the coldest five-day period. This design temperature is accepted according to SP " Thermal protection buildings." According to the standards, the internal temperature for residential premises is 20ᵒC. The schedule will ensure the correct supply of coolant to the heating pipes. This will avoid overcooling of the premises and waste of resources.
The need to perform constructions and calculations
A temperature schedule must be developed for each locality. It allows you to ensure the most competent operation of the heating system, namely:
- Bring heat losses during the supply of hot water to houses into line with average daily temperature outside air.
- Prevent insufficient heating of rooms.
- Oblige thermal stations to supply consumers with services that meet technological conditions.
Such calculations are necessary both for large heating stations and for boiler houses in small towns. In this case, the result of calculations and constructions will be called a boiler room schedule.
Methods for regulating temperature in a heating system
Upon completion of the calculations, it is necessary to achieve the calculated degree of heating of the coolant. This can be achieved in several ways:
- quantitative;
- quality;
- temporary.
In the first case, the flow of water entering the heating network is changed; in the second, the degree of heating of the coolant is adjusted. A temporary option involves discrete supply of hot liquid to heating network.
For central system heat supply is most characteristic of a high-quality method, in which the volume of water entering the heating circuit remains unchanged.
Types of charts
Depending on the purpose of the heating network, the implementation methods differ. The first option is a normal heating schedule. It represents constructions for networks that operate only for space heating and are centrally regulated.
The increased schedule is calculated for heating networks that provide heating and hot water supply. It's being built for closed systems and shows the total load on the hot water supply system.
The adjusted schedule is also intended for networks operating for both heating and heating. This takes into account heat losses as the coolant passes through the pipes to the consumer.
Drawing up a temperature chart
The drawn straight line depends on the following values:
- normalized indoor air temperature;
- outside air temperature;
- degree of heating of the coolant when entering the heating system;
- degree of heating of the coolant at the exit from the building networks;
- degree of heat transfer from heating devices;
- thermal conductivity of external walls and total heat losses of the building.
To perform a competent calculation, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the water temperatures in the forward and return pipes Δt. The higher the value in a straight pipe, the better the heat transfer of the heating system and the higher the indoor temperature.
In order to rationally and economically use the coolant, it is necessary to achieve the minimum possible value of Δt. This can be achieved, for example, by carrying out work on additional insulation of the external structures of the house (walls, coverings, ceilings above a cold basement or technical underground).
Heating mode calculation
First of all, it is necessary to obtain all the initial data. Standard values of external and internal air temperatures are adopted according to the joint venture “Thermal protection of buildings”. To find the power of heating devices and heat losses, you will need to use the following formulas.
Heat losses of the building
The initial data in this case will be:
- thickness of external walls;
- thermal conductivity of the material from which the enclosing structures are made (in most cases indicated by the manufacturer, denoted by the letter λ);
- surface area of the outer wall;
- climatic region of construction.
First of all, find the actual resistance of the wall to heat transfer. In a simplified version, it can be found as the quotient of the wall thickness and its thermal conductivity. If the outer structure consists of several layers, find the resistance of each of them separately and add the resulting values.
Thermal losses of walls are calculated using the formula:
Q = F*(1/R 0)*(t indoor air -t outdoor air)
Here Q is the heat loss in kilocalories, and F is the surface area of the external walls. For a more accurate value, it is necessary to take into account the glazing area and its heat transfer coefficient.
Battery Surface Power Calculation
Specific (surface) power is calculated as the quotient maximum power device in W and heat transfer surface area. The formula looks like this:
P ud = P max /F act
Coolant temperature calculation
Based on the obtained values, the heating temperature regime is selected and a direct heat transfer line is constructed. The values of the degree of heating of the water supplied to the heating system are plotted on one axis, and the outside air temperature on the other. All values are taken in degrees Celsius. The calculation results are summarized in a table in which the nodal points of the pipeline are indicated.
Carrying out calculations using this method is quite difficult. To perform competent calculations, it is best to use special programs.
For each building, this calculation is performed individually by the management company. To approximately determine the water entering the system, you can use existing tables.
- For large heat energy suppliers, coolant parameters are used 150-70ᵒС, 130-70ᵒС, 115-70ᵒС.
- For small systems for a few apartment buildings parameters are applied 90-70ᵒС (up to 10 floors), 105-70ᵒС (over 10 floors). A schedule of 80-60ᵒC can also be adopted.
- When settling in autonomous system heating for individual house It is enough to control the degree of heating using sensors; you don’t need to build a schedule.
The measures taken make it possible to determine the parameters of the coolant in the system at a certain point in time. By analyzing the coincidence of the parameters with the graph, you can check the efficiency of the heating system. The temperature chart table also indicates the degree of load on the heating system.
Today, the most common heating systems in the Federation are water-based. The temperature of the water in the batteries directly depends on the air temperature outside, that is, on the street, during a certain period of time. A corresponding schedule has also been approved by law, according to which responsible specialists calculate temperatures, taking into account local weather conditions and the source of heat supply.
Graphs of coolant temperature depending on outside temperature designed to support the required temperature conditions in the room, those that are considered optimal and comfortable for the average person.
The colder it is outside, the higher the level of heat loss. For this reason, it is important to know which indicators are applicable when calculating the required indicators. You don't need to calculate anything yourself. All figures are approved by the relevant regulatory documents. They are based on the average temperatures of the five coldest days of the year. The period of the last fifty years was also taken with the selection of the eight coldest winters for this time.
Thanks to such calculations, it is possible to prepare for low temperatures in winter, which occur at least once every few years. In turn, this allows significant savings when creating a heating system.
Dear readers!
Our articles talk about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique.
If you want to find out how to solve your particular problem, please contact the online consultant form on the right → It's fast and free!
Or call us by phone (24/7):
Additional influencing factors
- The coolant temperatures themselves are also directly influenced by such equally significant factors as:
- A decrease in temperatures outside, which entails a similar decrease indoors; Wind speed - the higher it is, the more heat loss through front door
- , window; Tightness of walls and joints (installation metal-plastic windows
There have been some changes in building codes recently. For this reason construction companies thermal insulation work is often carried out not only on the facades of apartment buildings, but also in basements, foundation, roof, roofing. Accordingly, the cost of such construction projects increases. It is important to know that insulation costs are quite significant, but on the other hand, this is a guarantee of heat savings and reduced heating costs.
For their part, construction companies understand that the costs they incurred for insulating facilities will be fully and soon recouped. This is also beneficial for owners because communal payments are very high, and if you pay, then really for the heat received and stored, and not for its loss due to insufficient insulation of the premises.
Radiator temperature
However, regardless of the weather conditions outside the room and how insulated it is, the most important role is still played by the heat transfer of the radiator. Typically, temperatures in central heating systems range from 70 to 90 degrees. However, it is important to take into account that this criterion is not the only one in order to have the desired temperature regime, especially in residential premises, where the temperatures in each individual room should not be the same, depending on the intended purpose.
So, for example, in corner rooms it should not be less than 20 degrees, while in others 18 degrees are allowed. In addition, if the temperature outside drops to -30, the established standards for rooms should be two degrees higher.
Those rooms that are intended for children must have a temperature limit of 18 to 23 degrees, depending on what they are intended for. So in the pool it cannot be less than 30 degrees, and on the veranda it must be at least 12 degrees.
Talking about school educational institution, it should not be below 21 degrees, and in the bedroom of the boarding school - at least 16 degrees. For a public cultural institution, the norm is from 16 degrees to 21, and for a library - no more than 18 degrees.
What affects battery temperature?
In addition to the thermal output of the coolant and the temperatures outside, the heat in the room also depends on the activity of the people inside. The more movements a person makes, the lower the temperature can be and vice versa. This is also necessarily taken into account when distributing heat. As an example, we can take any sports institution where people are a priori in active movement. Here it is not advisable to maintain high temperatures, as this will cause discomfort. Accordingly, an indicator of 18 degrees is optimal.
It may be noted that on thermal indicators batteries inside any premises are affected not only by the outside air temperature and wind speed, but also by:
Approved schedules
Since the temperature outside has a direct impact on the heat inside, a special temperature schedule has been approved.
| Outside temperature indicators | Inlet water, °C | Water in heating system, °С | Outlet water, °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 °C | from 51 to 52 | 42-45 | from 34 to 40 |
| 7 °C | from 51 to 55 | 44-47 | from 35 to 41 |
| 6 °C | from 53 to 57 | 45-49 | from 36 to 46 |
| 5 °C | from 55 to 59 | 47-50 | from 37 to 44 |
| 4 °C | from 57 to 61 | 48-52 | from 38 to 45 |
| 3 °C | from 59 to 64 | 50-54 | from 39 to 47 |
| 2 °C | from 61 to 66 | 51-56 | from 40 to 48 |
| 1 °C | from 63 to 69 | 53-57 | from 41 to 50 |
| 0 °C | from 65 to 71 | 55-59 | from 42 to 51 |
| -1 °C | from 67 to 73 | 56-61 | from 43 to 52 |
| -2 °C | from 69 to 76 | 58-62 | from 44 to 54 |
| -3 °C | from 71 to 78 | 59-64 | from 45 to 55 |
| -4 °C | from 73 to 80 | 61-66 | from 45 to 56 |
| -5 °C | from 75 to 82 | 62-67 | from 46 to 57 |
| -6 °C | from 77 to 85 | 64-69 | from 47 to 59 |
| -7 °C | from 79 to 87 | 65-71 | from 48 to 62 |
| -8 °C | from 80 to 89 | 66-72 | from 49 to 61 |
| -9 °C | from 82 to 92 | 66-72 | from 49 to 63 |
| -10 °C | from 86 to 94 | 69-75 | from 50 to 64 |
| -11 °C | from 86 to 96 | 71-77 | from 51 to 65 |
| -12 °C | from 88 to 98 | 72-79 | from 59 to 66 |
| -13 °C | from 90 to 101 | 74-80 | from 53 to 68 |
| -14 °C | from 92 to 103 | 75-82 | from 54 to 69 |
| -15 °C | from 93 to 105 | 76-83 | from 54 to 70 |
| -16 °C | from 95 to 107 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -17 °C | from 97 to 109 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -18 °C | from 99 to 112 | 81-88 | from 56 to 74 |
| -19 °C | from 101 to 114 | 82-90 | from 57 to 75 |
| -20 °C | from 102 to 116 | 83-91 | from 58 to 76 |
| -21 °C | from 104 to 118 | 85-93 | from 59 to 77 |
| -22 °C | from 106 to 120 | 88-94 | from 59 to 78 |
| -23 °C | from 108 to 123 | 87-96 | from 60 to 80 |
| -24 °C | from 109 to 125 | 89-97 | from 61 to 81 |
| -25 °C | from 112 to 128 | 90-98 | from 62 to 82 |
| -26 °C | from 112 to 128 | 91-99 | from 62 to 83 |
| -27 °C | from 114 to 130 | 92-101 | from 63 to 84 |
| -28 °C | from 116 to 134 | 94-103 | from 64 to 86 |
| -29 °C | from 118 to 136 | 96-105 | from 64 to 87 |
| -30 °C | from 120 to 138 | 97-106 | from 67 to 88 |
| -31 °C | from 122 to 140 | 98-108 | from 66 to 89 |
| -32 °C | from 123 to 142 | 100-109 | from 66 to 93 |
| -33 °C | from 125 to 144 | 101-111 | from 67 to 91 |
| -34 °C | from 127 to 146 | 102-112 | from 68 to 92 |
| -35 °C | from 129 to 149 | 104-114 | from 69 to 94 |
What is also important to know?
Thanks to the tabular data, it does not amount to special labor learn about the temperature indicators of water in systems central heating. The required part of the coolant is measured with an ordinary thermometer at the moment when the system is drained. Identified discrepancies in actual temperatures established standards is the basis for recalculating payment for utility services. General house heat meters have become very relevant today.
Responsibility for the temperature of the water that is heated in the heating main lies with the local thermal power plant or boiler house. Transportation of thermal fluids and minimal losses are entrusted to the organization servicing the heating network. The elevator unit is maintained and configured by the housing department or management company.
It is important to know that the diameter of the elevator nozzle itself must be consistent with the municipal heating network. All issues related to low indoor temperatures must be resolved with the governing body of the apartment building or other real estate in question. The duty of these bodies is to provide citizens with the minimum sanitary standards temperatures
Norms in residential premises
To understand when it is really important to apply for recalculation of payment for utility service and require any measures to be taken to provide heat, it is necessary to know the heat standards in residential premises. These norms are fully regulated by Russian legislation.
So, in the warm season, living quarters are not heated and the norm for them is 22-25 degrees Celsius. In cold weather, the following indicators apply:
However, we should not forget about common sense. For example, bedrooms must be ventilated; they should not be too hot, but they cannot be too cold either. Temperature in a children's room should be adjusted according to the age of the child. For a baby this is the upper limit. As you grow older, the bar decreases to the lower limits.
The warmth in the bathroom also depends on the humidity of the room. If the room is poorly ventilated, there is a high content of water in the air, and this creates a feeling of dampness and may not be safe for the health of the occupants.
Dear readers!
If you want to find out how to solve your particular problem, please contact the online consultant form on the right → Or call us by phone (24/7).
