The facade of the building gives the building an aesthetic appearance; it protects the main structures of the house from external influences. In addition, it regulates the migration of water vapor and air, and plays an insulating and soundproofing role.

The outer side of any building, located outside, constitutes the façade of the building. It can be main, side or rear. For residential buildings, a distinction is made between street and courtyard facades. It is the type of facade that determines.

For urban buildings, the facade of the building must correspond to the historical appearance of the city; any unauthorized change is a violation of the law and entails administrative fines.

Modern facade finishing is made from various cladding materials, the choice depends on design features building, the load-bearing capacity of the main walls, purpose, financing and the tastes of the owner or architect.

Modern facades

To clad the modern façade of a private house, those claddings that were recently used are used. fashionable decors public buildings. In the past, shopping centers could have plaster and siding. Now these materials have become available to private developers. And they are no longer used for cladding public buildings. You can see a selection of cladding options for private houses.

Modern facades of public buildings require the use of the latest cladding. Most often these are porcelain stoneware and facade cassettes. Porcelain tiles are more affordable. Facade cassettes have a more modern look and go well with glazing. no longer allows the use of twentieth-century materials. Plaster and facing brick unsuitable. People began to perceive these claddings more as homemade ones, more suitable for the facade apartment building or private.

Trends modern architecture- a combination of glass, metal and concrete non-standard forms on the facade.

Modern architecture of building facades is unthinkable without the use of latest technologies. Technologies are constantly changing and updating.

Almost all façade solutions come to us from Europe.

People have begun to travel more and are now placing greater demands on the architecture around them. now everywhere. The cladding of building facades has never been so varied. To the system from metal profiles you can hang almost any building material that has sufficient strength and at the same time lightness. Lots on the market

Ventilated facades of public buildings

Public buildings have different purposes and financing. “Public” includes any buildings intended to be visited by many people. These are banks, facades of administrative buildings, train stations, shopping centers, business centers, administrations, sports and entertainment institutions, hospitals, schools and the list goes on for a long time. It is important to understand that banks will be able to afford facade cladding much more expensive than schools. Therefore, when talking about the cladding of public buildings, it is worth making a distinction between materials by cost.

Cladding buildings with economy segment materials

Facade materials in the economy segment can be, for example, porcelain stoneware, fiber cement, metal cassettes,

Porcelain tiles cost from 450 rubles/m2 of cladding. Of course, you need to add the cost of the subsystem and installation work. The cost of a system for porcelain tiles starts from 400 rubles/m2. The cost of installation will add 900 rubles/m2 minimum. Insulation and hardware – another 400 rubles/m2. Total “turnkey” will cost 2150 rub/m2. And this is the minimum price tag; not all façade companies will install it for this cost.

Inexpensive finishing shopping center metal cassettes

“turnkey” will cost from 2500 rub/m2. Plaster with insulation from 2200 rub/m2. — from 2000 rub/m2.

All of the listed economy options have their own characteristics. And the perception of the facade as a whole will depend on the quality of installation. Thus, porcelain tiles may fall out due to poor-quality galvanized clamps. The clamp should always be made of stainless steel. Fiber cement can stain and fade over time. The plaster chips when it hails. Metal cassettes rust and are not shockproof. Brick is eternal, but visually it is not always suitable for public buildings. Therefore, sometimes customers of a building look at more expensive cladding.

More expensive facing materials

The middle price segment includes different kinds façade cassettes and cladding with medium-strength stone (travertine, for example).

Let's briefly say that façade cassettes can be
aluminum, steel, copper, and other metals. They may or may not have a polymer layer, and be made of thicker metal. Facade cassettes can be flat, which is standard, or three-dimensional (inclined circles, ovals, triangles from cassettes). Facade metal cassettes without a polymer layer, i.e. not composite, can be perforated. Perforation can be either standard designs (circles, badges, etc.) or have non-standard designs (for example, cut out a tree in a cassette).

Facade cassettes, since there are many of them, are difficult to evaluate together, and separately they take a long time. On average, a cassette with a polymer layer will cost from RUB 3,500/m2 on a façade. Facade perforated cassette from 5000 rub/m2. Volumetric unique panels are even more expensive - from 6500 rub/m2.

It costs much less than granite, and therefore belongs to the middle price segment. For example, granite costs from RUB 3,500/m2 – the material itself without installation and system. And travertine from 1000 rub/m2.

But it is necessary to take into account that this is a stone of medium strength. It just might crumble over time. It is not recommended for suspended ventilated facades. But the first floors, entrance groups are the best.

Expensive premium cladding for banks, restaurants, office buildings

The high price segment includes wide-format and hidden cladding
way.

Facade slabs are expensive fiber cement (Cembrite, Eternit), Rock panels, thin 3mm porcelain stoneware 1500*3000mm in size (Archskin, Laminam, GranitiFiandre, Kerlit and other manufacturers). Facade slabs imitate stone, wood and whatever your heart desires. At the same time, they are easy to install and wide-format.

The hidden method involves cladding with standard panels (regular porcelain stoneware, facade slabs), but without visible fastening. This method is always about 30-50% more expensive per sq. m.

About cost: facade slabs will cost “turnkey” from 6000 rub/m2.

To create colored facade architecture public building boards painted in different colors are used. This can be any of the above-mentioned facing materials for ventilated facades. Porcelain tiles can be combined in different shades. Also fiber cement or HPL panels, all of them can be bright color according to Ral. Any facade cassettes can be colored.

Facades of multi-storey residential buildings

The facade of an apartment building must be made in a single architectural style cities. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo a project examination. The façade must be approved by the city's chief architect. For finishing modern houses two methods are used:

1. Wet. This method involves finishing the facade using various plasters or bricks. The advantages include education in holistic and reliable surface. The main advantage is simplicity and durability. Relative disadvantages include labor intensity construction work and the seasonality of their implementation.
2. Dry. This best option finishing and involves the use of hinged cladding panels made of various materials. Ventilated facades for multi-storey residential buildings give buildings an original appearance. Due to the use of modern insulation, heat loss is significantly reduced. Therefore, the ventilated façade is ideal for façade cladding panel house. Due to the air gap that exists between the main wall and the facing material, the formation of condensation on the inner surface is prevented thermal insulation material. And this significantly extends the service life of the structure as a whole.

To overhaul the façade of an apartment building, both the first and second options are used, it all depends on the structural and architectural features of the building. If the building belongs to the category of cultural heritage objects, or is located in a zone of historical monuments protected by law, then changing the facade of an apartment building must be carried out with the permission of KGIOP, KGA, as well as the homeowners.

Reasons for the destruction of modern building facades

The facade of any building is an example of the architectural art of a certain time. But any design, regardless of the quality and price of materials, the uniqueness of the technology, has a certain service life.

To the main reasons that lead to destruction modern facades buildings include:

• Negative effects of the external environment (moisture, temperature changes, dust, ultra-violet rays etc.);
• Habitat of various microorganisms on the surface of the façade;
• Weathering (insufficient treatment of the weathering zone with a special fixative contributes to the activation of the erosion process of the façade structure);
• Technological errors of builders (use of metal parts without anti-corrosion protection, etc.).

The above factors contribute to the fact that after a certain time the facade begins to collapse, so they need to be repaired from time to time.

Very often the problem is dilapidated façade plaster, which can fall off in large pieces. Such old plaster needs to be removed, that is, knocked down and the house re-plastered. After this, the facade can be painted.

To spend major renovation When engaging a municipal contractor, the following documents are required:

• Protocol on joint decision-making on major repairs of the building’s façade
• Approved list and cost of work
• Application for major repairs and inclusion of this building in the targeted municipal program for major repairs. It is submitted to the management organization of the HOA.

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In this situation, some part of the money for major repairs must be allocated from the federal budget, and the other part from the municipal budget. Tenants bear a third of the costs.

But it is advisable for the residents of the house to take care of themselves to draw an opinion about the condition of the building structures and engineering systems. The conclusion must be drawn up by a competent person, taking into account the compliance by the residents of this house with all the rules and regulations for the operation of such a building. If you have such a document in your hands, it will be easier to achieve a positive decision on facade repairs.

Types of facade repairs

One type may be with further plastering. For this type of work, it is important to follow the instructions for installing foam plastic. There are many cases where, after a strong wind, one of the walls of a building was exposed, as all the panels were torn off.

Video: Technology of insulating the facade of an apartment building with polystyrene foam

Installation of foam blocks must be done using foam glue or for ceramic tiles. It is worth applying glue to the panel in five places (in the center and in the corners). Then the foam is glued to the wall. It is also easy to use glue to seal joints between sheets and corner seams where wind can get in.

After the panels have been glued, they need to be reinforced with dowel mushrooms. And even in such situations they can be torn off by a strong gust of wind. Before insulation, the wall must be primed, and if necessary, it can even be washed with water under pressure from a hose.

Recently, they have become popular, facing from different materials. But this type of work looks like changing the facade of a building, so it does not fall under the renovation law.

Often such finishing of buildings is carried out with the mutual consent of the homeowner and tenants. What if the apartments were privatized? Then an act is also needed on the decision of all residents of the house to carry out repairs to the facade. It should be approved by the relevant governing bodies.

After full approval, you can hire a contractor and begin work. repair work. The cost of such work will depend on what material the ventilation façade was lined with.

Exterior wall decoration is an important part of the design of any building. After all, the facade of the house is business card owners. It reflects their preferences and forms the first impression of the home as a whole. Exterior finishing, in addition to decorative, also performs the function of insulation, and also plays the role of protection load-bearing walls from the effects of temperature changes and natural precipitation. In this article you will learn how to decorate the facade of a private house.

Nowadays there is a huge amount building materials, which can be used for exterior decoration of the building. Before you begin work on the design of external walls, you need to carefully study the positive and negative qualities of all finishing materials and decide what end result you plan to get.

The exterior decoration of a private house also depends on design solution interiors - it is necessary that there is harmony between them. Only then will the house look not just like a structure made of stone and concrete, but comfortable and cozy home, in which you want, as they say, to live, live and make good.

In addition, the choice of finishing material is influenced by:

• selected façade design style;
• climate;
• budget for construction work.

What materials are there for exterior home decoration?

A modern facade is usually finished with artificial or natural stone, brick, vinyl or metal siding, porcelain stoneware, plastic or wood panels, plaster.

Wood paneling

Wood is considered an excellent thermal insulator, environmentally safe material. Most often, oak, cedar, and pine are used to make wooden panels.

Note! Kitchen in a private house - 100 photos of design and layout ideas

The positive aspects of wood are its strength and resistance to precipitation. The disadvantages include the need special care: wood must be treated every year with special compounds to protect against pests.

Cladding with metal panels

Metal panels are one of the most practical cladding materials for exterior walls of buildings. They are usually made of steel or aluminum. Metal panels have a long service life and do not require any special care.

The design of a facade with such cladding looks stylish and beautiful, especially if it includes wooden or stone finishing elements.

Decoration with vinyl panels

Vinyl siding does not require any maintenance. Photographs of the facades of private houses show that it can be used for cladding any buildings, regardless of their type. It is affordable.

Another advantage is its diversity color solutions and stylistics (it can be stylized as stone, wood). Vinyl also has good thermal insulation, but is less impact resistant than wood and metal.

Brick cladding

Brick is a unique finishing material. With its help, you can create different patterns, and it also gives the entire structure a cozy look. In addition, its advantages include:

• ease;
• durability;
• no need for special care;
• ease of installation;
• excellent thermal insulation properties.

The disadvantage is the high cost.

Finishing with natural or artificial stone

Just like brick, stone is the most expensive facing material. In addition to significant financial investments, it requires serious efforts. Stone cladding is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. As a result, buildings are usually only partially finished with stone.

But such design of facades gives a private house a particularly chic and representative look. Such a building will have a higher value upon subsequent sale.

Concrete finishing

In Western Europe, the popularity of cladding external walls with concrete is only growing every day. You can expect this to happen soon fashion trend will reach our country.

First, it must be said that external walls are finished with concrete if they need to be strengthened and strengthened. Such facades look very stylish. In addition, concrete has the ability to highlight beautiful appearance wood and other finishings.

Facade plaster

Finishing with plaster can be done by anyone. A plastered facade can have a rather beautiful appearance, especially if textured plaster is used. Speaking about the qualities of this coating, it is durable and weather-resistant.

Finishing with other facade panels

In addition to panels made of wood, metal, vinyl, panels from:

• Fiber cement. They are resistant to frost, lightweight, and durable. Another advantage is the variety of texture solutions. The downside is the high cost. The fastening is carried out on a metal frame.
• Foam plastic. The peculiarity of such panels is the presence of a reinforced layer of plaster and the absence of the need to install a frame. The disadvantages include the impossibility of attaching them to facades wooden buildings– this can lead to rotting of the tree.
• Glass. Glass panels are made from special impact-resistant glass. They have good heat and sound insulation properties. The disadvantage is the high cost of the material and significant costs during its installation.

Cladding external walls with sandwich panels

A sandwich panel consists of two sheets of metal with a layer of insulation and a vapor barrier between them. Pros: light weight, ease of installation, excellent thermal insulation, durability, moisture resistance, fire resistance.

If the top layer is damaged, the panel can be easily restored, without the need to replace most of the facade. The disadvantage is that such material is not cheap.

Covering the external walls of the house with siding

This is probably the most common and a budget option facade finishing. Siding can be installed on both insulated walls and walls without insulation. The facing material used to hide facade defects. It is moisture resistant and comes in a variety of textures and colors. Vinyl, metal, wood, and cement can be used to make it.

The ideal cladding is the one that best protects the load-bearing structures of the house from various types of precipitation. This is the most important point, which you should pay attention to when choosing facade cladding.

Of all the finishing materials that meet this requirement, choose the one that is easiest to install and further care, which has the best thermal insulation and moisture-repellent properties.

Photos of the facades of private houses

The facade of the building is the face of the entire building. That is why façade finishing is increasingly being carried out after construction. multi-storey building. This allows not only to give the building an aesthetic appearance, for example, to an ordinary five-story panel building, but also to additionally insulate it.

To spend exterior finishing high-rise buildings, specialized personnel will be required. Industrial climbers are teams of workers who undergo special training and receive permission to work at heights.

Their equipment includes all the necessary equipment: winches, hooks and lifts, all this will allow for high-quality finishing in a short time.

Finish options

Multi-storey buildings can be divided into two groups according to the finishing method:

1. Residential multi-storey building. As a rule, a certain material is selected for finishing and an agreement is drawn up with the workers.
2. Mixed type residential building. This is when shops and offices are located on the ground floors. For such buildings you need individual approach in the choice of material, because finishing the lower floors will require completely different equipment and materials.

The modern market offers various materials for finishing multi-storey buildings. First of all, when choosing a material, you need to consider the following factors:

1. Features of the high-rise design.
2. Functionality of the material.
3. Climatic conditions.

Note! As a rule, it is climatic factor has the greatest influence on the choice of material, because many finishing options can not only give the building an aesthetic appearance, but also additionally insulate it.

The finishing received this name because the material used for finishing contains liquid. Simply put, finishing is done using plaster, and water is used to dilute the mixture.

Wet-type facade systems can be of three designs:

1. Plastered facades based on mineral heat-insulating material. In this option, insulation is used mineral wool, which is attached to the reinforcing layer. After finishing the building is subject to finishing mineral or silicate plaster.
2. Organic facade systems. Here, polystyrene foam board is used as insulation, which is also mounted on a reinforcing layer. And finishing is done with silicone or organic plaster.
3. Combined facades. These systems use any type of insulation, and organic material is used for finishing.

Ventilated facades

Such systems also create good thermal insulation, and the facades multi-storey buildings, finished in this way, take on an individual look.

Today, such facades are used to decorate any building. The assembly technology is carried out as follows.

1. First, a metal frame is mounted over the entire surface.
2. Insulation is placed between it.
3. The final stage is installation of the top screen.

Note! This option is good because when installing the facade, an air gap remains between the building wall and the finishing coating, which serves as good ventilation. Thanks to this, the walls do not get wet and fungus does not grow on them.

Advantages of ventilated facades

Ventilated facades have many positive aspects.

Thermal insulation

The use of insulation allows you to save on heating costs, as well as reduce the load-bearing load of the walls, due to a decrease in thickness brickwork.

Weatherproof

The design of the facade is designed in such a way that moisture falling on the walls is removed through drainage, bypassing the walls and insulation material. In the same time windproof membrane installed inside the façade, prevents fibers from weathering.

Fire safety and sound insulation

The materials used to construct ventilated facades prevent the spread of fire. And the sound-absorbing properties of the system double the sound insulation of concrete walls.

Photo - residential buildings finished with a ventilated facade system.

A ventilated facade can be made of different materials.

Materials

When finishing a multi-storey building with a ventilated facade system, several types of materials are used:

1. Aluminum panel. This material is good due to its anti-corrosion qualities, durability, and given its light weight, it can be mounted on the surface of any structure.
2. Vinyl siding. It is very convenient to use panels of this material to cover the facades of two-story buildings, as well as the external ceilings of high-rise buildings. Its service life is up to 50 years. Aluminum panels are superior to vinyl panels in terms of strength, but the main argument of vinyl panels is their low cost; moreover, like the first option, it provides reliable insulation to the insulation.
3. Composite façade panels. This is an unpretentious material, it is durable, easy to care for and has a neat appearance. In addition to the listed materials, marble or porcelain stoneware are used for the finishing coating of ventilated facades. This, of course, is in its own way beautiful material, but given the heavy weight, before carrying out such cladding you will have to take care of constructing a reinforced supporting structure.
4. Glass facade. This type of finishing is only gaining popularity in Russia, and is considered one of the most promising areas. Such facades are constructed from slabs of high-strength glass, which are mounted on a metal frame.

Modern technologies make it possible to significantly transform any high-rise building and additionally provide protection for load-bearing structures.