The Smart Home security system uses several sensors to monitor intrusion into the home. uninvited guests" First of all, this wireless motion sensor. It recognizes moving objects using infrared radiation. top configurations are capable of not only recording the presence of an object, but also determining the distance to it, reading its dimensions and even its approximate weight. The signal from the sensor is sent to the Smart Home controller, and then, depending on the installed software and settings, the system notifies the security agency and the owner about unauthorized entry into the house, the location of the intruder and his movements. The main disadvantage of motion sensors is that they can be fooled. The sensor reacts to body temperature; if a person is wrapped from head to toe in warm clothes, he will pass unnoticed. For this reason, it is recommended to combine infrared sensors with inductive ones, and also use them in combination with video recording cameras.

Another sensor for monitoring unauthorized entry - sensor for opening/closing windows and doors. It is installed on a jamb or frame and controls the entire perimeter of the object. The principle of its operation is the same: when triggered, the sensor sends a signal to the controller. For added security, windows can also be fitted with glass break sensor.

Protection and safety sensors in KEY

Intelligent lighting

The already familiar motion sensor can be used not only for security purposes, but also when building an intelligent light control system. Such sensors are most effective in corridors: the light turns on the moment a person passes.

Ideally, the motion sensor will work in tandem with light sensor, which can be built into the motion sensor itself: if natural light enough, the light does not come on. .

In rooms, it is most reasonable to build a smart lighting system on presence sensors(they are more sensitive than motion sensors), but even better is to use photoelectric sensors in doorways. They determine when a person entered the room and when he left.

Emergency protection

To monitor the occurrence of emergencies such as water leaks, fires, gas leaks, there are special sensors.

Flood protection:

• water leakage sensor- triggers when moisture gets on the sensitive electrodes. Installed in risk areas (bathroom, toilet).
• water pressure sensor- gives a signal about a change in pressure in the pipeline. Depending on the readings, makes a decision on the need to shut off the water.
• humidity sensor- most often used in a climate control system, but it will also be useful for monitoring leaks if the main sensor does not work.

Humidity sensors in KEY

Protection against fire and explosion of domestic gas

To monitor smoke and gas leaks, the following sensors are used:

• smoke detector- determines the level of smoke in the room and, if necessary, sends an alarm signal to the unit security and fire alarm system. Some smoke detectors have a built-in alarm, so they can also be used as a stand-alone device.
• gas leak sensor- determines the concentration of gas in the air and, in case of excess permissible norm, sends an alarm signal to the Smart Home controller.

Climate control system

The Smart Home climate control system can use two types of temperature sensors:

• outside temperature sensor- sends information about outside temperature to the Smart Home controller, which in turn can turn on the ventilation system or change the heating mode.
• sensor room temperature - works in a similar way, serves to maintain comfortable temperature conditions indoors.

In addition, the climate control system uses humidity sensor. With his help " Smart House» regulates the operation of the air conditioner and humidifier. Indications window opening/closing sensors can also be useful in air conditioning systems. If you coordinate the operation of heating and ventilation systems, you can significantly save on electricity.

IN modern houses Automation is becoming increasingly important, which allows us to reach a new level of comfort and coziness that was previously inaccessible to the average person.

Complex automatic systems, used in residential premises, is called “smart home”. The operation of such a system is based on special regulatory elements and a wide variety of sensors that record and transmit environmental parameters and other important information.

Smart home: sensors

Sensors in residential premises are divided into several types, each of which performs a strictly defined function, and only their integrated use makes it possible to achieve energy savings and ensure highest level security and property protection.

Conventionally, all sensors for smart home It is customary to divide them into 2 large groups: those that respond to environmental parameters and those that track the movement of objects.

Sensor types:
— volumetric acoustic;
— temperature;
- gas pollution;
— illumination;
- movements;
— IR sensors;
- capacitive and inductive;
— presence indicators;
— photoelectric;
— laser movement sensors;
— gas leak sensors;
- leaks;
— water and gas pressure;
- rain;
— dampness indicators;

All these devices are used in conjunction with intelligent control, which allows data to be collected and analyzed in a comprehensive manner. Thanks to this, error-free and safe operation of smart home systems is achieved. For example, with computer control, the garage door will not just open for a while for a car to enter or exit. Before closing the gate, the system will make sure that the car has not stopped in the passage.

Analysis of the weather outside together with the readings of indoor temperature sensors allows you to calculate and maintain optimal mode functioning of ventilation and heating systems. This is achieved by submitting the correct signal to the return line for regulating coolant flow.

Description of sensors

The most complex are smart home detectors, which are responsible for detecting the movement and presence of objects. Systems are built on their basis automatic lighting, security. They, as a rule, closely interact with the intellectual part of the entire system. Also, for one such network of sensors, different devices that differ in operating principles are often used together. For example, infrared sensors are installed simultaneously along with motion and presence detectors and light sensors.

Smart home software plays no less important role than correct location and setting up all other components. For example, a motion sensor may not respond when there is a person in the room long time does not move, and software analysis allows you to remember exactly where and how many people are in the house.

The most commonly used detector in smart home systems is a temperature sensor. They are the basis for heating, which is one of the main systems of any home.

Fire sensors monitor the air condition in the house and are triggered when the temperature rises sharply above a critical value or in the presence of smoke.

Damp sensors allow you to determine whether the windows in the house are closed, if there are leaks anywhere, or if there are heating problems.

Human interaction with environment, including the performance of certain actions, occurs with the help of the senses. By introducing a “smart home”, we automate many processes and relieve people from routine operations, and you can go in two ways:

• The first involves programming the equipment to operate at certain times (by a timer) or at the user’s initiative (by pressing a key). This method finds its application in “smart” automation, but there is also another that gives more freedom.Using sensors.
• In this case, the sensors act as a kind of “sense organs” that inform the system about the occurrence of a certain event, after which the “brain” (controller), in turn, gives the necessary commands to devices that perform a particular function.

In our review we will consider two types of sensors. Some of them register movement and respond to it (motion sensors), others react to the presence of a person in the room (presence sensors).

The difference between the two types of sensors

Facing Descriptions various sensors you can see their division into two groups:

• motion sensors;
• presence sensors.

What is the difference between motion and presence sensors? Fundamentally, these are similar devices. The only difference is sensitivity. The motion sensor is triggered by fairly active movement of an object, while the presence sensor can respond to the smallest movements of a person: moving a hand lying on a computer mouse, a subtle shake of the head, and even breathing. An important point for presence sensors is a situation in which a person entering the room for some time remains completely without movements that can be recorded. To avoid on/off errors, the device has a delay setting. Thanks to this, 100% compliance with the moment of turning on or off the devices is achieved. The situation is similar with a motion sensor installed in passage areas.

How does this work with an example?
Let's say there is an office, the lighting in which is turned on by presence sensors. In this case, it would be reasonable to set the sensor response delay to 5-10 minutes. During this time, even if no movement is detected in a room with people, the sensor will not work, since the delay time has not yet expired. If everyone has left the office, then exactly 10 minutes later, when the delay time has expired and there is still no movement in the room, the sensor will do its job and the light will be turned off. In small rooms the delay may be several seconds.

Sensor parameters

The principle on which the sensor registers the presence of motion is based on the effect of human thermal radiation, which is in the infrared zone of the spectrum invisible to the eye. Using a special element, the sensor detects passive infrared radiation(PIR) and its change, on the basis of which an electrical signal (or radio telegram) is generated, turning devices on or off (most often lighting), as well as changing the parameters of their operation by any radio actuator device of a switch or dimmer. A logical question: How will such a sensor react to pets? After all, the heat emanating from them will also be recorded by the device? Yes, this is true, but with the help of sensitivity settings they ensure that, for example, the sensor does not react only to animals weighing less than 15 kg. In this case, your dog or cat running in the coverage area will not trigger the alarm.

Thermal radiation is inherent not only to living beings, but also to lamps, heaters, and the sun. Therefore, in order to avoid interference and false alarms, when placing sensors, it is necessary to take into account the location of heating devices and prevent direct sunlight from entering the lens.

An important point should be noted regarding motion sensors, which have been used for a long time and everywhere. These small devices can be bought at any hardware supermarket; they are produced by many manufacturers and vary greatly in price. This occurs due to the use of lenses of different quality and the presence of a software component in the device itself. They often have low cost and minimal functionality. To call such sensors or a home equipped with them “smart” would be an exaggeration. They can only turn the lighting on/off when motion is detected or natural light changes. They work well as a good automatic “switch”. But to solve the problems assigned to “”, we need devices of a completely different class. Truly “smart” motion sensors have a lot of settings that allow you to create a truly intelligent home, taking into account an endless variety of situations and corresponding automation reactions. For example, many models for the KNX protocol are a kind of multi-sensors that can not only detect movement and measure the flow of natural light, but also:

• record temperature;
• vibrations;
• the time a person spent in the room;
• recognize the behavior of people in the room;
• self-learn to change the response threshold when illumination changes;
• flexibly change the detection zone if necessary;
• issue an acoustic warning 15 seconds before shutdown.

In combination with other sensors and other equipment (for example, multimedia devices and climate control technology) this achieves what is impossible for simple sensors entry level. Examples of such devices are “8 in 1” and “12 in 1” sensors from HDL. In addition, despite the mass of parameters controlled by the system, the ceilings and walls of the “smart home” do not look like a spaceship - everything looks elegant. One of the most elegant solutions is the Auro recessed ceiling motion sensor from Basalte, which is barely visible in the interior. Slightly more noticeable, but also more sensitive models also look neat and technologically advanced.

The selection of sensor parameters should be carried out taking into account local conditions. So, depending on the installation height, the same sensor will have a different coverage area. For example, the characteristics of the ceiling presence sensor on the SPHINX 104-360 AP indicate that with a mounting height of 2 meters, it can detect a sitting person at a distance of 4 meters, and a walking person at a distance of 9 meters. And when installed at a height of 4 meters, the same indicators will be 5 and 12 meters, respectively. Therefore, it is important to correctly calculate the number of devices, sensitivity and coverage area, and the need for additional options (it is economically feasible to use simple sensors where “smart” options are not required). These parameters depend on the characteristics of the placement space: shape, ceiling height, presence of obstacles in the form of furniture and partitions; possibilities for installing the device (material of walls or ceilings, design requirements); use situations; the presence of all kinds of interference and non-standard conditions.
Thus, the key to successfully using all the capabilities of the equipment is right choice a company that installs smart homes and motion sensors.

Types of sensors

The main classification of motion sensors looks like this:

At the place of installation they are:

• ceiling (with a viewing angle of up to 360 degrees);
• wall mounted (viewing angle up to 180 degrees).

According to operating voltage:

• 24 Volts (including from the HDL bus);
• 30 Volt (from KNX bus);
• 230 Volt;

By fastening method:

• invoices;
• mortise or hidden, inter-ceiling, only the lens and designer ring are visible from the outside.

According to the geometry of the detection zone:

• c round;
• with semicircular;
• with rectangular;
• with square detection zone;
• o with switchable sectors (customizable).

The geometry of the sensors is usually comparable to the shape of the coverage area. If it is square, the sensor itself has a square (rectangular) shape, due to which its optical part, neatly protruding from the plane of the ceiling, “looks” on four sides in the form of a pyramid with four edges. Wall sensors usually have the same shape, with the exception of the optical part, which is made in the form of a hemisphere.

For example, ECO-IR DUAL-C NT BK - a 230 Volt ceiling presence sensor has a square detection zone. This means that in a room equal in area to the coverage area of ​​the device there will be no “blind” zones. One sensor can control two groups of light. For each group it has a separate illuminance measurement zone. Thus, these groups will not necessarily turn on synchronously. Has the opportunity parallel connection with other sensors (up to 10 pcs.). In practice, this means that each of the sensors will, as before, switch two groups of lighting devices, but the coverage area for switching on these two groups will increase in proportion to the number installed sensors minus the area of ​​zones that will overlap with neighboring devices. The sensor can be configured using a potentiometer on the sensor itself or remotely via the remote control.

The wall-mounted presence sensor ECO-IR 180-24V BK is also made in a square form factor, but its optics in the form of a hemisphere “looks” at 180 degrees of the covered area.
IN color scheme sensors are predominantly white and black. Comes with additional accessories. These include mounting boxes, as well as impact-resistant grilles that protect the optics from mechanical damage. The functioning of the devices is also ensured by remote control panels, which allow you to change the parameters of the sensors without dismantling them.

Motion sensors, unlike presence sensors, are often used on the street, sometimes in conjunction with a spotlight. They are:

• street;
• street with spotlight;
• for premises.

By type of setting there can be:

• without remote control;
• controlled remotely.

By zone object detection:

• 110, 150, 180, 220, 300, 360 degrees;

The detection field of any sensors can be divided into several separately switchable and adjustable zones. For example, if we talk about the standard KNX universal motion sensor, it has 360 degrees of coverage, which can be divided into 3 zones. Each zone is programmatically configured and analyzed separately. If necessary, part of the zone accessible to the device can simply be made inactive for tracking.

For premises, motion sensors, as well as presence sensors, are ceiling and wall mounted.
Controlled automatically when there is movement or depending on the level of natural light. An important point in achieving an acceptable level of security is that they have a separate detection zone under the sensor, protecting against attempts to “crawl” under it unnoticed.

Restrictions

For all their intelligence, smart motion sensors have some limitations. If you have a dog weighing more than 40 kilograms, everything, even the largest sensors, will work on it. The sensor will not be able to distinguish one person from another. Therefore, it will react in the same way to the movement of service personnel and household members. By taking these features into account and correctly planning the location of the sensor complex, you can achieve the best effect.

What can be achieved with smart motion sensors?

Practical application that makes everyday life easier is the main criterion for success modern technologies. A dry technical description should always be expressed in a level of convenience and comfort comparable to the efforts the developers spent on creating the device. As an example of practicality of use, let's take the highly intelligent motion sensor FIBARO Motion Sensor. The main features provided by the device are:

• a small device with a case diameter of 44 mm will easily fit into a room of any design;
• convenient wireless control without the need to be near the sensor;
• in addition to motion detection, it measures light intensity, temperature (fire alarm), vibration (break sensor, seismic tremors);
• customizable LED backlighting of the sensor will always visually notify you of the actual room temperature;
• high adjustable sensitivity of the motion sensor to the slightest movements;
• control of the time an object is in the room;
• a pair of sensors installed on opposite sides of the doors will be able to count the guests in the room and, depending on their number, turn on additional ventilation or perform another action;
• Detecting the beginning of your awakening, the sensor activates the desired scenario, opening the windows, raising the blinds and brewing coffee in the kitchen.

A smart home can provide these and other capabilities thanks to properly installed and configured motion sensors. They, being the “sense organs” of automation and monitoring what is happening around, will help create a truly intelligent home.

Automation sensors are a structurally autonomous independent device that changes its signal according to the monitored parameter. Sensors are placed directly at the point where information is collected and perform the function of a primary converter of a certain (measured) quantity into an electromagnetic or electrical one. Then the received values ​​are transmitted further, signaling the equipment to perform an action.

The most convenient means for converting and transmitting a signal is electricity. In this regard, sensors for the Smart Home are created and operate based primarily on the principle of changing their own electrical resistance under the influence of external factors.

Today you can buy automation sensors that monitor the value various parameters. These are sensors for humidity and vibration, motion, light, smoke and solar radiation, gas pollution, temperature, etc. Exists a large number of manufacturers providing products with different sets of functions and in different price groups.

Advantages of creating an automated Smart Home system

The Smart Home automation system is an innovative approach to the arrangement of residential and commercial premises. Using a combination of sensors and equipment, it is possible to create functional and comfortable spaces for Everyday life and work.

Consumer benefits when installing sensors for a smart home:

• comfort - with the help of equipment, automated control of climate, room lighting, etc. is carried out;
• safety - installing sensors for smoke, gas leaks, window breaking, flooding and other parameters allows you to timely prevent possible danger, since the equipment will turn on a sound (siren) and/or light signal when a threat appears;
• saving time - automation sensors are capable of transmitting commands to the equipment not only to turn on/off the lights, but also to open the blinds and water personal plot, ventilation of premises and other actions;
• energy saving - automated system Smart Home is capable of adjusting the brightness of lighting, promptly turning on and off street lights, the heating system when a certain temperature is reached in the premises, etc.

With the installation of automation sensors, many everyday tasks, albeit simple, but distracting with their bustle, fade into the background, freeing up a significant amount of time. These systems allow you to avoid many risks, such as flooding, smoke, etc. It is possible to program the equipment in such a way that it creates the complete illusion that the owners are at home while they are away, which significantly reduces the risk of interference from outside.

The price of automation sensors for a smart home has a wide range depending on the manufacturer, functionality, and class of devices. Due to the significant advantages of the systems, they pay for themselves quite quickly. Our online store provides you with a wide selection of equipment; The sale of sensors for a smart home is carried out with the possibility of pickup, as well as delivery in Moscow.

Smart home sensors work on the same principle: they transmit a signal via Wi-Fi to the base module, a box the size of a home router. The base module goes online and communicates with a smartphone. All sensors can be controlled via a mobile application from anywhere there is access to the network.

Why don’t the sensors go online on their own? Why do we need a base module? There are many sensors. Imagine that ten people came to your home and everyone connected to wi-fi. Some networks will survive, some will not. Add the devices of family members - smartphones, laptops, desktop computers, tablets... To service such a busy network, you will need a personal system administrator, like in an office. The base module distributes the channels so that the radio waves on which everyone communicates electronic devices in the house, did not interfere with each other.

Sensors for water leaks, opening and closing doors, smoke, cameras and motion sensors are connected to the central module, which communicates with you via the Internet through a mobile application.

Here are five smart home features that can make life easier and more enjoyable.

1. Remote control of sockets

Did I turn off the iron?

Buy an iron that turns itself off. Take a photo of the iron as you leave the house. Check all outlets. Call your household and neighbors and ask them to check. Or install a smart plug. It looks like an adapter. If you suddenly doubt that you unplugged the plug when leaving home, you can open the circuit with a few passes on the smartphone screen - and probably save the house from a fire, and yourself from unnecessary worries.

If you have children at home, a smart plug becomes even more useful. It will help when a smoke detector (it can also be made part of a “smart home”, we will talk about it later) is triggered in a room where electrical appliances are running. It’s far from home, you’re at work or on vacation, what happened is unknown, but you can turn off the power to the room remotely. Balm for the soul.

The white adapter with an LED is the “smart” socket. It is controlled from a mobile application: one press of a button, and the socket is de-energized.

Some smart plugs also save you money. They work like a counter, the indicators of which you see in the mobile application. Is the device producing too many kilowatts? Disable! Convenient if, when leaving the dacha, you forgot to turn off the heated floor or other energy-intensive device.

2. Fire alarm

Something is burning in you

Fire alarm- the matter is complex and expensive. And a smoke detector connected to a smart home system is simple. It is mounted under the ceiling, connects to the base in five minutes and works for 12 months until it is time to change the battery. The sensitivity is adjusted so that the siren does not turn on due to cutlets burnt in a frying pan or cigarette smoke, but serious smoke is felt. If smoke fills the room, you'll know right away: alerts will be sent by email and push notification, and a loud siren will sound in the room.

Wireless sensor smoke detector connected to the central module will warn you of smoke wherever you are.

3. Water leakage sensors

Didn't we flood the neighbors?

The third main fear of a householder is water leakage. An unreliable pipe joint, a loose faucet, or just an overflowing bathtub. Or your apartment is empty. What if the heating has already been turned on and the radiator is leaking? Install water leakage sensors in the most treacherous places. They do not react to small splashes, only to serious incidents. A notification will be sent to your email and displayed on the screen. True, the sensor won’t be able to do anything about the leak—you’ll have to go and save everything. But it's better to do this as early as possible.

An added bonus: the leak sensor is made wireless. Wires and water are poorly compatible things, and they also get in the way. And a wireless device the size of a “basket” cake can be attached anywhere. And don't forget to change the batteries.

The water leak sensor notifies you of troubles - leaking pipes and an overflowing bathtub.

4. Opening/closing sensors

Did I close the door?

When leaving home, turn the key and pull the handle a couple of times: this habit will help you not worry about whether you (or forgetful guests and children) left everything wide open. But in order not to rely on unstable human memory, you can put magnetic sensor closing or opening doors. Then notifications will come when the door opens or closes. The same can be done with windows. The main thing is to turn off the sensor on a day when you are expecting a lot of guests.

Even if you never forget to close the door, the sensor will come in handy to keep an eye on your children.

5. Cameras, motion sensors

Watch and protect

If in the 90s your neighbor had a camera mounted in a peephole on a heavy iron door, it means your neighbor was a difficult person. Nowadays you can install a camera with much less effort and expense than twenty years ago, and it doesn't look like you have suitcases of currency in your bedroom. You can connect cameras, microphones (and cameras with a microphone, and even with a speaker) and motion sensors to your smart home. Set up the motion sensor so that it reports the movement of a person, but ignores the cat. You can record it, or you can watch it live - just in case. Modern smart cameras have a passive mode: they only start recording when they sense movement. Some cameras also see at night, in the infrared range.

A small wi-fi camera monitors everything that happens around and reports to you around the clock. She also sees in the infrared range - which means not only during the day; Most of these devices have a microphone and speaker.

Pleasant trifles

Not vital, but nice smart home functions

A motion sensor is installed not only for security purposes. Recently, Muscovite Konstantin Konovalov installed such a device, and now he receives notifications on his smartphone when the postman brings a receipt for payment utilities or postal notice. Or the latest issue of Popular Mechanics by subscription. Some crafty people place a portable home camera over the pan in which dumplings are cooked - to see how they float while they themselves are relaxing in another room.

“Smart” lamps allow you to control lighting from your smartphone screen. Even a child can adjust the color, turn it on or off.

Once you start optimizing, it’s difficult to stop. You can stick a humidity sensor into a flower pot and don’t forget to water it. You can install a “smart” air quality controller in the nursery and don’t forget to ventilate. Humidity can be controlled in the same way. Lastly, smart light bulbs eliminate the need to get up to turn off the lights. This can be done without letting go of your smartphone.

"Smart home" is a remote control remote control to all electrical appliances in the house. Some opportunities make life a little more pleasant, others save you from serious everyday problems. Russian market"smart" consumer electronics not very developed yet. One of the pioneers is MegaFon: it offers “Security” or “Basic” sets, which can be expanded according to personal preferences and needs. Each set includes a control center and compatible wireless devices - cameras and sensors; however, you can choose individual devices to suit your taste.