» Bird cherry

Our ancestors also planted bird cherry trees near the house. And not only because it blooms beautifully and exudes a wonderful aroma. During flowering, the tree releases phytoncides into the air, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria. It was believed that standing in the shade of a tree could ward off illness. Let's take a closer look at the varieties of common bird cherry and its areas of application.

The tree blooms in May or early June. Flowers collected in oblong inflorescences smell pleasant and attract bees. Bird cherry is an excellent honey plant. This is another reason why they tried to plant near houses or on personal plots. The tree or shrub is widespread throughout Russia: from the European part to Siberia and Far East. That is why, along with the birch, it can be considered a symbol of the Central Russian Plain.

The most common type is the common bird cherry, also called carpal bird. She throws out clusters of white inflorescences. Of the 20 tree varieties, 7 are cultivated on our territory. Among them stand out decorative types. Their unusually beautiful inflorescences, from yellowish multi-colored to double pink, are used in landscape design for decorating garden and park compositions and personal plots.

The bird cherry with white flowers is more familiar to us. There is a popular belief that when the bird cherry blossoms, you can start sowing wheat and planting potatoes. There is an opinion that when a tree blooms, the air is freshest and cleanest. Flowering is also associated with temporary cooling, “bird cherry cold.”

But for most people, fragrant flowering symbolizes the renewal of nature and an optimistic spring mood.

What types of bird cherry are there?

In addition to the common bird cherry familiar to everyone, The Virgin Cherry variety has taken root. This beautiful plant migrated from North America.

Virginskaya

The tree grows up to 15 meters. Unlike the brush cherry, which has black fruits, the virginia bunches of berries are dark red.. Blooms with white inflorescences. The plant looks especially impressive in autumn. The leaves turn burgundy-red. Tolerates hot weather and winter well. Loves moist soils and light. Propagates from seeds and root shoots. Virgin bird cherry has several varieties, depending on the type of fruit (black, yellow, light red). The shape of the tree is short and with drooping branches (weeping bird cherry).

Common Colorata

It looks more like a bush, as it reaches a height of up to 5 meters. The unusual leaves, colored in shades of purple and red in spring, turn green by summer. In autumn the foliage turns red again. But the plant is especially beautiful during the flowering period. Lush inflorescences Pink colour with a delicate almond aroma. The twigs and bark also have a purple tint. It sends out shoots from the root, so it reproduces easily. Loves moisture, light, tolerates winter well. Like most types of bird cherry, it is susceptible to spring frosts. Black fruits ripen by August.

Late

Main growing area North America, but has taken root in the temperate latitudes of our country. Powerful tree with a well-developed crown up to 20 meters. Bright green foliage in summer, turning yellow-red in autumn period. It’s called “late” because it blooms 2 weeks later, at the end May - early June. Black round fruits ripen at the end of August. The fruits are twice as large as those of ordinary bird cherry, juicier and without an astringent aftertaste. It is also called “rum cherry” due to its dessert taste. It makes delicious tinctures. The tree is highly self-fertile, tolerates winter well, and has a powerful root system.

Antipka (Magalebskaya)

An amazing shrub with powerful roots that can live up to 200 years. Not picky about soil, can grow on rocky slopes. The Middle East and Europe are considered their homeland. The value of this variety is that it is perfect for cherry rootstock. Since bird cherry belongs to the plum family. The bush is used to strengthen crumbling slopes. The bark of the shrub contains coumarin, an aromatic substance used in perfumery. Small white inflorescences cover the entire bush during flowering, producing pleasant aroma . The fruits are small and black.

Squamous

Has taken root well in middle and northern latitudes. Is different abundant flowering. Dark fruits Brown have a sweet-sour and tart taste. High yield and early date ripening and winter hardiness make the tree suitable for growing in cold climates. A tree up to 5 meters high produces up to 15 kg of berries.

Self-fertile and Sakhalin (Siberian cherries)

Early ripening varieties, the berries ripen in July, bred by Siberian breeders. They tolerate frosts well. They give consistently good harvest up to 20-22 kg. Resistant to diseases. They easily tolerate spring frosts. Trees with a powerful crown up to 8 meters bloom with large white inflorescences. The varieties differ in the taste of the berries.

Small-serrated Amanogova (sakura)

Sakura Amanogova has the most beautiful blossoms. Bird cherry belongs to the genus of plums, according to its species characteristics it belongs to cherry.. Therefore, the famous Japanese sakura is also a bird cherry. Small-serrated Amonogova decorative tree dome-shaped. Double white and pink flowers cover the entire tree. Extraordinary beautiful bloom and delicate aroma glorified sakura as one of the miracles created by nature.

Ssyori (Far Eastern, Ainu)

A beautiful powerful tree reaching 10 to 20 meters in height. Distribution area: Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. When the inflorescences bloom, they are colored red-purple, later turning white. The length of the inflorescence is up to 15 centimeters, with a beautiful bell-shaped flower shape and a delicate aroma. Large berries up to 12 mm.

Healing properties of wood

ABOUT healing properties The plants contained in the bark, leaves and berries were known to healers in ancient times.

Therefore, they were actively used for treatment:

• phytoncides, which are contained in the bark of the tree, were used in the form of decoctions or made tinctures. The bark was removed in thin strips in the spring. Used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-fever and diaphoretic. Tinctures help well with rheumatism.

The bark and leaves contain hydrocyanic acid, so you need to be extremely careful in dosages.

• for lung diseases A decoction of leaves and flowers is useful. An infusion of flowers treats the mucous membranes of the eyes. The bark is used to treat rheumatism;

• fruits are a storehouse of vitamins and useful elements. Vitamins P, the so-called flavonoids, strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Amygdalin (B17, most abundant in bones) is used as an antitumor and anticancer substance. Sugars, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, essential and fatty oils (in seeds), mineral elements, including molybdenum and titanium, are found in fruits. Therefore, they are used as a restorative remedy for many stomach diseases and colds. Tannins and astringents from the fruit are used to combat diarrhea;

It is thanks to these properties that bird cherry has found application in medicine and home cooking.

Use in cooking

Bird cherry is widely used in cooking. By taste qualities the berries are inferior to their relatives - cherries and plums due to their slightly astringent taste and sourness, but they are healthy for the body and aromatic.

Dried berries are ground into flour. Used as an additive to bakery products. The baked goods acquire a delicate delicate aroma.

Use:

• a cake is baked from bird cherry flour;
• make delicious bird cherry kvass;
• tinctures and liqueurs are made on its basis;
• fresh berries are an excellent filling for pies;
• make jelly, fruit drinks, syrups;
• young leaves can be used for salads;
• make tea;
• making jam.

Bird cherry is especially valuable for the northern regions, where berries that can be grown in temperate latitudes cannot ripen.

Bird cherry is widespread throughout our country. It pleases with its flowering and delicate aroma. Used in medicine and cooking. Gardeners plant varieties new selection. Decorative tree species are used in landscape gardening. Poets and writers wrote about bird cherry with warmth and love.

Since ancient times, Bird Cherry has been a symbol of tenderness, youth, purity and love. The patroness of lovers, Bird Cherry, with her delicate aroma, protected not only their secrets, but also healed spiritual wounds.

There are many legends telling about the appearance of Bird Cherry in this world. According to legend, a girl suffering from unrequited love for her turned into a tree. young man. Her heart has grown cold, so at the time when the Bird Cherry blossoms, cold nights and days come.

The Slavs considered the tree sacred and protected, looked after, and protected from evil spirits.

names of bird cherry

Among the people, Cheryomukha had many names: Cheremshina, Glotukha, Kolokolushka and others.

The tree received its current name due to the color of the trunk.

The word “Cheryomukha” has roots in the Old Russian word “cherma”, which meant “swarthy”.

For the first time, a description of this fragrant tree appeared in ancient Russian writing in the 15th century.

The Latin name for Bird Cherry “prunus padus” has Arabic roots and actually means “Common Bird Cherry”.

WHAT CHERRY LOOKS LIKE

Bird cherry's relatives are plum and cherry, which is why the trees are so similar. The similarity is especially noticeable during flowering.

Bird cherry looks like a shrub or a tall lush tree with a dense crown, ranging from 10 to 18 meters in height. The trunk thickness is up to half a meter.

The green leaves below are dark gray. The fruits are black, shiny, taste sweet and at the same time astringent.

Blooming Bird Cherry cannot be confused with anything. Its distinct aroma spreads throughout the forest for many hundreds of meters.

The bark is dark gray and moderately smooth, with pimples.

Bird cherry begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years of age and can live up to 100 years.

Bird cherry wood has an interesting twisted texture and unusual patterns on different sections of the trunk

Where does Bird Cherry grow?

The most common type of tree is “Common bird cherry” or “Brush cherry”. It grows throughout Russia, mainly in the European part, as well as in Siberia and the Far East. Plant species are found in Central and Eastern Asia, Africa and other countries.

Bird cherry prefers moderately moist and rich soils. It grows along river banks, near watersheds, in bush thickets, and is found on the edges.

There are about 20 species of bird cherry.

When does the bird cherry blossom

This magnificent tree blooms annually in May - June. The black fruits, reminiscent of small cherries, ripen in July or August.

Bird cherry blossoms profusely every year with white fragrant tassels with strong odor However, fruiting is often interrupted by frosts, diseases and all kinds of pests.

Medicinal properties of bird cherry

Bird cherry fruits contain calcium and potassium, phytoncides, vitamins E, P, C, sugars, organic acids, essential oils and tannins. Despite the rich composition, uncontrolled consumption of fruits can lead to unpleasant consequences.

The bark, leaves and fruits of Bird Cherry are used for medicinal purposes.

Thanks to their astringent properties, the fruits are an excellent remedy for combating diarrhea and intestinal disorders.

Phytoncides contained in the leaves and bark of Bird Cherry can disinfect the air.

Decoctions from tree bark have a tonic and sedative effect, and are indicated for people with heart disease. The decoction is also used to relieve toothache and as a diuretic.

Decoction, compote and jelly from the fruits are an excellent remedy for the fight against vitamin deficiency and scurvy.

Due to its bactericidal properties, the juice from the pulp of the fruit copes well with purulent wounds, bruises and cuts.

Pharmacies sell Bird Cherry fruits, which have an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.

Bird cherry flowers and branches are used to control insects. However, it is not recommended to leave Bird Cherry indoors for more than 30 minutes.

Heavy and strong Cher wood e flies are used in the manufacture of percussion instrument handles. However, due to its flexibility, wood is often used in carpentry to make bent parts. In the old days, hoops, baskets and frames for sleighs were made from steamed rods.

Wood resists moisture well, so it used to be used to make a “roller” for beating out linen.

The strong and dense structure of the wood allows for fine carving.

In modern medicine, Bird Cherry is rarely used, since the alkaloids it contains can cause poisoning. All parts of the plant, except the fruits, contain phytoncides, which are broken down into hydrocyanic acid.

Bird cherry bark is used to make natural green or burgundy paints.

The ground fruits are used in cooking and added to flour when making traditional Siberian pies. The fruits are also used to make jelly and compote.

Contraindications

Bird cherry fruits are contraindicated for pregnant women, as they can affect the condition of the fetus. Pregnant women should also not inhale the aroma of Bird Cherry flowers.

Use large quantity bird cherry flour can cause poisoning, so in cooking it is better to use fruits with the seeds removed.

Bouquets of bird cherry – fragrant and beautiful jewelry in the house. At the same time, they can cause real poisoning. In order to get rid of insects and disinfect the room, it is enough to hold a bouquet of Bird Cherry flowers or branches in the center of the room for half an hour.

Bird cherry - interesting facts

In our country there are three rivers with the name “Cheryomukha”.

The source of aroma in Bird Cherry is small glands located on the cuttings.

In the old days, to get rid of mice, a bouquet of bird cherry was left in the room.

Archaeological excavations have proven that the fruits of Bird Cherry were used by man in the Stone Age.

Photos used in the article: ivanov-vean, TIM-1962 ,endmade , Tatiana , Woodmen19 (Yandex.Photos)

Hello, dear editors. I want to ask a question about bird cherry. What types of bird cherry are there besides the common one? There are several bird cherry bushes growing in our gardens, and I noticed that they are different. Most bushes bloom early, when the weather gets colder. And one tree blooms later, about two weeks. The third has berries that are not black, but burgundy. Please tell us about bird cherry. I heard there is even a beautiful legend.

Daria Konovalova, Moscow region.

Since ancient times, people have lived according to signs. One of them is bird cherry blossoms. As soon as it starts to fill buds, wait for the weather to get colder. Sometimes the drop in temperature is not so noticeable, and sometimes it even snows on these days.

And why is the bird cherry in such a hurry? She would have waited for stable warmth and bloomed... But this is how nature works, and we are not able to unravel its secrets.

There is a legend that once upon a time a girl who was cheated on by her beloved fiancé turned into a bird cherry. He chose someone else over her, and the girl’s heart grew cold with grief. Since then, cold weather has set in every spring.

Maybe that’s why Cheremukha is in such a hurry because there are no others near her flowering trees. Perhaps Willow, but she is not her rival. Cheryomukha is the very first to put on her white outfit, and no one can compare with her in beauty. Therefore, all the love will go only to her!

The white boil of bird cherry and the heady aroma of its flowers really excite people. How many songs and poems have been written about this beauty!

Following the bird cherry, golden-yellow maple flowers bloom, leaves of oak, linden, elm, hazel, forest and early apple trees unfold. It is believed that the “real” spring begins with the flowering of the bird cherry tree. Bird cherry is a favorite at this time ornamental plant, and many gardeners dream of having this tree on their plot.

BUT CHERRY CAN BE DIFFERENT!

Our native bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.) from the Rosaceae family is a common inhabitant of the banks of reservoirs, black alder forests and shady, moist edges of various forests. In its youth it grows as a bush, but later turns into a tree up to 12 m tall. The leaves of our bird cherry are elliptical, pointed, jagged along the edges, with two glands at the base. In dense drooping racemes up to 12 cm long, white flowers are located on long stalks. Each flower has five petals, many stamens, one pistil, and the fruit is a juicy black drupe. When ripened in autumn, it is sweetish and astringent, which is why bird cherry fruits have been used as an astringent for a long time.

In nature, bird cherry has two forms: the usual one and the rare late-flowering one, which blooms two weeks later. This form most often grows in the valleys of large rivers, where ice drift and floods are prolonged. Outwardly, these bird cherry trees are very similar, except that the petals of the later ones are not as snow-white as those of the early ones.

Wild bird cherry also has a form with a slightly pink flowers, which served as the basis for the development of decorative pink varieties. They are amazingly beautiful, and many people prefer to plant the pink variety.

When cultivating bird cherry on your site, you need to know that the pests that attack it also spread to garden cherries, and to light sandy loam soil at good watering bird cherry quickly forms shoots that will have to be systematically removed.

In addition to our native bird cherry, several more types of bird cherry are grown in landscaping, and in some places on estates, of which three are the most common.

Firstly, this is the Maak bird cherry (Padus maackii (Rupr.) Kom.) - an inhabitant of our Far East. The Maaka bird cherry differs from our bird cherry in three ways: its bark is pink to dark orange and peels off in horizontal ribbons; her flower clusters are erect; The flowers themselves are odorless. But the Maak bird cherry is practically not affected by pests, and the autumn color of its leaves appears immediately on the entire tree, and it is very impressive - golden-orange.

The Maaka bird cherry has become perfectly naturalized in our country, produces root shoots and runs wild in sparse forests.

The berries of this bird cherry taste bitter, only birds peck at it.

But, surprisingly, it was on the basis of this bird cherry and cherry that I.V. Michurin developed the famous hybrid - cerapadus with large, tasty berries!

Let's move on from domestic bird cherry trees to North American ones. The most common of these is Pennsylvania bird cherry (Padus pennsylvanica (L. f.)). It is very similar to the Maak bird cherry in its peeling bark, only much darker, almost dark cherry and rougher.

The Pennsylvania bird cherry flower raceme is shortened, similar to a bunch of cherry blossoms. Its fruits are dark red and quite edible.

This bird cherry is also similar to cherries in that when the tree is wounded, gum flows out abundantly. By the way, a number of botanists classify this bird cherry as a member of the Cherry genus (Cerasus).

Pennsylvania bird cherry has also become naturalized in our country, like Maak bird cherry, only it suffers more from bark burns and attacks from wood-destroying fungi.

Another North American species is the virgin bird cherry (Padus virginiana (L.) Mill.). It is very similar to our bird cherry in its bark, clusters of flowers, and fruits (which are larger than those of our bird cherry and sweeter). Breeders have also used this species to create cerapadus (cherry hybrids). The easiest way to distinguish Virginia bird cherry from our bird cherry is by its faint fragrant flowers and leaves, the teeth on which are spinous, with glands at the end.

Unlike the two previous species, Virginia bird cherry has almost never been naturalized in our country; it is extremely rare in forests.

These are the bird cherry trees, as they say, that everyone liked: if not for the beauty and aroma of the flowers, then for the beauty of the trees themselves and the autumn foliage; if the fruits are not particularly tasty, then to create new ones fruit crops came in handy! So plant bird cherry, admire this tree and benefit from it!

I.L. Mininzon,

full member of the Russian Botanical Society

Number of impressions: 4141

Our ancestors also planted bird cherry trees near the house. And not only because it blooms beautifully and exudes a wonderful aroma. During flowering, the tree releases phytoncides into the air, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria. It was believed that standing in the shade of a tree could ward off illness. Let's take a closer look at the varieties of common bird cherry and its areas of application.

In the third year after planting, it is recommended to start with the rash. The purpose of branching is to clearly define the main terminal in the event that the tree branches at a twin and removes the lower branches of the palate. In the first years after planting, radical removal of lateral branches and branching into the so-called canine proved successful. It is not good to intervene “for the sake of green” in May-June. We remove part of the tree's assimilation area, but also stimulate intensive growth terminal. Wood still has enough time to finish growing season to create a splinter with well-defined wood and create reserves for the winter and spring seasons.

The tree blooms in May or early June. Flowers collected in oblong inflorescences smell pleasant and attract bees. Bird cherry is an excellent honey plant. This is another reason why they tried to plant them near houses or on personal plots. The tree or shrub is widespread throughout Russia: from the European part to Siberia and the Far East. That is why, along with the birch, it can be considered a symbol of the Central Russian Plain.

In addition, cutting wounds are very well wrapped in healing tissue because the removed branches have a relatively small diameter. During this period, the wood's attack on fungal infections is minimal. It is impossible to make the correct cut at the beginning with gardening shears on the mating ring. In later years, the removal of branches may be too much, so you can also use shears with a saw or a lever with a longer handle. In the subsequent months of the year, cherries can be made with certain reservations.

But bird cherry can be different!

It should be noted that we are losing growth potential and removing wood that was made from assimilates that the tree could have used to raise the height and create taller roof floors. Late growth also weakens the formation of reserves during the growth period and successful development in the upcoming season.

The most common type is the common bird cherry, also called carpal bird. She throws out clusters of white inflorescences. Of the 20 tree varieties, 7 are cultivated on our territory. Of these, decorative species stand out. Their unusually beautiful inflorescences, from yellowish multi-colored to double pink, are used in landscape design to decorate garden and park compositions and personal plots.

Branching was first done in the third year after planting. The first few years can be nurtured by using garden shears from the ground. Later, when it is no longer possible to reach the branches from the ground, it is enough to bend the cherry tree, because the rod is very flexible and the bend is well tolerated. When the trees reach such a diameter that they cannot bend, it should be continued. In practice, a double ladder doesn't work very well. A lightweight aluminum ladder can be transported in lower vegetation, although this is a physically demanding activity.

The bird cherry with white flowers is more familiar to us. There is a popular belief that when the bird cherry blossoms, you can start sowing wheat and planting potatoes. There is an opinion that when a tree blooms, the air is freshest and cleanest. Flowering is also associated with temporary cooling, “bird cherry cold.”

But for most people, fragrant flowering symbolizes the renewal of nature and an optimistic spring mood.

Rupture was also experienced at a later age even with an end rod. However, this method cannot be recommended because it is not easy to make an accurate cut on the mating ring at a distance of several meters, cutting inaccuracies are called "hangers" or deformation damage. Working with a blade is just as physically demanding as working with ladders. For taller cherries, care should be taken when branching the cherries, leaving 1-3 clusters.

The growth of some cherries was stopped by an aphid attack on the terminal. The occurrence of aphids is often associated with the presence of ants, which protect the aphids and probably get rid of them. This symbiotic relationship often causes significant growth retardation. The following year, the mostly damaged terminal is replaced by one of the side branches, which takes the position and height of dominance of the terminal, creating the "sable" growth of the main trunk. However, this deformation is straightened out with the force of the deformation, without the need to exaggerate the replacement terminal.

What types of bird cherry are there?

In addition to the common bird cherry familiar to everyone, The Virgin Cherry variety has taken root. This beautiful plant migrated from North America.

Virginskaya

The tree grows up to 15 meters. Unlike the brush cherry, which has black fruits, the virginia bunches of berries are dark red.. Blooms with white inflorescences. The plant looks especially impressive in autumn. The leaves turn burgundy-red. Tolerates hot weather and winter well. Loves moist soils and light. Propagates from seeds and root shoots. Virgin bird cherry has several varieties, depending on the type of fruit (black, yellow, light red). The shape of the tree is short and with drooping branches (weeping bird cherry).

After several years of planting cherries in the Vranovice Gajok area, interesting finds were found. Surprisingly, the tallest and plumpest cherries grew near the edges of the pine tree. Logically, we would expect the opposite. We have experience with marginal effects, such as on oak stands in floodplain habitats, where sometimes the outer rows of stands next to adjacent foothills are replaced by another tree. A certain degree of bird tolerance is confirmed by professional literature, which states that cherries are good to eat during their youth, even with moderate shine.

Common Colorata

It looks more like a bush, as it reaches a height of up to 5 meters. The unusual leaves, colored in shades of purple and red in spring, turn green by summer. In autumn the foliage turns red again. But the plant is especially beautiful during the flowering period. Lush pink inflorescences with a delicate almond aroma. The twigs and bark also have a purple tint. It sends out shoots from the root, so it reproduces easily. Loves moisture, light, tolerates winter well. Like most types of bird cherry, it is susceptible to spring frosts. Black fruits ripen by August.

The proverb says: "Before the daisy, smile, kneel before you kneel." And the proverbs are right. Without this, it is beneficial many times a year. In the spring, thanks to the flowers, the berries are processed in the fall. It doesn't start until October, so we have time to prepare, but fall is in the air. And nature has so cleverly arranged that in the fall it ripens that we must bury our body in order to survive in the winter -.

Care and reproduction

Likewise, in the spring it is good to give in to the lead of fresh green shoots and shoots to cleanse the body. There is nothing better than listening to the cycle of nature - in this regard no one has ever invented. Without this, it is not an original look in our country, which may sound like a banality. In the Middle Ages it belonged to the irreplaceable medicinal plants for the poor. It has been used to treat almost all diseases and health problems. Here it would be useful to add that in Slovakia it is not used for the production of fujara, there are probably large bushes.

Late

The main habitat is North America, but has taken root in the temperate latitudes of our country. Powerful tree with a well-developed crown up to 20 meters. Bright green foliage in summer, turning yellow-red in autumn. It is called “late” because it blooms 2 weeks later, in late May-early June. Black round fruits ripen at the end of August. The fruits are twice as large as those of ordinary bird cherry, juicier and without an astringent aftertaste. It is also called “rum cherry” due to its dessert taste. It makes delicious tinctures. The tree is highly self-fertile, tolerates winter well, and has a powerful root system.

But we are more interested in how to consume them. Flowers fried into dough have been a favorite delicacy, in recent years it was a lemonade syrup preparation in the past. The flower extract can also be a delicious essence to taste in ice creams or creams. At the moment the flowers are already passing through, but they also have great potential for berries, they can make jam, syrup, liqueur, wine, chicken or mustard. berry tree used in Food Industry as a filler or replacement for the more expensive types of fruit in various fruit blends, which devalues ​​some of these highly nutritious fruits.

Antipka (Magalebskaya)

An amazing shrub with powerful roots that can live up to 200 years. Not picky about soil, can grow on rocky slopes. The Middle East and Europe are considered their homeland. The value of this variety is that it is perfect for cherry rootstock. Since bird cherry belongs to the plum family. The bush is used to strengthen crumbling slopes. The bark of the shrub contains coumarin, an aromatic substance used in perfumery. Small white inflorescences cover the entire bush during flowering, emitting a pleasant aroma. The fruits are small and black.

It is best to prepare them for the winter using regular jam or syrup. For the syrup, simply quickly bake the berries, squeeze gently, juice with sugar, lemon juice or cinnamon and cook until syrupy. It was not just a gift. Think about this when you find yourself near the ruins of this almost miraculous bush.

Recipe: Black Mustard

Add 100ml cider vinegar and 100ml water to the top of a spoonful of mustard seed and let it soak the next day. Then mix, do not use a coat, thicker texture is better and add another 100ml apple cider vinegar. Roast five hundred grams of berries in a medium roasting pan until they begin to crack, then give them a tug. Add one finely chopped onion, a few licorice petals, pork cinnamon, five cloves, a spoon sugar cane and cook until the onion is quite soft.

Squamous

It has taken root well in middle and northern latitudes. Characterized by abundant flowering. The dark brown fruits have a sweet-sour and tart taste. High yield and early ripening, winter hardiness make the tree suitable for growing in cold climates. A tree up to 5 meters high produces up to 15 kg of berries.

Remove the mixture from the heat, discard the spices and cool slightly. Then add the mixed seeds, stir and absorb the salt. Pour the mixture into an airtight glass, keeping it in the refrigerator for a month. Bird watching is a great form of active relaxation and contact with nature. The biggest advantage of bird watching is that it can be done anywhere and all year round, and everyone can watch him. To start an interesting adventure with winged friends, we don't need to leave home.

What is a hybrid

Just know how to lure birds in the spring during your time in the backyard garden, and in the winter enjoy our feeder-filled eyes. For our participation, the birds will pay off, for example, they eat harmful insects. This post provides some tips and practical advice about how to help birds.

Self-fertile and Sakhalin (Siberian cherries)

Early ripening varieties, the berries ripen in July, bred by Siberian breeders. They tolerate frosts well. Give a consistently good harvest of up to 20-22 kg. Resistant to diseases. They easily tolerate spring frosts. Trees with a powerful crown up to 8 meters bloom with large white inflorescences. The varieties differ in the taste of the berries.

If we want to enjoy the presence of winged guests in the garden all year round, we need to decorate it. For birds, the two most important things are food and a safe place to breed. Birds do not like well-kept gardens where hedges are trimmed and grass is regularly cut. They are best in areas that are a little "punctuated". By leaving vines and thorny bushes untouched, we create convenient nesting sites for many species of these animals. Birds usually do not like plants of foreign origin; they prefer local species of shrubs and trees, providing them with sufficient food.

Small-serrated Amanogova (sakura)

Sakura Amanogova has the most beautiful blossoms. Bird cherry belongs to the genus of plums, according to its species characteristics it belongs to cherry.. Therefore, the famous Japanese sakura is also a bird cherry. Finely serrated Amonogova is a dome-shaped decorative tree. Double white and pink flowers cover the entire tree. The unusually beautiful flowering and delicate aroma have glorified sakura as one of the miracles created by nature.

Elderberry is a delicacy for many species of birds. Favorite species herbaceous plants are often considered by us as weeds. Sandwich, chamomile, vetiver, thistle, St. John's wort and evening primrose are plants whose seeds feed on common rods - calluses, crowns or clumps. Stinging nettles will in turn provide cover for bushes and cows. The fence or composter should be covered with vines—five-leaf vines, vines, or common ivy—that will be used by the birds as a hatching site, shelter from predators, or living quarters.

Ssyori (Far Eastern, Ainu)

A beautiful powerful tree reaching 10 to 20 meters in height. Distribution area: Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. When the inflorescences bloom, they are colored red-purple, later turning white. The length of the inflorescence is up to 15 centimeters, with a beautiful bell-shaped flower shape and a delicate aroma. Large berries up to 12 mm.

In nettle nests you can nest one of the wobblers - freckles. If we decide to plant a hedge, it is best to create it from evergreen shrubs. Among their dense branches they nest in nests or calligraphs. It is important that bushes or trees with late ripening fruit appear in the garden. They will provide food for our winged neighbors in the most difficult of them - autumn and winter. Berber, lilac, black, cherry, bumblebee or hawthorn are just some of the bushes whose fruits are loved by braids, chicks, gizzards and jellies.

Apple, cherry, pear and plum blossoms left on the branches will be an excellent source of food when snow falls and frost sets in. Don't forget the pond! Garden-friendly birds cannot be deprived of water. So consider creating a small pond where the birds can quench their thirst and take a bath. Remember that the edges of the tank should not be too steep. It is best to cover them with stones or rub them with gravel. If there is not enough space in the garden, let's place a bird's nest in shady place filled with water under a flower pot.

Healing properties of wood

Healers in ancient times knew about the healing properties of the plant, which are contained in the bark, leaves and berries.

Therefore, they were actively used for treatment:

• phytoncides, which are contained in the bark of the tree, were used in the form of decoctions or made tinctures. The bark was removed in thin strips in the spring. Used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-fever and diaphoretic. Tinctures help well with rheumatism.

The bark and leaves contain hydrocyanic acid, so you need to be extremely careful in dosages.

Remember to always replace and replenish the water. Watching birds bathing will bring us a lot of joy! Most birds in close proximity to people make their nests on tree branches or in dense bushes. But there are also those that nest in the voids or depressions of buildings. We can help them by setting up shelters in places where there are no natural shelters.

The boxes have different designs and size. There are also boxes for larger birds. Almost every species advocates a different case. So, there are no universal boxes and hanging in the garden of a bird house, we need to know whether we want its resident to be a tiktorka, a starling or a jackfruit! Monkeys are a common resident of breeding boxes.

• for lung diseases A decoction of leaves and flowers is useful. An infusion of flowers treats the mucous membranes of the eyes. The bark is used to treat rheumatism;

• fruits are a storehouse of vitamins and useful elements. Vitamins P, the so-called flavonoids, strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Amygdalin (B17, most abundant in bones) is used as an antitumor and anticancer substance. Sugars, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, essential and fatty oils (in the seeds), mineral elements, including molybdenum and titanium, are contained in the fruits. Therefore, they are used as a restorative remedy for many stomach diseases and colds. Tannins and astringents from the fruit are used to combat diarrhea;

It is thanks to these properties that bird cherry has found application in medicine and home cooking.

Use in cooking

Bird cherry is widely used in cooking. The berries are inferior in taste to their relatives - cherries and plums due to their slightly astringent taste and sourness, but they are healthy for the body and aromatic.

Dried berries are ground into flour. Used as an additive to bakery products. The baked goods acquire a delicate delicate aroma.

Use:

• a cake is baked from bird cherry flour;
• make delicious bird cherry kvass;
• tinctures and liqueurs are made on its basis;
• fresh berries are an excellent filling for pies;
• make jelly, fruit drinks, syrups;
• young leaves can be used for salads;
• make tea;
• making jam.

Bird cherry is especially valuable for the northern regions, where berries that can be grown in temperate latitudes cannot ripen.

Bird cherry is widespread throughout our country. It pleases with its flowering and delicate aroma. Used in medicine and cooking. Gardeners are planting new varieties. Decorative tree species are used in landscape gardening. Poets and writers wrote about bird cherry with warmth and love.

Red bird cherry is also called. This is an unusually beautiful tree with tasty and healthy berries. For a gardener, this is a real find: the tree is very unpretentious in care, resistant to negative factors environment, bears fruit well and for a long time, and the red berries can be used both in cooking and in folk medicine. In addition, red bird cherry is very decorative and will decorate any garden plot.

• It can reach a height of 7 meters.
• The leaves are dark green, slightly elongated, smooth.
• The flowers, as befits bird cherry, are white, practically odorless, collected in racemes up to 15 cm long.
• Unlike ordinary bird cherry with black berries, red bird cherry has dark red more large fruits. They have a more pleasant taste, not as tart as ordinary bird cherry.

Red bird cherry is also an ornamental plant. She is beautiful at any time of the year. During the time it is covered with white flowers, like lace, during fruiting red berries appear, which last even during frosts, and in autumn the foliage also turns reddish. IN middle lane red bird cherry is less common due to its lower frost resistance. However, with proper care, it can survive the cold.

The most popular varieties of red bird cherry are Narym and Taiga, Rassvet, Samoplodnaya.

They differ in the height of the bush, color, size and taste of the fruit, as well as properties. The Narym and Taiga varieties are relatively low shrubs, up to 4 m. They have dense foliage, bloom beautifully and luxuriantly, and then produce small, sweet and sour red fruits. From each tree you can collect up to 5 kg of berries, but they are planted in groups, since they are not pollinated individually.

Rassvet is an early and low variety (up to 3 m). The fruits are not large, but appear regularly. The bush bears fruit regularly. Although the berries are small in size, proper care You can collect up to 10 kg of harvest from a bush.

will not be labor intensive. Among the methods of reproduction, the most popular are the following:

• Bones. Reproduction by seeds is the most time-consuming and labor-intensive. A planted seed will not sprout soon, but such a tree will begin to bear fruit in the 7th year. The seed should be planted in the fall in prepared soil to a depth of no more than 5-6 cm. You can do this in the spring, but then the seeds need to be prepared (). To do this, the seeds are placed in the soil and placed in the refrigerator for a certain time to simulate the conditions winter period peace. After this they will rise better. The stratification period lasts 3-4 months.
• . Bird cherry propagates well from green cuttings. When the shoots stop growing, you need to cut several cuttings up to 15 cm long. The leaves should be removed from the cuttings, leaving only 2-3 pieces at the top. Ready cuttings need to be soaked in water or a special solution that stimulates growth. The next day they are put in a special nutrient soil, deepening by 2-3 cm, cover with film on top, creating greenhouse conditions. When will the cuttings be given? good roots, they can be planted in open ground. At first, the seedling will grow slowly. It needs to be fed and watered regularly.
• Root shoots. Virginia bird cherry is rich in root shoots, so this method of propagation is also quite effective and simple. To do this, you need to separate some of the roots from the mother plant in the spring, and plant the most rooted ones in the fall.
• By layering. Reproduction by layering is somewhat more complex and requires care. In the spring, holes about 10 cm deep are made around the mother plant. Layers are dug into these holes and secured with wooden pegs. These layerings need to be hilled regularly. You can separate cuttings from the mother tree only in the fall, when they are sufficiently rooted. After some time, they can be planted in a permanent place.

Red bird cherry is unpretentious in care. It is quite resistant to frost, drought, pests and diseases. However, maximum results can be achieved only if you follow some simple rules for caring for red bird cherry:

1. If you are planting already grown seedlings, you need to dig a fairly spacious hole in which all the roots can freely fit. In order for the tree to take root well, it needs to be placed in this hole. You can also use organic matter, but in limited quantities.
2. Red bird cherry should be watered abundantly only after planting. If the tree has already grown stronger and taken root, it is enough to flood it well 2-3 times during the growth period. It is necessary that the soil is well saturated with water by about 20-30 cm.
3. Most varieties of red bird cherry are cross-pollinated, so it is not advisable to plant bird cherry alone. The distance between trees should be at least 2 m, as they grow. You can plant different varieties of bird cherry.
4. After planting, the seedling must be pruned by 50-60 cm, then the first branches will begin to grow lower, and the bird cherry will be more magnificent. As it grows, the main shoot is pruned annually to form a shrub.
5. The soil around the bird cherry needs to be weeded, cleared of it, and also loosened regularly so that the crust does not interfere with the roots being saturated with oxygen.
6. Bird cherry needs to be fed every spring mineral fertilizers. Immediately after, you need to loosen the soil by 50-60 cm, and not leave the fertilizer on the surface.
7. Red bird cherry needs to be pruned. In this way you can grow either a tree or a branched shrub. To make it easier to care for and harvest, the height of the bird cherry tree needs to be adjusted. Optimal height– 3 m. The side branches also need to be pruned so that the bird cherry spends more energy on fruits and not on foliage.
8. Once every 3 years it can be applied to a depth of 10 cm organic fertilizers type of manure, but it is advisable not to overdo it.

Red bird cherry looks very beautiful in the garden. It can decorate parks and alleys. Red berries stick well to the branches and can stay that way all winter, decorating the area even in the cold season.

Besides decorative use Bird cherry can be actively used in cooking.

Due to the fact that red berries are sweeter and more pleasant than regular black ones, they can be eaten fresh. They are rich in vitamin C, strengthen the immune system, promote rejuvenation of the body, and improve the functioning of the stomach and intestines.

However, those who suffer from gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice should be careful with fresh berries. From the fruits of red bird cherry you can make bird cherry flour, fillings for pies, they are good to add to jams and compotes.

IN folk medicine The fruits, branches, and leaves of red bird cherry are widely used:

• The berries contain a lot of tannins, which make them slightly astringent in taste. For this reason, the berries have a fixative effect, useful for diarrhea, but undesirable for chronic constipation. However, bird cherry rarely leads to constipation, because, among other things, the fruits contain a lot of fiber, which has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility.
• Also, the fruits and leaves of red bird cherry have a disinfecting effect. A decoction of leaves and berries has long been known for its antimicrobial effect. Moreover, you can not only drink this decoction, but also treat the room to destroy microbes and drive away small insects.
• Bird cherry contains potassium and vitamin P, which help strengthen capillary walls and improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
• The fruits of red bird cherry also have a beneficial effect on the urinary system. They remove toxins from the body and have a diuretic effect. Not only berries, but also buds, leaves, and bark can be used as a diuretic.

More information can be found in the video.