To grow strawberries in open ground healthy and productive, it is necessary to take into account botanical and varietal characteristics crops, nuances of agricultural technology and use knowledge of agrochemistry.

Strawberries are a demanding berry, but by following the lead and satisfying its appetites, you can easily master cultivation technology and get excellent harvest aromatic and sweet culture.

Choosing a site for growing strawberries in open ground

Where to plant strawberries depends on the growing region. Strawberries will not tolerate excessive dryness and constant humidity.. Its root system penetrates completely shallowly into the soil, so the scorching sun quickly deprives it of life-giving moisture.

• If cultivation is planned in southern latitudes , then you can give preference to the openwork shade of trees, or the western or eastern side of the building.
• If northern regions , where warmth pleases, not very often, and heat is not at all possible, then only the southern side will be suitable for growing a capricious crop.

You cannot choose low-lying space. Constant standing water will contribute to the rotting of the root system and the spread of fungal diseases. In the case of “no choice,” you need to equip a drainage system that will help ensure timely outflow of water.

Site selection

The strawberry plantation should be well lit by the sun, and there should be no stagnation of moisture in the soil.

When selecting a site, immediately decide how long the crop is going to stay on it. Ideally, strawberries can be grown in one place for 3–4 years without compromising yield.

Modern intensive technologies practice cultivation for 1–2 years, and then the crop moves to another area.

You also need to take care of the predecessor. Strawberries cannot be placed after nightshade crops due. It is better if green salad crops (parsley, radishes, lettuce) grow in the beds in front of the strawberries.

Site preparation

Preparing a bed for strawberries begins with digging and removing weeds.

In this condition, the area goes under the snow.

After the snow melts, the prepared bed will sag and strawberries can be planted.

Purchase of planting material

You need to take care of your purchase in advance. In order for strawberries to please you for as long as possible, it is better to give preference to varieties with different ripening periods in equal parts. Early, mid, and late strawberries will make the conveyor belt of berries reaching your table take a long time.

If you want to have strawberries from spring to late autumn, then you cannot do without remontant varieties.

When purchasing seedlings, carefully inspect them; if the color of the leaves, rosettes or roots is suspicious, it is better to refuse the purchase.

Carefully inspect the strawberry seedling before purchasing.

Buying planting material In breeding nurseries and specialized sales points, you can be more confident in the quality of the seedlings and the conformity of the variety.

When choosing a variety, give preference to zoned strawberries, those that react well exactly according to your natural conditions.

Planting seedlings

Growing strawberries can be done in two ways:

• carpet method;
• private.

Carpet method

The carpet method is convenient for those who rarely visit the site - overgrown bushes are less likely to need watering and loosening.

Strawberries planted in rows develop well and produce a stable harvest.

If planting is carried out using the row method, then the distance between the bushes is 20–25 cm, and between the rows 60–70 cm, the rows can be either one at a time or 2–3 at a time without row spacing.

When planting a bed, seedlings must be dipped into the hole up to their necks, so that the rosette is not covered with soil. After watering the plant, you can, if necessary, slightly pull it up.

With any planting method, it is important to ensure that the “heart” of the seedling is placed at soil level.

About watering strawberries

Initially, after planting, watering is carried out 2 times a day. After partial rooting once. And then 3-4 times a week until complete rooting.

Young strawberry seedlings need to be watered more often.

Strawberry is a moisture-loving crop . Her root system Does not accept dry soil at all. The roots are located superficially and at the slightest drying out the bushes begin to wither. When watering, the leaves will restore turgor, but every violation of agricultural technology inevitably affects the yield of the crop.

Modern technologies make it possible to provide strawberries with moisture, regardless of climatic and regional characteristics. Drip irrigation is the best way to balance the level of moisture supply.

To control the crop’s need for water, it is enough to dig a hole near the root system; if the soil is not dry, the humidity is optimal.

Harvesting

During the harvest process

The moment of harvesting is as important as other events. Strawberries should not be allowed to remain in the garden for a long time in a ripe state.

Berries are harvested daily, in the morning.. During this period, strawberries need least watering, and excessive humidity can cause the berries to be watery.

Overmoistening promotes the spread of fungal diseases and bacterial rot.

Selection of planting material

Strawberry tendrils are either left for propagation or cut off.

Strawberries multiply intensively. If at first this pleases the gardener, then it is necessary to remove the mustache in a timely manner if preference is given to varieties with intensive mustache formation.

The mustache is trimmed with scissors or a sickle and discarded if there is no need for additional planting material.

If seedlings are needed, the tendrils take root. The best material The first two rosettes on the mustache are considered, the rest are removed.

To grow quality planting material it is necessary to ensure that rooting takes place in loose soil, moist soil and with constant addition of fresh compost or humus. By autumn, strawberry seedlings will be ready for...

Agrotechnics of cultivation

It is good to feed flowering strawberries with a biologically based fertilizer that does not contain “chemicals” and has a “gentle” effect on the root system.

During the period of fruiting and growing seedlings, strawberries took a sufficient amount nutrients from the ground and they need to be replenished . However, in the fall the crop does not need nitrogen compounds, but it helps to lay flowering buds and.

Another good top dressing is an infusion of chicken manure with nettles.

Spring cleaning

With the onset of the first warm days, the soil begins to rapidly warm up, and the green rosette of strawberries begins to grow. You need to hurry and remove old leaves, tendrils and weeds from the rows.

If the rows have not been dug up since the fall, this can be done in the spring, but it is better that the wintering forms of pathogens and pests do not have time to reach the surface. If digging is not planned, then loosening the compacted soil after winter is simply necessary.

In spring, old leaves of strawberries are cut off.

Spring feeding

Spring is a time of intensive growth of vegetative mass. For this, strawberries need fast-acting nutrients, so it is necessary to use nitrogenous mineral fertilizers.

It is better to take ammonia as a fertilizer saltpeter or urea. Dissolve 2 tbsp in a bucket of water. spoons and pour 200–350 ml under each bush; the first fertilizing needs to be done in early spring, immediately after sanitary cleaning. The second nitrogen fertilizing is carried out at the moment the peduncle extends, with the same fertilizers and in the same dose.

As spring feeding Manure solutions perform well. To do this, pig, cow or horse manure is poured with water at a rate of 1:10, and chicken manure at a rate of 1:20. For each bush you can safely add 200–250 ml .

"Foliar" feeding

If strawberries are planted on sandy soils, then the leaching of nutrients is more intense, so there is a need to carry out foliar feeding.

Foliar feeding is carried out before the berries begin to ripen.

Dissolve 1 tablespoon of ammonium nitrate, 2–3 g, in a bucket of water boric acid crystalline and 3–4 drops alcohol tincture 5% iodine, mix everything and treat the strawberries one sheet at a time using a spray bottle.

Pests and diseases

In the technology of growing strawberries in open ground, there are activities that are carried out constantly - these are observations. The enemy does not sleep.

The causative agents of bacterial and fungal diseases can sit hidden for years. They are always there, but their population is too small to cause harm to our garden bed.

Due to a combination of circumstances, natural and weather factors the explosion of malicious agents can be instantaneous , so you need to be constantly vigilant.

Constant inspection of the plantation will help to recognize the pathogen or pest in time and treat the area to prevent it from spreading to such an extent that it will no longer be possible to save the strawberry bed.

Video about preparing a bed for autumn planting strawberries

• Hydroponic strawberries
• Step-by-step opening plan
• How much can you earn
• Which equipment to choose
• Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?
• What documents are needed to open a business?
  • conclusions
    • • Similar business ideas:

Strawberries are a popular berry that is loved not only in our country, but throughout the world. Strawberries are consumed both fresh and used in processing to make jam, jam, juices, etc. With the appearance of the first harvests in the spring, the berries are literally sold out. And sometimes it doesn’t matter what the price tag is. A kilogram early strawberries in large cities it costs at least 250 rubles...

You can start your own mini-business growing strawberries even from a summer cottage. To sell the first batches of berries, no documents are needed, since the products are sold from personal plots. Registration of individual entrepreneurs, tax deductions, all this later, when industrial scale appears. At first, berries can be sold through fruit shops and kiosks, as well as by handing over berries in small wholesale quantities to resellers. Do you want to learn more about business and earn stable money? We offer you free book about investing money wisely. By choosing the method that interests you, you can earn a good income while doing something clear.

Growing strawberries in open ground

Growing strawberries in open ground is the most common method. There are a number of objective reasons for this:

1. Low investment. No buildings of any kind, in the form of greenhouses (read more about growing in a greenhouse) and hydroponic setups are not required. You can start with your own garden, and then, as necessary, either rent a plot or buy it. Main investments: fertilizers, planting material and drip irrigation(not to mention land plot).
2. The technology is simple and clear. A little literature - and you can get a good harvest.
3. Strawberries grown outdoors are juicy, sweet and more “natural”. Selling such a product is much easier.

In open ground, strawberries are planted in rows, at a distance of 35 - 40 cm from each other. The soil must be covered with spunbond-based agrofibre. This material protects the plant from direct sunlight, while retaining moisture, allowing air to pass through and accumulating heat. The most common varieties for open ground: Gigantella, Elizabeth II, Albion, Honey. The fruits of these varieties are large and appetizing. Thus, the fruits of the Gigantella variety grow up to 100 grams. Just 10 berries - we get a kilogram of marketable strawberries.

The disadvantages of open ground are obvious:

1. Seasonality. Depending on the climatic conditions of the region, strawberries can be grown exclusively between May and September.
2. Dependence on weather conditions. Drought, frost, etc., and you can lose almost the entire harvest.
3. Diseases, pests, and weeds, which are present in abundance in open ground, will haunt the farmer.
4. Harvesting - you have to pick berries by literally crawling on the ground, which is extremely inconvenient. Hence we get higher costs for labor during the harvest period.

With all its pros and cons, growing in open ground is the surest way to start a strawberry business. Firstly, it is cheaper and therefore less risky. Secondly, you don’t need to have any serious knowledge to plant a field and reap the first harvest. Finally, this will allow you to try to sell the berries. And sales in this matter, as practice shows, is the most difficult stage. Having learned to sell, you can think about how to increase production volumes. There are others on this score, more expensive, but also more effective ways growing strawberries.

Video about a successful farm growing strawberries in open ground:

Hydroponic strawberries

Hydroponics is a very popular method of growing plants indoors. Thus, in Israel, hydroponics is used by more than 80% farms. This method involves planting plants in a thin layer of organic substrate (peat, for example), laid on a mesh and placed in a tray with nutrient solution. Speaking in simple words In hydroponics, the plant is fed not from the soil, but from a mineral solution, the composition of which is formed depending on the type of plant. Strawberries are also actively grown hydroponically, although there are few such farms in our country. What are the advantages of hydroponics:

1. The plant always receives the right amount of nutrients, much more than from solid soil. From here and more fast growth and faster harvest.
2. There is no need for daily watering.
3. Pests and diseases that are typical when grown in soil (mole cricket, fungal diseases, nematodes) are completely absent.
4. There is no need to purchase soil for transplanting strawberries and spend money on its delivery.
5. It is much easier to replant a plant without damaging the roots.
6. The resulting berry is environmentally friendly, since no toxic chemicals or pesticides are used during the growing process.

Particularly successful farmers manage to produce up to 45 kg of strawberries per 1 sq. m. using hydroponics. m., or 450 tons from 1 hectare! The hydroponics method is extremely popular among homeowners who grow berries as a hobby. People plant strawberries this way not only in greenhouses, but also on window sills. And fresh berries, when choosing the appropriate varieties, grow all year round. Ready-made hydroponic installations and systems can be purchased from specialized companies. You can also construct a hydroponic installation with your own hands; fortunately, there are many videos on this subject on the Internet. For example this:

As a basis for installation, you can use conventional plastic containers, located on racks. If we talk about large planting areas, then the obvious disadvantages of the system include the high cost of structures and high energy costs, because plant growth requires a continuous supply of oxygen to the solution. Moreover, if an entrepreneur decides to grow strawberries on an industrial scale in this way, the construction of greenhouses will be required, which makes the project very expensive. Discount costs. A hydroponic installation for 30 seats will cost about 10,000 rubles, for 3,000 bushes - 1,000,000 rubles. In terms of area, this number of installations will occupy about 50 square meters. m. A fully equipped greenhouse of this size will cost about 150,000 rubles. In total, the total cost of the project exceeds a million, excluding the costs of planting material and substrate.

Trukars - growing strawberries vertically

An interesting device called “Trukar” was invented by Alexander Naseichuk from the Leningrad region. Trukar is a pipe with pockets, installed vertically. A strawberry bush is sown in each pocket and connected to drip system glaze. What are the advantages of Trukar? Firstly, the greenhouse area is significantly saved (by about 300%). One trukhar occupies only 0.5 square meters. m. and holds 90 strawberry bushes. That's only for 1 sq. m. we can place 180 strawberry bushes, thereby increasing the profitability of the entire greenhouse. Secondly, the trukar is very convenient in terms of planting plants and subsequently caring for them. You can watch more details about growing strawberries in trucers in the following video:

During the season (2-2.5 months), up to 12 kg of strawberries are harvested from one farmer. Accordingly, from 500 trukars (500 sq. m.) you can get 6 tons of strawberries. In monetary terms, this is approximately 1.2 million rubles. revenue if you sell strawberries for an average of 200 rubles/kg. This is if we take into account ordinary varieties. With remontant varieties, the yield and income, accordingly, may be slightly higher.

A variation of the vertical method is growing strawberries in plastic bags using the so-called Dutch technology. The essence of this technology is that seedlings are planted at a certain interval, after 2 - 3 months. This allows you to harvest continuously without using remontant varieties. In order for strawberries to begin to bear fruit, regardless of the time of year, they must be preserved, that is, sent into hibernation, as happens in natural conditions. To do this, well-developed strawberry bushes are cut in the fall and stored in a refrigerated place. A regular refrigerator is suitable for these purposes. The result is seedlings called "Frigo". Such seedlings can be “awakened” at any time by planting them in closed ground in a greenhouse (Recommended reading greenhouse business plan). And it doesn’t matter when you do it, in January or May. The main thing is that the greenhouse is ready for planting. A couple of months after planting, the strawberries will bear their first harvest.

The best varieties for Dutch technology are Elsanta, Darselect, Maria, Sonata, Gloom, Polka, Tristar and, of course, Albion (the most popular greenhouse strawberry variety). Strawberries are planted in bags made of white plastic film. The length of the bag is 2 meters and the diameter is 16 cm. The bag is filled with a substrate, including soil and fertilizers. Next, holes of 7 cm are made in the bag in a checkerboard pattern in four rows, at a distance of 25 cm from each other. Then the bags are hung on special supports, 2-3 bags for each square meter. You can do it a little differently by placing the bags horizontally on regular racks. In this way you can make several tiers. Plants are fed using droppers, which are supplied in three parts of the bag every 50 cm. Strawberries are pollinated by hand, using a soft brush or using a fan.

Step-by-step opening plan

Having a certain amount of money to start with, you need to decide which method of growing strawberries is right for you. Based on this, choose: · Place (or room) for planting strawberries; · Equipment for growing berries; · Planting material - the variety that is most profitable for a given growing method; Product sales plan

How much can you earn

When grown in open ground, by the second year, 10 acres provide both seedlings and enough berries - 700-800 kg. In this case, all costs of the first year are covered: planting material, drip irrigation system, film or agrofibre. You can expand the planting area. But the third year already gives a clean and good income. I guarantee up to 2 tons of excellent berries from approximately 5 thousand strawberry bushes. The profitability of growing strawberries in a greenhouse exceeds 100%, and the payback is usually predictable in the first season. But, the starting investment for organizing and equipping a greenhouse farm is 30-50% higher than for agricultural production in open ground. When grown in the Dutch way (in bags), you can get up to 30 kg from one square meter. garden strawberries. When selling berries in the summer, when average price 70 rub. per kilogram, from one square meter you can earn more than 2 thousand rubles. And in the cold season, the price for a “vitamin product” will be on average about 200 rubles/kilo, the benefit accordingly will be up to 6 thousand rubles. With a berry yield of 50 sq.m and taking into account expenses, the profit will be under 300 thousand rubles.

How much money do you need to start a business?

On average, to build a greenhouse with a planting area of ​​1 hectare, you will need 1300-1450 thousand rubles. To set up a 1 meter square room for producing berries in bags you will need about 300 rubles (including planting material). If you have problems with start-up capital, we offer the opportunity to earn at least part of the money. The one we offer is suitable for this purpose. set of 50 ways. From it you can choose starting options without investment.

Which equipment to choose

Equipment for cultivation: · in open ground - drip irrigation(pipes, fittings and filters, drip tape), mulching film or agrofibre; · Dutch method - room (barn, garage, etc.), polyethylene bags 200-220 cm long, 15-16 cm in diameter. For each bag there are 3 irrigation pipes and a mixture of peat and perlite; · for hydroponics - trays, pumps, tubes and nutrient substrate; · for the trukar method - a pipe with pockets, a substrate, an irrigation system.

Remontant strawberries are capable of bearing fruit several times a year. Due to this feature of the variety remontant strawberries require special care and growing methods.

Remontant strawberries differ from ordinary strawberries in the time of fruit bud formation. In ordinary strawberries, fruit buds are formed during a short daylight hours, and for the remontant one - during neutral or long. Therefore, remontant varieties, when grown in open ground, bear fruit twice a season: the first time in July, and the second time at the end of August/beginning of September.

The second harvest may be much larger than the first. It can even account for up to 90% of the total number of berries per bush per season, although most often this figure approaches the 60% mark.

Remontant varieties are large-fruited. The weight of 1 berry in some cases can even reach 100 grams. On average, the weight of 1 berry varies from 20 to 75 grams, depending on the variety.

In the absence of special care, already in the second year of growth of the bush, the berries are small and sparse, and in the third year the plant most often dies.

Soil preparation

It is better to grow these varieties of strawberries in the area where crops such as carrots, parsley, garlic, radishes, beets or legumes previously grew. At the same time, it is not recommended to plant this crop after potatoes or cucumbers (as well as after tomatoes and cabbage). In addition, it is better not to grow this plant next to raspberries.

The area chosen for planting should be in direct sunlight. In addition, the soil on the site should be level and free of bumps and depressions. Location in lowlands is not allowed.

It is best if the garden bed has sandy or loamy soil. Peat soil, like sod-podzolic soil, is not suitable for growing this crop.

The soil for planting should be either slightly acidic or neutral. It is necessary to prepare the soil for planting in advance. If the crop is planned to be planted in the spring, then preparation is carried out in the fall; if planting will be done in the fall, then the soil is prepared in the spring or summer.

At the beginning of preparation, it is necessary to dig up the ground with a pitchfork and level it with a rake. During digging, it is necessary to remove weed roots and also add fertilizer. As such fertilizers, you can use humus or compost in the amount of 1 bucket per square meter of land. It is also necessary to add 5 kg to the soil wood ash(the figure is based on 10 square meters).

Once the soil has been fertilized, dug up and leveled, it can be left until planting. A month before the intended planting of the bushes, it is necessary to add potassium sulfate (in the amount of 20 g) to the soil with the addition of superphosphate, which must be taken twice as much as potassium sulfate (the numbers are based on each square meter). After applying the fertilizer, the soil is dug up again.

Planting seedlings

At in different ways planting and care are different. The planting time for each type of strawberry may also differ.

Dates and methods of planting

Planting in the ground is carried out in the autumn or in the spring. For southern regions It is preferable to plant seedlings in the ground in early September, while for the northern regions it is preferable to plant seedlings in the spring months, but not earlier than May.

For central Russia, it is preferable to choose the autumn months, from the beginning of August to the end of September, but it is also possible in the beginning of spring - from the end of March to mid-April.

You should focus on the temperature: optimal temperature air temperature when planting seedlings is 15-25 degrees Celsius.

Methods of planting seedlings in the ground

• carpet;
• nesting;
• private.

With the nesting method, the distance between plants is set at least half a meter. This method of planting seedlings is suitable for varieties that throw out tendrils. This method of seating allows you to get not only good harvest, but also high-quality planting material.

The advantage of this planting method is that the plants do not come into contact with each other, which means they do not infect each other when diseases occur. In addition, the bushes are well lit, as they do not shade each other.

Among the disadvantages are unused areas of land, of which there are quite a lot with this planting method, since the distance between the bushes is approximately 50 cm.

The distance between strawberry bushes is set to 20 cm - this is with the carpet method. Moreover, 20 cm is not only the distance between the bushes of the 1st row, but also the distance between the rows.

With the row method of planting this crop, a larger distance between the rows is provided - up to 70 cm, while the distance between the bushes remains the same - from 20 to 25 cm. The bushes will grow over time, at the same time the area of ​​the plantation will increase.

Caring for planted spring seedlings

Seedlings planted in early spring need shelter. The bed can be mulched with straw, or covered with pine needles or sawdust, or even agrofibre.

Mulching is necessary to retain moisture in the soil, which will allow you to water the plantation a little less often.

Caring for seedlings planted in spring also includes removing weeds from the plantation, loosening the soil and regular watering.

Caring for planted autumn seedlings and preparing for winter

At autumn planting it is necessary to remove all first-order whiskers. After planting in the ground, the bushes need regular watering to ensure sufficient soil moisture. It should be remembered that planting should occur no later than 3 weeks before the first frost. After the seedlings have endured the first frost, all leaves should be removed from the bushes and the strawberry bushes should be covered with covering material.

Methods of growing in open ground

There are many ways to grow this crop. For small summer cottages, non-standard planting methods have been specially developed, which greatly save space on the site.

On the ground in the beds

Among the classic ones, two methods of planting can be distinguished:

• one-liner:
• two-line.

With the one-line method, the distance between the rows is maintained at least 60 cm, and with the two-line method - no more than 30. The one-line planting method is safer for plants, since they do not contact each other and, accordingly, cannot infect each other.

The two-line planting method increases yields because the soil is used more efficiently.

For small areas, there are other ways to plant remontant strawberries in open ground, for example, the vertical method or “in bags.”

Vertical method

With the vertical method, strawberries are planted in pots, cut pipes, tires, boxes or any other containers that can be placed vertically. At the same time, space is greatly saved, since pots with bushes can be placed vertically on several floors. But in this case, care becomes a little more complicated.

"In bags"

When planting in bags, plastic bags are used in which soil is placed, and seedlings are planted in it. Such bags are hung vertically, which also saves space. Holes are made for plants.

Under covering material

Planting a bush of this crop under covering material makes caring for the plant much easier. Growing strawberries in this way allows you to create a microclimate in which the soil does not dry out, but at the same time, due to the lack of sunlight, weeds do not grow under the agrofibre.

In addition, due to the constant humidity under the covering material, earthworms begin to actively live and loosen the soil, so caring for strawberries planted in this way is much simpler.

The berries do not come into direct contact with the soil and this has a beneficial effect on the quality of the product. Therefore, growing remontant strawberries under covering material is a fairly progressive way to get high yields at fairly low costs.

Caring for remontant strawberries during the active growing season

The number of bushes, the quality of the root system and, as a result, the number and size of berries collected from one bush per season depend on the quality and correct care of the plant.

Watering and fertilizing

During the growing season, sufficient attention should be paid to soil moisture. If there is a lack of moisture in the soil, insufficient formation of the ovary or the formation of fruits of irregular shape may occur. All this has a detrimental effect on the quantity and quality of the harvest. Therefore, watering should be regular.

Mulching open areas of land around bushes will help reduce the costs associated with regular soil irrigation. This will lead to moisture retention in the soil, which in turn will allow the plantation to be watered less frequently.

In spring it is necessary to fertilize the soil. For this purpose they use ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate. Their quantity is calculated based on the formula: 15 g of substance per 1 square meter of soil.

This calculation is correct for both types of fertilizers. Superphosphate is also used for feeding. Per square meter it is needed twice as much as potassium sulfate.

Pruning remontant strawberries

During the growing season it is necessary to trim the mustache. This should be done throughout the spring and summer period. If you plan to grow new shoots, then the mustaches are not cut, but dug in, and thus by August there will already be young bushes that are ready for replanting. In autumn, pruning of leaves and tendrils is carried out.

All red, blackened, dried or infected shoots are removed. In this way, the bush prepares for wintering in order to more easily endure the winter cold.

What and how affects the quality of the crop

The quality and quantity of the harvest is affected by proper care of bushes and young shoots. The amount of harvest is greatly influenced by the regularity of watering and the absence of pests and diseases in the plant. Moreover, the benefits should not be underestimated regular feeding. During the growing season, fertilizing can be done twice a month.

Also, the correct trimming of the mustache has a great influence on the quality of the harvest. Because young shoots require a lot of effort to take root.

In the absence of proper care for the bushes, the strawberries will be few and small.

Propagation of remontant strawberries

Propagation of remontant strawberry varieties is carried out in at least three ways:

• growing from seeds;
• by dividing the bush;
• and with the help of a mustache.

Growing seedlings from seeds

When growing strawberries from seeds, the purest varieties are obtained. This planting method is very labor-intensive because it is carried out in spring period and lasts for several months.

Seeds must be prepared in advance. Preparations must begin as early as February, and only in mid-May will the seedlings be ready and need to be planted in the beds.

Dividing the bush

The method of propagating remontant strawberries by dividing the bush is resorted to in case of an insufficient number of seedlings or when it is necessary to quickly move part of the plantation to another place. To grow strawberries using this method, you need strong and healthy plants. Therefore, they choose either two-year-old or four-year-old bushes. Their root system should be strong and healthy.

At 4 years of age, the bush has several dozen shoots of horns. Each horn is already well developed, has lateral buds and formed leaves. In addition, it has well-developed adventitious roots. Such plants can be planted only in spring, or in emergency cases - in early autumn. Having dug such bushes from the ground, they must be divided and planted immediately.

After transplanting, it is necessary to water the plants daily. If it is scorching hot outside at this time, it is necessary to provide the young seedlings with constant shade.

Reproduction by mustache

Reproduction by whiskers is economical way, which is the easiest in terms of labor costs. In addition, new bushes obtained in this way give a harvest next year.

However, when propagating strawberries using this method, it is necessary to sacrifice the second harvest of the season. The fact is that the strawberry bush spends energy either on the formation of berries, or on the development and rooting of the mustache. Therefore, if you want to obtain high-quality planting material, you must refuse to obtain a second harvest.

For propagation in this way, annual bushes are selected that, at the first fruiting, produced large, even berries. The first tendrils that appear must be spread around the bush, giving them the opportunity to take root. Whiskers that appear later must simply be removed.

By August the young bushes will be ready. A week before moving them to a new place, it is necessary to trim the mustache that connects them to the mother bush. Young bushes are transplanted to a new location using a small spatula.

It is advisable to move the bushes with a small lump of earth, this way the root system will suffer less and the plant will more easily tolerate replanting.

Autumn preparation for winter

Autumn preparation involves the removal of everything that could prevent the bush from overwintering normally and bearing fruit with renewed vigor starting from the new season. This means removing any runners that have not taken root, as well as any damaged, reddened or weak leaves.

In addition, in harsh winters, any strawberries must be covered. It is better to choose a material whose density is about 60 grams per square meter. Agrofibre, spunbond or any other material is suitable for these purposes.

Mulch, pine needles, leaves or grass are also used to cover strawberries. Although this method appears to be more economical than purchasing fiber, there are a number of disadvantages to using it. In this case, mice may appear in the shelter, which are enemies of strawberries. They damage shoots and dig tunnels.

When covering a strawberry plantation, it is better to opt for special covering materials or thick plastic film.

Varieties of remontant strawberries

There are several dozen varieties of remontant strawberries. Only a few of them will be described below.

Autumn fun

This variety was popular back in Soviet time, he was one of the first to be included in the Soviet selection of DSD. Bush of this variety Bears fruit twice a season if properly cared for. The berries are small in size, their weight most often does not exceed 20 g. The taste of the berries is quite sweet; the fruits of this variety of strawberries are used to create all kinds of desserts. The pulp of this species is quite dense, so they are often used for freezing.

This variety is propagated with the help of mustaches, of which the bush produces a lot during the season. The variety is also resistant to attacks by fungal infections and strawberry mites.

Russian size

This variety is distinguished by large fruits. Moreover, it is frost-resistant and therefore suitable for growing in more northern regions. The berries are very juicy, the plants are resistant to diseases.

Galya Chiv

Quite new hybrid variety, bred in Italy, which is characterized by high performance. The average weight of one berry is about 45 g. The color of the berries is bright red, in addition, they are distinguished by their high sugar content.

Vima Rina

This Dutch variety, it lays fruit buds during neutral daylight hours. Vima Rina practically does not produce antennae, so it is propagated in other ways. This variety bears fruit starting from the second half of June and continues until the first frost.

The color of Vima Rin's berries is deep red, darker than those of other varieties. The fruits are large, weighing up to 75 g. The taste of this strawberry is sweet and soft, and the density of the berries is low (they are not suitable for freezing).

Diamond

Diamond is an American variety. At the moment it is considered the best among all varieties of remontant strawberries.

Reproduce this type with the help of a mustache.

Selva

This variety is one of the best. Firstly, it is very highly productive, and secondly, it has excellent taste. Large fruits, reaching 50 g, are dark red in color, and have light flesh inside.

Queen Elizabeth 2

For Queen Elizabeth II, the weight of 1 berry can reach record figures of up to 110 grams. This is very frost-resistant variety, produces its first fruits quite early.

Novel

This hybrid variety has flowers Pink colour. This feature makes it easy to distinguish Roman from other types of remontant strawberries.

This variety can be grown in protected soil. At proper care it can bear fruit up to 10 months a year. The berries are not large - up to 25 grams.

Lyubasha

Lyubasha is unpretentious, frost-resistant, has small, dark red fruits. Most often it is used for vertical cultivation, since the berries are formed not only on bushes, but also on rosettes.

Diseases and pests

Among the main enemies of remontant strawberries are:

• spider mite;
• ants;
• mouse;
• gray rot.

To fight ants, you need to water the strawberries with water to which a little is added. vegetable oil or boric acid.

To combat spider mite it is necessary to achieve sufficient moisture in the land, since they reproduce well in a dry environment.

Mice need to be controlled with carboxylic acid. It is necessary to create a solution (25 grams of acid is used for 10 liters of water) and pour it into the holes.

To combat gray mold, it is necessary to regularly care for the garden bed. If there are damaged bushes or berries, they must be removed in a timely manner, and the berries must not be allowed to come into contact with the ground, as this is what causes the berries to spoil.

This article described the characteristics of the growth of remontant strawberries, and also covered in detail the issues of caring for them. One of the most important factors to obtain the desired result is right choice varieties. Before planting remontant strawberries, it is advisable to try several varieties and find the one whose taste is closest to the desired one.

Strawberries are a berry that can decorate any area. Even a novice gardener can successfully grow crops. However, to obtain large harvest you need to know and apply special methods of growing strawberries.

A number of strawberry varieties were developed in France. But despite this, these varieties can be successfully grown in Russia.

Growing strawberries in open ground is carried out in different terms, depending on the climatic and geographical conditions of the region where the crop grows. The plant takes root well and produces a rich harvest when temperature conditions 15°-25°. Due to this best time for landing:

• For the Moscow region and Middle Strip- at the beginning of spring. However, it is better to plant strawberries in open ground in late summer - early autumn.
• In the southern regions of the country, it is better to plant the plant in early autumn.
• In the northern territories, it is better to plant berries in late May - early July.

If you correctly determine the timing of planting and provide the crop with proper care, you can get excellent harvest and even start industrial cultivation strawberries

Video “Growing in open ground”

From the video you will learn how to grow berries in open ground.

Growing methods

How to grow strawberries in unprotected soil? Just like growing strawberries, “strawberry” agricultural technology provides several possible methods.

Growing strawberries in the country is usually done in the classic way. All other methods and methods of growing plants involve the use of special containers and changes in the shape of the landscape. Therefore, they often actively cultivate strawberries in greenhouses, on verandas or terraces. Ampel-type berries are often used as a component of landscape design.

The classic technology for growing strawberries consists of 2 methods:

• Single-line, which is characterized by a distance between rows of 0.6 meters, and between individuals - 0.15 meters. It is better to use this scheme in the case of autumn-spring planting.
• Two-line, which is more often used in the summer. Between rows it is worth maintaining 0.3 meters, and between individual individuals - 0.2. There will be more plants on the site than with the one-line method. Accordingly, harvest volumes will also increase.

Maintaining distance between rows of plants and individuals is a method of preventing diseases.

There are also non-standard growing methods. They are intended for industrial cultivation of berries, because today this is a very profitable business. After all classic methods plantings require large areas, and non-standard ones save space. Thus, the profitability of growing strawberries in any form, including in French, is achieved. The question of whether it is profitable to grow crops on an industrial scale will no longer arise.

Secrets to growing strawberries in large quantities:

All of the listed methods of growing crops are also the answer to the question, how to grow strawberries?

Planting in open ground

How to grow strawberries in the country? Strawberries, like wild strawberries summer cottage will give a good harvest only if it grows in the “right” territory.

If you analyze the advice experienced gardeners and their experience in growing strawberries, we can conclude that the ideal “strawberry” and “strawberry” plot is well ventilated and sunny. It would be good if this area is located on the southwest side. Under these conditions, the berries of the plant will be especially sweet and juicy.

It is important to place the beds on a hill. During the ripening of the fruits of the crop, if the water begins to stagnate in the beds, the strawberries may be susceptible to fungal diseases. To avoid this outcome, it is advisable to drain the soil with pebbles or brick fragments.

How to grow strawberries correctly? It is worth planting berries in cloudy weather. In such conditions, it is much easier for the plant to adapt to new conditions. Weeds are first removed from the site.

After planting young individuals, they should be watered generously in an amount of about a liter per bush. In addition, the crop must be fed with tincture of manure or humus.

Growing and care

Before growing any berries, you need to open specialized sources and learn everything about growing strawberries.

5 secrets of growing strawberries and other berries include choosing a place for planting, correct feeding, systematic watering, mulching, preparing bushes for winter.

The crop needs to be fertilized several times a season. During the formation of buds, the plant is fed with potassium according to the instructions. A solution of boric acid has a positive effect on crop fertility. Mature plant needs nitroammophoska in early spring.

Strawberries are one of those berries that are found in almost every garden plot. It is tasty, aromatic and healthy, and adults and children really like it. Many people grow this berry, but how many manage to reap a good harvest? How to grow strawberries correctly? Today we will try to answer many questions that a gardener has when working with this crop.

Agricultural technology for growing strawberries in open ground

Variety selection

So, first, let’s figure out how to choose the variety we need so that it meets both the characteristics of the site where we plan to plant it and, of course, the requirements for productivity. When choosing a variety, we must first of all understand when we want to get this berry, since the main classification involves division according to the principle of early ripening. There are four main types of varieties: early, middle, mid-late and late. Of course, if yours allows you garden plot, you can plant each variety in a garden bed and enjoy this berry all season long. But, if the planting area is limited, then we choose the variety that suits us best according to all the criteria.

Early varieties

From early varieties The following are distinguished:
1. Maryshka- the taste is more similar to the taste of strawberries, easy to care for, the bushes are quite compact, high yield when grown under cover;
2. Roseanne- large berries, sweet and sour taste, medium-sized bushes, also grown under cover, resistant to diseases;
3. Clery- the berries are distinguished by their dark red color taste qualities, the bushes are tall, and the variety is also characterized by high transportability, which is ensured by the dense pulp of the berries.

Medium varieties

Medium varieties include:
1. Forget-me-not- the berries are large, bright red, sweet, high yield, have a powerful root system;
2. Modeline- large berries, sweet, the most important property of this variety is its adaptation to various types soils;
3. Carmen- large round berries with dark red pulp; the bushes will stand out very beautifully from the rest of the plantings due to the beautiful carved leaves.

Mid-late varieties

Average late varieties, this is first of all:
1. Chosen One- large berries of the first harvest, then medium-sized ones, bushes with large sheets, high yield, good transportability;
2. Webenil- pointed berries are red, bear fruit for a long time, and even the last harvests have an attractive appearance.

Late varieties

Main late varieties:
1. Moling Pandora- round juicy cherry-colored berries with a strawberry aroma; the main property of the variety is that it bears fruit the longest;
2. Chamora Turusi- large berries, high yield, love moisture, sparse planting is more suitable.

So, we have listed the main varieties of strawberries and their features. Every year, breeders develop new varieties. Therefore, you just have to make a choice and move on to the next step on the way to a bountiful harvest- soil preparation.

Soil preparation

First, let's decide on the period - it is better to plant new bushes in the middle of summer, namely in the last days of July. At the same time, do not forget that it is better to do this in cool weather, or in the evening, so that the new bushes take root and do not burn out in the sun. As for the soil, it is better to prepare it in advance, at least 1.5 months before planting.
We choose a flat area that is well lit by sunlight during the day. This is necessary for a high yield, as well as to prevent the occurrence of diseases on the leaves and roots. The soil should not be clayey or sandy, since such soil properties will be detrimental to the roots, in addition clay soil does not allow air to pass through and the plant suffers from excess moisture. It is best to cultivate the existing soil by adding humus, which will make the soil loose and, accordingly, provide access to air and moisture to the roots, but will prevent stagnation of water. Also, the soil should be moderately acidic. In order to achieve this, we apply appropriate fertilizer - for acidic - organic fertilizer, for alkaline - mineral. All weeds are removed from the planting area and dug up several times.
After the choice of variety has been made and the soil has been prepared, we proceed directly to planting.

Planting strawberries

How to plant strawberries correctly? To begin with, we prepare the seedlings themselves, purchased or pre-grown on the tendrils of mother bushes - it is best to choose those that are located closest to the bush. It is necessary to remove various insects from the roots using copper sulfate, straighten the roots. If you have chosen early or mid-early varieties, then you need to plant them fairly close to each other - no more than 15 cm, up to 60 cm is allowed between rows. If you have chosen later varieties, then we take a distance of at least 20 cm between the bushes , and then after the first fruiting, every second bush is dug up and replanted, thus achieving a distance of 40 cm between the bushes. It is believed that each bush can bear fruit for up to four years. But it is better to remove it after the third year to avoid harvesting small berries.

Strawberry care

In order to get the maximum yield from each bush, in addition to preparation and planting, caring for strawberries during growth, flowering and fruiting is of course also important.

Watering

As for watering, young bushes should not be watered at the root; this can wash away the soil and the root may not take root in the new place. It is better to use a sprayer or watering can with a nozzle for fine-drip irrigation for these purposes. You need to water abundantly until small puddles appear on the surface at intervals of 3-4 days. After the roots have strengthened, you can water less often - once a week, depending on the weather, but do not allow cracks to appear on the ground.

Fertilizing strawberries

Next, when you already receive the first harvest of berries, you need to fertilize the soil, since all the useful elements that we added before planting were used for fruiting. Ammonia fertilizers and superphosphate are well suited for this. Moreover, this must be done before mid-August, but if the bush has not yet bear fruit, then we will postpone this procedure until spring. This is important, since fertilizing stimulates plant growth, which in the future can lead to freezing of the bushes in winter.

There is no need to add soil to the roots of the bushes; on the contrary, this can worsen the condition of the plants, since access to oxygen will be blocked.

Treatment and prevention of strawberry diseases

Let us highlight the main problems and outline ways to solve them:

The appearance of spots on the leaves- brown or white. This interferes with the normal growth and development of plants, the berries become smaller or are completely absent.
Control measures
The problem is solved by spraying the bushes with a soap solution. Processed as the problem arises. It is recommended to carry out this procedure for all bushes in early spring and late autumn for preventive purposes;

Powdery mildew- the most dangerous problem that can arise. First, the leaves curl and become Brown color, then the stem is affected. The berries become covered with plaque, rot, and smell like mushrooms.
Control measures
The problem is solved with the help of a sulfonamide solution, it is sold in stores, the dosage is indicated on the package;

Gray rot. This is also a problem familiar to all summer residents. The berries become covered with a gray coating; the problem is a fungal disease.
Control measures
To eliminate it, it is necessary to remove all affected berries so that the disease does not develop. Before flowering, the bushes are treated with copper sulfate;

Strawberry mite. The mite feeds on young plant leaves. On initial stages the leaf becomes covered with black dots and then turns completely black.
Control measures
To eliminate the problem, you need to spray with karbofos diluted in warm water.