Recently released modern models Vacuum cleaners are increasingly equipped with HEPA filters. Such devices deal with particles that can only be seen with a microscope.

History of creation

Highly efficient particle retention - this is how the abbreviation HEPA is translated from English. The design and material of these filters allow them to be classified as devices fine cleaning.

They were developed in the last century, in the forties, when the project was created. The purpose of these filters was to remove radioactive impurities. Over time, the scope of application of cleaning devices has expanded significantly. They began to be used in mechanical engineering and in medical institutions, pharmaceutical and Food Industry, as well as in household appliances.

What is a HEPA filter? This highly effective particle retention device is made from fine cellulose fiber. When a vacuum cleaner operates, dust settles on a network formed of tiny pores. At the same time, even the smallest particles measuring 0.3 microns are retained.

The HEPA filter is manufactured using a special technology. Its main principle is pressing layers of cellulose and laying them out in the form of an accordion. This allows you to significantly increase the filter surface area. The cellulose accordion is fixed using a reinforcing grid.

The HEPA filter can be disposable. In this case, glass fiber is added to the cellulose during its manufacture. A reusable HEPA filter is made from fluoroplastic fibers.

Purpose

Filters for very fine cleaning are used when cleaning a room with a vacuum cleaner. They eliminate microorganisms and allergens. Even the smallest particles are captured very effectively. This process is possible using the following HEPA filter mechanisms:

The effect of particles catching on microfibers;
- the effect of inertia, which is expressed for large particles;
- the diffusion effect, which is most pronounced at low air flow rates.

Can the HEPA filter be washed?

There are times when, when vacuuming, quite bad smell dust. This may mean that the filter has exhausted its service life and has ceased to capture the particles for which it was designed. In order to correct the situation, you should replace the cellulose accordion with a new one. You can simply wash it. However, this procedure is only possible if the filter is of a waterproof type. Replacement periods and cleaning conditions are indicated in the instructions for the vacuum cleaner.

Modern Samsung vacuum cleaners do not have dust collection bags. Most of the debris and dirt are deposited in a special plastic container. In addition, the vacuum cleaner is equipped with two filters. One of them cleans the air as it is sucked in, and the other cleans the air as it exits the vacuum cleaner. This is a HEPA output filter for Samsung type H 11. It is waterproof. If dirty, rinse under running water warm water at least two or three times during the year.

Since the release of the very first vacuum cleaner, manufacturers have been constantly fighting for the cleanliness of the exhaust from this unit. The first models of vacuum cleaners, sucking up dust and debris on one side, safely released half of the dust particles on the other. In fairness, it should be noted that some modern vacuum cleaners have the same feature as their great-grandfathers. However, vacuum cleaners with a well-designed filtration system are considered safer for human health. Let's try to figure this out in detail to see if this is actually true. Today, the number of filtration stages in dry vacuum cleaners can reach 8-9. The last barrier to dust is fine filters. HEPA. Today they are the main elements in the filtration system of modern vacuum cleaners, ensuring clean cleaning of the room.

What is a HEPA filter

The abbreviation HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Absorption. In Russian, a filter for highly effective retention of dust particles. HEPA filters keep tiny dust particles from being released back into the room atmosphere. It is these microparticles that, according to manufacturers, may contain allergenic and pathogenic microorganisms, such as dust mites, animal dander, spores and fungal pollen, etc. For people with asthma or those prone to allergies, vacuum cleaners with filters are simply contraindicated and serve only to maintain the visible (to the human eye) cleanliness of the atmosphere in the house. A healthy person will also not benefit from inhaling polluted air, so everyone needs to get rid of dust in the house accessible ways. And do not forget that in this noble cause it is worth observing A complex approach(timely replacement of all filters and washing of the vacuum cleaner itself).

So, what is a HEPA filter, and is it really capable of effectively trapping dust microparticles? The design of the filter is quite simple - it is an accordion-folded material. This simple design increases the filter surface area. As a result, without reducing air permeability, the service life of the filter is extended. There are two types of material from which filters are made.

1. Paper or fiberglass. These are so-called disposable HEPA filters, which have a certain, limited service life. Such filters are mainly used in inexpensive models of vacuum cleaners and will not allow dust particles up to 0.3 microns in size to pass through.
2. Fluoroplastic. As the manufacturers themselves characterize fluoroplastic filters, reusable membranes can be washed with regular running water. It is stated that these filters last longer than paper ones due to the properties of the polymer material. They are capable of trapping dust up to 0.04-0.06 microns in size. But in practice, many users, having washed the filter once under water, many encountered fungus, mold and an unpleasant odor from the vacuum cleaner, which in turn makes them think.

There are certain international standards by which the effectiveness of HEPA filters is assessed. According to accepted international standards, filters are classified according to the degree of filtration, that is, what percentage of microparticles they are able to retain. Classes 10 to 14 claim retention rates of 85% to 99.99%. Moreover, filters with the highest degree of purification are mainly used for industrial purposes. Conventional vacuum cleaners for home cleaning use class 11-13 filters.

How to choose the right HEPA filter, what characteristics it should have, and whether they correspond specifications what the manufacturers claim. Let's try to figure this out by looking at the range of vacuum cleaners from one of the most popular brands, Samsung.

HEPA 11 filter for Samsung

Samsung HEPA filter class 11 is used mainly in budget models of vacuum cleaners of this brand. All models of Samsung Assy grille-HEPA SC 6500 vacuum cleaners are equipped with a filter of this class. HEPA H11 protects air from pollution, retaining about 95% of harmful dust particles and microorganisms. The filter itself is placed in a rubber casing, which, being located in the vacuum cleaner, is closed on top by a plastic grille of the casing. As already mentioned, externally the HEPA 11 filter for Samsung is a dense material folded into an accordion. Vacuum cleaner models SC-65...66 mainly use washing filters, that is, according to the manufacturer’s logic, they should end their service together with the vacuum cleaner. However, in the instructions for some models, manufacturers did not consider it necessary to indicate the type of filter, and therefore, if you see a clearly stated recommendation for washing the filter, then this is HEPA made of fluoroplastic. The filter should be washed under high pressure water, preferably once a month, carefully cleaning each fold of the accordion. After this procedure, the filter must be thoroughly dried, otherwise you risk getting an unpleasant odor in the apartment. In addition, an undried filter may “bloom” and the air in your home will be additionally “enriched” with fungal mold spores.

When purchasing a vacuum cleaner, be sure to check with the seller whether the HEPA filter is reusable in order to know when to replace it. Washable filters, of course, have a longer service life than paper ones, but they should be changed at least once every six months. We advise you to immediately stock up on three to five sets of new filters - a recommendation from practice. And you shouldn’t trust everything that’s written on the package. It is better to change the filter in time.

If your home is inhabited by people prone to allergies or asthmatics, then a HEPA filter will not be enough to effective cleaning air. And even vice versa, it is contraindicated. And you should consider purchasing a separator filter of a higher class.

HEPA 12 for Samsung

According to the world classification, HEPA 12 filters trap dust microparticles with high efficiency. Which is a good indicator for everyday use. HEPA 12 from Samsung is installed in vacuum cleaners model range Samsung Assy Filter Outlet SC-65…66. Also, SC-88 series vacuum cleaners are equipped with a HEPA 12 Silver+ filter. In addition to retaining dust particles for air to escape, this type of filter, as stated by the manufacturer, has additional protection against the growth of bacteria on its surface. The filter material processed according to Silver technology will prevent the formation of dirt and protect against unpleasant odors. The undoubted advantage of these filters is a higher degree of purification.

When buying a vacuum cleaner, the first thing a buyer usually pays attention to is its power. However, the class and type of filter must also be carefully studied. Keep in mind that neglecting to care for the filter will cause the vacuum cleaner to weaken. If washing does not improve the situation, then all that remains is to buy a new HEPA filter for your Samsung vacuum cleaner (or another), and you will immediately breathe a second life into it. And in order to restore the former suction power, you also go to the store for a new filter.

HEPA 13 filter for Samsung

Belonging to one of the highest filtration classes, HEPA 13 for Samsung, according to the manufacturer’s specifications, is capable of trapping the smallest dust particles, that is, almost all harmful microparticles. Accordingly, a filter of this class is the most the best option. And in general, breathing well-purified air will be much easier not only for patients, but also for ordinary people. healthy people. The effect of using a Samsung vacuum cleaner with a HEPA H13 filter in a room that was previously cleaned with a unit with a low-level air purification filter is especially noticeable.

Samsung DJ97 vacuum cleaners are equipped with HEPA 13. This filter is suitable for the entire SC88 range. Also, if you want to change a lower class filter to HEPA 13 in another vacuum cleaner model, for example, SC65, this can be easily done, since these filters are completely interchangeable.

HEPA filters are used not only in conventional vacuum cleaners with standard dust collectors, but also in those that use water as a dust collector. Samsung Aquatic vacuum cleaners with an aquafilter in the SD94 line contain HEPA 13 exhaust filters, which must be updated periodically.

Filter care and replacement

In order for your vacuum cleaner to cope with its duties of cleaning rooms from dust and dirt, you must follow simple rules for caring for the filter.

• Don't forget to rinse and dry the washable HEPA filter well, otherwise your vacuum cleaner will significantly lose suction power, and a wet filter will become an excellent breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. In addition, when working, the vacuum cleaner will emit a disgusting smell, which will spoil the entire effect of cleanliness in the rooms;
• the filter should be cleaned or replaced as soon as you notice an unpleasant odor or loss of suction power when using the vacuum cleaner;
• if you have a disposable paper filter, then change it according to the manufacturer’s recommendations specified in the instructions for the vacuum cleaner;
• The washable HEPA filter is also subject to timely mandatory replacement, despite the fact that, in theory, manufacturers promise an almost “limitless” service life. The fluoroplastic filter should be changed at least once every six months. The frequency of filter changes directly depends on the quantity square meters which you will clean, as well as the intensity of use of the vacuum cleaner;
• To avoid buying a filter that is not suitable for your vacuum cleaner, take an old filter with you to the store to select the correct model. Although competent sales consultants in stores household appliances they will definitely tell you which HEPA filter is right for your vacuum cleaner just by the name of its model;
• remember, the higher the filter class, the better the room will be cleaned. If you have animals, children, people with asthma and allergies in your home, then it is better to think about a separator cleaning system.

Secrets of HEPA manufacturers

Disposable HEPA filters are made of thick paper. Here we can be absolutely sure that washing such filters is a useless and thankless task, which the HEPA manufacturers immediately honestly warned us about. The properties of paper to soak and swell from moisture make the filter completely unsuitable for use after washing. Loss of strength and deformation after drying completely destroys the ability of HEPA to filter, due to the special properties of cellulose fibers. It is generally unrealistic to dry a paper filter properly, so replacing it with a new one will be the only way out of this situation.

The second type of filter is made of fluoroplastic, a polymer material. This HEPA filter is characterized by manufacturers as washable and intended for reusable use. However polymer materials are not wetted and do not dissolve in water. Consequently, many types of greasy dust, construction dust microparticles, tobacco tar, etc. They simply won’t be washed off the filter, but will remain on it. From this we can draw a simple conclusion that this type of filter also cannot be considered reusable, much less eternal. Yes, the material from which it is made does not deform, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to thoroughly wash off the remaining dust deposits from it.

To summarize, we can draw the following conclusions. HEPA filters are only very effective when they first start working. The longer and more intensively you use your vacuum cleaner, the more often the filter will need to be cleaned or replaced. The dust that will accumulate on the filters will create an ideal environment for the proliferation of various microbes and bacteria. Particles with a size of less than 0.3 microns will not be retained by a paper HEPA filter, and these are various viruses, kitchen soot, dust mites and other allergens. On the other hand, vacuum cleaners with a HEPA filter definitely have big row advantages over cheap vacuum cleaners without a filtration system.

How to choose a HEPA filter

When choosing a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter, pay attention to the classification of the filter; it should be an equally important factor when purchasing a vacuum cleaner. Also keep in mind that the larger the filter area, the longer it will last you, capturing more micro-dust particles. Carefully ensure that all the folds of the filter accordion are evenly distributed over its entire surface and are not pressed too tightly against each other. Densely and tightly packed folds will interfere with the passage of air through the HEPA filter.

Modern vacuum cleaners are equipped with a multi-level filtration system. This greatly improves the quality of the tidy. For fine air purification, a HEPA filter is used; it stands at the last line between dust and environment. This is an effective element. The abbreviation HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Absorption, which English language means "highly effective dust retention". Manufacturers of modern high-quality vacuum cleaners use technologies that provide different air filtration systems. This article describes the principle of operation of a HEPA filter, its main purpose, types and instructions for proper use.

First of all, you need to understand the types. The Nera filter for a vacuum cleaner can be disposable - based on paper with an admixture of fiberglass, and reusable when it is possible to wash with water (made from fluoroplastic fibers).

Capabilities of hepa filters

A high-quality vacuum cleaner should have such a cleaning system. To create the least resistance to air flow, the device must have the largest filtered area at its disposal. To achieve this result, it is made from a material that can be folded like an accordion and glued into the largest frame.

The small-sized Nera filter has a small cleaning area and quickly becomes clogged with debris, as a result of which it interferes with the air flow, and this reduces the suction power of the vacuum cleaner, which leads to its overheating.

What does a HEPA filter eliminate?

It is used to purify the air from small particles, the size of which is 0.1-1.0 microns. Microfibers trap such particles using certain mechanisms:

• Interception effect. Particles of any size passing near the microfibers cling to them and remain on the filter or are held by particles already attached to the filter.
• Inertial effect (impact). Retention of large particles that have high inertia and move with air flow until they come into contact with the barrier.
• Diffusion effect. Air filtration from the smallest particles, the size of which is 0.01-0.1 microns. They constantly bump into air molecules, because of this they begin to move chaotically to the sides of the air flow line. Such curvilinear motion maneuvers increase the likelihood of the particle stopping due to the mechanisms described above.

This effect is dominant when operating at low speed and low air flow, clear example This technique is an air purifier with a Nera filter.

Division into classes

The Nera filter for the vacuum cleaner produces fine cleaning. The effectiveness of fine filters is determined by tests in the laboratory based on the percentage of microparticles stopped. To carry out tests in laboratory conditions They use aerosols that contain synthetic microparticles measuring 0.3 microns. Fine filters are divided into classes according to EN 1822/DIN 24183:

• HEPA 14 - 0.3 micron particle, 99.995% delay;
• HEPA 13 - 0.3 micron particle, 99.95% delay;
• HEPA 12 - 0.3 micron particle, 99.5% delay;
• HEPA 11 - particle 0.3 microns, delay by 95%;
• HEPA 10 - 0.3 micron particle, 85% delay.

Purpose of a HEPA filter

It consists in the fact that it cleans the air of dust. This filter is different from the usual one because it is placed instead of a barrier at the exit of the air flow from the vacuum cleaner, and not at its inlet. Thus, this system is the last point of air purification from the smallest dust particles. It can be different types allergens, insects, pet hair and other small elements.

Using a HEPA filter, you can almost completely remove the dust that flies everywhere during the cleaning process. In some cases, such cleaning is simply necessary. For example, a fine filtration system is required in rooms where there are people suffering from allergic diseases.

What is harmful to a HEPA filter?

The service life of any device is affected by correct operation. The air filter best captures particles from 0.1 to 1.0 microns; it will not be able to catch smaller ones. Larger debris can adversely affect the performance of both the filter itself and the vacuum cleaner. The retained small particles constantly knock down larger ones, and this reduces the filtration efficiency. Large debris clogs the channels very quickly, which increases resistance to air flow. This can lead to overheating of the vacuum cleaner motor and damage. Therefore, particles that are not suitable for fine filters according to calculations, namely more than 1.0 microns, should not enter the device. As a rule, consumers do not have to think about this issue, since to prevent this from happening, modern vacuum cleaners have a multi-level air purification system.

Scope of application

For the first time, HEPA filters began to be used in the West for quality cleaning medical institutions. Afterwards they began to be used in modern household appliances, where they are still used today. Purifiers with a HEPA filter use:

• in pharmaceutical and medical institutions;
• in the electronics manufacturing industry, where equipment rooms need to be cleaned;
• for air filtration in hotels and inns;
• in the aerospace industry and mechanical engineering;
• at food enterprises;
• for cleaning radioactive aerosols at nuclear power plants;
• and, naturally, in household vacuum cleaners.

HEPA filter service life

The new HEPA filter is capable of capturing microparticles (from n10 to n14), but only until they stick to the filter fibers. Long-term operation depends on the area of ​​the room being cleaned, the frequency of use of the device, and the size of the cleaning device. So what will the job be like if there are dust particles stuck to all the places on the filter fibers?

Subsequently, particles of debris entering the filter cling to each other and stick together. This process continues until the adhering particles reach a critical mass. Then these lumps break away from the filter fibers and, flying away, collide with other accumulated dust particles, tearing them off. This action resembles an avalanche. Based on the results of operation, a filter that works longer than the period suggested by the manufacturer retains dust much worse than the manufacturer indicated. It begins to poorly retain particles passing with the air flow. If you vacuum with a clogged HEPA filter, strong smell dust.

To fix this problem, you first need to try to clean the dirty accessory, wash it under running water (in the case of reusable models) or replace it with a new one. The service life is always indicated in the instructions for the vacuum cleaner.

How to make the right filter choice?

Modern vacuum cleaners, which are sold in all household appliance stores, have a high degree of cleaning not only of surfaces, but also of air. But there are also vacuum cleaners in which a HEPA filter is built in as an option - there is a place for it, but you need to purchase and install it yourself.

But, unfortunately, there are a huge number of inexpensive models whose filtration system is quite primitive. If you want to purchase a vacuum cleaner without a Nera filter, it is better to think about your decision several times. Because when cleaning your home with such equipment, it is impossible to be sure of the cleanliness of the surrounding air.

When choosing a device such as a vacuum cleaner with a Nera filter, reviews from those who already use it should be the starting point. They can be found online on forums and in comments in online stores. After all, this is the most truthful information about the device. You can also make a successful purchase if you know the basic selection criteria that must be met. important element vacuum cleaner - Nera filter:

• The number of dust particles it collects and its service life depend on the area and size of the accessory.
• The folds on the surface of a mandatory attribute of a vacuum cleaner must be evenly spaced at a certain distance from each other.
• The high purification class Nera filter type is distinguished by plastic protection because it is made from very fragile materials.
• The surface of the high-quality filter must be treated with a special chemical solution to better clean the air from microorganisms.

The consumer must understand that the presence of a HEPA filter in a vacuum cleaner is not a luxury or something out of fashion - it is created to preserve the health of the family it serves.

Cleaning the HEPA filter

Proper care can extend the life of the device several times. Often, people whose vacuum cleaners have a disposable HEPA filter clean it by blowing compressed air in the opposite direction. This cleaning method can remove 80% of clogs, this only applies to particles larger than 1.0 microns. Because they are what cause the HEPA filter to clog, and eliminating them restores throughput air up to 80%, thereby reducing resistance to air flow.

Also, compressed air can remove about 30% of particles with a size of 0.1-1.0 microns, which do not adhere well. The rest of the debris cannot be removed because it is held very tightly by the fibers of the HEPA filter. As a result of such cleaning, it turns out that the air passage resistance is restored by 80%, but the rated filtration efficiency is not restored even by half. It is worth remembering that after several procedures of blowing with compressed air, the HEPA filter will no longer be restored at all.

The above method also applies to washing waterproof filters. The difference in the procedures is that a reusable HEPA filter is easier to clean at home. The main thing is to dry it thoroughly after contact with water. Any purifier with a Nera filter requires timely maintenance. This is the main way to extend the life of the device.

Conditions for the effective operation of a HEPA filter

Before starting work, you must carefully read the instructions for use. An air purifier with a Nera filter is protected from large debris, this also applies to vacuum cleaners.

And when particles larger than 1.0 microns enter, the pores of the material become clogged. A sharp increase in the resistance of a clogged filter will lead to a decrease in the suction capacity of the vacuum cleaner.

Therefore, a coarse filter must be installed in the vacuum cleaner, for example, a garbage bag, because it is the one that is capable of trapping debris larger than 1.0 microns. The fact that the pre-filter will also retain other types of blockages will also have a positive effect on performance. Then the HEPA filter over a long period of operation will meet the passport properties declared by the manufacturer, and its cleaning and complete replacement can be avoided. Buying a new filter is not always easy. Many models of vacuum cleaners are no longer produced, and accordingly, the manufacturer stops the manufacturing process of their components.

Types of pre-filters

There are several of them:

• multilayer synthetic bag;
• fabric bag;
• paper bag.

A bad combination would be a Nera and AQUA air filter. This is explained simply. With water, many dust particles, including large ones, reach the HEPA filter, which negatively affect its performance. Fungus also develops well in a humid environment. Therefore, if the vacuum cleaner has a combination of these two filters, after each cleaning all components of the device must be thoroughly dried.

Today it is very difficult to find such a home, at least in cities where the owners do not use a vacuum cleaner. We will not take into account the socially disadvantaged contingent. Vacuum cleaners are also used in enterprises, for example, hotels and even in factories. And throughout its existence, this type of household appliances has been improved. Vacuum cleaners have appeared for different types cleaning (for dry and wet), vacuum cleaners that clean surfaces with steam and even robotic vacuum cleaners. Their power and productivity increased. But in addition to caring about high-quality cleaning of surfaces, manufacturers began to worry about the quality of the blown air.

In older models of vacuum cleaners, the exhaust air often contained a fairly large amount of dust, which swirled around the room and then settled back into place. To prevent this effect, they began to use a filtration system for the exhaust air. As always, she suggested a solution to the problem defense industry. Fine air purification filters - hepa filters - have migrated into everyday life from American nuclear industry enterprises.

What is a HEPA exit filter?

The HEPA outlet filter is made of fibrous materials, the fibers of which have a diameter of 0.5-2 micrometers. As a rule, cellulose with the addition of fiberglass (essentially modified paper) or a material such as fluoroplastic is used as a raw material in production.

Thanks to the fibrous structure and special arrangement of the fibers, the smallest particles of dust that pass through the dust collector of the vacuum cleaner get stuck in the exhaust air filters. Depending on the size of the particles retained, the filters are assigned a digital index indicating the filter class. The lowest class has a HEPA 10 filter. The highest is 14; in any case, if there are filters of a higher class, they are not used in everyday life.

Depending on the class, the ability of filters to retain a certain number of particles (in percentage) is determined. For example, the “ten” is capable of retaining up to 85% of dust particles that are in the exhaust air. Well, number 14, according to manufacturers, traps 99.999995% of dust particles passing through it. The most common HEPA filters in everyday life are h12 and 13.

To make such a filter compact enough to fit into a vacuum cleaner, but at the same time provide sufficient surface area, it is made in the shape of an accordion.

Do we need a HEPA filter?

A thoughtful person will undoubtedly ask the question: why insert a HEPA filter into a vacuum cleaner if the manufacturers of these household appliances convince of the reliability and efficiency of the main dust collector (bag, container, etc.)?

The fact is that manufacturers guarantee powerful suction and removal of even the finest dust from any surface, however, microscopic particles for the most part still end up in the exhaust air streams. HEPA system filters are designed to capture exactly these. This is especially true in such cases:

• While cleaning houses whose owners smoke tobacco. Also, a vacuum cleaner with such a filter will be effective in hotels, restaurants, and offices where people do not smoke in designated areas. In addition, using the output filter of this system can give good results when cleaning smoking areas. After all, hoods remove only those particles of tobacco smoke (and any smoke consists of solid microparticles) that are in the air. However, many of these particles, as well as droplets of resins, settle on the floor and walls. So they can be removed using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA h13 filter
• During cleaning of premises where renovations were carried out. After all, during overhaul Fine dust accumulates on surfaces and in the air, and some chemical compounds contained in paints, adhesives, and so on settle. All these chemicals, especially cheap ones, can have a very negative impact on the health of the inhabitants of the premises, animals and even neighbors
• House dust, which contains a huge amount of organic matter (keratinized skin particles, hair flakes, etc.), is home to many living organisms. For example, dust mites. By themselves, they do not pose a threat to humans, but the products of their vital activity can lead to the emergence or intensification of various diseases. It is these products that the exhaust air filter tries to filter out. HEPA

As you can see, there are benefits from the filters of this system. At least theoretically. However, like any other technology, HEPA filters require proper operation and, of course, compliance with certain conditions at the time of purchase.

How to use HEPA filters correctly

• HEPA filters made from paper (cellulose) are disposable. That is, after their service life expires, they should be thrown away rather than trying to clean or even wash them. Washing paper filters leads to their deterioration, reduced filtering properties and contributes to the appearance of mold on them. The non-washable HEPA outlet filter can be cleaned by blowing air. However, such cleaning is ineffective. The fact is that many dust microparticles not only linger between the fibers of the filter fabric, but cling to them and can even partially or completely penetrate into the fiber itself. In addition, particles located deep in the filter fabric are not blown out at all. Air cleaning will be more effective the lower the filter class. For example, it makes some sense to clean a HEPA 11 filter in this way, but a class 13 filter is less amenable to purging.
• Only the washable filter can be washed. About whether it can be washedHEPA filter, as evidenced by a special mark on it. However, in this case, you must remember that washing should be done without using hard brushes and detergents. You can wash it with warm running water and dry it at room temperature or, as a last resort, a hairdryer. Again, remember to wash filters more than three to four times a year. After this, it is recommended to replace them

When buying a replacement HEPA filter, you need to pay attention to some points:

• Matching vacuum cleaner. It does not matter which company produced the filter fabric, as long as it meets the standards and has all the necessary certificates. But every manufacturer of household appliances makes sure that filters for their vacuum cleaners are purchased from them. So the Samsung HEPA filter will only fit vacuum cleaners of this brand. It's all about the size and design of the plastic frame in which the filter material is placed. As a last resort, you can purchase the fabric itself and cut an element from it suitable size and shapes
• As already mentioned, compliance with standards and norms. Ask the seller for a quality certificate
• The surface of the replacement filter must not be damaged in any way. In addition, as stated above, the filter material is pleated to increase the surface area. So these folds should be uniform and identical
• When purchasing, remember thatThe HEPA filter is washable, that is, reusable, but works somewhat worse than a regular filter
• The price of a filter depends little on its quality. The main role is played by the brand name and the pricing policy of the seller himself. Also, there will be a difference due to class. FilterHEPA 13 may cost more than HEPA filter h12.

What are the dangers of using HEPA filters?

No matter how paradoxical it may sound, HEPA filters can be dangerous to humans. The problem is that the cost of filter elements is unreasonably inflated by manufacturers and sellers. Consumers from our country feel this especially strongly. In this regard, people who bought a vacuum cleaner with an exhaust air filter subsequently try to save money and violate the norm and terms of operation. They forget that cleaning the hepa filter only partially solves the problem. And improper washing leads to the fact that particles of organic origin stuck inside the fabric allow dangerous mold fungi to develop on the filter fibers.

During reproduction, mushrooms release a huge amount of spores into the surrounding space. Collected by the air flow, the spores quickly spread throughout the room and find a new substrate for settlement. And very often such a substrate ends up inside the person himself. The danger of mold fungi is that they contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer and all kinds of allergies.

And if a vacuum cleaner with such a filter is rarely used, then the danger increases several times. After all, the surface on which the fungi began to multiply is not exposed to any influence.

As you can see, in many cases, using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter has a negative and dangerous effect. After all, people are prone to risk for the sake of saving, which is confirmed by numerous facts, and therefore they carelessly neglect the timely replacement of filter elements.

In addition, the presence of a filter “robs the vacuum cleaner” by significantly reducing its suction power. As a result, it is impossible to perform high-quality wet cleaning with such a unit because it practically does not pull and the surface remains wet and dirty!

Therefore, when choosing which vacuum cleaner to buy for your home, you should think about whether you can properly maintain it. And if it will be difficult for you to buy a new HEPA filter in the future for one reason or another, then it is better to buy a vacuum cleaner that is more suitable for you. Remember that the desire to purchase an ultra-modern vacuum cleaner with a fashionable HEPA filter, the price of which is already quite high, may over time result in even greater expenses for restoring the health of you, your loved ones, and, worst of all, your children. The best means for removing dust and dirt has been and remains high-quality and timely wet cleaning.

For those who have decided to purchase similar vacuum cleaners and have the means for their timely maintenance, we can say that HEPA 12 is a filter that differs little in household use from a 13th class filter. Therefore, you should not overpay money for a dubious effect. Filters of the highest purity classes are intended for use, for example, in laboratories or in electronics production. And apply them in ordinary apartment– it’s like using a nuclear bomb against cockroaches. Therefore, pay attention to filterless, for example, separator models, and you will be happy!

Recently, more and more vacuum cleaner models have a HEPA filter in their design. In this article we will try to explain: the principle of operation of HEPA filters, their main purpose, types and how to properly operate HEPA filters. The table below shows what kind of microparticles a HEPA filter has to deal with. Many of these particles can only be seen with a microscope.

What's happenedHEPA- filter?
Translated from English abbreviation HEPA (H igh E fficiency P articulate A ir
or H igh E fficiency P articulate A bsorbing means "highly effective particle retention". HEPA filters are fine filters. The effectiveness of fine filters is determined in laboratory tests by the percentage of retained microparticles. These laboratory tests use an aerosol made from a mixture of synthetic microparticles measuring about 0.3 microns (0.1 to 0.5 microns). According to EN 1822 / DIN 24183 standards, HEPA filters are divided into classes:
HEPA 10 - retains up to 85% of particles measuring about 0.3 microns.
HEPA 11 - retains up to 95% of particles measuring about 0.3 microns.
HEPA 12 - retains up to 99.5% of particles measuring about 0.3 microns.
HEPA 13 - retains up to 99.95% of particles measuring about 0.3 microns.
HEPA 14 - retains up to 99.995% of particles measuring about 0.3 microns.

What does a HEPA filter look like??
Depending on the material from which HEPA filters are made, they can be disposable - made from paper (cellulose) with the addition of glass fibers, or reusable (they can be washed) - made from fluoroplastic fibers.

In order for the HEPA filter to create the least possible resistance to air flow, the HEPA filter must have as large a filter area as possible. To do this, it is made of folded filter material (in the form of an accordion), glued into a frame as large as possible.
HEPA filters small size They do not have a large filter area. Therefore, such HEPA filters quickly become clogged and greatly interfere with the air flow, which leads to a decrease in the suction power of the vacuum cleaner and overheating of the electric motor.

What and how does a HEPA filter capture??
HEPA filters are designed to filter small particles ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns. It is particles of this size that are most effectively captured by HEPA filters. These particles are captured by microfibers through the following mechanisms:

1. Clutch effect (interception). All particles, from the smallest to the largest, that pass in close proximity to the microfibers are hooked onto these microfibers and stick to them or hook onto other particles already stuck to the fiber.
2. Inertia effect (impact) . Explicitly expressed for large particles. Due to their large inertia, large-diameter particles are not able to bend around the fibers, following a curved path in the air flow. Therefore, they continue to move in a straight line until they directly collide with an obstacle.
3. Diffusion effect (diffusion) . The smallest particles of contaminants, with a diameter of 0.01 microns to 0.1 microns, constantly collide with air molecules, causing such particles to begin to move away from the air flow lines at distances exceeding their diameter. This curvilinear motion increases the likelihood that the particle will finally stop under the influence of one of the above mechanisms. This diffusion effect is dominant at low air flow rates (for example, in air purifiers) and is weakly manifested in HEPA filters of vacuum cleaners, where air flow rates are high.

What particles are harmful to the HEPA filter??
Particles ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns are most effectively captured by HEPA filters. HEPA filters cannot capture smaller particles. And larger particles have a very negative effect on the performance of HEPA filters. Particles larger than 1.0 microns constantly dislodge already retained small particles from their places, which leads to a significant decrease in the percentage of filtration efficiency. In addition, large particles quickly clog all the pores and air channels formed by the microfibers of the HEPA filter. This leads to an increase in the filter's resistance to air flow. A HEPA filter clogged with large particles greatly interferes with the passage of air through the vacuum cleaner, which is why the suction power of the vacuum cleaner drops sharply and the electric motor overheats.
Therefore, dust particles larger than those for which the HEPA filter is designed, that is, larger than 1.0 microns in size, should not fall on the HEPA filter.

How long does a HEPA filter retain its performance??
The clean, new HEPA filter retains microparticles (from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns in size - for which it was created) in accordance with its class (H10, H11, H12, H13, H14) only as long as adhesion occurs microparticles onto the filter fibers. The duration of this process of normal/calculated operation of the HEPA filter depends on the amount of incoming dust and the area of ​​the HEPA filter. What happens if all the places on the filter fibers are already occupied?
Then the dust particles entering the filter begin to stick to each other, clinging to the dust particles that had previously adhered to the fibers... this process continues until the accumulation of particles stuck to each other reaches a critical mass. Then these accumulations of particles are torn off the HEPA filter fibers, hitting other accumulations of dust particles, tearing them off too... this process is avalanche-like in nature. As a result, a HEPA filter that operates longer than expected has a dust retention efficiency significantly lower than that declared by the manufacturer and ceases to properly capture the particles for which it was designed. When cleaning with a vacuum cleaner with such a HEPA filter, an unpleasant dusty smell begins to appear.
To avoid this, an expired HEPA filter must be replaced with a new one (or washed if it is waterproof). The timing of replacing the HEPA filter or cleaning it is indicated in the instructions for the vacuum cleaner.

Is it possible to clean a HEPA filter??
Some owners of vacuum cleaners with disposable HEPA filters blow out a clogged HEPA filter with compressed air (in the opposite direction). Blowing with compressed air can remove up to 80% of large particles (greater than 1.0 microns). Since it was these particles that led to the blockage of the HEPA filter, their removal can restore the ability of this filter to pass air by 80% (that is, reduce the resistance to air flow). Also, compressed air can remove up to 30% of poorly retained microparticles ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns. The remaining 70% of these particles are so tightly held by the HEPA filter fibers that they cannot be removed. Bottom line: blowing with compressed air will allow you to restore air resistance up to 80%, but it will not be possible to restore the certified filtration efficiency, even by half. In addition, after several such procedures, blowing with compressed air will not have any restorative effect on the HEPA filter at all.

All of the above also applies to washing waterproof, reusable HEPA filters. Only, unlike blowing with compressed air, cleaning waterproof HEPA filters at home is much easier.

How to create conditions for normal workHEPA- filter?
The HEPA filter perfectly captures particles ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns. But if there are a lot of these particles, then the HEPA filter fibers will very quickly accumulate the maximum amount of this dust and then the ability to retain these particles sharply decreases.
It is generally not desirable for particles larger than 1.0 microns to get onto the HEPA filter, since this will clog all the pores of the HEPA filter filter material. A sharp increase in the resistance of a clogged filter leads to a decrease in the suction power of the vacuum cleaner, overheating and breakdown of the electric motor.
Therefore, a vacuum cleaner must have a pre-filter in front of the HEPA filter. It is the main / pre-filter / dust collector that must capture all particles larger than 1.0 microns - which the HEPA filter does not like so much. And it is desirable that this pre-filter also retain as many particles as possible with sizes from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns - in this case, the HEPA filter will show its excellent passport characteristics for a long time, without requiring cleaning or replacement. There are several options for pre-filters/dust collectors, these are:
AQUA filter,
CYCLONE filter,
FABRIC bag,
PAPER bag,
SYNTHETIC multi-layer bag.

HEPA filter and AQUA filter are a good combination in a vacuum cleaner?
In the water bubbles, a fairly large amount of fine dust breaks through to the HEPA filter. And along with drops and splashes dirty water Large dirt particles also reach the HEPA filter. But more trouble is caused by the growth and reproduction of bacteria, mold and fungi on the HEPA filter. Wet and warm air, plus a large amount of dust of organic origin - an excellent environment for bacteria, mold and fungi to thrive. As a result, when a vacuum cleaner with an AQUA filter is used, the entire apartment is seeded with spores of these microorganisms.
Bottom line: The HEPA filter in vacuum cleaners with an AQUA filter must be regularly and often replaced with a new one. And since these HEPA filters are waterproof, their price may unpleasantly surprise you.

HEPA filter and CYCLONE filter - a good combination in a vacuum cleaner?
The cyclone filter, due to its design features and the laws of physics, allows a very large number of small particles, ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns, and large particles, larger than 1.0 microns, to pass through to the HEPA filter. This quickly clogs all the microfibers of the HEPA filter - as a result, the filtration efficiency decreases sharply, and an unpleasant smell of dust appears when cleaning with such a vacuum cleaner. Then the HEPA filter becomes clogged with large particles - which leads to a decrease in the suction power of the vacuum cleaner, overheating and breakdown of the electric motor (if the vacuum cleaner is not equipped with an overheating sensor).
Bottom line: The HEPA filter in vacuum cleaners with a CYCLONE filter must be regularly and very often replaced with a new one. Cleaning the HEPA filter does not completely restore its original properties, and after several such procedures, cleaning the HEPA filter will not have any effect at all. As a result CYCLONE vacuum cleaner“without consumables” turns into a vacuum cleaner “with very expensive and scarce consumables.”

HEPA filter and FABRIC bag - a good combination in a vacuum cleaner?
The FABRIC bag material is not capable of retaining particles smaller than 2.0 microns. Because of this, the filtration efficiency sharply decreases and an unpleasant smell of dust appears when cleaning with such a vacuum cleaner. Then the HEPA filter becomes clogged with large particles - which leads to a decrease in the suction power of the vacuum cleaner, overheating and breakdown of the electric motor (if the vacuum cleaner is not equipped with an overheating sensor).
Bottom line: Do not use a CLOTH bag if your vacuum cleaner has a HEPA filter. Or replace the HEPA filter with a simpler and cheaper MICRO filter.

HEPA filter and PAPER bag - a good combination in a vacuum cleaner?
A PAPER bag is undoubtedly better than a fabric bag, but PAPER bags often present unpleasant surprises in the form of unexpected tears from overload, moisture or cuts from debris... As a result, everything that has accumulated inside the paper bag ends up on the HEPA filter.
Bottom line: A HEPA filter and a PAPER bag is a good combination in a vacuum cleaner. But keep an eye on the condition of the paper bag and protect it from tearing.

HEPA filter and SYNTHETIC bag - a good combination in a vacuum cleaner?
SYNTHETIC multilayer bags are the next stage in the development of paper bags. SYNTHETIC bags are capable of perfectly capturing dust particles measuring 0.3 microns and larger. The dust collection efficiency of such bags is close to HEPA 10 filters. In addition to high filtration parameters, these bags are very durable, resistant to cuts by sharp debris (broken glass shards, nails, buttons...) and are not afraid of wet debris.
It is SYNTHETIC bags that are able to ensure normal/standard operation of the HEPA filter, protecting it from large quantity dust ranging in size from 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns and generally not allowing dust particles larger than 1.0 microns to reach the HEPA filter.
Result: A HEPA filter and a SYNTHETIC bag is the BEST combination of filters in a vacuum cleaner.
At the same time, the HEPA filter works for a long time and in accordance with its passport data.

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