H To move on to a more detailed consideration of lumber processing, you need to become familiar with the following terminology. These are elements of lumber.
The face of lumber is the longitudinal wide side.
Lumber edge- this is the longitudinal narrow side.
Lumber rib- this is the intersection of the edge and the face.
Lumber end is the end cross section.
According to processing, lumber is divided into edged, unedged, and one-sided edged. Edged lumber called lumber with four processed sides. Wane is allowed in acceptable sizes (wane is the surface of the log).
Unedged lumber is lumber with the side surface of the log instead of an edge. Single-edged lumber refers to lumber that has sawn faces and one edge. Wane is permissible within the limits of GOST. The degree of processing of lumber is also distinguished. They can be planed or unplaned.
In addition, depending on the location in the log, the lumber can be core, central, or side. According to the nature of processing, lumber is divided into unedged, edged and one-sided edged. Lumber that has the side surface of a log instead of edges is called unedged(Fig. 2 a); lumber in which all four sides are sawn, and the size of the wane (part of the surface of the log remaining on the lumber) does not exceed the permissible dimensions are called edged(Fig. 2 b). Single-sided sawn timber has sawn faces and one edge, and the dimensions of the wane on the sawn edge do not exceed the permissible limits. In the direction of the length of the board, there is a butt (wide) and apical (narrow) end. A wane that occupies part of the width of the edge is called blunt (Fig. 2 c), the entire width of the edge is called sharp (Fig. 2 d). According to the degree of processing, lumber is divided into unplaned and planed. Depending on the purpose, planed lumber has different shapes cross sections. Based on the location of the lumber in the log (in relation to the longitudinal axis), core, central and side boards are distinguished. Core lumber contains greatest number knots are susceptible to cracking. There is no such lumber premium. The central lumber cuts all annual layers and therefore more High Quality. The side boards are sawn between the core (or central) and the slab. They have a cleaner surface, are easier to plan, and are generally characterized by better quality.
All types of lumber belong to the group of sawn wood products, which have two flat surfaces, a certain quality and dimensions. Lumber is obtained by cutting logs crosswise and lengthwise.
All types of lumber products are usually divided into lumber itself, wooden blanks, and wooden parts. The differences between the groups are determined by the purposes for further use of the products.
From the beginning of the lumber formation processes, only 65% of the volume of processed wood reaches the final state. For this reason, lumber with any characteristics is an expensive raw material.
The components of lumber include:
- ribs;
- edge;
- plastic;
- ends.
To distinguish between different groups of lumber, several types of lumber classifications have been adopted depending on various parameters.
Classification by cross section
In this classification, the leading factor in classifying materials as one type or another is the cross-sectional shape. In accordance with this classification, the following are distinguished:
- bars;
- boards;
- bars;
- lagging;
- sleepers.
The bars have a thickness of up to 10 cm and a width of less than the thickness parameter multiplied by two. Bars are used in all branches of the construction segment and are the most popular lumber.
Boards
The boards have a width greater than the thickness multiplied by two. The range of board widths is 1.6-10 cm. Use this type lumber is used in the manufacture of flooring and furniture.
If the lumber has a width of more than 1 cm, then it is classified as beams. There are 2-, 3-, 4-edged beams depending on the number of sawn sides. Due to their ability to handle heavy loads, beams have become especially in demand in the construction of load-bearing structures in construction.
Lagging
Obapol is lumber that has only one sawn surface.
Sleepers
Sleepers include lumber-shaped lumber that is laid on railway rails.
Classification by type of processing
According to the type of processing, the classification of lumber distinguishes samples:
- edged;
- edged one-sided;
- unedged.
Edged are lumber sawn in all directions. They have excellent visual parameters and are used for finishing.
Unedged - materials with the side surface of the log itself in place of the edges. Bark on the edge deprives the lumber of its impeccable appearance. This type of lumber is used in areas where visual parameters are secondary.
Classification by processing quality
Based on the quality of processing, lumber is divided into planed and unplaned. Planed options are of higher quality and more expensive. They may have different shapes cross sections, which is determined by further purposes of use.
Classification by location of sawn products
Depending on the location of the sawn products in the log, boards are distinguished:
- lateral;
- central;
- core.
The highest quality samples, free from knots and flaws, are side boards. They are formed after cutting the area of the log between the central boards and the slab. A clean surface is the main feature of this type of lumber.
The central boards have a central cut along the axis of the core. They are considered to be of lower quality than the side options, but are not as prone to cracking.
Core boards are low-grade lumber with the following characteristics: an abundance of knots, metic and peel-type cracks, and a tendency to crack.
Classification by wood type
To select lumber for solving specific problems, the type of wood that became its source is taken into account. All species are divided into coniferous and deciduous.
- Coniferous lumber is used primarily for load-bearing structures and building frames. They are strong, durable, and can withstand loads and atmospheric changes well.
- Hardwoods are considered soft. They are usually used for finishing and manufacturing small parts construction structures. If such rocks are used for the construction of frames, then only in the case of temporary structures.
In the case of each tree species, its individual characteristics are taken into account. For example, maple is known for its resistance to moisture. It is used for objects located in areas with variable humidity.
Larch is not suitable for nail structures. Oak is known for its high strength, which is why it is used in objects with heavy loads. This breed has found application in carriage building, shipbuilding, and is also actively used in furniture production.
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Despite all the achievements technical progress and a whole series of progressive scientific discoveries, in our real life we often strive for the classical, traditional, natural. Let us remember that most people will give preference to farm food products, natural fabrics, and when it comes to housing, then wooden buildings will have an undeniable advantage. Yes, wooden houses in terms of durability they cannot be compared with stone houses, but if you look at the entire list of advantages and disadvantages of both types of buildings, it turns out that stone houses here they lose, and significantly. This article will be for those who have decided to bring a piece of nature, namely a tree, into their permanent “habitat”.
For most of you, it will not be news that wood is used in construction itself, that is, for the construction of load-bearing frames and even foundations, as well as in finishing works ah, both internal and external. In construction, wood is most often used in the form of beams (they, in turn, are also divided into subtypes), boards, which can be edged, unedged and planed. These are what we will talk about next.
Unedged boards are so called because the tree bark has not been removed from their surface, or only partially removed. Such boards may not have such an aesthetic appearance, but for rough work, appearance is not important. Another feature of this type of boards is that they may have unequal widths and unfinished edges.
Edged boards are, accordingly, boards from which the tree bark has been completely removed. These boards can be used, for example, for cladding walls outside or inside, for making floors, roofing and the like.
One of the most popular types of edged boards are the so-called planed boards
These are edged boards that are processed on a planing machine. Their main advantage is perfectly smooth edges without errors, unlike simple edged boards, all the corners of such boards are straight, and the board itself will not leave splinters in your palms.
It is clear that unedged boards will be the cheapest, edged boards will be more expensive, and planed boards will be the most expensive. Of course, some decide to buy edged boards and independently bring them to the quality of planed boards, but this is not at all as simple a point as it seems; it requires special knowledge. It turns out that sawing logs into boards can be done in several ways (let us introduce a few terms): radial, semi-radial and tangential. They all differ in the angle of inclination of the cutting line in relation to the annual rings of the tree. We will not go into technical details, but note the difference in the results.
When radially cut, the board has a high wear resistance, it is less susceptible to deformation during drying, but boards obtained by this method will cost more than others, because this type of cut involves a high consumption of raw materials.
Tangential cutting at the output produces boards that are inferior in properties to their “brothers” obtained by radial cutting, but in in this case material consumption is much less than with radial cutting.
The semi-radial cutting method is intermediate between the two mentioned above; it ensures that the resulting boards are of a quality similar to the first, and at a price similar to the second.
Now let's talk about the materials from which construction boards are made
Most often, boards are made from coniferous trees (larch, spruce, pine), less often - from deciduous trees. The choice of one material or another depends on what you are going to use the board for. For example, it is not recommended to use coniferous boards for interior decoration of those rooms in which the air is often heated to high temperature(for example, baths, saunas), since resin will be released from them.
In fact, when correct operation wood is very durable. By the way, larch is one of the most rot-resistant tree species. An incredible fact, but the famous Venice rises above the water, resting on beams made of Russian larch, which have not rotted or collapsed under water for several centuries.
When choosing building boards, the following parameters are taken into account: wear resistance (strength), moisture resistance, and deformation during drying.
What are the benefits of using wood in the construction or decoration of a house (apartment)? Firstly, it is an environmentally friendly material. If you choose the right material for the board, it will serve you for a long time. In many cases, additional treatment with antifungal compounds is basic reinsurance. Secondly, the use of wood in the interior is a classic. Pleasant to the eye, unique texture. Thirdly, the very smell of wood in the house creates an atmosphere of comfort and warmth.
Of course, in this article we did not set out to talk about building boards in all technical details. Now you know that they come in three types (try to remember which ones). Produced mainly from coniferous trees. The choice of material when producing a board depends on the purpose for which it will be used. Construction boards can be produced by several types of cuts, which differ in the quantity consumables, as well as the strength of the resulting boards.
We wish you completed repairs, beautiful interiors and original ideas!
For execution construction work Lumber of varying complexity is often in demand. However, this market is widely developed today and represents wide range products that are suitable for even the most difficult types of work. Bars and boards made from different breeds trees will come in handy if you want to build a house or gazebo. In this article we will tell you about the main types of lumber and their performance characteristics.
Board
Most often, this material has a length of about 200 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. It is used in a wide variety of applications, including making furniture and containers for goods and drinks. Interestingly, this lumber has many varieties depending on the scope of its use. This includes floorboards, oak, beech, edged and planed. As the name suggests, floorboards are used to lay the floor in country house. Interestingly, for better fastening, there are special grooves on their sides that guarantee better fastening. These boards are very durable and strong.
Planed boards are very smooth, so they are often purchased for the production of luxury furniture and windows. Edged boards are used for finishing work in the house. They are most often made from larch or coniferous trees. They are also used to make cabinet furniture in the mid-price range.
Beech board is made of valuable wood. They are distinguished by their beauty and durability, which is why tables and other furniture are often made from them. The same fate befell the oak boards. Unlike beech wood, they are also purchased for finishing and roofing work.
timber
If you don’t use terms that are difficult to understand, then a timber is a log that has been cut on four sides. Most often it is purchased by builders for construction 
oiki country houses. It is perfect for both the main supports of a building and is also used in the process of pouring the foundation. Sometimes boards are made from beams. Let us add that they are often used guided by the production technology used at the construction site, and their compliance with the glued subtype is also taken into account. For example, laminated veneer lumber will last much longer than regular timber. It is made by gluing against the grain direction. It is not surprising that such material is more stable and, accordingly, more expensive. Regular timber does not have such wear resistance.
Gorbyl
This is the name given to the waste that remains after processing one log. However, they are also sold and can be used usefully. Mainly separating them 
There are two types: business and wood. The first option is used in construction work to make a rough version of the floor, which will later be strengthened and covered with more elite and attractive materials. The second type of wood is used as fuel to light the stove. It is interesting that for some reason these types of wood are often confused with boards. But as you already understood, their differences are striking. There is also a subspecies of croaker called obapole, it is made from the side parts of logs and is used in roofing work, and they are also used to make formwork.
Bar
The bars are made from boards by sawing them lengthwise. The bars are then processed special equipment. Everything is divided according to the type of material: it is planed and 
calibrated bars. The latter is widely used in finishing works and construction, and the former is used in manufacturing different types furniture. However, the use of bars does not end there. They are widely used in the manufacture of containers, as well as various types of load-bearing structures.
Other types and uses of lumber
As we noted earlier, thanks to high-quality equipment we produce different kinds lumber. This article identifies the main and most popular of them. However, the entire list of products from this area does not end there. Remember that before ordering any materials, think carefully about the type of your work. Then you can choose the material in accordance with all the parameters.
In addition to the specified lumber, we produce lining, plywood, block houses, imitation timber and many other lumber that will be appropriate during construction and finishing work in a country house.
Using plywood or clapboard, you can “sew up” the walls of the gazebo that you will build on your garden plot or use it in apartment renovation.
It all depends solely on the type of construction work that you have started, as well as its level of complexity. Lumber purchased on our website can become an excellent component of your renovation or even the construction of an entire country house, where you plan to come with your family every weekend. All wood presented is tested and safe for health.
Interesting video about obtaining lumber:
Lumber made from natural wood is often used for construction. They can be classified according to the type of wood, the shape of the workpiece and other parameters. The characteristics of lumber depend on a number of properties of a particular type of tree.
Classification of lumber
Each type of wood has its own properties. That is why it is customary to follow a convenient and understandable classification. All natural wood materials can be divided into several groups:
- The bars have for the most part rectangular shape. The characteristics of such materials imply that the division in the group is carried out according to shape, manufacturing method, and cross-sectional size. The section is usually made from 100 mm or more.
- Boards can be divided into edged/unedged, sawn. The last group is divided into clean-edged ones with a blunt wane (blunt and sharp).
- Staves are used for barrels. The group is limited and includes rivets with a cylindrical or blunt cross-section.
- Planks and planks, sleepers are materials that have small sizes, rectangular section. Their thickness and shape may vary slightly.
- Slats are unedged boards whose edges are processed. Three sides of the board are unsawn, and one is sawn.
Classification of lumber and characteristics:
- By type of surface treatment. Lumber can have wide surfaces (faces), narrow surfaces (edges), and end surfaces (ends). In turn, wide ones can be divided into external and internal.
- According to the type of wood sawing. With respect to annual rings, lumber is classified into radial, tangential, and mixed.
- By type of wood. All lumber can be made from a variety of wood species, each best suited to serve a specific purpose. Pine is leading in this area; various types of products can be made from it, including for cladding walls and roofs. Spruce, larch, cedar, and fir are used in construction. All of them are great for boards. But ash, oak, mahogany are suitable for making finishing materials, as joinery products, where they fully reveal their qualities. Aspen is great for finishing interior walls saunas or steam rooms, it perfectly resists the negative effects of moisture and sudden temperature changes. For parquet board and natural parquet, experts recommend using birch. Here she fully reveals her potential.
Before purchasing one or another type of lumber, it is necessary to study their characteristics and areas of use. In this case, the selection will be correct, and the wood itself will last a long time.
Wood options
Lumber used for construction can be made from various types of wood. The most popular material is pine needles; most beams and boards are made from pine and spruce, but there are other options. Pine, unlike other types of wood, is lightweight and during construction there are minimal loads on the foundation. For example, aspen or birch are very heavy, but their strength characteristics are not so good. The boards are usually made of pine; this material is very durable, easy to process, and has numerous advantages.
Pine contains natural resin, which acts as an excellent antiseptic. This ensures the absence of traces of rot and mold for a long time. Pine has a soft and delicate structure, which makes processing simple, pleasant and quick. The smell and color of pine add attractiveness to the material not only as a standard building material, but also as an option for decorative cladding walls, log structures.
The characteristics of lumber are not complete without such parameters as the number and presence of branches. Here you need to pay attention to the spruce. This coniferous species has many positive characteristics, but its processing is complex. The problem is that the trunk contains many branches, and this is an obstacle to processing. Spruce is not as resistant to rot as pine, but its price is much lower.
Wood such as cedar can also be used for boards. This option is not common, but is still used.
Cedar wood is strong and reliable, like spruce, but easier and more convenient to process. Fir can also be used to make lumber. It is rot-resistant, easy to process, and has numerous advantages.
Types of lumber
There are different types of lumber available, it is possible to choose the appropriate option. Products differ in shape, size, characteristics, and areas of use. Common materials include edged and unedged boards, which are suitable for almost any job, but there are other options that act as auxiliary materials.
Most often, edged and unedged boards are used for construction work; they differ in a number of parameters. These lumber are very popular; they are used for the construction of house frames, for the construction of strips, walls, partitions, for installation rafter systems, formwork and other works.
An edged board is a material obtained by cutting a log. In this case, all its edges are smooth, but a small amount of bark, that is, wane, may remain. Indicators of moisture resistance, strength, and mechanical stability vary greatly, as does the cost.
This makes it possible to choose exactly the material that is more suitable for the job than others, without overpaying. Pine or spruce are most often used to make edged boards. The cost of such boards is not so high, but strength and durability meet all parameters. From such boards you can safely build not only outbuildings, but also perform interior decoration. Lumber has standard size 6 m, but the thickness and width are different. The width of the boards can be 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, for thickness - 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm.
The scope of application of edged boards is quite wide:
- for the manufacture of frames, walls, partitions;
- for laying rough and finishing floors;
- for the manufacture of various load-bearing structures;
- for the manufacture of formwork;
- in the production of furniture;
- in the manufacture of carved furniture;
- during the construction of gazebos, garages, canopies, fences.
Unedged boards have bark edges and are used quite often in construction. The appearance of these lumber is attractive, as close as possible to natural, which makes them excellent option for wall covering. Unedged boards do not have such a high density, so they can be easily processed. Finishing with such boards does not take much time. But if there are many cracks on the surface, this will significantly reduce the service life of the lumber.
Four-edge and straight-edged timber
Lumber can vary in price and quality. The cheapest include four-edged timber, which is produced in large quantities without requiring large, costly capacities. The production of timber is carried out by sawing or hewing solid wood, but the quality of the surface will differ significantly. For example, when hewing, the sides end up torn, which is not always acceptable. When sawing, the edges and ends are more accurate; such timber is suitable for work where the appearance of the materials is important.
Clean-cut timber is a square-section material, planed on all sides. Its length is usually 4 m, thickness - from 100 mm, depending on the purpose. Such timber is usually made from pine. It is processed from all sides, including the end parts. It is most often used for the construction of house walls, beams, ceilings, and subfloors. It has high strength properties.
Semi-edged board and slab
The semi-edged board has uneven planes; traces of bark may remain at the ends. This board is used for technical work. Walkways are made from it; it can be used for technical and subfloors, as a basis for other products.
Croaker is a fairly cheap lumber, which, when properly processed, perfectly replaces other wood products.
By appearance The slab is very similar to the side of a log; part of it is sawn on one side and not on the other. Such lumber is considered lump-type waste; it remains after cutting the base material. But the dimensions of the slab are standardized; it has the same width at the ends and along the entire length. Today, two types of croaker are used - wood and business material. It is used for various purposes, as blanks for other products and building elements.
Lumber is blanks made from natural wood. They all differ in shape, individual characteristics, size, appearance, and degree of processing. Lumber is used for construction and repair work various types, are often used in assembling furniture, fencing, and in the construction of subfloors. When choosing, you should focus on those properties that are necessary for specific conditions.
