As you know, gas heating appliances are equipment that can create an emergency situation involving a fatal risk. Accidental flame extinguishing or gas leakage can lead to an explosion or suffocation, and overheating of the boiler can, at best, lead to its breakdown. Functional safety automation for gas boilers will be able to prevent risks at an early stage. In addition, it promotes more economical consumption of fuel resources and increases the level of comfort during operation of the heating system as a whole. The cost of an automation unit depends on the number and complexity of options included in the circuit. Some of them are mandatory, and therefore must be present in every gas boiler without exception.

Operating principle of basic automation

Modern heating equipment is certainly equipped with a security system and control units with the function of regulating operating modes. An element of basic automation is an electric or piezo ignition, which supplies a spark to the igniter at the moment the gas supply begins. To start the combustion process, you just need to press the button located on the body of the heating boiler.

Next, the machine turns on the gas burner, which picks up the fire from the igniter. After heating the coolant to the required temperature, the automation (in in this case The thermostat) switches off the burner, and when the water cools down to the limit values, a signal is given to turn it on. The igniter continues to burn all this time. This option allows you to:

• protect the surrounding area from possible gas leaks;
• prevent water from boiling in the heat exchanger;
• stop supplying fuel to the nozzle if there is no draft or a sudden change in gas pressure in the main pipeline.

Maintaining optimal boiler operation and equipment safety have long depended not on the human factor, but on the automation that comes with gas equipment. It can be volatile, more reliable, but requires the presence of a source uninterruptible power supply, and non-volatile (mechanical), characterized by autonomy and simple design. The security system can consist only of the necessary elements or be multifunctional, have manual control or a programmer.

Automation ensures reliable and economical operation gas boiler without human intervention.

Non-volatile system

Such automation is attractive due to its isolation from electricity, low cost and maintainability. The operating temperature range that affects the operation of the thermostat is set here manually using a switch connected to the thermostat built into the boiler. Its design contains a rod made of a material that can shorten and lengthen as the temperature of the coolant changes. As a result, the gas supply valve opens or closes, completely cutting off the flow of fuel to the burner.

The set of non-volatile automation also includes flame and draft sensors. If the burner suddenly extinguishes, as well as with a significant decrease in draft, the gas is instantly shut off. But for comfortable and economical operation of modern boilers, the above options are not enough. Manual regulation does not allow the use of equipment in optimal modes, therefore, savings, comfort and service life of the boiler without additional automation are reduced to a minimum.

Volatile system

Maximum ease of use of gas heating devices provided by electronic automation. You just need to enter operating parameters or already programmed modes on the display, and the regulation and control system comes into play. It operates based on the principle of solenoid valves receiving commands from a microprocessor unit.

The disadvantage of volatile automation is its dependence on electricity. In the event of possible failures in the electrical network, the equipment is blocked and the coolant stops warming up, which leads to cooling of the heating circuit. The functionality of the system and boiler safety elements is maintained by connecting the equipment to an uninterruptible power supply or to a diesel generator.

Modern automation is capable of:

• maintain different temperatures depending on the days of the week or time of day;
• regulate the thermal regime, taking into account weather conditions;
• create individual temperatures in individual rooms;
• prevent freezing of the heating circuit;
• diagnose faults and much more.

Automation system components

Elements automatic regulation are divided into several groups, depending on the functional purpose and design features. When purchasing a boiler, you need to familiarize yourself in more detail with the set of options presented, because the price of a gas boiler depends on their quantity. It is possible that overly complex components are not required. Why then overpay?

Automation for heating boilers includes:

• thermostats;
• valves;
• relay;
• sensors;
• controllers.

Thermostats are considered one of the simplest electromechanical devices in an automation system. Their functions include ensuring the specified temperature regime coolant and sending a signal to turn on or off gas burner after reaching threshold or boundary values.

Thermostats prevent water from boiling or freezing in the boiler.

The valves regulate the gas supply to the burner. More precisely, they block or open the nozzle of the supply pipe.

The coolant pressure switch in the system protects the gas boiler from serious damage. The fact is that too low pressure causes airing, boiling and cessation of water circulation in the heating circuit. The result is severe overheating of the boiler. Excessive pressure is no less dangerous, as it leads to an emergency and can provoke an explosion. In the first case, the situation is controlled by a minimum pressure switch, and in the second - by a maximum pressure switch.

Relay devices also monitor gas pressure. Normal operation of the burner is assumed at the nominal pressure, therefore, when it decreases or increases, emergency situations occur. In the first case, the flame begins to “settle” in the burner, which leads to burnout of the pipes. In the second case, it rises too high, as a result of which the combustion chamber suffers. Depending on the circumstances, the minimum or maximum gas pressure switch turns off the boiler in order to protect the equipment from serious damage.

Sensors that determine the presence of coolant in the heating system are important addition for the boiler. They do not allow the equipment to be turned on without filling the circuit, which prevents the occurrence of emergency situations. The sensor is made in the form of a float or electrodes placed in the hydraulic circuit in a certain way.

Controllers are electronic devices that control individual components or the heating system as a whole. In this case, both internal factors affecting the operation of the gas boiler and external conditions, including weather. Controllers can have different capabilities and have different functionality. They are classified according to several positions:

• integration scheme with boiler equipment;
• management algorithms;
• set of capabilities;
• direction of service.

Available for gas boilers big choice automation that allows you to safely and comfortably use heating systems. When purchasing equipment, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the options offered by the manufacturer. Being mindful will help you avoid surprises.

Household heating appliances operating on liquefied or natural gas, do not require constant attention and control from the owners. This task is performed by automation for gas heating boilers.

Electronic and mechanical control units integrated into the heat generator regulate combustion and help maintain the required temperature in the coolant.

The automation works properly, accurately and reliably, increases the efficiency of heating equipment, and promotes reasonable consumption energy resource and makes the operation of the heating system simple, comfortable and absolutely safe.

The automatic system protects heating installations from overloads and activates an emergency shutdown of the gas supply in the event of sudden force majeure circumstances. Additionally, the equipment regulates the level of combustion intensity and current fuel consumption, allowing owners to save money on heating the premises.

The automatic unit has flexible settings and allows the owner to set the most convenient operating parameters for the equipment.

By basic principle work and design features automation for gas-powered equipment is divided into:

• energy dependent devices;
• energy-independent devices.

Systems of the first type are complex electronic units that require an uninterrupted electrical supply to operate correctly. The second types of devices are simplified mechanical structures that do not require energy supply.

Type #1 - volatile products

Volatile module is a small electronic device that responds to the supply of fuel. It turns on and off when the main gas valve is activated or closed. Is different complex design and a large number of elements and microcircuits.

Allows owners to solve the following tasks:

• activation or termination of gas supply;
• starting the heating system in automatic mode;
• adjusting the power level of the base burner (due to the presence of a thermostat);
• turning off a running boiler both in emergency situations and within a user-specified mode;
• displaying current indicators on the display (the general level of air temperature in the room, the point to which the working coolant has been heated, etc.).

More sophisticated modules have additional functionality and offer users unlimited and most convenient conditions for monitoring the operation and control of the unit. Electronic panels provide complete protection of heating equipment from malfunctions and prevent the boiler from freezing.

If the temperature in the room drops sharply, the “smart” system itself starts the heating equipment and turns it off when the home is filled with comfortable warm air.

The self-diagnosis option available for individual modules prevents operational failures and facilitates the timely identification of faulty parts and assemblies in the system. It makes it possible to notice a breakdown as early as possible and replace some small element even before it creates a real problem for the equipment.

Minor breakdowns of the heating system eventually turn into global complications and entail costs associated with the repair and dismantling (full or partial) of the equipment. Self-diagnosis helps to identify a malfunction and makes it possible to eliminate it in a timely manner.

Electronic automation responsible for safe operation equipment, ensures uninterrupted operation of the boiler, prevents the system from overheating and shuts off the gas supply in the event of a drop in draft or extinguishment of the flame in the burner.

The range of energy-dependent automation on the market today is pleasingly diverse. Useful and necessary mini-units are produced by world-famous brands and small companies that are just trying to earn their place in the sun.

Volatile automation is presented in the form of a control panel, where the user can set convenient operating parameters for the equipment. The cost of a “smart” element is high, but the costs are justified, because with the help of a control unit you can reduce resource consumption without any damage to your own comfort

Among the models offered there are both very simple products and more advanced units with a programming option.

On them, the user can choose the ones most suitable for himself and program the system to operate in day/night mode or, based on the weather forecast, set a certain level of heating of the house or apartment for a period of 1 to 7 days.

Type #2 - non-volatile units

Non-volatile automation more simple and practical. Control and adjustment are carried out manually using mechanical rotary toggle switches and are not difficult even for those who are far from technology. The device operates completely autonomously and does not need to be connected to a central electrical system.

For heating a residential building and supplying hot water In the taps, it is enough to turn the control knob in the direction of increasing by 2-3 divisions. If you need to take a bath or shower, the toggle switch must be set to the maximum setting

The product is marked with a digital scale with a list of values ​​from minimum to maximum. To activate, the user selects the desired mark and in this way sets the appropriate operating temperature directly to the boiler.

After these manipulations, it connects and takes control of the specified heating mode. The boiler works actively until the room warms up to desired temperature. Then the thermostat turns off the gas supply to the system and is activated again only when the room gets colder.

The operating principle is based on the specific design of the device. The gas boiler thermocouple built into the heat exchanger is equipped with a special rod. It is made from a special iron-nickel alloy called invar.

The physical characteristics of this advanced material give it the ability to almost instantly capture minimal temperature fluctuations.

If the room becomes too hot or too cold, the size of the rod changes. The connecting valve reacts to this and promptly shuts off or activates the flow of gas to the burner.

Availability of non-volatile automatic control system allows users to set the most suitable temperature regime in their house or apartment and use fuel economically without overpaying on utility bills

Additionally, non-volatile type automation has sensitive ones. If the pressure in the pipe suddenly decreases or the draft level in the chimney drops for some reason, the supply of the resource is immediately stopped and gas leakage can be avoided.

Non-volatile automation costs quite reasonable money and, unlike electronic analogues, does not require the purchase and installation of a stabilizer that controls voltage and equalizes unexpected surges in the central power grid

Correct operation of the flame sensor is ensured by a special plate. During normal and correct operation of the system, it is in a slightly curved state.

In this way, the part holds the shutoff valve in the “ Open" When the flame becomes smaller, the plate is leveled and the valve closes under its pressure.

Design and operating principle

The automation that controls the work consists of many elements, conditionally divided into two subgroups. The first includes mechanisms that ensure the full and safe functioning of the boiler itself. The second includes devices that make it possible to operate the heating system in the most convenient and user-friendly mode.

Components of a security system

Several modules are responsible for the operational safety of the unit:

1. Flame controller– consists of two main parts - a solenoid valve and a thermocouple. Shuts off gas promptly and reliably and prevents leakage.
2. Thermostat– maintains the set coolant temperature and protects the system from overheating. When the coolant cools down to minimum temperatures, the module starts the boiler into operation, and after recording peak-high readings, it turns it off, completely relieving the owners of the need to constantly pay attention to the system.
3. Traction control sensor, is responsible for stopping the gas supply to the burner in case of change basic position bimetallic plate, thus preventing gas leakage.
4. Safety valve– monitors the amount of coolant in the circuit.

In addition to all of the above useful qualities, automation has a number of additional functions that increase the comfort of using the equipment.

The device performs automatic ignition of the gas burner, selects the most effective operating mode, promotes rational consumption of energy resources and conducts independent diagnostics, saving the owners from all these activities.

Operating principle of security automation

Current regulatory documentation says that the safety system for gas boilers must be equipped with a device that stops the operation of the entire system and shuts off the gas supply in the event of an unexpected breakdown or any other force majeure circumstances.

To carry out this task, automation must keep under control such parameters as:

• gas pressure in the system;
• presence of an optimal size flame in the burner;
• full, high-quality traction;
• working coolant temperature level.

When in a non-volatile mechanical system the gas pressure drops to a critical level, the resource supply immediately stops. This happens automatically due to the presence of a valve mechanism set to a certain value.

Energy dependent electronic devices are designed slightly differently. In them, the above function is performed by a minimum/maximum pressure switch.

As the number of atmospheres increases, the membrane with the rod bends, opening the power contacts of the boiler itself. Gas stops flowing and is not supplied until the pressure level is restored.

It is prohibited by law to independently troubleshoot problems and somehow interfere with the basic functionality of the equipment. Only a qualified specialist - an employee of the gas supply company - can correct any problems that arise.

If the flame disappears in the burner, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing current. After this, the electromagnetic damper in the valve no longer functions and gas stops flowing to the burner. When the thrust drops, the bimetallic plate heats up intensely, changes shape and acts on the valve, causing it to stop supplying fuel.

The coolant temperature is kept under control by a thermostat. It ensures that the user-selected heating mode is maintained, while preventing the system from overheating and failing.

Nuances of the system's functioning

Volatile electronic automation operates based on information received from sensors. The microprocessor and internal controller analyze this data, process it and provide the system with commands that are optimally suited for a particular situation.

In order for electronic automation to function normally for a long time, it is necessary to call a technician annually to inspect the equipment, diagnose the microprocessor and view memory module reports

Mechanics have a slightly different principle. When the boiler is turned off, the internal gas valve is completely closed. At the moment the equipment is started, the washer on the valve is squeezed out and the passage for the fuel resource to the igniter is forced to open. Ignition stimulates heating of the thermocouple and voltage is generated across it.

This resource uses an electromagnet to maintain the valve in the open position. By turning the washer manually, the user can effortlessly adjust the level and power of his heating equipment.

Review of popular models and manufacturers

In the progressive market gas equipment and related elements, automation from both domestic and foreign manufacturers is presented. According to the principle of operation, all devices are absolutely identical, but in terms of design there are significant differences between them.

Availability of control automation in the system gas heating makes it possible to comfortably heat the room and rationally use energy resources. With a reasonable approach, savings can range from 30 to 43%

The cost of modules varies over a wide range. Simple mechanical products with a minimum of functions belong to the budget class and are sold at the lowest price. Advanced electronic panels are valued much higher, but provide the user with more extensive options for individual settings and control of operation.

Some devices, such as SABC automation, in addition to basic functions, are equipped with a built-in pressure stabilizer. This allows for more precise adjustment of the operation of gas equipment

Programmable electronic devices are considered luxury. They enable the owner to set an operating plan for the equipment for a long period of time, taking into account seasonal weather conditions and the current outside air temperature.

No. 1 - automatic EUROSIT 630

Automatic non-volatile unit EUROSIT 630 produced by an Italian company Sit Group (Eurosit) In terms of sales, it occupies a leading position in the market.

It is considered universal and works effectively with parapets and power from 7 to 24 kW. Switching on/off, igniting the pilot burner and setting the desired temperature are carried out using one handle with a button.

The Eurosit 630 module is a modern unit for controlling gas equipment. Fully complies with international standards and safety requirements for such devices. Has a European quality certificate and a guarantee from the manufacturer

The product is different high level reliability, withstands significant operating loads and has extensive functionality. The structural elements are “hidden” in the housing, to which sensor cables and other connecting tubes are routed.

The ignition time of the heating boiler using the Eurosit 630 automatic system is 10 seconds. Gas is immediately supplied to the system and very soon the room warms up to the set temperature

Inside the unit there is a cut-off valve, a spring valve and a pressure regulator. The gas supply is carried out from below or from the side according to the user’s wishes. In terms of cost, the unit is included in the budget category.

No. 2 - Honeywell 5474 module

The Honeywell 5474 device is manufactured by a German concern Honeywell, which has been specializing in the development and sale of various types of automation for more than a hundred years. Works correctly with household power up to 32 kW.

Honeywell 5474 is a non-volatile device for controlling the heating system. Equipped with micro-flare burners made of heat-resistant of stainless steel. They ensure better gas combustion, reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and prevent excess soot from depositing in the chimney

The Honeywell 5474 automatic system is equipped with a basic set of control functions that guarantee efficient operation of the boiler with absolute safety for users.

In automatic mode, the product maintains the specified coolant temperature (from 40 to 90 degrees), turns off the boiler in the event of a fuel supply cutoff, lack of draft at the required level in the chimney, reverse draft occurs, or burner extinguishment.

No. 3 - premium automation from Honeywell

In addition to inexpensive budget models, the company Honeywell also produces other types of automatic equipment, for example, luxury chronothermostats of the premium ST series or programmed thermostats Honeywell YRLV430A1005/U.

The YRLV430A1005/U device, with the widest possible functionality, has a user-friendly interface and does not cause any difficulties for customers during use. The cost of the product is quite high, but still lower than that of competitors offering models with similar characteristics

These electronic panels allow you to set the heating equipment the most detailed and precise settings, up to changing the temperature several times a day depending on the time of day, weather conditions and personal wishes.

No. 4 - Orion device

Automatic device Orion manufactured in Russia. The device includes a piezoelectric ignition and a draft sensor.

The Orion device looks simple and has minimum set functions. Its capabilities are not too great, but, thanks to its reasonable price and basic control method, the unit is in demand

The device turns off the gas in case of random extinguishing of the burner or lack of the required draft. When the room temperature drops, the thermostat activates the fuel supply and the boiler resumes operation.

The transition to the flame reduction mode when a certain (user-specified) temperature is reached occurs automatically and allows you to save fuel resources.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A detailed description of the operating principle of automation designed for a gas boiler. Interesting features and nuances of monitoring equipment:

How does the automation of a gas heating boiler work? A visual demonstration of the process of igniting a gas unit:

A detailed description of one of the most popular automation models designed for controlling and adjusting a gas boiler:

Gas heating system, controlled by automation, is a practical and cost-effective option for home heating equipment.

The mechanical controller is distinguished by its low price, reliability and simple control method. The electronic panel is more expensive, but has advanced functionality that allows you to create the most comfortable conditions in the room.

It is better to purchase mini-units in company stores that sell certified products that meet all the requirements for elements of gas-powered heating systems.

Do you know the intricacies of gas equipment automation that are not mentioned in the article? Did you have any questions while reading the material? Please write comments, share your own opinions and photographs on the topic of the article.

For different types boilers are used different kinds safety and regulation automation. This is due different conditions combustion, properties of fuels, boiler volumes and their purpose. In addition, automation for one type of boiler may differ significantly.

Types of hot water boilers and their automation

Valves in boilers can be controlled from a control panel remotely. Moreover, it has all the necessary locks. Thus, it is not possible to close the valve on the water pipeline until the valve on the gas pipeline is closed. Other actions that could disrupt the correct functioning of the system are also blocked, that is, the automation is fully responsible for the safe operation of the units, which reduces the risk of an accident to a minimum.

Functionality of automatic water heating boilers

In most cases, automation for boilers involves the following functions:

• Automatic ignition;


• Control of the hot water boiler during operation, for example, temperature control and maintenance;


• Keeping records of fuel consumption, which allows you to track fuel costs;


• Automatic shutdown of the hot water boiler in case of an emergency;


• Activation of sound and light alarms;


• Stop the operation of the hot water boiler if necessary.

For ease of use of the device, you can purchase a device with a graphic, text, or color display, on which a mnemonic diagram of objects can be displayed. Today, there are many automation modifications on the market regarding these parameters, so buyers have the opportunity to choose the most suitable option for them.

As a rule, boiler automation allows you to regulate the fuel supply using feedback or temporary settings. In addition, the system is equipped with a device that is responsible for interrupting the fuel supply in the event of an emergency, which reduces the risk of an emergency situation and also significantly increases the level of safety of the equipment used.

Automatic control of hot water boilers

• An electric pressure gauge changes the fuel pressure in the pipeline;


• Resistance thermometer (RTM) - increase in water temperature;


• Differential pressure gauge - reducing water consumption;


• The control electrode or photoresistance FSK - extinguishing of the torch in the burners;


• The DT draft sensor indicates a drop in vacuum in the furnace.

Advantages of automatic boilers

This type of boiler is the most in demand today, and this is explained by a number of reasons. Firstly, automatic boilers do not require constant human presence. Secondly, if it is necessary to adjust the work process, there is no need to approach the unit; the entire process is regulated using automation. Thirdly, automation makes it possible to bring the safety of boilers during their operation to the safest level possible.

Thus, the use of automation makes it possible to make the use of this kind of units not only very convenient, but also as safe as possible. They can prevent incorrect actions (block any command and report it), prevent emergency situations by turning off the system.

Types of automatic water heating boilers

This difference in units is explained by the fact that some can be used for domestic needs, others - for small industries, and still others - for huge production workshops. Whatever the water heating boiler, you can choose the appropriate automation for it, and boiler automation can vary not only appearance, but also certain functionality (the presence of special control buttons, display, etc.), which completely depends on the modification of the unit itself.

It should be noted that the latest models of water heating equipment immediately imply the presence of automation, which greatly simplifies the purchase process. There is no need to additionally look for this or that model. If automation is not included in the boiler package, it is often offered to be purchased together with the unit, which is also convenient for the buyer.

Use of materials is permitted only if there is an indexed link to the page with the material.

The technological processes occurring in the boiler unit during its operation are characterized by a number of interrelated parameters. A change in one of them, for example steam consumption, should be reflected in all other parameters: steam pressure, the amount of fuel supplied to the furnace, the amount of air supplied and exhausted flue gases, consumption feed water.

Boiler room automation provides for automatic regulation of the production process, automatic thermal control, remote control and signaling of deviations from normal operating mode. Automation of boiler plants can be partial, in which automation of certain types of equipment is carried out, or comprehensive, in which the boiler installation is operated without permanent maintenance personnel.

The main task of boiler plant automation is to regulate:

supply of air and fuel depending on the load of the boilers, subject to maintaining constant steam pressure in steam boilers or water temperature in hot water boilers; traction;

steam boiler power supply; steam superheat temperature.

Automatic regulation of air and fuel supply depending on the boiler load, maintaining steam pressure (or water temperature) within specified limits and regulating draft (vacuum in the furnace) is called automation of the combustion process.

IN boiler power automation include regulating the supply of feed water to the boiler depending on the load and maintaining a constant water level in the boiler drum.

The automatic control system consists of a control object and interacting with it automatic regulator. The boiler is subject to regulation.

The main links of the automatic control system, in addition to the control object and the automatic controller, are:

• - a sensitive element that responds to deviation of the controlled parameter;
• - setting device - a mechanism for manual and automatic adjustment of the set value or a software device;
• - converter - an executive body that converts the signal of the sensitive element into electrical impulses convenient for amplification;
• - amplifier - a device for amplifying a signal using an additional energy source;
• - actuating mechanism- a device influencing the controlled object;
• - corrective devices stabilize the regulation process by influencing the operation of the regulators.

In some cases, an automatic control system can be made with direct-acting regulators, in which there is no converter and amplifier, and the sensitive elements act directly on the actuators. In some cases, this system can be implemented with direct-acting regulators, in which there is no converter and amplifier, and the sensitive elements act directly on the actuators.

According to the principle of operation, automatic control systems for the heating capacity of boiler houses are divided into combined and with disturbance control.

Disturbance control performs control functions. The temperature of the hot water leaving the boiler is regulated depending on the outside air temperature, the change of which is a disturbing influence. The disturbance arriving at the controller input changes the regulatory action (fuel consumption) so that it compensates for the effect of changes in the outside air temperature on the room temperature. Combined systems automatic control systems consist of combined regulation and control systems. The constant value of the controlled parameter is maintained by disturbance action. In a system influenced by disturbance, the controller operates proactively, i.e. begins to act immediately after the disturbing influence until the controlled variable changes. The latter is controlled, and the change in signal is fed to the controller input. In addition, a reference action is introduced that depends on the disturbance.

There are systems with deviation control, that is, the impact on the controlled object depends on changes in the controlled parameter.

Based on the type of regulation, automatic control systems are divided into continuous (proportional) and multi-position systems. In continuous control systems, when the disturbing influence changes, the position of the regulating body changes smoothly. In multi-position systems, the regulatory body always occupies one of the extreme positions.

Automatic control systems come in direct (direct) and indirect action. Direct acting systems use the energy of the controlled environment. In indirect acting systems - energy from an external source (electric, pneumatic, hydraulic).

The functional diagram for regulating the combustion process in steam boiler plants is shown in Fig. 10.17. The steam pressure regulator receives an impulse from the pressure in the boiler drum and affects the amount of gas supplied to the furnace. The pressure regulator provides feedback.

The air regulator receives an impulse for regulation based on air flow and additional impulses based on gas flow and from the pressure regulator.

The smoke exhaust unit, which creates a vacuum, can be adjusted depending on the magnitude of the vacuum in the firebox or with an additional impulse from the steam pressure regulator.

The power supply to steam boilers is regulated as follows. When the steam boiler is in steady state, the weight flow rates

steam and feed water are equal and the water level in the boiler drum remains unchanged.

Rice. 10.17.

When the boiler load changes, an imbalance occurs. There is a need to regulate the boiler power supply. The simplest type of regulator used in this case is a single-pulse bar power regulator.

BOILER LOAD (PULSE FROM WATER LEVEL IN

Rice. 10.18.

Single-pulse regulators can be used to power steam boilers with a large water volume and at loads that do not have sharp fluctuations.

Functional diagram of single-pulse control of the water level in the steam drum

The boiler is shown in Fig. 10.18. Impulse on

regulation from the water level in the cat-water supply drum is perceived by the level regulator, which

ryi affects the flow of feedwater.

For large boilers with a relatively small water volume, a single-pulse regulator cannot provide quality regulation with sudden changes in load, since in this case quite significant deviations of the level from the set value will be observed.

In this case, a two-pulse regulator can be used, in which the regulator is influenced by both level deviation and changes in steam flow.

In Fig. 10.19 shows a diagram of a two-pulse regulator, in which pulses from the level meter / and flow meter 2 through the governing body 3 (in which the impulses are summed) have an impact on the regulatory body.

Rice. 10.19.

steam boiler supply

In addition to regulating the combustion process and boiler power supply, boiler rooms must have security automation. For normal operation, there must also be provisions for remote control, thermal control And signaling.

Security automation. If the normal operation of the boiler is disrupted due to a malfunction that can cause an accident, as well as in the event of an accident, the boiler must be stopped immediately.

The boiler safety automation system must provide alarm and protection (fuel cut-off) in the following cases:

• - changes in gas pressure above and below the permissible level;
• - reducing the fuel oil pressure below the permissible level;
• - reducing the vacuum in the furnace below the permissible level;
• - extinguishing the torch in the firebox;
• - reducing the air pressure at the burner inlet below the permissible level;
• - excess pressure in the drum is higher than permissible;
• - reducing the water level in the upper drum below the permissible level;
• - reducing water flow through the hot water boiler below the permissible level;
• - reducing the water pressure in the hot water boiler circuit below the permissible level;
• - increasing the water temperature at the outlet of the hot water boiler to a value 20 °C below the saturation temperature corresponding to the operating water pressure in the outlet manifold.

Restart is carried out after the fault has been eliminated.

In Fig. 10.20 shown circuit diagram automatic control and safety of water heating boilers of the STAVAN and ZIOSAB brands with low heating capacity, operating under pressurization.

Rice. 10.20.

In this circuit, the safety thermostat 13a designed to protect the boiler from damage associated with overheating of the boiler water by 8-10 °C above the maximum operating temperature. When the safety thermostat is triggered, the power supply circuit is opened, the burner is turned off and the red signal light on the burner control panel lights up 12.

Working (control) thermostat 136 designed to set the required water temperature at the boiler outlet. Upon reaching set temperature After heating the water, the working thermostat turns off the burner (the burner power supply circuit opens). After the coolant cools down by 7-10 °C from the set value, the electrical circuit closes and automatic switching on burners.

Traction sensor 14 installed on the boiler in a place where it will not be exposed to high temperature. Sensor 14 connects to the electrical circuit of a photoresistor or ionization flame control electrode. When the vacuum sensor is triggered, there is a pulse to break the electrical circuit of the photoresistor or ionization electrode, and the burner is restarted only after eliminating the reason that caused the sensor to trigger and then pressing the button on the burner control panel 12.

When starting a gaseous fuel burner, the automation operates as follows.

When the control device turns on the power 12 fan drive motor 7 starts 6 burners and indicator (relay) of the required air pressure 8 and a signaling device (relay) for the required gas pressure. If there is no required air and gas pressure, further operation of the software mechanism stops on the control panel 12 The corresponding warning lights come on.

Otherwise, after pre-purge for about 30 s, an electric arc is ignited between the electrode using ignition transformer 9 10 and a grounding screw. Magnetic valves 4, installed on the gas supply pipeline open. Coming from nozzle 5 the gas ignites. Burning time electric arc is approximately 3 s. If during this time the flame monitoring electrode 11 detected flame, control panel software relay 12 turns off the arc and the torch continues to burn.

If the flame control electrode does not detect a flame within 3 s, or the torch goes out for one reason or another, the burner stops and the corresponding signal light on the control panel lights up.

Remote control. One of the main technical tasks in the automation of boiler installations is remote control of electric motors driving pumps, fans, smoke exhausters and other machines, or working bodies (shut-off and control valves, valves, dampers, etc.). Starting of electric motors of smoke exhausters, fans and other units must be carried out remotely from the boiler room or boiler unit panel.

The remote control system consists of a power (main) circuit, a control circuit and a signal circuit.

A power system with an electric drive consists of an electric drive, power line wires and operating contacts of control equipment that close or open the power circuit.

The control circuit consists of control equipment (contactors, relays, etc.), control line wires and buttons that make or break the control circuit.

The signal circuit consists of signal contacts, communication line wires and signal devices. The alarm system can be control or emergency.

The control alarm is used to transmit instructions about the state of normal operation and the nature of operations at the controlled point (a particular unit is running or not).

The emergency alarm gives a signal in the event of a violation of normal operating conditions or an accident.

Control signals are usually provided by lighting effects (light bulbs, LEDs).

For emergency signaling, a sound signal (siren, bell) is usually used together with an accompanying light signal.

Thermal control. The boiler unit is equipped with control and measuring instruments necessary for its economical and trouble-free operation. Of the indicating devices, those necessary for monitoring the technological parameters that determine the possibility of rationally conducting the production process during operation and during start-up mode of boiler units are installed. Recording and summing (integrating) devices are selected based on the need to provide the ability to analyze the operation of the boiler installation and for carrying out economic accounting. Operational devices are placed on the boiler unit panel, and recording and integrating devices are placed on a separate non-operational panel.

Boilers of types DKV, DKVR are equipped with mixing burners low pressure and medium pressure injection burners. Automation consists of a set of devices that make it possible to create various control and safety systems.

Electro-hydraulic vacuum regulator (picture below). The vacuum in the boiler furnace is measured using a draft meter, the membrane of which is connected to a plunger.

Diagram of an electrohydraulic vacuum regulator

1, 2 - electromagnets; 3 - relay; 4 - lever; 5 - hydraulic servomotor; 6 - gate; 7 - draft gauge; 8, 10 - windings; 9 - plunger

The plunger moves in a coil of two windings. The winding is powered by a 12 V transformer of the electronic amplifier. When the vacuum value is set, the membrane holds the plunger in the middle position, and the voltage on the secondary winding is zero. If the value of the specified vacuum changes, the membrane and the plunger associated with it will move from their original position. In this case, an alternating current voltage will appear on the secondary winding. The magnitude and phase of the resulting voltage will depend on the direction and magnitude of the plunger movement.

The alternating current signal generated in the sensor is sent to the transistor amplifier of the device. In the amplifier, this signal is compared with a given value set by the ZDT adjuster. If the magnitude of the incoming signal deviates significantly from the specified value, an unbalance signal will appear at the output of the amplifier. This signal is sent to the contacts of the electromagnet coil or electrohydraulic relay. Before the imbalance signal appeared, the electromagnet coils were de-energized, and valves K 1 and K 2 closed the drain of water from the upper and lower cavities of the hydraulic servomotor. In this case, both cavities were under the same operating water pressure. When voltage is supplied from the TU amplifier to the winding of one of the electromagnets, the core and valve of the electromagnet will move upward, and one of the cavities of the servomotor will connect to the drain. Any movement of the servomotor piston through the lever causes a corresponding movement of the chimney damper. The movement will continue until the specified vacuum in the boiler furnace is restored. When the specified vacuum is reached, the AC signal will disappear, the electrohydraulic relay valve will close and the chimney damper will stabilize its position.

Automated system "Crystal".

The figure below shows a schematic diagram of the automated Kristall system in relation to steam boilers type DKVR, equipped with low pressure mixing burners. Automation provides regulation of steam pressure in the boiler, gas-air ratio, vacuum in the furnace and water level in the boiler drum. Let's consider the principle of operation of these regulatory systems.

Schematic diagram of the automated system "Crystal"

1, 10, 18, 25 - servomotor; 2, 11, 17, 23 - electrohydraulic relay; 3, 12, 16, 22 - amplifier; 4 - tap; 5, 6, 20 - differential draft gauge; 7 - burner; 8 - damper; 9 - safety shut-off valve; 13 - pressure gauge; 14 - constant level vessel; 15 - sensor; 19 - supply valve; 21 - boiler; 24 - guide vane of the smoke exhauster; 26 - blower fan

The amount of gas supplied to the burner is regulated depending on the steam pressure in the boiler by an amplifier. An electric remote pressure gauge measures the steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler and sends a corresponding electrical signal to the amplifier, which acts on the servomotor through an electro-hydraulic relay. The servomotor, in turn, changes the position of the control valve to ensure the required gas flow to the burner. An amplifier is used to regulate the ratio of gas and air. The sensors of this regulator are differential draft meters.

After changing the position of the damper, gas compression and flow also change, and a discrepancy between the air pressure and the new gas pressure is created. Electrical signals proportional to this discrepancy are supplied from the draft meters to the amplifier. The amplifier, having received these signals, uses an electrohydraulic relay and a servomotor to influence the blower fan, bringing the air flow into line with the gas flow.

The vacuum in the boiler furnace is adjusted as follows. The amplifier receives an electrical signal from the differential draft meter and, through an electrohydraulic relay and a servomotor, acts on the guide vane of the smoke exhauster, bringing the vacuum value to the set value.

The water level in the boiler drum is regulated using a single-pulse power regulator with a rigid feedback. A differential pressure gauge is used as a primary device. , connected to the boiler drum through a constant level vessel. The amplifier regulates the supply of feed water to the boiler in accordance with the extraction of steam from the boiler. When the water level changes, an electrical signal is sent to the amplifier from the sensor. In turn, the amplifier, through an electrohydraulic relay and a servomotor, acts on the feed valve, regulating the water supply to the boiler through the tap.

Safety automation ensures that the gas supply is stopped in emergency situations: a drop in gas pressure, an increase or decrease in the water level in the boiler drum, excess steam pressure in the boiler, a drop in air pressure, overheating of water in the economizer or boiler, or the burner flame going out.

Security automatic sensors have independent pulse selection and are autonomous. The gas supply is stopped when one of the controlled operating parameters of the boiler unit goes beyond the permissible limits. It goes like this. The corresponding sensor, which controls one or another parameter, is triggered and de-energizes the electromagnet coil. This coil is installed on the head of a PKN type safety shut-off valve. The de-energized valve closes, stopping the gas supply to the boiler. At the same time, an audible alarm sounds and a display lights up, indicating the reason for the boiler shutdown.

The set of regulating electrical and electronic devices of the automated system "Crystal" is assembled in one block and is mounted in a common control panel.

Maintenance of boilers with the “Crystal” system consists of monitoring their operation according to the readings of instruments and warning lamps located on the boiler room control panel. When the red lamps are on, the regulators work to increase the supply of gas, air and vacuum. When burning green - decrease.

When the boiler is turned off due to the activation of the automatic safety system, the operator must immediately close the valves in front of the burners, open the valves of the purge line and begin ignition, having previously found out the reasons for the violation of one or another parameter of the boiler operation.

KSU-1 control kit. The following modifications are produced: KSU-1-G-2 for water heating boilers using low pressure gas (replaces AMKO-K-I) and KSU-1-G-3 for water heating boilers using medium pressure gas (replacing AMKO-K-II).

The kit's supply voltage is three-phase - 380/220 or 220/127 V (the supply voltage is set by jumpers on the block located on the chassis in the kit's cabinet). Supply voltage deviation is from +10 to -15%. Frequency 50±1 Hz. Maximum power consumption - 150 VA.

The KSU-1-G set (figure below) and the sensors and actuators supplied with it provide on-off control of the boiler performance and safety automation. The gas supply to the boiler stops when its pressure in front of the burners increases or decreases, the air pressure decreases, the vacuum decreases, the water pressure at the boiler outlet increases or decreases, the water temperature at the boiler outlet increases, the flame goes out, the set blocks malfunction, or the supply voltage disappears .

Schematic diagram of the KSU-1-G control kit

1 - kit cabinet; 2, 3 - shut-off valves; 4 - igniter shut-off valve; 5, 17 - actuators of the EIM type; 6 - temperature sensor-relay; 7, 10, 11, 18 - traction, pressure, pressure sensor-relays; 8 - electric igniter; 9 - ignition coil; 12 - burner; 13 - control electrode; 14 - electric contact pressure gauge; 15, 16 - manometric thermometers; T 1 - “Accident” display; T 2 - “Work” display; L 1 - L 14 - lamps: L 1 - “Network”; L 2 - “No flame”; L 3 - “Low vacuum”; L 4 - “Low air pressure”; L 5 - “Water pressure is low”; L 6 - “Water pressure is high”; L 7 - “Water temperature is high”; L 8 - “Gas pressure is low”; L 9 - “Gas pressure is high”; L 10 - “The kit is faulty”; L 11 - “No reservation”; L 12 - “Exhaust gas temperature is high”; L 13 - “The boiler is turned off by the general boiler device”; L 14 - “On”; K 1 - K 5 - buttons: K 1 - “Start”; K 2 - “Stop”; K 3 - “Disconnection” sound alarm"; K 4 - “Disable the light alarm”; K 5 - “Alarm control”; P 1 - switch “Work with a general boiler device”; LS-1 - LS-4 - communication lines: LS-1 - “Supply network 380/220 V, 50 Hz”; LS-2 - “Signal to the dispatcher” (a - “Switching on the supply voltage”; b - “Accident”); LS-3 - “Remote control” (c - “Start”; d - “Stop”; d - “Enable regulation”); LS-4 - “Signals from the general boiler control device” (e - “Start - stop”; g - “Small combustion - Large combustion”)

Automation provides: light and sound alarms with storage of the root cause for each of the emergency parameters; warning alarm if the operation of one of the backup channels of the set is disrupted and if the temperature of the exhaust gases increases; issuing signals to the control center about the supply of supply voltage to the set and about emergency stop boiler; remote switching on and off of the boiler, as well as switching on regulation; operation from a general boiler control device; automatic start and stop of the boiler; working alarm.

The kit is located in wall cabinet with overall dimensions 620x910x395 mm. The weight of the set is no more than 70 kg. On the back wall of the cabinet there is power switching equipment: magnetic starters, relays, terminal blocks. Automatic switch A3163 (50 Hz, 40 A) is installed on the side wall on the left side of the cabinet. Operating controls and alarms are located in the upper part of the front side of the cabinet door. In the lower part, on the inside, frames are hingedly attached, in which, using guides, functional subblocks are installed, made in the form of protected and unprotected sliding mounting plates. The electrical connection of subunits with common circuits is carried out using connectors. The hinged fastening of the frames provides free access to the subblocks.

The magnetic starter of the MP fan motor is not shown in the diagram, as it is installed in the kit cabinet. One electronic actuator (EAM) is supplied with the kit, but two can be supplied upon customer request.

The causes of accidents and devices monitoring one or another parameter are given in the table below.

Cause of the accident		Position (see Fig. 56)	Warning lamp
Increasing the hot water temperature	Manometric thermometer TPG-SK, 0-160 "C		"The water temperature is high"
Decrease in vacuum	Traction sensor-relay DT-40-1K		"Underpressure
Increasing gas pressure	Pressure gauge indicating signaling EKM-1Udyaya KSU-1-G-3, pressure sensor-relay DC-06-1K for KSU-1-G-2		"Gas pressure is high"
Reducing gas pressure	Pressure sensor-relay DC-06-1K for KSU-1-G-3, pressure sensor-relay DN-250-1K for KSU-1-G-2		"Gas pressure is low"
Decrease in air pressure	Pressure sensor-relay DN-250-1K		"Air pressure is low"
Increase or decrease in water pressure	Pressure gauge indicating signaling EKM-1U		“Water pressure is low”, “Water pressure is high”
Burner flame goes out	Control electrode type CE		"No Flame"
Malfunction of blocks and increase in supply voltage of integrated circuits			"The kit is defective"

The vacuum sensor signal is supplied to the delay element to eliminate the influence transition process during ignition of the main torch and when regulating the boiler performance. The delay time of the vacuum sensor signal is set using the toggle switches “1 s”, “2 s”, “4 s”, “8 s” of the time relay unit with a resolution of 1 s in the range from 0 to 15 s. Both the main torch (burner torch) control signal, generated by the control electrode, and the electric igniter flame control signal are supplied to the torch control unit.

When sensors monitoring safety parameters are triggered, as well as when the supply voltage disappears, the executive relays are de-energized, breaking the power circuit of the shut-off valves, and the gas supply to the boiler is stopped. At the same time, the “Accident” light board and the signal lamp of the root cause of the accident light up, and the power circuit of the sound signal source (not included in the delivery package of the KSU-1) is closed. The sound signal is turned off by pressing the “Sound alarm off” button. Turning off the light alarm should only be done after eliminating the cause of the alarm by pressing the “Switch off the light alarm” button. The kit includes a lock that prevents the light alarm from being reset before the sound alarm. After resetting the alarm and post-stop ventilation (60 s), the kit is again ready for operation, but it can only be started using the “Start” button, and not remotely.

If, when the “Alarm” light display and the “Set is faulty” signal lamp are turned on, they cannot be turned off by pressing the button, it means that the supply voltage of the integrated circuits has increased and the protection has tripped. You need to turn off the network circuit breaker and fix the problem.

When the temperature of the flue gases increases and the backup components of the kit fail, the corresponding warning lights “Flue gas temperature high” and “No backup” are turned on. At the same time, the boiler continues to operate, and measures must be taken to eliminate the reasons that caused the alarm to turn on. By pressing the “Alarm Control” button, the serviceability of the signal lamps and the sound signal source is checked.

The kit provides operating alarms with lamps and displays “Network”, “Operation”, “Power regulation is on”, “The boiler is turned off by the general boiler device”, the operation of which is discussed below.

Automatic regulation ensures maintenance of the temperature of water leaving the boiler within specified limits, regulation of air supply and vacuum in the furnace. Regulation can be carried out in two modes: in conjunction with a general boiler device and without it. The control mode is selected using the “Work with a general boiler device” switch.

When operating without a general boiler device, the sensor in the control system is a manometric thermometer (see figure above). If the hot water temperature is in the range between the lower and upper adjustable values ​​(the pressure gauge needle is between both fixed contacts, and both contacts are open), gas flows to the burner through two valves: “Large combustion” (KG-70 for KSU-1-G -2 or KG-40 for KSU-1-G-3) and “Small combustion” (KG-40 or KG-20, respectively), the dampers on the air duct and gas duct are completely open. Closing the contact when the upper regulated temperature value is reached causes the “Big Burning” valve to turn off, the EIM is triggered, partially blocking the air duct and gas duct (the position of the maximum and minimum openings of the dampers is adjusted during the adjustment process) and establishing the appropriate gas-air ratio. The boiler switches to the “Low burning” mode. With a subsequent decrease in water temperature, the “Big Burning” valve opens again and the positions of the damper and gate change, that is, regulation is carried out at 40 or 100% of the burner’s thermal power. In this case, the “Low combustion” valve is constantly open.

When operating without a general boiler device, the KSU-1 set executes the following commands: signal to stop the boiler; signal to start the boiler; signal to set 100% opening of the gas supply regulator, dampers on the air duct and gas duct (“Big Burning”); signal for opening the regulators to “Low Burning”.

The power control device is turned on at the first start (both with and without a general boiler device) by pressing the “Power control on” button, accompanied by the corresponding signal lamp coming on, and this activation by the automatic start-up is allowed only after the boiler has warmed up (at least 120 s after installation of stable combustion of the torch).

When a shutdown signal is received from the boiler-wide device, the valves close, the “Boiler is turned off by the boiler-wide device” lamp turns on, and after 60 seconds of post-stop ventilation, the set is ready to receive the start signal. At the start signal from the general boiler device, automatic ignition is carried out in the sequence specified below in the subsection “Starting and stopping the boiler”.

If during normal operation with a general boiler device an alarm occurs or the “Stop” button is pressed, the boiler will turn off and it can only be started using the “Start” button, and the power control device can be turned on using the corresponding button.

Starting and stopping the boiler. Before starting operation of the KSU-1 set, it is necessary to set the following time delays on the typing field of the decoder block (in increments of 1 s in the range of 1-63 s and 0.5 min in the range of 0.5-63.5 min): delays for turning on the vacuum control ; reducing water and air pressure; pre-ventilation of the firebox; igniting the igniter; ignition of the main torch; to install stable combustion of the main torch; warming up the boiler before turning on the capacity control (when working with a general boiler device); post-stop ventilation.

Before each start-up of the set, turn on the automatic switch A3163 (the “Network” lamp should light up); check the serviceability of the light and sound alarms by pressing the “Alarm Control” button; make sure there are no emergency parameters; select the operating mode of the set (with or without a general boiler device) by setting the switch to the appropriate position.

To start the boiler, the operator needs to press the “Start” button, after which the “Start” lamp turns on and the kit begins to work out the ignition program in this sequence; the absence of an emergency condition of temperature and water pressure is controlled; the electric motors of the fan, smoke exhauster are turned on, circulation pump; dampers on the air duct and flue are set by actuators to 100% opening. After 10 s, the absence of an emergency condition is activated to control the vacuum in the furnace and the pressure of water and air. The firebox is additionally pre-ventilated for 60 seconds, after which the dampers on the air duct and flue are moved to 40% opening. In this state, the burner ignition cycle begins by turning on the ignition shut-off valve KG-10 and supplying power to the B-115 ignition coil.

At the same time, the control electrode of the igniter flame is connected to the circuit, and after 5 s the control of the operation of the protection device for flame extinction is turned on. After the circuit receives a signal about the presence of an igniter flame, power is supplied to the “Low combustion” shut-off valve and a time delay (5 s) is counted to complete ignition. After counting the time delay, the control electrode of the igniter flame is turned off and the control electrode is connected to control the burner torch; The “Operation” light display lights up and the “Start” lamp goes out; protection sensors for decreasing and increasing gas pressure are placed under control. The time is counted (60 s) to establish a stable burning of the burner torch, after which the ignition shut-off valve is turned off and the time count begins (minimum 120 s, but this time can be changed) to warm up the boiler, followed by turning on the power regulator when working with a general boiler device. Next, the boiler enters the mode and is ready to regulate the performance from the general boiler device or without it. The power regulator is turned on in operating mode without a general boiler device after turning on the “Operation” light display (completion of ignition of the boiler) by the operator by pressing the “Power control on” button after the time specified in the boiler operating instructions has expired.

If one of the safety parameters has a pre-emergency value before the start (after pressing the “Start” button) and (or) when a general boiler device is connected, it sends a signal to stop the boiler, then the start will not occur.

Simultaneously with the beginning of the start-up, signals are generated to block the system in case of unsuccessful ignition: if during the ignition process after gas supply the protection is triggered or the circuit is turned off by a general boiler device or the “Stop” button, these signals ensure mandatory implementation after stopping ventilation (60 s), during which the start is blocked, and only after this time has expired the circuit returns to the pre-start state. If the boiler shuts down for one reason or another before gas is supplied (before the ignition shut-off valve opens), then post-stop ventilation is not carried out and subsequent start-up is not blocked; ignition of the boiler can be repeated immediately.

To stop the boiler, the operator just needs to press the “Stop” button, and when work is complete, turn off the circuit breaker in the kit cabinet.

KSU-2P control kit.

The following modifications are available for boilers operating on gas fuel:

• KSU-2P-1-G (as part of control and signaling units BUS-1 and switching element block BKE-1) - for boilers with natural circulation with vacuum;
• KSU-2P-2-G (as part of blocks BUS-2 and BKE-1) - for boilers with natural circulation with pressurization;
• KSU-2P-3-G (as part of blocks BUS-3 and BKE-2) - for direct-flow boilers with supercharging.

The supply voltage of the kit is a three-phase network 380/220 or 220/127 V with fluctuations ranging from +10 to -15%. The supply voltage is set using jumpers on the block located in the control and signaling unit (BUS). AC frequency 50 ± 1 Hz. Power consumption no more than 300 VA.

KSU-2P together with sensors and actuators provides: on-off regulation of the main technological parameters boiler (stabilization of the water level in the drum - for KSU-2P-1-G and KSU-2P-2-G; stabilization of steam pressure - for all modifications); safety automatics (gas supply to the boiler is stopped in case of emergency decrease and increase in gas pressure, decrease in air pressure, increase in steam pressure at the boiler outlet, absence of burner flame, emergency increase and decrease in the level in the boiler drum - for KSU-2P-1-G and KSU-2P-2-G, lowering the vacuum in the boiler furnace - for KSU-2P-1-G, in case of an emergency increase in the temperature of the steam at the boiler outlet and the temperature of the exhaust gases - for KSU-2P-3-G); light and sound alarms with storage of the root cause of the accident; issuing signals to the control panel about turning on the set and stopping the boiler; automatic start and stop; working alarm.

The BUS contains functional blocks. On the front panel of the BUS there are operational control and alarm controls (figure below). In addition, the BUS includes intermediate relays used to control the boiler actuators and magnetic starters of the BKE unit 16, as well as to switch the BUS circuits during the execution of the control program.

KSU-2P control kits

1 - power supply gas type BPG; 2.3 - electromagnets of the “Large Burning” and “Small Burning” valves; 4 - igniter valve; 5, 10 - EIM type actuators; 6, 11 - 14 - sensors-relays of traction, pressure, pressure; 7 - level column; 8 - electric igniter; 9 - control electrode; 15- ignition coil; 16 - BKE block; 17 - BUS block; 18 - circuit breaker; L1 - L 13 - lamps: L1 - “Network”; L2 - “No flame”; LZ - “High steam pressure”; L4 - “Water level is low”; L5 - “Iodine level is high”; L6 - “Fuel pressure is low”; L7 - “Fuel pressure is high”; L8 - “Low air pressure”; L9 - “Fuel temperature is low”; L10 - “Low vacuum”; L11 - “Big Burning”; L12 - “Small combustion”; L13 - “Boiler is off”; K1-Kb - buttons: K1 - “Disable light alarm”; K2 - “Disable sound alarm”; KZ - “Enable the regulator”; K4 - “Start”; K5 - “Stop”; K6 - “Alarm control”; P1-P4 - switches: P1 - “Fuel pump”; P2 - “Fan, smoke exhauster”; PZ - “Feeding pump”; P4 - “Fuel” with the positions “Gas” (I), “Mazut” (II), “Light liquid” (III); LS-1 - communication line “Signal to dispatcher”: “Work” (A), “Accident” (B); LS-2 - “Power supply 380/220 V, 50 Hz"

Blocks BUS-1, BUS-2 and BUS-3 perform similar functions, while BUS-2 differs from BUS-1 in the absence of elements that provide control of the EIM damper on the gas duct and emergency protection and alarm for low vacuum, and BUS-3 from BUS -1 - the presence of: circuits that ensure automatic activation of the steam pressure control device at the boiler outlet; elements providing protection and alarm for increased temperature of steam and exhaust gases; elements providing engine speed switching feed pump from 40 to 100% (instead of turning off and turning on this engine in BUS-1). Hence the differences in the operational controls and alarms on the front panel of the units. On the BUS-2 block, compared to BUS-1, there is no “Low vacuum” lamp and the word “smoke exhauster” above the “Fan, smoke exhauster” switch. On the BUS-3 block, in place of the missing lamps “Water level is low”, “Water level is high”, a “No circulation” lamp is installed; there are no lamps “Fuel temperature is low” and “Vacuum is low”; Instead of one “Feed pump” switch, two are installed: “40%” and “100%”.

Switching element blocks (BKE) contain an ignition unit with output to the ignition coil, relays and magnetic starters for switching power circuits of motors and electromagnets, as well as an A3163 circuit breaker (50 Hz, 40 A). The BKE-2 circuit differs from the BKE-1 circuit in the presence of circuits for switching the windings of the feed pump motor from a “delta” circuit to a “star” circuit. BKE elements are placed in a wall cabinet.

The boiler automation diagram using the KSU-2P-1-G kit is shown in the figure above. KSU-2P-2-G and KSU-2P-3-G are used on supercharged boilers, and their circuits should not include a smoke exhauster, actuator 5 and draft sensor-relay 6. In addition, the circuit with KSU-2P-3 -G additionally include protection sensors for increasing the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the boiler and the temperature from the flue gases and exclude the level-measuring column (see figure above).

Automatic security and alarm systems. The causes of emergency situations in which the gas supply is turned off, as well as the means of controlling them, are given in the table below.

Cause of the accident		Position (see Fig. 57)	Warning lamp	Modification set
Increasing steam pressure	Pressure sensor-relay DD-10-0K (terminals 3,4)		"Vapour pressure is high"	KSU-2P-1-G; KSU-2P-2-G;
Increasing gas pressure	Pressure sensor-relay DN-250-0K		"Gas pressure is high"
Reducing gas pressure			"Shaz pressure is low"
Decrease in air pressure			"Pressure
Burner flame goes out	Control electrode type CE		"No Flame"
Decrease in vacuum	Traction sensor-relay DT-40		"The vacuum is low"
Lowering the water level in the boiler drum	Level column UK-4 and electrode at the NAU level		"Level	KSU-2P-1-G;
Increasing the water level in the boiler drum	The same, at the WOW level		"Level high"
Steam temperature rise			"No circulation"
Increase in flue gas temperature	Temperature sensor-relay TUDE-5

The signals from the vacuum and gas pressure sensors, arriving at one of the time relay blocks, are delayed by 3 and 4 s, respectively, in order to block the protection devices for these parameters from false operation when igniting the main torch or switching the boiler from the “Low burning” mode to the “Large burning” mode combustion". The delay time is set discretely by switches located in the BUS. The torch control unit works with both the control electrode and the control electrode of the electric igniter; the signal for monitoring the presence of the igniter torch after ignition of the main torch is turned off, it is replaced by the signal for monitoring the presence of the main torch.

If a pre-emergency situation occurs, as well as when the supply voltage disappears, the electromagnets of the “Large Burning” and “Small Burning” valves of the gas supply unit (GSU) are de-energized, the gas supply to the boiler is stopped, the “Boiler is off” lamps and the root causes of the accident are turned on, and the sound signal source is turned on. , not included in the KSU-2P kit. At the same time, an “Alarm” signal is issued to the dispatch console. The sound signal is removed by pressing the “Sound alarm off” button. The light alarm can be turned off only after the cause of the alarm has been eliminated by pressing the “Switch off the light alarm” button. By pressing the “Alarm Control” button of the BUS unit, you can check the serviceability of the signal lamps of the audio signal source.

The kit provides operational signaling with the “Network”, “Start”, “Low Burning”, “High Burning” and “Boiler Off” lamps.