Plastic utensils are used by many families: salad bowls, plates, mugs, etc. are very convenient to use, easy to clean and do not break. But few of us think about the safety of such a comfortable type of dishes and containers in the kitchen as plastic. But they come into contact with foods that are eaten. Housewives always read the ingredients of products, but very rarely pay attention to the composition and quality of packaging and containers for storing food and drinks.
In this article we will try to figure out whether food-grade plastic is harmful and whether dishes made from this material pose a health risk.
Types of plastic
Plastic is a material made on the basis of synthetic or natural high-molecular compounds and characterized by a wide range of applications. The most common types of plastic are:
- polyvinyl chloride,
- polyethylene,
- polypropylene,
- polystyrene
- polycarbonate
All polymers are obtained by polymerization - i.e. “linking” short molecules of a substance into longer chains. When heated, damaged, aging, or in contact with other substances, these chains break and monomers of the main substance enter the air or food.
How long can plastic utensils be used?
Absolutely all types of plastics are subject to destruction due to:
- aging (they break down, releasing decay products)
- damage (cracks, scratches)
- heating to critical temperatures (see below)
- exposure to alkaline detergents
- contact with alcohols
- contact with fats.
Reusable plastic food products can be used for their intended purpose no more than 1 year(provided their integrity is maintained - without cracks or scratches). Disposable tableware should not be stored with food for more than 3-4 hours after packaging, especially to be used a second time.
How can you tell if plastic is getting old? It becomes cloudy, absorbs odors, is difficult to wash, and is unpleasant to the touch. Such products can no longer be used. Even if there are only a couple of scratches on the plastic, it is no longer suitable for food purposes.
The harm of plastic
Polymers are inert in nature and non-toxic, which is why they are used for the production of tableware - in food products they don't hit. But!!!
- Pure plastic itself is fragile and unstable to high and low temperatures. And to give it the proper properties, stabilizers are added: the plastic becomes stronger, but also more toxic.
- Solvents, technological additives and intermediate substances of production and products of chemical decomposition of polymers under certain conditions enter food and have a toxic effect on the body.
Depending on the type of plastic (see table below), certain toxic substances may be released:
- Formaldehyde has carcinogenic, mutagenic and allergenic effects, negatively affects the reproductive system, affects internal organs and the central nervous system (see).
- Phthalates - increase systolic blood pressure and lead to infertility.
- Methanol is a dangerous poison, it affects the organs of vision and the central nervous system, causing chronic intoxication.
- Vinyl chloride is a neurotropic poison with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects.
- Styrene is a dangerous carcinogen. It has a negative effect on the reproductive system, affects the central and peripheral nervous system, disrupts metabolism and the functioning of the hematopoietic system.
- Bisphenol A - accumulates in the body, causing irreversible changes in the reproductive system, increases the risk diabetes mellitus 2 types, as well as the likelihood of cancer. Causes various pregnancy complications.
- Vinyl chloride - released during the aging process from a polyvinyl chloride bottle, is a neurotropic poison and carcinogen, mutagen and teratogen. When ingested, it turns into chlorepoxyethylene and can provoke the development of cancer of the lungs, brain, liver, lymphatic and hematopoietic systems. The longer a bottle of drink is stored (and often this period is 12 months), the more polyvinyl chloride will be in the contents, and this migration begins within a week after the bottle is filled at the factory.
There is no protective layer in disposable plastic, nor in reusable plastic - this is a myth that is designed to console our minds. Just a scratch on the dishes can cause plastic components to migrate into the food.
Cons of recycled plastic
Another negative point is the distribution recycling of plastics. In this regard, it is not always possible to identify the composition of the material and the releases from it. That is why it is so important when purchasing plastic packaging or products in it to pay attention to the inscription on the bottom - this is a mandatory attribute of certified products. However, not all manufacturers label their products as expected and not all products on Russian shelves are certified. What else creates big problem for the consumer when choosing plastic products.
Some research by scientists about the dangers of plastic
Russian scientists say that certified plastic tableware is absolutely safe, but only if used correctly and replaced in a timely manner.
American researchers claim that the presence of about 80% of “plastic” substances in the human body is the result of the use of construction and finishing materials made of plastic, as well as its use in everyday life, and most of all in dishes.
Substance diethylhexyl phthalate, which is used to soften plastics, is associated with an increased risk of:
- development of obesity,
- cardiovascular diseases,
- as well as infertility in boys.
Thus, obese children had increased levels of this substance in the blood. Despite the fact that in the last decade the impact of diethylhexyl phthalate on the body of expectant mothers has decreased by about 50%, these risks still exist.
Phthalates:
- Lead to an increase in systolic pressure: after examining more than 3,000 children who were constantly in contact with plastic products, a 3-fold increase in the level of phthalates in the urine and an increase in blood pressure were found.
- For their study, the team looked at data from nearly 800 women and their children. It has been confirmed that if the mother's body was exposed to phthalates in the first trimester of pregnancy, the born boys had a higher risk of developing infertility. Boys may be born with a shorter anogenital distance, which is directly related to infertility and poor sperm quality.
- There is no safe level of exposure to phthalates for pregnant women. To completely eliminate this substance, you should not only stop using plastic utensils in everyday life, but also not eat foods packaged in plastic packaging.
- Phthalates will still surround a person - they are in wallpaper, personal care products, medical devices and almost everywhere, but in this form they are less dangerous.
Bisphenol A:
- In 2015, scientists at the Saudi Arabian Science Campus conducted a study that proved bad influence bisphenol A on the liver function of experimental rats and their offspring. The work focuses on the fact that the presence of bisphenol A in the body can cause genetic damage to DNA.
- Scientists have classified Bisphenol A as a “multi-stage” carcinogen that accumulates in the body and has a negative effect both in the body and in offspring. The danger of certain concentrations of the substance was determined experimentally. It turned out that even very low concentrations can lead to harmful consequences for the health of a person and his children (see).
- Studies that were carried out in several foreign institutes with the participation of the US Environmental Protection Agency showed that out of 204 experimental samples of food products (canned food), 73% of them contained the presence of bisphenol A (released from the resins that coat the inner layer of metal cans ). At the moment, alternative coatings are being developed that could replace epoxy resins. But in any case, glass is considered the most environmentally friendly container for preservation.
- Australian scientists conducted an experiment - they examined the urine of volunteers, including pregnant women and children, who drink bottled water (which is sold in large bottles). Bisphenol A was detected in 95% of them. Yes, with normal conditions plastic does not release chemical elements into the water, but if the water is heated even a few degrees above room temperature, the “migration” of chemicals from the plastic into the water begins.
Tritan bottles
Tritan is a heat-resistant transparent polymer developed by the American company Eastman in 2007. Billed as a “healthy, ultra-safe” plastic. Literally immediately after the presentation, a line of baby bottles was released from Tritan, which quickly spread throughout the world. Currently, Tritan is used by many American companies for the manufacture of industrial goods, tableware, including 19-liter water bottles. The material is in high demand in third world countries, where consumers are more concerned about the price of goods than about their own safety.
Eastman was founded by Dr. Andrew Weil, who promotes alternative medicine, including urine therapy. In 2014, chemicals used to make plastic leaked from the facility, contaminating water in West Virginia and depriving 300,000 people of drinking water for a month.
The popularity of Tritan abroad is more likely due to the lack of alternatives than the announced safety of plastic. Consumers categorically refused to use polycarbonate bottles that emit Bisphenol A, and in the PET container market, demand exceeds supply by 3 times. Companies are forced to buy expensive materials, suitable for bottle blowing. Tritan is not seen as a competitor to PET in the US, and companies with access to PET are buying it. Tritan is used only by those companies that, due to lack of supply, are unable to purchase PET.
Eastman has repeatedly claimed to have thoroughly tested the safety of Tritan, but the methods used in the studies did not meet business standards. In 2008, Eastman began collaborating with Sciences International, a scientific company that lost a high-profile trial. They conducted research for the tobacco industry and for 2 years misinformed consumers about side effects new types of cigarettes, which caused several deaths.
Meanwhile, Tritan contains the synthetic estrogen triphenyl phosphate, or TPP, which is more harmful than Bisphenol A. But Eastman did not test Tritan as a single element, but divided it into several components. CHP was not included in the list of factors analyzed, although it is the most dangerous component of Tritan.
Eastman conducted another study using breast cancer cells, and the first results were positive for estrogenic activity. A company scientist reported the results for the presence of synthetic estrogens as negative, although they were positive. This was stated by Michael Denison, a professor of toxicology at the University of California at Davis, who assessed Eastman's report on the safety of Tritan as an independent expert.
In parallel, the company PlastiPure was engaged in research on tritan, which was also looking for a safe alternative to polycarbonate. As a result, it was found that Tritan components are more dangerous to human health than Bisphenol A. Different types Tritan (and there are as many as 5 of them available) emit harmful chemicals when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
In 2010, Eastman began marketing campaigns claiming that Tritan does not contain synthetic estrogens. In early 2010, Philips Avent, a leader in baby bottles and sippy cups, decided to see if they could do their own independent research on Tritan, but for unknown reasons abandoned the idea. In the same year, Nestlé tested Tritan and discovered an extremely harmful leached synthetic estrogen in it, but, by agreement with the manufacturer, did not make these results public.
Today, Eastman is conducting legal proceedings with independent laboratories that provide evidence of the dangers of Tritan.
Characteristics of the main types of plastic
The table shows:
- Comparative characteristics of plastics used for food products and potential risks associated with their use - these data do not mean that all food in plastic and utensils made from it are deadly, but harm, unfortunately, cannot be ruled out (the likelihood of which increases significantly with improper use or recycling of disposable products) .
- Average softening temperature of plastic- this is the temperature at which the destruction of the polymer begins and the active release of toxic substances into food and air.
- The digital designation is located in a triangle of arrows- you should look for it at the bottom.
| Name | Designation, softening point | Where is it used? | What might stand out? |
|
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, number 1) The most environmentally friendly polymer, but nevertheless, with secondary or not correct use may release harmful substances |
|
Disposable “soft” bottles for water and drinks, oils, sauces, beer, disposable tableware | Phthalates and formaldehyde |
| High-density polyethylene (HDPE, number 2) and low-density (LDPE, number 4) containing melamine-formaldehyde resins | 
|
Packaging for dairy products, reusable tableware, baby bottles, food film, grocery bags | Formaldehyde and methanol, which are released during photoaging (prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light) |
| Polyvinyl chloride (number 3, PVC) |
|
Disposable bottles and caps for them, cling film, containers, but more often - bottles for household chemicals | Vinyl chloride, formaldehyde, bisphenol A |
| Polypropylene (PP, number 5). Relatively safe and most common. There are high, medium and low pressure, only 1 type is allowed for food packaging. |
|
Jars, containers and food containers, glasses, can be colored. Reusable dishes. | Formaldehyde, especially in contact with fatty foods and alcohol |
| Polystyrene (PS, number 6) |
|
Disposable glasses, trays for packaging products (similar to polystyrene foam), jars for dairy products, forks, spoons, disposable knives, disposable containers | Styrene and formaldehyde |
| Polycarbonate (PC or PC) |
|
Reusable and disposable bottles, including children's, plastic tableware, plastic parts of pacifiers, inner layer of metal cans | Bisphenol A |
| Melamine (Melsazh, Melamin, M). Prohibited for the food industry! | Melamine melts at 350 C. | Dishes that look very similar to porcelain | Formaldehyde |
| Mixtures of plastics (number 7). This includes polycarbonate, polyamide and other types of plastics | Water bottles, packaging | Bisphenol A, formaldehyde and others, summing up the negative effects |
Are ABS plastic and San plastic harmful or not?
These types of plastic not used for food products. SAN plastic is a styrene copolymer, the same as ABS plastic. It is a rigid, heat-resistant plastic of several classes, which is mainly used for industrial and domestic purposes, but not for products in contact with food and drinks. In the temperature range from -40 C to +80 C, both types of plastic do not change their properties and do not release chemical elements into the environment. In addition, they can withstand short-term heating up to 105 C. But they cannot be used for food products.
| Plastic San | ABS plastic |
|
|
Marking
Plastic that is used for the production of utensils and products that come into contact with food (food plastic) is subject to certification and undergoes mandatory examination for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
Manufacturers of food-grade plastic are required to label their products accordingly. There are generally accepted markings for plastic utensils - fork and glass. But the crossed out fork and glass indicate that the product cannot be used for food.
The product may indicate what products it is intended for (cold, hot, bulk, liquid), where it can be used (in a microwave oven, for freezing, etc.).
| Some manufacturers sometimes indicate the temperature range of use. | |
| Markings can be words or icons: | |
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Plastic for hot foods and microwaves
Now there are effective ways polymerization and purification of plastic, which made it possible to develop heat-resistant types of plastic. On the bottom of such containers it is written “for hot foods”. Such containers are used to fill machines for preparing hot drinks and are often used in catering.
Plastic marked “for hot foods” and for “microwave oven” are different products:
- Only those containers can be used in a microwave oven, which are marked with the “stove with waves” icon or labeled “microwave.”
- Marking for hot products- this means you can drink hot tea or eat hot soup, but do not cook or reheat in the microwave.
When utensils for hot food are repeatedly used, an “aging effect” occurs: under the influence of oxygen and heat, long polymer molecules break down into short pieces, which end up in food.
Separately about plastic bottles
A plastic bottle (for soft drinks, dairy products) is a very practical and convenient container, which in everyday life, as a rule, turns from disposable to reusable. It especially often happens that caring mothers pour compote, juice, i.e. into a baby water bottle with a convenient nozzle on the neck for drinking. used repeatedly.
Plastic bottles are mainly made from polyethylene terephthalate, which:
And polyvinyl chloride- a polymer that is quite dangerous due to the release of vinyl chloride and bisphenol A.
Are there safe bottles that can be used multiple times?
Yes, these are reusable PET bottles, but you can’t put anything in them except water.
In addition, there is a “home” way to identify dangerous containers: press the bottle with your fingernail. If a white streak remains, the plastic may pose a health hazard.
How to use dishes and other plastic products so that they are safe for health
Plastic food utensils are unlikely to leave most people's everyday use. It is hygienic, inexpensive, lightweight and convenient. To prevent harm to health, you should follow the safety rules:
If possible, give up plastic dishes altogether and replace them with ceramic, porcelain or glass, especially for children: the safest feeding bottles are made of glass. Yes, they are fragile, but today you can find products on sale with a special silicone braid that will not break if accidentally dropped.
There are also environmentally friendly disposable tableware made from cane, bamboo, eggshell, and cardboard. It is not only safe for health, but also does not pollute the environment, but, of course, it is more expensive.
To summarize, we note: when a person develops cancer, hardly anyone understands its causes, and all efforts are directed toward treatment. Of course, this is correct - in the fight against the disease of roads every day. But it is important to understand that none of us is immune from cancer. So why increase the likelihood of its development and voluntarily introduce carcinogens into the body? Think about this and don’t put your life at unnecessary risk!
Did you know that when heated and in contact with water, plastic releases various harmful toxic compounds, which, when entering the human body, undermine his health, accumulate and cause various diseases.
Scientists claim that up to 80% of toxic “plastic” substances found in the human body come from:
- construction and finishing materials - from insulation, waterproofing, wallpaper
- household items - from plastic windows, furniture, household appliances
- but most of all - from plastic dishes. From food-grade plastic, various toxic compounds pass directly into food.
Using plastic utensils is very harmful. The use of plastic containers, which have now become fashionable, is especially harmful, since they are often used for storing and heating food in microwave ovens. It is with this use - heating and contact with water and food - that toxic substances and poisons are released and formed that enter the body. It turns out that we do not directly use poisons, and there seem to be none around us, but everything we touch under certain conditions releases poisons.
Technical and food plastics are made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene and polycarbonate.
Polymers themselves are inert and non-toxic, but technological additives, solvents, and chemical decomposition products, when they get into food, have a toxic effect. This can happen when food is stored or heated. In addition, these materials, when subjected to change (aging), release destruction products.
Polyvinyl chloride is a chlorine-based polymer. It is distributed all over the world because... extremely cheap. It is used to make drink bottles, cosmetics boxes, containers for household chemicals, and disposable tableware. Over time, PVC begins to release a harmful carcinogenic substance - vinyl chloride. From a bottle it gets into a drink, from a plate into food, and with food into our body. Harmful substances from PVC begin to be released a week after the contents are poured into it. A month later in mineral water several milligrams of vinyl chloride accumulate (oncologists believe that this is a lot). Often, plastic bottles are reused: tea or other drinks, even alcoholic ones, are poured into them. They sell milk and sunflower oil. Large bottles are used as buckets and they even store “living” and “holy” water in it (the healing properties of water can only be preserved in glass containers).
Bottled water is deadly.
We are so accustomed to drinking from plastic bottles that we don’t even think about the dangers of such containers. The water itself, which is used to fill the eggplants, may not contain any harmful impurities. Although there is evidence that some manufacturers “enrich” it not with minerals, but with pharmaceutical preservatives.
Australian scientists conducted an experiment and found bisphenol-A in 95% of the volunteers studied. Moreover, the number of test subjects included children and pregnant women. This substance got into the urine, most likely, from bottled water. Under normal storage conditions, plastic does not exchange with water chemical elements. When heated even slightly above room temperature, toxic molecules begin to actively move from the plastic bottle into the liquid with which it is filled. It is clear that in heat of more than 30 degrees, such water becomes poisoned, including bisphenol-A. This component negatively affects the thyroid gland, the central nervous system, and provokes the inability to have children, hypertension, obesity and diabetes.
There is another significant danger in our country - the reuse of eggplants. Some even pour it into them hot water, others are used repeatedly. This certainly increases the risk of chronic intoxication. Experts also note the significant cost of such water, which is hundreds of times higher than tap water. They advise that it is better to spend this money on a high-quality water filter.
Water bottles should not be refilled with anything other than water. Only PET bottles can be reused. Toxic vinyl chlorine is released from PVC bottles. Experts believe that bottle plastic only remains neutral in the absence of oxygen, as long as the water retains its original chemical composition. As soon as the bottle is opened, the water and plastic quickly change their properties.
Conscientious manufacturers put a symbol on the bottom of dangerous bottles - a three in a triangle, or PVC, i.e. PVC. A harmful container can also be recognized by the influx on the bottom. It comes in the form of a line or a spear at two ends. If you press the bottle with your fingernail, a whitish scar will form on the dangerous one. A “correct” (relatively correct) bottle remains smooth.
Tableware made from melamine (formaldehyde).
Using dishes made of melamine (formaldehyde) is extremely dangerous. To make the dishes stronger, asbestos is added to them. And asbestos is prohibited even in construction, not to mention in dishes. Formaldehyde and asbestos are very harmful and can cause cancer. The design on such a plate is also harmful. You cannot apply a harmless dye to melamine - it will not stick. Therefore, paints containing heavy metals, primarily lead, are used.
Food in such containers becomes toxic (when heated, harmful carcinogenic substances are formed). Heating soup in such a container just a few times can cause cancer. Studies were conducted on animals: some were fed for 2 months from porcelain dishes, and others from bright plastic. The latter experienced changes in blood composition, which often leads to neoplasms.
Together with food, formaldehyde enters the body - a poison that negatively affects many vital organs, even causing them to fail. This even affects the offspring (future children are born with various disabilities and will be delayed in development). The dishes come from Turkey, Jordan and China - for the Russian market they are painted with scenes from “our life”. At home, manufacturers do not risk selling such dishes. And in Europe they don’t like melamine; some countries write on the label: on the territory of the EEC, it’s not allowed, for export - please. This is how foreign manufacturers and sellers take care of the health of their citizens.
Before you buy such dishes, think - is it worth risking your health?!
Disposable cups can only be used for water. It is better not to drink acidic juices, sodas, hot and strong drinks from them! It is not recommended to place hot foods in polystyrene plates. Polystyrene (designated with the letters PS) is indifferent to cold liquids. But when heated, the glass begins to release a toxic compound (styrene). Manufacturers of instant food products also often use polystyrene packaging (cup, bag, bowl). And when she comes into contact with hot water, it begins to release harmful styrene. Polystyrene plates are also used in summer cafes and canteens. In addition to the already not very healthy hot lunch, you can also get a dose of toxins.
Foods high in sugar and fat should not be cooked in plastic containers. They are heated to the point where the plastic melts and deforms. It's better to cook them in glassware, which can withstand heating up to 140, 180 or more C. Frozen ready-made meals in trays in which they can be reheated may lose the necessary heat resistance after being subjected to deep cooling (some brands).
Plastic dishes - used mainly for storing food (cheese, butter) or ready-made dishes. You can't cook in it. IN plastic containers You cannot store sour foods, cabbage, pickled cucumbers and other vegetables. Wash with hot water too.
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Canada has already listed bisphenol-A, which is used in plastic bottles, dental fillings, CDs and other everyday items, as a toxic substance. “Our science has proven that BPA can be harmful to both human health and environment, and we are the first country (in the world) to take decisive action on behalf of Canadians,” said Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq. Concerns about the harm of BPA were raised as early as 2008. Then Canadian scientists announced a possible connection between the presence of the substance in plastic dishes and changes in behavior, the risks of prostate cancer and breast cancer, and changes in the brain.
According to Russian standards, bisphenol-A belongs to the class of moderately hazardous substances.
Some argue: if you do not exceed the permissible level chemical substances, there will be no harm. You need to eat more than 2 kg of canned food per day to get closer to the maximum permissible dose. Others insist: the more chemicals a person consumes, the more it destroys the body... Plastic entered our lives about 30 years ago. Now the first truly “plastic” generation is growing, and to draw conclusions about the effect of plastic on the body, you need to observe at least five generations...
This video talks a lot about poisonous dishes:
Plastic utensils are as common an attribute of modernity as, say, a microwave oven or a Teflon frying pan. There is hardly a kitchen without at least one plastic plate, container or bowl among its utensils. We buy sunflower oil in PET bottles, yogurt in cups, ice cream in buckets, use filter jugs for water, electric kettles with plastic containers... Disposable plastic glasses, forks, plates are very convenient in field conditions: on picnics and on trips. Plastic is everywhere today, and it is very important for consumers to be able to navigate the variety of products made from it. Of course, an ordinary consumer cannot do a chemical analysis of the material of a plate he likes at home. But it is possible and necessary to distinguish the type of plastic, at least by the markings on the product, because health depends on it.
There is a special international marking for plastic products - triangles made of arrows with a number inside, which indicates the type of plastic. There may not be numbers, then the type of material is indicated by a letter code.
PET (PETE)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) is used for the manufacture of all kinds of packaging (boxes, bottles, cans, etc.) for bottling juices, carbonated water, beer, vegetable oil. In everyday life, such bottles are often reused: they are used to pour water “on the road”, or store drinks in the refrigerator. However, you should be aware that in fact these products are not suitable for repeated use, since over time the walls of the vessels begin to release harmful substances (phthalates) into the contents. PET containers must not be used for hot drinks or heating in the microwave; you cannot drink water or juice from a bottle heated in the sun.
HDPE (PE HD)
HDPE (PE HD) is a temperature-resistant plastic that is widely used for the manufacture of bags, food containers, milk cartons, disposable tableware, and containers for household chemicals. This material is relatively safe as long as it is not heated. When the temperature rises, it can release formaldehyde, which has carcinogenic properties.
PVC (V, PVC)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) utensils are potentially dangerous for use for food purposes, as they may contain dioxins, mercury, bisphenol, and cadmium. The material is especially dangerous when in contact with fatty foods or when exposed to high temperatures, as it can release phthalates, vinyl chloride and heavy metals.LDPE (PEBD, HDPE)
LDPE plastic is not used for the production of tableware. But this material is known to us from bags and films for packaging products, garbage bags, bottles for detergents and even toys. The safety of HDPE films and bags is relative: when room temperature They are practically safe for the human body. When heated above 25°C, formaldehyde may be released.RR
PP – products made of polypropylene. These dishes can be used for hot food. Without harm to heated products, it can withstand temperatures of +100° C (melting point is 160° C), so it is allowed to be used in microwave ovens. Frozen foods in polypropylene film or bags can be heated by immersing them together with the packaging in hot water. When used correctly, products made from polypropylene are safe - dishes for children are even made from this material. Contrary to popular belief that you cannot drink alcoholic beverages from polypropylene cups, since a reaction with the release of phenol or formaldehyde is possible, polypropylene is a chemically resistant material. Therefore, you can pour and drink alcoholic beverages from such containers, you just cannot store them in polypropylene containers.PS
PS - polystyrene dishes have this marking. It is used to make containers for eggs, disposable forks and spoons, trays for meat and poultry, and cups for dairy products. The softening temperature of polystyrene is +80° C, and when heated to +60° C, the release of toxic styrene begins. Harmful styrene vapors can cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and disruption of the nervous system and hematopoietic organs. Therefore, polystyrene dishes can only be used for cold food and drinks. It is strictly forbidden to heat food in them in microwave ovens.On a note! Glass and ceramic containers are considered the safest for storing food. And if the aesthetic component is also important, you should pay attention to products made from natural materials with minimal chemical additives - porcelain And earthenware. The first and to this day one of the leading enterprises in Russia for the production of such products is the Imperial Porcelain Factory in St. Petersburg, the largest sales offices of which are located in the city on the Neva, in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, and there are also tableware stores in Odessa, Vladivostok, Almaty and many other cities of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. |
The symbol in the form of a glass and fork on disposable tableware indicates that it is intended for use with food products. Accordingly, if the “glass and fork” marker is crossed out, it’s the other way around.
All this information is necessary to use plastic utensils without harm to health. You cannot heat food in containers unsuitable for exposure to high temperatures and in plastic bags and bags of questionable quality. Do not store water and other drinks in plastic bottles that are not intended for this purpose. It is worth refraining from buying unmarked dishes - no matter how attractive appearance and no matter the price. Completely refusing to use “food” plastic products is tantamount to giving up other benefits. technical progress. Therefore, when using plastic utensils, you should adhere to technical recommendations and common sense.
Today we cannot imagine our life without plastic: disposable tableware, food containers, and bottles made from it are found in every home. But it destroys our health! A study on this topic was conducted by the program “Conspiracy Theory. Plastic and food: safety rules."
American scientists say: 80% of “plastic” substances found in the human body come there mostly from dishes. But if it says “food grade plastic”, it must be harmless! However, there are many nuances, and the main one is that food plastic comes in different forms. How it can be used depends on what substances it contains. Unfortunately, this is not written on the labels, and, accordingly, this rule is rarely observed.
An irreplaceable thing at the dacha and especially at a barbecue picnic. In some fast food cafes, soups and main courses are served in plastic bowls and plates. But often such dishes are made from polystyrene (PS). When heated, it forms carcinogenic styrene, which accumulates in the liver and kidneys and can even lead to cirrhosis. Dishes marked PS can only be used for cold dishes! The only plastic that is suitable for hot food is polypropylene (PP).
Myths and truth about products
Alcohol is a solvent, so if you pour it into a plastic cup or glass, you get a solution of ethanol with stinol, phenol and formaldehyde. This leads to problems with vision, kidneys and reproduction. Tea and coffee can only be poured into glasses marked PP, but only when the drink has cooled down a little. Polypropylene can withstand temperatures no higher than 75 degrees.
Most often they are made from PET plastic. Rospotrebnadzor advocates banning the sale of beer in PET bottles, since under the influence of alcohol, phthalates are released from plastic into the drink. They affect hormonal balance, men produce female hormones, sexual activity decreases, and women develop endometriosis and infertility.
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1. Ideally, avoid plastic altogether. Buy disposable paper tableware, glass containers for storing food, drinks in glass, and carry a reusable flask of water with you.
2. Disposable plastic cups pour only water.
3. Do not reuse disposable tableware and PET water bottles.
4. Do not store foods containing acid (tomatoes, fruit salads) in plastic containers. Don't put hot food in there.
5. Wash the containers carefully, without damaging the surface layer, with baking soda diluted with water to a mushy state.
In Austria, Ireland, Australia, China, Bangladesh and other countries, the use of plastic bottles is completely prohibited
1. PET(E)/PET – polyethylene terephthalate: bottles for drinks, containers for bulk food products. The best plastic for bottles.
2. PEHD (HDPE)/HDPE – low-density polyethylene: for packaging milk, bags. May release formaldehyde.
3. PVC/PVC – polyvinyl chloride: packaging of water and products by small enterprises. Contains the carcinogen vinyl chloride, which can penetrate into food and the human body. It's better not to use it.
4. PELD (LDPE)/LDPE – polyethylene high pressure: bags, flexible packaging. May release formaldehyde.
5. PP/PP – polypropylene: tableware for hot dishes, cling film. Withstands temperatures up to 75 degrees.
6. PS/PS – polystyrene: disposable tableware. Does not withstand heat. You cannot eat or drink hot foods, drinks or alcohol from it.
7. O(ther)/Other – a mixture of plastics or polymers not listed above. It is better not to use for food products.
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The dangers of plastic utensils and how they are labeled
Plastic has firmly taken its place in our kitchens, with a variety of plastic bowls, storage containers, baking dishes, plates and cups appearing on the shelves. We drink from plastic, eat from it, store food in it, heat food in the microwave in it. Nowadays, in some European countries, up to 70% of residents eat at home from disposable dishes.
The high popularity of plastic dishes is due to the fact that they are convenient, light and cheap, and if they are disposable, there is no need to wash them.
Marks on plastic utensils
An international marking was developed for sorting plastic, a triangle formed by arrows with a number inside. The letter code of the plastic may be indicated under the triangle, together with or instead of the number. Plastic packaging is divided into 7 types.
Polyethylene terephthalate PET(E) or PET is used to produce disposable bottles for:
- water,
- soda and beer,
- cosmetic products,
- dairy products,
- vegetable oils.
Reuse is completely prohibited as it may release phthalates.
High pressure polyethylene PEHD (HDPE) or LDPE is used for the production of:
- packaging bags,
- garbage bags,
- milk packaging.
May release carcinogenic formaldehyde.
Polyvinyl chloride V, PVC or PVC is used to produce:
- finishing and building materials,
- shoes,
- furniture,
- water bottles,
- medical products,
- films for wrapping products.
This plastic is virtually impossible to recycle. May release phthalates, heavy metals, and vinyl chloride upon contact with fatty or hot foods.
Low-density polyethylene PELD (LDPE) or HDPE is used for the production of:
- detergent bottles,
- pipes,
- toys,
- bags and films for wrapping products.
May release formaldehyde.
Polypropylene PP or PP is used for the production of:
- glasses and jars,
- medical products,
- dishes for hot dishes,
- food packaging film,
- containers for products.
May release formaldehyde
Polystyrene PS or PS is used for the production of:
- hot drink glasses (similar to styrofoam),
- food trays (similar to foam),
- cups for dairy products,
- electrical insulating film,
- food containers,
- forks and spoons.
May release the chemical estrogen and the carcinogen styrene.
Polycarbonate and other plastics O, OTHER or OTHER are used for the production of:
- baby bottles,
- multilayer packaging,
- combined plastic,
- reusable water bottles.
May release bisphenol A.
Harm from plastic dishes
Studies have shown that plastics can be hazardous to health. Harmful substances from plastic begin to enter food even at the lowest heat, and often at room temperature.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Disposable cups and plates for fast food establishments are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It must not be used in the microwave or filled with hot food. PET dishes have a shelf life of one year, after which harmful substances may begin to be released, as a result of which you cannot stock up on such dishes for future use.
Polystyrene (PS)
Polystyrene (PS) dishes also do not like high temperatures and are intended for cold food and drinks.
Polypropylene (PP)
Tableware made of polypropylene (PP), can withstand high temperatures, so you can heat food in it in the microwave. A glass of hot tea can be held in your hand and it will not be hot. The big disadvantage of this cookware is that it does not like fats; when it comes into contact with them, polypropylene breaks down and releases toxic substances.
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate (PC) cookware is the safest and very practical. It looks like ceramic or porcelain dishes. Polycarbonate dishes do not break or oxidize. It is used to make storage containers and baking dishes.
Silicone
Silicone cookware can handle temperatures from –60 to +280 degrees. This material is used to make molds for jelly and ice muffins. Silicone cookware is soft, very slippery and has non-stick properties, so it does not need to be lubricated before use.
Bisphenol A and phthalates
Polycarbonate baby bottles have replaced glass ones. But not everyone knows that bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in the production of polycarbonate, can come from polycarbonate in liquids.
BPA is very similar to female sex hormones, interfering with normal hormone function and contributing to obesity, breast cancer, heart disease and diabetes. It is especially dangerous for the development of the boy’s reproductive system when he is in his mother’s stomach.
In the United States, they even banned the use of baby bottles that used bisphenol in their production.
Three years ago, Canadian scientists voiced the first warnings about the dangers of BPA. They proved that the substance used in the manufacture of plastic tableware leads to changes in the brain and puts the body at risk of breast or prostate cancer.
Phthalates also need to be added to the list of toxic substances that can pass into fats from plastic dishes. They give plastics elasticity. Phthalates are as toxic as bisphenol. They are found in films in which sausage, cheese and other products are packaged.
Safe use of plastic utensils
Having brought products from the store, they must be immediately transferred from the packaging into glass, metal or ceramic dishes.
If you use plastic utensils at home, then only for cold food and water, since when preparing coffee or soups, the water heats up to 100 ° C. And according to GOST, utensils are tested at temperatures up to 75 ° C, which means that the tests are milder true circumstances in the kitchen.
For cooking and hot food, you can only use fired utensils in which the surface has glazed, and as a result it has become inert to food. Stainless steel and glass behave similarly passively.
When reproducing the text of the article Plastic utensils harm and labeling, in whole or in parts, an active link to the website cooktips.ru is required.
Other articles about cookware for the perfect kitchen.
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Labeling plastic utensils: the harm and benefits of plastic
IN summer period Plastic utensils are gaining popularity. It is quite convenient to transport food in it. As a rule, such things are used on long trips and on picnics. The undoubted advantage of such dishes is their low cost. It's no secret that in most cases it is disposable. The labeling of plastic utensils can tell a lot about its quality. After reading our article, you can easily determine what exactly the signs mean that are located on the bottom of a disposable plate or glass.
History of the creation of plastic tableware
Today, disposable plastic tableware is quite familiar to us. We use it as a lunch box or take it with us on a picnic. Does everyone know exactly when it appeared? You can find out this information in our article.
Plastic utensils were first discovered in the United States of America in 1910. The first to be created was a disposable glass, and then they began to produce forks, plates, spoons and other items known to us today. The first dishes were made of thick paper. It only gained popularity in 1950. And it was at this time that paper began to be replaced by another material, namely plastic.
Plastic dishes in the USSR. Nowadays
In the Soviet Union, such dishes began to appear only in 1960, but they were not popular until 1990. This was due to the lack of fast food establishments. It is worth paying attention to the fact that disposable paper tableware is now gaining popularity again. This is no coincidence, because quite often plastic products for storing food do not meet quality standards. Paper, in turn, is a safe and environmentally friendly material.
To purchase utensils that are harmless to health, you need to know what the markings on plastic utensils mean. You can find out this and much more in our article.
Plastic dishes have a lot of positive qualities. The very first thing consumers pay attention to is the low cost of such a product. It is convenient to transport and there is no need to wash. It is known that plastic dishes are quite durable, but only if there is no excessive load on them. As a rule, due to its positive qualities, it is used for picnics, parties, or simply taken with food to work or on a long trip. The labeling of plastic utensils for food products can tell a lot about its quality and recommendations for use. In order for disposable food containers to bring only benefits, you need to know how to use them correctly.
Today, many cafes and fast food restaurants use plastic disposable tableware because it is cheap, convenient and aesthetically pleasing. It is worth noting that containers for reusable use are also created from this material. Many housewives use them to store bulk substances. Is plastic harmful? You can find out this information in our article.
Harm and negative qualities of plastic and disposable tableware
Few people know, but if used incorrectly, any disposable container can cause irreversible harm to health. To prevent this from happening, you need to know what the labeling of plastic utensils means. The decoding of the markers is provided in our article.
Reusable and disposable tableware is harmful if it is used incorrectly. However, some doctors believe that it carries a certain danger under any circumstances. First of all, experts do not recommend reusing containers that are intended for one-time use. On the second application it releases a large number of substances hazardous to health.
It's no secret that plastic is a material obtained chemically. It is for this reason that when exposed to different products it can behave completely differently. For example, not every disposable glass can be used to drink warm tea. Labeling plastic containers is a great way to find out how a particular container can be used.
Plastic is known to be difficult to degrade. This process takes more than ten years. It is for this reason that this material negatively affects our ecology. To cope with this problem, factories are opening in many cities that process environmentally hazardous material. Unfortunately, there are quite a few such enterprises. It is for this reason that many fast food establishments prefer to use only paper utensils. It is more environmentally friendly and harmless.
Marking on plastic. Polystyrene dishes
In order not to harm your health, you need to know what the markings on plastic utensils mean. The decoding, which is described in our article, is remembered quite simply. This information will definitely be useful to you at a picnic or party, and will also help you maintain your health.
If there is a PS sign on plastic containers, you can be sure that such containers contain polystyrene. If used incorrectly, it is extremely dangerous to health. Plastic containers marked this way can only be used for storing refrigerated foods. The thing is that upon contact with hot food, containers with polystyrene release styrene, which accumulates in vital organs. Over time, this can cause the development of serious diseases. It is also highly recommended not to store alcoholic beverages in such containers or to heat food in the microwave.
Plastic utensils made of polypropylene
Are there plastic utensils for the microwave? The marking and its decoding, which is described in our article, will allow you to find out.
There is an opinion that disposable tableware should never be used in the microwave. However, it is not. On some plastic containers you can find a sign with the number 5 and the symbols PP. This marking indicates that the cookware contains polypropylene. It is in such a container that you can heat food in the microwave and pour hot tea into it. Few people know, but polypropylene dishes do not deform when in contact with contents whose temperature is no more than 100 degrees Celsius.
The only thing that should never be stored in such a container is alcohol. If alcohol is poured into a polypropylene container, the plastic begins to release phenol, from the effects of which a person can completely lose his vision. A polypropylene container has a lot of positive qualities. It is known to be quite durable and retains heat well. Plastic utensils are extremely popular today. Labeling for the consumer is the main source of information that allows you to find out what a particular container is intended for.
What does the triangle of three arrows mean on plastic containers?
You know what the markings on plastic utensils look like. In addition to numbers and letters, there is a triangle sign on it, which consists of three arrows. Not everyone understands what it means. Such a closed cycle of arrows indicates that the used dishes are subject to further recycling. As a rule, there is a number inside the triangle, and several letters below it. They can tell you about the material from which your chosen cookware is made.
Sign with cutlery
The labeling of plastic utensils is the first thing a consumer should pay attention to when purchasing. As we said earlier, if containers are used incorrectly, they can cause irreversible harm to health. Often on plastic utensils you can find a sign with the image of cutlery. This marker indicates that food can be stored in this container. If such a sign is crossed out, then you can be sure that the product is not intended for use in the kitchen.
To protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know and remember what the labeling of plastic utensils means. The decoding, which is described in our article, will allow you to find out what is included in a particular container.
If you go on a picnic with plastic utensils, then under no circumstances burn them after the picnic is over. When burned, disposable containers release substances hazardous to health. Experts strongly recommend not to eat in establishments that use plastic utensils. If you have no other choice, then be sure to pay attention to its quality. Labeling plastic utensils will allow you to find out whether they are used correctly in a particular establishment. A similar situation exists with coffee machines. Often, when there is a strong desire to save money, they use cheaper glasses that are not intended for storing hot drinks.
As we said earlier, never reuse disposable tableware. This rule is not accidental, because in this case, the top layer on the surface of the plastic container is destroyed, and it begins to release life-threatening chemicals.
Gastroenterologists strongly discourage the use of plastic utensils. They emphasize that under any circumstances, some polymers still enter the human body. It is known that over time they accumulate and become causative agents of serious diseases. Experts strongly recommend not using disposable containers or at least paying attention to the recommendations for their use. Labeling plastic utensils will allow you to find out what a particular container is suitable for. Doctors recommend today that you stop using such kitchen items and use only disposable containers made of thick paper.
Let's sum it up
In the warm season, plastic dishes are especially popular. The marking of such containers is described in our article. We strongly recommend that you remember its decoding in order to maintain your health. Plastic dishes have a lot of positive qualities. It is cheap and compact. However, it also has several disadvantages. If used correctly, it will only bring you joy and will not ruin your picnic. Be healthy!
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Harm from plastic dishes
What is plastic
Plastic or plasticOrganic material based on natural or synthetic high-molecular compounds. The most popular type of plastic is made from synthetic polymers.The most common polymer materials (types of plastic):
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Polypropylene
- Polyethylene
- Polystyrene
- Polycarbonate
They are used to produce both technical and food plastics.
Plastics used for the production of products in contact with food and children's assortment must undergo examination for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and be certified. The manufacturer is obliged to label its products. Food-grade plastic has the generally accepted marking - “glass and fork”. It may say that it is intended for cold, bulk or hot foods, for use in the microwave or for freezing, sometimes indicating a temperature range.
Markings on plastic utensils indicate in what cases they can be used
For example, “Snowflakes” indicate that the container is suitable for freezing food, “stove with waves” - that the dishes can be heated in the microwave, and “shower plates” indicate that the containers can be washed in the dishwasher. This marking is also used by some Russian manufacturers.
The harm of plastic
Plastic in its pure form is a rather fragile, fragile material - it cracks in the light and melts in the heat. For strength, stabilizers are added to it. This makes the plastic stronger, but also more toxic. Because of this, the harm of plastic utensils manifests itself.
The polymers themselves are inert, non-toxic and do not “migrate” into food. But intermediate substances, technological additives, solvents, as well as chemical decomposition products can penetrate into food and have a toxic effect on humans. Under certain conditions, plastic releases toxic compounds that, when entering the human body, negatively affect his health.
Over time, decomposition products are released from plastic dishes
This process can occur while food is being stored or when it is heated. In addition, polymer materials are subject to change (aging), as a result of which destruction products are released from them. Moreover different kinds plastics become toxic when different conditions- some cannot be heated, others cannot be washed, etc. Improper use becomes the main cause of damage to plastic utensils.
American scientists claim that up to 80% of “plastic” substances found in the human body come from construction and finishing materials, in particular from the popular plastic windows, furniture, but most of all from dishes: from food plastic, all kinds of compounds pass into food nutrition. Domestic manufacturers assure that certified plastic tableware is absolutely safe - if used as intended.
Advantages of plastic dishes
Compactness, lightness, hygiene, low cost, ease of operation allow you to use plastic utensils outside the home - on the road, outdoors, etc. They do not require washing or cleaning. Therefore, the need for using plastic utensils is growing. Plastic utensils are also used by fast food restaurants, outdoor cafes and snack bars.
Plastic tableware is very popular due to its low cost
Plastic food utensils: how to use
To prevent plastic utensils from causing harm to health, they must be used strictly for their intended purpose. Food grade plastic of different brands has different properties. One brand of this polymer raw material is intended for the production of water bottles, the other for carbonated drink bottles. Yogurt cups are made from a grade of plastic that allows the casting method to produce a lightweight, cheap container that is neutral to milk fat, while pudding cups must resist sugar.
Experts insist: in no case should plastic packaging be used as containers for storing food, and disposable tableware should not be used repeatedly. Disposable packaging should be used for one time only.
How plastic will react to contact with ingredients for which it was not intended, and what compounds may form in this case, no one has studied. Particularly insidious are fats and acids, which can extract free toxic compounds from plastic.
Foods high in sugar and fat should not be cooked in plastic containers. They are heated to the point where the plastic melts and deforms. You need to cook them in a special container that can withstand heating up to 140, 180 or more C.
When using plastic utensils, follow the temperature markings
When reusing disposable plastic tableware, its outer protective layer is damaged, and carcinogenic substances - formaldehyde, phenol, cadmium, lead - begin to be released.
You should not drink alcohol from disposable plastic glasses. Any plastic contains toxic substances that do not dissolve in ordinary cold drinks, but cannot withstand the chemical attack of alcohol.
The release of various compounds from plastic increases many times over when heated. Therefore, only special containers designed for this purpose can be used in a microwave oven.
At home, immediately remove the packaging film from food. Trim off the top layer of food stored in plastic packaging.
Do not use disposable packaging to store food. Store food in glass and ceramic containers. Try to avoid products packaged in plastic whenever possible, preferring loose ones.
Buy baby food only in glass or cardboard. Do not use plastic containers for baby food. Do not microwave food in plastic containers.
Do not keep water in pitcher filters for a long time. In the morning and evening, replace the remaining water with fresh water. A plastic water jug that becomes cloudy should be thrown away.
Also, disposable packaging was not intended for washing, so the result may be unpredictable.
Any polymer material ages under the influence of light, heat, heating and contact with all kinds of substances. Then it becomes cloudy, absorbs odors and ingredients from the contents and releases toxic substances.
Food manufacturers indicate that shelf life applies not only to the product itself, but also to the packaging. This is most true for canned goods. For example, a toxic substance - biphenol - can be found in them.
Plastic film containing biphenol is used to line the inside of cans to prevent the metal from coming into contact with food. From here biphenol can pass into the contents.
It is advisable to replace canned food with fresh or frozen foods.
Transfer food from opened cans into glass containers, even if we are talking about short-term storage (under the influence of oxygen, the corrosion of cans increases sharply and the content of lead and tin in food begins to increase rapidly).
Toxins can accumulate in the body for years, undermining your health. Even small amounts are poisonous if exposed for a long time.
Buy food, plastic utensils and cling film only from reputable manufacturers and only from reliable stores.
Today, there are disposable tableware made from environmentally friendly materials - reed, bamboo, eggshell-based, as well as paper tableware made from cardboard.
An alternative to plastic today is eco-friendly disposable tableware.
ADDITIONALLY
Labeling of plastic utensils
To simplify the sorting of plastic, a special international marking has been developed - triangles formed by arrows with a number inside. The number indicating the type of plastic is located inside the triangle. Below the triangle is a letter abbreviation indicating the type of plastic.
When purchasing plastic utensils, be sure to pay attention to the labeling
PET Polyethylene terephthalate: bottles for carbonated drinks, water, juices, dairy products, vegetable oils, cosmetic products, etc.
Frozen prepared meals in trays that can be reheated in the microwave or oven are made from crystallized polyethylene terephthalate. Its properties remain unchanged in the range from -40º to +250ºС. True, some brands may lose the necessary heat resistance after being subjected to deep cooling.
Buy drinks only in PET bottles and do not reuse them.
PP Polypropylene: medical products, bottle caps, hot dishes, food packaging film
Dishes made of polypropylene (PP marking) are safer. The polypropylene glass can withstand temperatures up to +100°C. You can drink hot tea or coffee from polypropylene glasses; you can heat food in the microwave in plates made from it. But upon contact with strong drinks and alcohol, it releases formaldehyde or phenol. If you drink vodka from such a glass, not only your kidneys, but also your eyesight will suffer. Formaldehyde is also considered a carcinogen.
PS Polystyrene: disposable tableware, cups for dairy products, yogurt, electrical insulating film
Polystyrene is indifferent to cold liquids. But when polystyrene dishes come into contact with hot water or alcohol, they begin to release toxic compounds (monomers) - styrene. It is not recommended to place hot foods in polystyrene plates. Polystyrene plates are often used in summer cafes for barbecue. And along with hot meat and ketchup, the client also receives a dose of toxins - styrene, which accumulate in the liver and kidneys.
Disposable cups can only be used for water. It is better not to drink sour juices, sodas, hot and strong drinks from them. Some coffee machines use polystyrene cups. That is, you cannot drink hot coffee or tea from them.
When purchasing instant products (those that just need to be poured with boiling water), pay attention to the packaging (cup, bag, plate). Although Rospotrebnadzor and certification bodies monitor the safety of materials, nevertheless, manufacturers often use polystyrene packaging. Therefore, it is better to transfer food into ceramic or enamel dishes and then pour boiling water over it.
Cool food before storing it in a container. For hot food and microwave ovens, use only special containers.
Cookware marked PS is intended for cold liquids only.
If there is no marking on the plastic, you can distinguish PS from PP by touch - polystyrene crunches and breaks, and polypropylene wrinkles. Also basic distinctive feature polystyrene bottles - bluish color of the container. And when pressing with a fingernail on PS plastic, a whitish scar (stripe) always remains; on PP plastic, the container will remain smooth.
HDP High Density Polyethylene: packaging bags, garbage bags
PVC Polyvinyl chloride: construction and Decoration Materials, furniture, shoes, medical products, water bottles, cling film
Synthetic poison dioxin can be released from PVC utensils in cases of heating food in microwave ovens, freezing water in freezers. Dioxins accumulate in human adipose tissue and are not eliminated from the body for a very long time (up to 30 years). Dioxin released causes cancer (especially breast cancer).
LDP Low density polyethylene (low pressure): bottles for detergents and edible vegetable oils, toys, pipes, plastic bags.
Other types of plastic are multilayer packaging or combined plastic.
Mayonnaise, ketchup and other sauces, seasonings, juices, jams, ready-made soups and cereals that require heating, sold in bags. Such bags are made from multilayer combined films. The choice of film depends on the properties of the product, the period and conditions of its storage. Soups, cereals, and main courses are packaged in bags made of films that have a high melting point. Dishes in such packaging can be heated in the microwave or boiled directly in the bag. Such dishes can withstand temperatures from -40 to +230° C or more. But physiologists still advise eating them less often.
Dishes made of melamine (polymerized formaldehyde) - it is white, shiny (reminiscent of porcelain), weighs lighter, and does not break. When tapped, melamine dishes produce not a ringing sound, but a dull sound.
Dangerous melamine products are often found in children's dinnerware sets.
Using such utensils is extremely dangerous. To make the dishes stronger, asbestos can be added to it, which is prohibited even in construction (such dishes come to Russia from Turkey, Jordan and China). It cannot be used for hot food. When hot water is poured into melamine dishes, formaldehyde begins to dissolve in the water. Formaldehyde and asbestos can cause cancer. To ensure that the design on such a plate lasts for a long time, paints containing heavy metals, primarily lead, are used.
Plastic has firmly taken its place in our kitchens., on the shelves of which various plastic bowls, storage containers, baking dishes, plates and cups appeared. We drink from plastic, eat from it, store food in it, heat food in the microwave in it. Nowadays, in some European countries, up to 70% of residents eat at home from disposable dishes.
High popularity of plastic dishes due to the fact that it is convenient, light and cheap, and if it is disposable, there is no need to wash it.
Marks on plastic utensils
An international marking was developed for sorting plastic, a triangle formed by arrows with a number inside. The letter code of the plastic may be indicated under the triangle, together with or instead of the number. Plastic packaging is divided into 7 types.
Polyethylene terephthalate PET(E) or PET used for the production of disposable bottles for:
- water,
- soda and beer,
- cosmetic products,
- dairy products,
- vegetable oils.
Reuse is completely prohibited as it may release phthalates.
High pressure polyethylene PEHD (HDPE) or LDPE used for production:
- packaging bags,
- garbage bags,
- milk packaging.
May release carcinogenic formaldehyde.
Polyvinyl chloride V, PVC or PVC used for production:
- finishing and building materials,
- shoes,
- furniture,
- water bottles,
- medical products,
- films for wrapping products.
This plastic is virtually impossible to recycle. May release phthalates, heavy metals, and vinyl chloride upon contact with fatty or hot foods.
Low pressure polyethylene PELD (LDPE) or HDPE used for production:
- detergent bottles,
- pipes,
- toys,
- bags and films for wrapping products.
May release formaldehyde.
Polypropylene PP or PP used for production:
- glasses and jars,
- medical products,
- dishes for hot dishes,
- food packaging film,
- containers for products.
May release formaldehyde
Polystyrene PS or PS used for production:
- hot drink glasses (similar to styrofoam),
- food trays (similar to foam),
- cups for dairy products,
- electrical insulating film,
- food containers,
- forks and spoons.
May release the chemical estrogen and the carcinogen styrene.
Polycarbonate and other plastics O, OTHER or OTHER, used for production:
- baby bottles,
- multilayer packaging,
- combined plastic,
- reusable water bottles.
May release bisphenol A.
Harm from plastic dishes
Studies have shown that plastics can be hazardous to health. Harmful substances from plastic begin to enter food even at the lowest heat, and often at room temperature.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Disposable cups and plates for fast food establishments are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It must not be used in the microwave or filled with hot food. PET dishes have a shelf life of one year, after which harmful substances may begin to be released, as a result of which you cannot stock up on such dishes for future use.
Polystyrene (PS) dishes also do not like high temperatures and are intended for cold food and drinks.
Polypropylene (PP)
Dishes made of polypropylene (PP) can withstand high temperatures, so you can heat food in the microwave. A glass of hot tea can be held in your hand and it will not be hot. The big disadvantage of this cookware is that it does not like fats; when it comes into contact with them, polypropylene breaks down and releases toxic substances.
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate (PC) cookware is the safest and very practical. It looks like ceramic or porcelain dishes. Polycarbonate dishes do not break or oxidize. It is used to make storage containers and baking dishes.
Silicone
Silicone cookware can handle temperatures from -60 to +280 degrees. This material is used to make molds for jelly and ice muffins. Silicone cookware is soft, very slippery and has non-stick properties, so it does not need to be lubricated before use.
Bisphenol A and phthalates
Polycarbonate baby bottles have replaced glass ones. But not everyone knows that bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in the production of polycarbonate, can come from polycarbonate in liquids.
BPA is very similar to female sex hormones, interfering with normal hormone function and contributing to obesity, breast cancer, heart disease and diabetes. It is especially dangerous for the development of the boy’s reproductive system when he is in his mother’s stomach.
In the United States, they even banned the use of baby bottles that used bisphenol in their production.
Three years ago, Canadian scientists voiced the first warnings about the dangers of BPA. They proved that the substance used in the manufacture of plastic tableware leads to changes in the brain and puts the body at risk of breast or prostate cancer.
Phthalates also need to be added to the list of toxic substances that can pass into fats from plastic dishes. They give plastics elasticity. Phthalates are as toxic as bisphenol. They are found in films in which sausage, cheese and other products are packaged.
Safe use of plastic utensils
Having brought products from the store, they must be immediately transferred from the packaging into glass, metal or ceramic dishes.
If you use plastic utensils at home, then only for cold food and water, since when preparing coffee or soups, the water heats up to 100 ° C. And according to GOST, utensils are tested at temperatures up to 75 ° C, which means that the tests are milder true circumstances in the kitchen.
For cooking and hot food, you can only use fired utensils in which the surface has glazed, and as a result it has become inert to food. Stainless steel and glass behave similarly passively.
When reproducing the text of the article Plastic utensils harm and labeling, in whole or in part, an active link to the site is required.
