The suddenly increased relevance of insulating the facade of an apartment is, in particular, associated with the rapid rise in prices of energy resources and housing and communal services tariffs, which necessitates the need to save money and more efficiently use heating resources.

The problem is that most of those currently in use apartment buildings were built almost half a century ago, and their thermal insulation is not nearly as effective as their owners would like.

Statistics show that heat loss through the walls of a house reaches 50% of the total amount of heat loss, which, you see, is more than significant. This indicator primarily depends on the design features of the house itself, for panel houses it is maximum, for brick ones it is somewhat less.

Insulation of apartment facades is beneficial, no matter how you look at it, if you have heating system, then you can save about 20% of the amount previously spent on gas consumption, and if you are connected to central heating– then the average temperature in the room will increase by at least 3-4 degrees (and if you set it, by 5-6).

1 Legal features

According to federal laws, unauthorized changes to the facade apartment building is prohibited, therefore, in order to insulate the walls of an apartment, you will need to obtain permission from the relevant authorities (housing and communal services).

Usually, obtaining a permit is not accompanied by any special difficulties; to do this, you just need to go to the housing and communal services department and talk with the people responsible for this; sometimes you may need to write a petition in your own hand, which indicates that you will take full responsibility for the safety of performing wall insulation work on a multi-story building . However, there are situations in which insulation can be refused.

As a rule, it is difficult to obtain permission to insulate the facades of new houses located in the city center. If you refuse, the only thing left for you is to insulate the walls from the inside of the house, which can also ensure high efficiency of thermal insulation of the apartment.

Moreover, joint insulation of facades with is much better in purely technical terms, since the occurrence of a dew point is prevented, which is formed due to the difference in the freezing temperature of insulated and non-insulated sections of facades, as a result of which the walls of the apartment expand and contract in different ways, which can threaten their acceleration destruction.

Also, if the technology for insulating the walls outside the apartment is incorrect, moisture can get under the insulation, which, when freezing in the cold season, expands and peels off the heat-insulating material from the wall of the house. As you understand, monolithic insulation installed for several apartments at once is less afraid of such troubles.

1.1 Selection of performers

As a rule, all work on facade insulation multi-storey buildings carried out by special companies or industrial climbers. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right contractor who has the necessary knowledge, experience, and all the required permits.

Since insulating the walls of an apartment from the outside is related to high-altitude work, which is directly related to risk, do not be surprised that the cost of paying the contractor will exceed the total cost of materials for the work - professional industrial climbers know the price of their work, and, as a rule, do not work for cheap.

Be sure to require that the performer show you documents such as “License to conduct construction work" and "Permit to carry out high-altitude work", it would also be a good idea to find out feedback from previous clients of this company or a team of workers - whether they are satisfied with the result, how long it took to insulate the walls of the apartment, how the contractor approaches the performance of his duties, etc.

It is also recommended to check with the contractor the addresses of houses in which they have already performed similar work with, and go and look at the quality of the facade insulation. Such precautions, although they take a lot of time, will help you avoid many problems associated with unscrupulous performers in the future.

Once the contractor has been selected, he must draw up design documentation related to the specifics of the work, namely:

• Drawings of apartment facades, with detailed dimensions window frames, cornices, and other architectural elements present on the outside of the house;
• Data on the boundary loads that the walls of the house may experience;
• Thermal insulation class of the walls of the house - this point is the starting point when choosing the material used to insulate the walls of the apartment both outside and inside.

2 Selection of thermal insulation material

Insulation of apartment facades can be done with the following materials:

• Foam plastic;
• Expanded polystyrene;
• Mineral wool (very effective);
• Foam glass.

Each of these heat insulators has its own advantages and disadvantages, which determine the relevance of their use in a specific situation.

Foam insulation is the most budget-friendly, and therefore the most common option. Polystyrene foam can be used to insulate anything and anywhere, even when the effectiveness of a given heat insulator will obviously be lacking. The pursuit of cheapness is the main mistake of most people, since using low-quality thermal insulators you will not get the expected effect from insulation.

In general, if the walls initially have a normal thermal insulation class, then insulating the outside of the building with foam plastic may be quite sufficient. If you decide to insulate your house with polystyrene foam, then keep in mind that the higher the density of this material, the less heat-conducting properties it has, and, as a result, it is better suited for insulation.

Expanded polystyrene is also a fairly inexpensive material, and, at the same time, its thermal insulation properties are an order of magnitude better than those of conventional polystyrene foam.

The advantages of this material include minimal weight, ease of installation (it is great for cladding a corner apartment), and hydrophobicity - expanded polystyrene does not actually absorb water, which has a positive effect on its service life.

The disadvantages of expanded polystyrene are the following: instability to fire (requires the installation of special fire protection jumpers), and lack of sound insulation. Expanded polystyrene, in general, is excellent for both thermal insulation of walls outside and inside the house.

Mineral wool is one of the most effective insulation materials, however, the cost of this material significantly exceeds the cost of analogues, therefore, it is used quite rarely for thermal insulation of facades.

The advantages of mineral wool include fire safety (the material does not burn), hydrophobicity, and good sound insulation properties. Significant disadvantage Mineral wool has only one thing - a relatively large weight, as a result of which its installation on the facade of a building is carried out with a large number of fastenings (dowels).

Foam glass is the most expensive material used to insulate apartment facades. If you are not limited in funds, then you should give preference to it, since this insulation has excellent thermal insulation properties, durability, and hydrophobicity. Foam glass does not burn, it does not harbor fungus, mold, or other microorganisms.

In addition to the insulation itself, you will need to purchase a large number of related materials, such as:

• Construction adhesive, liquid foam, dowels - for fastening;
• Plaster mixture - to level the surface;
• Primer - for additional waterproofing of the insulation, and for better adhesion of the plaster to the paint;
• Mesh for reinforcement - to strengthen the plaster layer;
• Facade paints for - as a rule, housing and communal services require that the insulation be painted with paint that matches the main color of the building.

Payment to the contractor is made upon completion of all work, according to a report drawn up by the foreman, which indicates the entire range of work performed, and the individual cost of each element.

They are used for insulation of pipelines.

The decoration of the facade plays an important role in the perception of the overall appearance of the house. But in addition to its aesthetic function, the facade is designed to protect the building from the harmful effects of precipitation and winds. And if previously the range of materials for facade decoration was limited to tiles, special moisture-resistant whitewash or stone chips, now every owner of a private house can choose the most suitable way facade finishing.

Let's consider the most popular types of finishing of facades of residential buildings and administrative buildings, namely:

• decorative finishing;
• decorative stone;
• facade panels;
• decorative bricks;
• professional sheet.

Decoration with decorative plaster

This method is one of the oldest ways design of the facade of both private cottages and industrial buildings. The only disadvantage of plaster is that it looks beautiful only on a carefully prepared wall.

There are several types of facade plaster:

• The most popular is mineral plaster. With its help you can create an imitation of some elite coatings, as well as all known species finishing "". It is produced by adding various mineral pigments and dyes to the cement-sand mass. Mineral plaster is vapor permeable, so before applying it it is necessary to insulate the house with foam plastic or glass wool. Over time, cracks may appear on the plastered wall. Mineral plaster will last 15-20 years.
• Acrylic plaster more elastic, so the resulting cracks are not so noticeable. Foam plastic is used as insulation when finishing walls with acrylic plaster. This plaster is not suitable for finishing country house or a building located near the road, because it strongly attracts dust and is difficult to clean. Acrylic plaster will also last 15-20 years.
• It is vapor-tight, so any insulation will fit under it. It is a universal type of decorative plaster, because it is not afraid of climatic influences, dust and does not absorb salt. The service life of silicone plaster is 20-25 years. The only drawback is the too high price.

Artificial stone for cladding

This material is durable and allows you to realize any design idea. Thanks to a wide range of textures, artificial stone can be combined with decorative plaster, and brick, and can also be used to decorate the facades of houses and administrative buildings. We recommend that you read the material about.

Fake diamond much cheaper than its natural counterpart, and thanks to its lighter weight and smooth surface it is easy to work with. The only drawback is low thermal insulation.

Facade panels

Cladding panels, otherwise called siding, are successfully used in the system. These panels provide good noise and heat insulation and allow you to hide any defect in the wall (irregularities, crumbling old coating, etc.). We recommend that you read the material about.

There are:

1. metal;
2. woody;
3. polyvinyl chloride panels.

• Metal sandwich panels are steel or aluminum strips coated with polyester. Their advantage is strength, water resistance, resistance to precipitation and temperature changes. Aluminum panels are most often used for finishing industrial buildings, as well as for shopping complexes, where, in addition to appearance, much attention is paid to the strength of the cladding.
• Wooden panels are made by pressing wood fibers under high pressure, after which a special coating is applied to them. These panels are easy to work with, because they are easy to saw and at the same time have high strength. The only downside is that, like everyone else wooden crafts, these panels swell from moisture and dry out in the sun, and are also susceptible to burning.
• PVC panels are absolutely safe because they do not support combustion. They have a wide range of shades and textures, and are also easier to install than metal panels. PVC installation The panels are made taking into account their expansion in the heat, so small gaps are left between the panels, and the fastenings of the panels are not at the edges, but in the middle. The disadvantage is low frost resistance and the appearance of cracks from the cold. They are used mainly for finishing the facade of private houses and administrative buildings.

Decorative brick finishing

Decorative bricks have many forms - from classical rectangular shape to specimens with rounded edges and have both a glossy texture and a surface that imitates chipping. This material is characterized by increased strength and low heat transfer. Thanks to special technology processing and firing decorative brick waterproof and does not attract dust, which allows it to maintain attractive appearance despite exposure to precipitation and high levels of air pollution.

Most often used for finishing private cottages, facades of administrative buildings and fences.

The most popular methods of finishing facades (video)

Facing profiled sheet

It is used primarily for finishing industrial buildings, warehouses and workshops due to its low cost. The main advantages - strength and resistance to chemical attack increase the service life of the profiled sheet up to 50 years. This material is suitable for creating, because when it is installed between load-bearing wall and the sheets themselves leave a gap into which the insulation is laid.

Market of materials used for exterior finishing of buildings for various purposes, truly diverse. Each consumer will be able to choose the most suitable product that is best suited for the implementation of the facade arrangement of both a shopping complex and a small private house. We recommend reading the article about .

In Russia there is no unified document on the insulation of facades of apartment buildings; slightly different rules apply in different cities and regions. In some regions of the country there are state programs for insulating high-rise buildings, and all work is carried out using budget funds. If your home is not one of the lucky ones, then you will have to contact the utility services before performing insulation.

The external walls of the house are common property, even if the apartment is privately owned. Since insulating the facade will change the appearance of the house, coordination with public utilities and local architects. As a rule, there are no problems. You just need to go to the appropriate management authority and write a petition, and the chances of getting a positive response increase if the petition is written simultaneously by several residents who want to insulate their apartments. In addition, joint integral insulation of the facade is many times more effective and better than “patchwork” thermal insulation technology.

Your application may be denied if the house has historical value. In Moscow, it is almost impossible to obtain permission to insulate just one apartment - work can only be carried out if the entire house is insulated at once. In some regions, insulation will be possible if all residents of the house do not mind.

In Ukraine, the external walls of the house are also the joint property of the residents, and, in theory, all decisions regarding changes to their appearance should be made at appropriate meetings. In practice, no one does this; everyone insulates themselves without asking permission from their neighbors. Such amateur activity may end in court or a meeting of owners who collectively decide to dismantle the insulation, and this decision will be completely legal. In fact, there are practically no precedents.

No. 3. Who pays for the insulation of an apartment building?

If you decide to insulate only the outer walls of your apartment and haven’t asked anyone, then you’ll have to pay for everything yourself. There is a more attractive option, but it requires the active participation of all residents of the house. If you prove that the house needs insulation, and without it it is not suitable for normal living, then you can receive funds for insulation from the council budget or management company. In addition, in some regions there are programs on gradual comprehensive insulation of apartment buildings.

Residents of Ukraine can also save significantly on. There are government programs aimed at increasing the thermal efficiency of residential buildings. They only apply to houses that are fully insulated and not insulated in spots. Of course, the agreement of all necessary details will require time and patience, but comprehensive insulation will give much top scores, and all the work will cost much less than with individual “patchwork” insulation. State programs provide for reimbursement of up to 50% of the cost of insulation work. Banks offer preferential lending conditions for apartment insulation: the state repays from 30-40 to 70% of the loan.

No. 4. What's wrong with spot insulation of an apartment building?

As soon as we drive through a number of post-Soviet cities, we will see the same unpleasing picture - the walls of high-rise buildings are completely covered with stains different color. These are residents trying to make their apartment more comfortable. Of course, this sight does not cause disgust, irritation, or any other negative reactions in anyone, but the main problem is not even the appearance, but the quality of such insulation, its durability and the safety of the walls of the house.

The boundaries of the insulation of a separate apartment run exactly along the floor slabs. In these places the dew point shifts sharply from the insulation into the wall, which leads to moisture condensation and the risk of mold, and the fungus can appear both in the insulated apartment (at the junction of the wall with the ceiling and floor) and in neighboring apartments. Temperature difference façade wall in neighboring areas also does not benefit the house. As a result, we can talk not only about the problem high humidity, but also the gradual destruction of the main wall.

One more problem - constant wetness of the upper end of the thermal insulation. Although they try in every possible way to protect it from precipitation, the constant exposure to moisture and the accumulation of snow gradually destroys the adhesive fastening of the thermal insulation and allows water to enter. It is difficult to create a continuous contour of thermal insulation, therefore complete tightness of the insulation area is practically impossible. We will not mention the aesthetic problem of spot insulation anymore.

Ideally, it is necessary to negotiate and insulate the façade of the house completely, from to , especially since it will cost less than individual insulation, even if you do not use any programs or benefits.

No. 5. Technologies for insulating the facade of an apartment building

There are two fundamentally different ways insulation of the facade of a high-rise building:

No. 6. Choosing a material for insulating an apartment building

Today, polystyrene foam is often used to insulate apartment buildings. mineral wool, but there are many more options, and each of them will be most preferable in specific cases. So, You can choose from the following options:

It’s worth paying just a little attention to studying various technologies and insulation materials, choosing a reliable contractor, in order to enjoy comfort in your apartment for years and save on utilities. If you use all your communication and organizational skills, then you can insulate the entire house and your apartment in particular very cheaply. Since it is sometimes impossible to come to an agreement with neighbors, and spot insulation cannot be avoided, then at least try to find the most qualified and responsible team of performers and ask what materials they use.

The exterior decoration of any building is designed to ensure not only the attractiveness of the facade, but its reliability and additional insulation. The facades of multi-storey buildings are no exception to the rule; they also require finishing with various materials.

On Internet pages and in catalogs of construction companies engaged in facade works V residential buildings, you can find many photos of luxurious facades. But in reality, it is very problematic to complete some projects, because multi-story houses must fit into the architecture of the city.

Special points when finishing multi-storey buildings

Facade finishing high-rise buildings, residential or other purposes, has several nuances.

• Facade work on multi-storey buildings is more complex in execution technology. Therefore, they take longer compared to low-rise buildings.
• For these purposes it is necessary to use scaffolding.
• In some cases, the services of industrial climbers are necessary.

Advice! To save a little money, you can rent scaffolding and use the services of climbers only when necessary.

Finishes used

At the moment, two main finishing methods are widely used.

Wet facades

This finishing method involves the use of a variety of facade plasters or various facing tiles. As can be seen in the photo, this method is characterized by structural integrity and reliability of the coating. However, the complexity of the process and the availability large quantity construction waste limit the use of this method. One of the advantages is the affordable price of plastering facade work.

Ventilated facades

This modern version finishing the facades of residential buildings is optimal for multi-storey buildings. Such systems are characterized by the following indicators:

• This finish is distinguished by the presence of an air gap between the outer surface of the wall and the facing material. This helps prevent the formation and accumulation of condensation on the inner surface of the insulation. Which, in turn, extends the service life of the insulation itself and the structure as a whole.
• Such hanging systems allow the use of the most various materials as cladding panels, which allows you to create the original appearance of the building.
• Installing ventilated systems allows you not only to give an aesthetic appearance to your home, but also, using modern insulation, to achieve a significant reduction in heating costs.

It is this technology that is most often used when finishing the facades of multi-storey buildings for various purposes.

Advice! If you want to keep up with the times and use in construction modern technologies– choose ventilated curtain facades.

Materials for ventilated facades

The panels used for the installation of ventilated facades can be very diverse. The most used are:

• Aluminum panels - with low weight, have high mechanical strength and durability, and increased anti-corrosion properties. A façade like the one in the photo looks great and gives solidity. appearance building.
• Vinyl panels are also lightweight. This cladding material is easy to install, flexible and somewhat cheaper than aluminum panels, which plays a role when cladding large areas.

• Facade panels from composite materials durable and practical. Light weight and convenient size panels allows you to easily and quickly create an original and fresh building design.

Advice! Material selection and general style multi-story building within the city limits must be approved by the relevant authorities.

Choosing a material for cladding the facade of a multi-story building is quite a difficult task. In addition to some approvals, it is necessary to take into account the cost and characteristics of the material and pay Special attention professionalism of the installers.