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Natalya Bezruchenko 03.24.2014 | 2464

These magnificent beautiful plants most likely owe their name to the soft velvety tint of red-brown petals and the warm color of the flowers. These plants look great in mixborders, flower beds, balcony and window boxes, and hanging baskets.

The plants are thermophilic and do not tolerate frost at all. Young seedlings are especially sensitive to cold. However, tagetes are resistant to high temperatures. True, this reduces the intensity of growth and flowering.

Optimal conditions

Suitable temperature For good growth and the flowering temperature of marigolds is 18-20°C. At temperatures below 10°C, the leaves turn red (anthocyanin color appears) and growth stops, and at a slight sub-zero temperature the plants die completely.

Planted out tagetes in open sunny places (although they tolerate slight shading), where they reach the peak of their decorative value (especially thin-leaved ones). In partial shade, marigolds also look quite decorative, but in dense shade they grow frail, pale, with small, sparse, sometimes even underdeveloped inflorescences.

Anything will suit them, but not very clayey the soil. But an excess of nitrogen in it or frequent nitrogen fertilizing provokes strong growth of green mass to the detriment of flowering. That's why feed tagetes are better complex mineral fertilizers.

Marigolds are considered drought-resistant plants, but for the full formation of the bush and abundant flowering they need regular watering at the beginning of growth. But the main thing here is not to overdo it, because excess moisture in the soil can cause the death of plants from rotting and fungal diseases.

Reproduction

Sown seeds directly into the ground when the danger of frost has passed and the top layer of soil has warmed up to 15-20°C. Tagetes can also be grown through seedlings. To do this, the seeds are sown in a greenhouse or in a bed under film 40-45 days (in the second half of March) before planting it in the ground. Shoots appear in 8-12 days. During the growing season, the plants are watered, fed 2-3 times (fresh manure is not used, as this has a negative effect on flowering), weeds are pulled out, and the soil is loosened. Moderate watering is necessary when the soil dries out.

Diseases and pests

The great advantage of marigolds is their resistance to pests and diseases. Phytoncides secreted by leaves repel insects, including those living in the soil. And yet sometimes they get hit blackleg, gray rot,root rot And stem base caused by fungi.

Control measures. Before flowering, plants are treated with Hom (40 g/10 l of water), using 2 l of solution per 1 sq.m.

• Marigolds are very good predecessors for gladioli, asters, tulips and other plants, as they have the ability to disinfect the soil.

• It has been noticed that where marigolds grow, there are fewer clusters of pests. In addition, the substances secreted by their roots reduce the damage to other plants by fungal diseases and especially fusarium, and protect against certain types of nematodes.

• Phytoncides that plants secrete (it is to them that marigolds owe their unique smell) repel harmful insects. Even the Colorado potato beetle is afraid of them. Therefore, if you plant a plot of potatoes around the perimeter with marigolds, you can save time and effort that we spend on pest control.

• Even plants slightly touched by frost and having lost their decorative value can be beneficial. Do not rush to burn them - they will disinfect the compost in the compost heap.

Marigolds belong to the Asteraceae family. In ornamental gardening, three types are used: erect, or African - T. erecta L., rejected, or French - T. patula L., thin-leaved, or Mexican - T. tenuifolia Cav.

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Biological description of the flower

Latin name: Tagetes, Family: Compositae, Homeland of marigolds: Mexico

Growing: lung, Location: good lighting, Temperature: 18-26°C, Watering: moderate and regular

Bloom: in summer, Height: 20-50 cm, Transplantation: -, Caring for marigolds: removing faded inflorescences and dry leaves.

The genus Tagetes includes about 50 herbaceous annual and perennial plants. Hybrids with double flowers (up to 15 cm in diameter), whose inflorescences are shaped like carnations, are popular among gardeners.

The color of the inflorescences varies from lemon yellow to orange and mahogany.

The petals are sometimes decorated with fringe. The leaves are usually dark green, shiny, pinnately divided.

Using hybridization and selection, dwarf marigold species (20-25 cm tall) were obtained from the species Tagetes tenuifolia.

Due to their abundant and long flowering, they are widely cultivated. marigolds erecta(Tagetes erecta). When their stem or leaves are broken, an unpleasant odor appears.

Also widespread spreading marigolds(Tagetes patula), growing up to 45 cm.

When choosing marigolds, make sure that the plant has a strong stem, is not elongated and does not have yellow leaves at the base. Seeds can be purchased in specialized stores.

Growing marigolds

Marigolds are completely unpretentious. Mainly popular annual varieties, which are grown from seeds or purchased as seedlings at the beginning of the season.

From spring to autumn, marigolds can be grown in pots, bowls, in boxes on windowsills, alone or with other annuals.

In the house, a place near the window, where direct sunlight falls, is suitable. These plants do not need feeding; they usually need a light organic fertilizer at the beginning of the season.

Location for the flower

Marigolds need good lighting. Due to lack of light, plants become longer, bloom less, and their inflorescences become less bright.

Temperature

Optimal temperature for growing marigolds - 18-20 °C, although lower temperatures (up to 8-10 °C) do not harm them. These plants can easily tolerate summer heat.

Watering marigolds

Plants are watered moderately even in the hottest times so that the water does not stagnate. It is recommended not to water the plants too much cold water, early morning.

Marigold propagation

Marigolds are sown for seedlings in March, the seeds are only lightly covered with soil. Maintain a temperature of about 18 degrees.

The seedlings are transplanted into separate pots about a month after sowing. For replanting, garden soil or a well-drained soil mixture, dried and not too fertile, is used.

Diseases and pests

As a result of infection by the fungus, marigolds can rot and become covered with gray mold if this occurs in summer months, it is necessary to water in the morning, but in such a way that the soil layer dries out in the evening.

Anti-mold medications can also be used. If this fungus infects marigolds in the fall, the plants must be destroyed. Phytophthora cryptogea can cause plant neck rot.

This is a fairly common fungus, like Fusarium oxysporum, which causes plants to wilt quickly. Use ready-made sterilized soil mixture for planting.

Velvet harbingers of summer

Marigolds, tagetes or marigold are favorite plants in flowerbeds, blooming from early summer until frost.

There are more than 30 species of marigolds, most of which are annuals. In the wild, marigolds are native to Central and South America, but have also been introduced to Africa and Australia, where they have become weeds, self-seeding in hot climates. Residents of these countries use some types of marigolds for food and as medicinal plants, and their aromatic oils are used in the perfumery and cosmetics industry and as a flavoring agent for tobacco products. In India. In Nepal and Thailand, garlands of marigolds have long been used in religious services, carnivals and weddings. In Europe, marigolds began to be grown in gardens and flower beds back in the 16th century; many of their varieties were bred in France.

Such different marigolds

Different varieties of marigolds can be from 15 cm to 1.5 m in height. Small varieties placed on flowerbeds, borders and ridges, tall ones - planted alone

In order not to get confused in their diversity, all marigolds are divided into giant (above 90 cm), tall (60-90 cm), medium (40-50 cm), low (25-40 cm) and dwarf (15-20 cm).

night landings. Their white, cream, yellow, orange, reddish, brown or variegated inflorescences can be from 1 to 7 cm in diameter and have a peculiar smell. According to the types of inflorescences, they can be carnation-flowered and chrysanthemum-shaped. as well as terry, semi-double and simple. The most common ones in our country are rejected marigolds (French), erect marigolds (African) and thin-leaved marigolds (Mexican).

Planting and growing marigolds

Marigolds can grow in shade, but they become most beautiful and vibrant in areas exposed to the sun. They are drought-tolerant plants and do not tolerate excess moisture in the soil, so it is better for them to have good drainage. Marigolds grow best in fertile loamy soils.

Medicine in the garden

An infusion of marigold leaves has long been used by humans as a diuretic, anthelmintic and diaphoretic. In addition, marigolds are an excellent medicine For garden plants. To destroy pathogens in the fall, marigolds are buried in the soil. An infusion of marigold flowers can be used to spray plants against fungal diseases and to treat tubers and bulbs before planting.

Seeds can be sown immediately open ground at the end of May or grow through seedlings on a windowsill. Shoots appear on the 4-7th day after sowing; they need to be picked when the second pair of leaves appears.

Marigolds bloom two months after sowing, so if you sow seeds for seedlings in early April, flowering will begin in June.

Marigolds easily tolerate transplantation even in adulthood.

They can be planted with tomatoes, eggplants and potatoes to protect these crops from pests.

Marigolds have very strong phytoncidal properties, so they are rarely overgrown with weeds. You can collect seeds from them, but you must remember that most varieties of marigolds are hybrids and when sowing such seeds, plants with a different color or flower shape may grow.

Marigolds in cooking

Marigold leaves have a musky aroma and bitter taste; they have long been used as a spice in many countries and are also added to salads.

In some European countries and Latin America, dried marigold flowers are used as a seasoning known as Imeretian saffron.

Marigold essential oil is used in the confectionery industry (for oriental sweets) and for the production of liqueurs and liqueurs. They also contain a natural preservative - ascorbic acid, so the flowers are added to the marinade when canning vegetables.

Also in European countries, food coloring is produced from marigold flowers for flour, dairy, confectionery, mayonnaise and mustard, giving them a golden color.

Carefully! Some people may experience an allergic reaction or skin irritation from touching marigolds.

Marigolds - information from the "Encyclopedia of Flowers"

Marigold (black-browed) is an ornamental and medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family, growing wild in South, North and Central America. It is widely grown as an essential oil crop in Latin American countries. France. Morocco. In the Caucasus, marigold flowers have long served as an inexpensive substitute for saffron (Imereti saffron).

It is a herbaceous annual with a strongly branched, strong stem and pinnately dissected leaves of a rich green color. Bright yellow or orange, sometimes brown inflorescences-baskets consist of reed and tubular flowers. Flowering is long, from June until frost. The fruit is a long black or brown flattened achene. Seeds remain viable for up to four years.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES.

The leaves and inflorescences of marigolds contain ascorbic acid, carotene, B vitamins, essential oils. They are consumed fresh in salads, added to vegetable dishes, pickles and marinades, dried crushed leaves and flowers are added to baked goods. The flowers are often used as a spice, and the oil is used in the alcoholic beverage industry and perfumery. An infusion of flower baskets is an effective diaphoretic, diuretic and anthelmintic. Allergic reactions are possible when consuming the infusion.

Marigolds are often planted not only as decorative and medicinal plant, but also to combat nematodes, bedbugs, Colorado potato beetles and other pests of vegetable and berry crops.

GROWING CONDITIONS.

Marigolds are quite unpretentious, grow on any soil (but prefer fertile and loose soil), are moisture-loving (although they can tolerate drought), and love light. Plants are not frost-resistant and die even at slightly sub-zero temperatures.

PLANTING AND CARE.

Marigolds are grown through seedlings, sowing seeds in small pots or cassettes in early April. Seedlings with a lump of earth are planted on permanent place when the threat of frost has passed. Care consists of weeding, removing faded buds, loosening the soil and watering in hot weather. Frequent fertilization of plants (more than twice per season) stimulates growth, but inhibits flowering.

DISEASES AND PESTS.

Dangerous diseases include blackleg (at an early age), root rot And viral diseases. Preventive measures: crop rotation, moderate regular watering, sparse planting, non-use of fresh organic fertilizers. Sick and affected plants are destroyed. Frequent pests of marigolds are slugs and spider mites. The fight against ticks consists of humidifying the air (indoors) and spraying the affected plants with tobacco infusion (200 g of tobacco or shag, pour 3 liters of water, leave for 24 hours). The finished infusion is filtered and diluted with water to 10 liters. Add 50 g to the solution for better adhesion laundry soap. Slugs are collected from the leaves by hand, and the soil around the plantings is sprinkled with ash or lime.

All marigolds have medicinal properties. However, there are many unusual decorative varieties. Of the thin-leaved marigolds, which have a highly branched bush and often simple inflorescences, the following are known: ‘Lemon Gem’. ‘Starfire’, ‘Karina orange’. 'Golden Ring'. 'Dwarf'. Varieties of rejected marigolds (‘Gold Kopchen’, ‘Gold Ball’, ‘Orange flamme’, ‘Queen Sophia’, ‘Carmen’, ‘Harlequin’, etc.) have low bushes with simple, double or semi-double baskets. Erect marigolds (‘Gold Dollar’, ‘Goldlicht’, ‘Kilimanjaro’ and ‘Eskimo’ (white-flowered), ‘Sonnenschein’, ‘Zitronen preis’) are distinguished by tall bushes and large double inflorescences.

Marigolds, or Tagetes

Growing

They develop better in an open, well-lit area, grow well and bloom longer in partial shade.

They can be damaged by return frosts, often die in the fall from frost, and that’s it. life cycle ends.

The ideal soil is as fertile as possible, the pH level is neutral, and the soil type is loam. They also grow on sandy loams, black soils, and gray forest soils.

The soil needs to be kept slightly moist, but marigolds do not tolerate excessive moisture, especially on initial stage growth.

Twice a season, with a break of a month, apply nitroammophoska (1 tbsp/sq.m.).

Marigolds can be sown as seedlings in April or in open ground in May-early June.

They tolerate transplantation well even in bloom.

Contraindications for marigolds

Individual intolerance, pregnancy and lactation, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage.

Recipes with marigolds

For pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, arthritis.

Pour 1 tablespoon of boiling water over one crushed and dried flower, boil for 15 minutes. in a water bath, cool, strain and squeeze out the raw materials, add boiled water up to 200 ml Take a quarter glass 3-4 times a day.

For diabetes, pancreatitis, bronchitis. Pour 20 crushed dried flowers into 0.5 liters of vodka, leave for 14 days in a dark place, shaking occasionally. Strain and take 1 tsp. 3 times a day between meals or before.

For the treatment of wounds and burns. 1 tbsp. crushed dried flowers and 10-12 tbsp. vegetable oil mix thoroughly, leave to infuse for 3 hours, strain if possible. Apply a thin layer of oil 4-5 times a day, after a while rinse with warm water.

Marigolds are native to Mexico, so they tolerate heat well and do not need much watering. Varieties of marigolds with simple flowers in fact, they do not get sick due to waterlogging (even on an open balcony in rainy weather), but they cannot withstand even mild frosts.

Marigolds are usually bushes up to 25 cm high. With the exception of dwarf forms, they are more suitable for balcony containers than for keeping in a room. The flowers are yellow or orange and may have red or maroon speckles. Depending on the variety, the flowers are simple or double.

Varieties: with simple flowers - Cinna bar; with bright yellow flowers - Pascal, Susie Wong; Ruffle Red; with terry ones - Golden Ball, Orange Beauty, Queen Sophie, Gold, Baby.

In addition to the popular T. patula, two more types of marigolds are usually grown: T. signata - with small flowers, dwarf; T. erata, African marigolds, are tall with large double flowers.

Illumination: maximum possible; the plant should be in the shade for no more than 2-3 hours, provided that the rest of the day it will be brightly lit.

Temperature: Marigolds do not tolerate frost.

Watering: seedlings should grow in moist soil. Overwatering is harmful to adult plants, so the soil should dry out completely between waterings.

Air humidity: keep the plant in dry air. Do not spray double flowers, otherwise they may rot.

The soil: fertile clay mixture.

Feeding: Feed the marigolds monthly with liquid fertilizers diluted 2 times weaker than the manufacturer recommends. You can use fertilizer in stick form.

Reproduction: Marigold seeds are large and germinate easily. Sow them in a container in early spring, covering with a layer of soil. Keep the crops at 16 °C. Seeds germinate in approximately 3 days. Approximately 10 days after sowing, plant the seedlings in boxes or individually in separate pots. Provide plants good lighting and an influx of fresh air. Plant in balcony containers when the danger of frost has passed.

Appearance care: remove faded blossoms to encourage new flowers to grow faster.

Features of caring for marigolds

Marigolds do not tolerate hypothermia, so they must be protected from the cold, especially young plants before frost. In glazed unheated loggias, close and insulate the frames. If marigolds grow on an open balcony, cover the plants cardboard boxes or pieces of foam.

To grow marigolds, you don't need to be experienced florist. Even if you have never done landscaping before, have not planted a single seed in the ground, but you have a desire to decorate your balcony or garden, then marigold flowers are perfect solution for this.

They are unpretentious, drought-resistant, and not picky about the soil. Surprisingly, such a non-capricious character is combined with the highest decorative qualities. And this, you see, is rather rare! There are several types of marigolds, and there are simply countless varieties that have been bred.

Marigolds can be either low or tall, with small and large inflorescences, the most different shades: white, yellow, orange, red. With the help of this variety, almost any decorative composition can be brought to life. Many beginners do not even know theoretical information about how to grow marigolds. They simply throw seeds into the ground and soon everything is growing and heading. But we won’t rely on chance; some knowledge about the intricacies of growing marigolds will definitely come in handy. Marigolds are flowers that will make your balcony bright

Marigolds: growing seedlings or sowing in open ground?

Marigolds quickly vegetate and bloom within 1.5-2 months after sowing. Relatively cold-resistant and unpretentious, they germinate well when planted immediately in a permanent place: in open ground or balcony boxes.

In shelters, films and special protection marigold sprouts are not needed. At the same time, sowing marigolds for permanent residence can be done only after the risk of return frosts has passed and stable night temperatures have established above +5°C. Therefore, when deciding when to plant marigolds, you need to focus on weather conditions.

In warm regions, sowing work can be carried out as early as mid-April, in conditions middle zone- in the beginning of May. When sown in the ground, flowering occurs in late June - early July. To speed up flowering and thus prolong growing season life of marigolds, you can go the other way: grow seedlings of these flowers at home, so that when the weather warms up, you can plant not seeds in the ground, but already fully grown (often flowering!) plants.

When to sow marigolds for seedlings?

Sowing marigolds for seedlings is carried out in early March - April. Then flowering can be expected at the end of May - beginning of June. This is the most optimal time. Some gardeners are in a hurry and sow marigolds in February.

However, firstly, at this time the days are still quite dark, natural light will be missed. Lighting will be required. Secondly, with such early sowing flowering will begin in late March - early April. It is too early to plant in open ground.

Consider whether you can support growing bushes at home. However, if you are growing seedlings for a glazed southern balcony, where temperatures reach +5...+10°C already in March, then sow marigolds even in January, of course, with additional lighting, otherwise the seedlings will stretch out.

Marigolds: planting, picking, caring for seedlings

Planting marigold seedlings is carried out in plastic boxes, cups or cassettes. The soil can be almost anything, but it must be neutral. Garden soil mixed with sand and a small amount of peat is suitable.

If you don’t want to make the mixture yourself, you can purchase universal soil for gardening or indoor plants with neutral acidity.B planting soil make grooves 1 cm deep, where marigold seeds are placed at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. Sprinkle the furrows with earth, water the plantings well and place the container with the crops on the windowsill at a temperature of 22-25°C.

Now all we have to do is wait. Sprouts appear, on average, after 2-4 days. In some cases (if the seeds are old or the varieties are slow to germinate), these periods can extend to 7-8 days. Sowing marigold seeds for seedlings After the emergence of seedlings, their temperature can be reduced to 18-20°C to avoid stretching the sprouts and obtain stronger , dense seedlings. Emerged sprouts of marigolds need to be watered on time; they don’t need anything else. Unlike growing seedlings of petunia or other delicate garden flowers, young sprouts of marigolds do not need to be covered with film to maintain a stable, humid microclimate.

These flowers are quite hardy from the very infancy; they will not dry out and begin to fall, even if you forget to water them on time. You can fertilize marigolds, like any other plants, only 2 weeks after planting, picking or replanting.

That is, when the beneficial substances in the soil are used up. When 2-3 true (carved) leaves appear, marigold sprouts dive into separate cups, deepening the stems to the cotyledons. This allows you to visually reduce the elongated stem and make it more powerful. root system(additional roots will appear on the buried stem). Picking marigolds into separate cassettes Picking marigolds causes a sharp jump in their growth due to an increase in the allocated volume of soil. Very soon, literally in 2-3 weeks, the roots of the sprouts will completely entwine the soil plastic cup and will be ready for planting in a flower bed, flower garden or balcony containers. Marigold seedlings are ready for planting in a permanent place! Marigolds are planted in the ground for permanent residence at a distance:

• low-growing varieties - 10-15 cm from each other; medium-growing - 20 cm; tall - 30-40 cm.

It is necessary to maintain a distance between marigolds of at least 10-15 cm, otherwise, as the bushes grow, they will suppress each other

Marigolds: caring for adult plants

Growing marigolds at home or in an outdoor flower bed will yield excellent results if you follow several rules: 1. The place where marigolds are planted should be sunny.

Suitable for southern, eastern or western balconies, flower beds on open areas or near the light sides of buildings. If you have a northern balcony or a shady area in the OG, then it is also possible to try growing marigolds.

But be prepared for the fact that flowering will be weak and, perhaps, will stop completely by August.2. You should try to water marigolds, especially those planted in containers and pots, every day. On hot days - morning and evening.

Marigolds are drought-resistant, but insufficient watering suffers them appearance: lower leaves begin to turn yellow and dry out.3. Marigold roots love to “breathe.”

Therefore, at least once a week, loosen the top layer of soil with plantings using a stick, spatula, or hand cultivator. Often this technique improves the appearance of the plant and even stimulates flowering!4.

For abundant flowering, faded buds must be removed, otherwise the ripening seeds will begin to draw on the vital forces of the plant.5. Take care of regular feeding, especially if you grow marigolds indoors.

The soil in containers and pots is quickly depleted and without outside fertilization, marigolds will almost certainly stop flowering.6. If marigolds begin to show signs of poor bloom by mid-summer, trim them back.

Summer pruning will renew the bushes and cause a new wave of flowering. Growing marigolds at home is something that even a novice gardener can do. If these conditions are met, there will be no problems with marigolds. Abundant flowering, compact branched bushes, lush openwork foliage - all this, combined with absolute problem-freeness, will make marigolds the sunny “stars” in your summer flower arrangements.

You might also be interested in this:

Growing marigolds

These belong to the Asteraceae family. Their height reaches 80 cm. The flowers are orange, dark brown and yellow.

These flowers are very popular because they are drought-resistant and rapid growth, and there is nothing complicated in growing them.

Growing from seeds

Marigolds can be grown either from seeds or seedlings. Seed ripening occurs in the second half of summer. Their germination persists for two to three years. Of course, many people have a question - when to sow marigold seeds?

Seeds are sown in open ground at the end of April or even a little later. The main thing is that the threat of frost has passed, and the soil has warmed up to 15-20 ° C to a depth of 5 cm. The seeds are sown shallowly - 2-2.5 cm.

The plants hatch within 5-10 days. Flowers bloom after sowing 1.5-2 months later. To speed up flowering, they are sown a week and a half earlier than usual. But at the same time, the soil is covered with non-woven material.

The plants in question, regardless of age, tolerate transplantation painlessly.

Growing seedlings

For seeds, they are sown in a prepared container with loose soil in January. The optimal temperature for seed germination is 15-25°C. Shoots also appear after 5-10 days.

After the second true leaf appears, the plant is planted in boxes or pots. The distance between them should be about 8 cm, the growing temperature should be 12–18°C. Plant seedlings in open ground after the last spring frosts have passed.

When planting, you need to monitor the distance between them - 15-20 cm. If this medium-growing varieties, then 20-30 cm, tall ones more than 40 cm.

How to care for marigolds

Plants perform best in sunny areas, although they can also grow without direct sunlight. Spring and autumn frosts are treated very poorly.

Like many other plants, marigolds need well-moistened soil in the first half of summer. In order for the plants to be healthy it is necessary to perform. Excess moisture should be avoided.

Otherwise, the plants are susceptible to fungal diseases of the root system and simply die. While growing, you need to constantly loosen and weed the soil. This allows the plants to breathe and avoid dense soil.

Plants are pruned in summer, resulting in lush bushes. It is also worth taking care to remove faded inflorescences. After the plant fades and withers, it must be removed from the site.

Varieties of marigolds

Currently, there is a wide variety, or rather their hybrids. Next, we list their main types. These plants reach a height of 20-40 cm, are annual, compact in shape, densely branched.

The shoots are light green, straight, bare. The leaves are doubly pinnate, small, with sharply toothed narrow lobes, with punctate glands.

The inflorescences are small with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm and are yellow and yellow-orange in color. . The plants are also annuals with a height of 20-70 cm, the shoots are thin, the inflorescences are relatively small. The color of the inflorescences is one-color or two-color, they can also be double or simple..

Annual plants reaching a height of 1 m. The stem is erect, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, pinnately dissected. The inflorescences are densely double and large.

As for the color of the inflorescences, it is monochromatic - yellow, white, orange, light yellow, cream, orange. The flowering period is from June to September. The best option fertile soils are suitable for cultivation. Greetings to the creators of beautiful gardens!

This time I’ll tell you about growing marigolds. Although Tagetes (another name for these beautiful and useful flowers) are quite unpretentious, but they, like any other crop, have certain requirements for growing conditions.

You will find out exactly what you need to consider when growing marigolds by reading this article. First, some specific requirements. Marigolds prefer soils that are light in mechanical composition, moderately fertile loams with a slightly acidic and neutral environment. Tagetes - heat-loving crop, which does not tolerate frost at all.

Plants are very resistant to drought. However, at the initial stage of growth and development they need sufficient moisture. To plant marigolds, choose open areas or light partial shade.

In heavily shaded areas, plants stretch out and, most importantly, bloom poorly. Tall varieties and hybrids are the most demanding of temperature and soil. In a previous article, I already talked about the types and varieties of marigolds, as well as how they are useful for the garden.

How to grow marigolds

The main method of propagation of Tagetes is with the help of seeds. Hybrids can be propagated by stem cuttings, which take root well in water. When growing marigolds from seeds, it is advisable to take fresh seeds.

The period during which marigold seeds retain good germination is 2 years. For sowing, you can use both dry and pre-soaked in water. room temperature and sprouted seeds.

Sowing sprouted seeds allows you to obtain optimal sowing density. Growing marigolds is possible both through direct sowing in the ground and with the help of seedlings. Seeds are sown in the ground from late May to early June. Using non-woven covering material, sowing is possible in mid-May (or even earlier in warmer regions). But when should marigolds be planted? There are several factors to consider:

1. How long has the weather been cool in your region and is return frost possible? Remember that young Tagetes plants do not like frost and may die if they are exposed to bad weather. You need to consider when you want to get flowering plants. Both when growing marigolds through direct sowing in open ground, and when seedling method Please note that from the beginning of sowing to the onset of flowering, plants require an average of about 2 months (from 1.5 to 2.5 months, which depends on the growing conditions and on the type or variety of the plant).

So, sowing seeds to obtain seedlings is carried out on March 15-April 10. With more late sowing Plants bloom only in July. When organizing additional lighting and creating the necessary temperature regime Marigolds are sown in January-February.

Then the flowering period begins in April-May. Seedling boxes with soil are prepared for sowing seeds. The seeds are sown in furrows 1 cm deep in increments of 3-4 cm. The furrows are sprinkled with a mixture of garden soil and sand (1:1) on top. At +22...+25°C, the first sprouts appear on days 4-6.

For normal development seedlings require a lower temperature of +18...+20°C. When 1-2 true leaves appear, the seedlings dive into boxes according to the 7-7 cm pattern. This avoids shading and stretching of seedlings. Marigolds easily tolerate not only picking, but also replanting ( even at the flowering stage).

In this regard, they are not at all capricious, unlike nasturtiums. Growing marigold seedlings using greenhouses and film greenhouses allows you to obtain the strongest seedlings. Planting marigold seedlings in a permanent place is carried out depending on the weather conditions of the region. In warmer regions, this may even be the end of April, but more often - early-mid May.

But in cold regions this is possible only in early June. How to plant marigolds To plant marigolds in a permanent place, small holes are prepared and planted in the ground according to the following scheme:

• 20-20 cm – for low-growing varieties and hybrids; 30-30 cm – for medium-sized people; 40-40 cm – for tall ones.

Remember also that marigolds are also desirable in many garden beds. The planted plants are watered with warm water. If you did not have time to grow your seedlings this year, you can purchase them at garden centers, markets or from friends and acquaintances.

But if you are not bothered by later flowering, then sow the seeds in a garden bed or flowerbed and watch the whole process of growth of these beautiful flowers. Caring for marigolds Caring for plants includes watering, weeding and loosening the soil. Thickened plantings are thinned out.

Thinning plants and removing weeds helps prevent rot that appears on plant leaves in rainy weather. Well, if you mulch the plants, you will make your work easier, since you won’t have to fight weeds.

And you will have to water less. Removing faded flowers gives marigolds a neat appearance and prolongs the flowering of the plants. In this way they are similar to many other flowers, for example, petunia also looks more beautiful and blooms better, if you constantly remove fading flowers. Although marigolds have practically no pests, during prolonged hot weather spider mites may appear on the plants. The first seeds appear after 35-40 days (from the beginning of flowering) and ripen gradually.

Seeds are collected as they ripen. However, plants obtained from their own seeds often differ from the original maternal ones in the color of the inflorescences, the height of the shoots and other characteristics. Therefore, you should not collect seeds from hybrids.

But there is also no guarantee that from seeds collected from varietal plants The same plants will grow as this year. The fact is that marigolds cross-pollinate and, accordingly, you can get something completely different from what you expect from your seeds. Problems with growing marigolds When growing tagetes, you should consider the following points:

• Lack of moisture in the soil limits plant growth and affects the size of inflorescences. Prolonged waterlogging of the soil causes the death of plants as a result of damage to the root system by fungal diseases. With the onset of prolonged rains, rotting of inflorescences, especially large ones, is observed. Remove them so as not to cause rotting of the entire plant. When the temperature drops to +10°C and below, the leaves become reddish-purple, growth and development processes are suspended. High temperatures and a large number of moisture, as well as the addition of organic matter in the spring, contribute to the increase in the vegetative mass of plants to the detriment of flowering.

As you can see, the agricultural technology for growing marigolds is standard. In terms of ease of cultivation and unpretentiousness, it is no coincidence that they take first place among all flower crops. This is what explains their popularity.

Growing marigolds should not cause complications, so good luck to you in decorating and improving your garden! And also take a look interesting video on how to prepare marigold seeds: I advise, dear readers, not to miss the publication of new materials on this blog. Best wishes, Gardensha marigolds, landing, care, cultivation, kinds, varieties, flowers and flower beds Marigolds are permanent inhabitants of most garden plots in Ukraine and Russia, although their homeland is America.

In some places they are better known as “blackbrows”, they are unpretentious, charmingly decorative, and very easy to grow. Even a beginner can handle them.

Planting marigolds

Seeds in open ground are sown in wide deep holes 1.5 cm apart so that it is not dense and the seedlings do not stretch out and rot. Sprinkle a thin layer of 0.5-1 cm of soil on top and water gently.

Let the watering regime be moderate until the sprouts appear, and they will appear very quickly. When 2-3 pairs of leaves appear, transplant the seedlings to a permanent place at a sufficient distance (not densely) and deepen it 2 cm more.

Seeds can be purchased only for the first planting, and then collected at the end of flowering. Leave a few flowers on the drying bush and let them completely wither. The main thing is that it doesn’t rain at this time.

Then you can easily extract ripened seeds from the calyx of the flower, which you can dry and store until spring. The rule “the sooner you plant, the sooner they will bloom” is quite suitable for marigolds. If desired, you can sow seeds for seedlings in early spring.

Keep the seedlings in a warm and bright room until May. Then you can take the containers out into the open air for a week so that the seedlings get used to the new conditions, and then plant them in a permanent place. The soil should be loose: turf - humus - peat - sand (1: 1: 1: 0.5).

To prevent “blackleg”, provide the flowers with good drainage from 3 cm of crushed stone, expanded clay and sand. You can add prepared fertilizers to the soil before planting, but not fresh manure. If there is a threat of frost, cover the seedlings with film - your seedlings will become strong.

Caring for marigolds

Marigolds can grow in shade or partial shade, but will bloom more luxuriantly in the sunniest locations. The main thing is that it is not too humid and dark for them. Before germination, the desired temperature is 22-25 °C. In cold winds, flowers need protection.

The soil should be well moistened during the growth period. Take care of the flowers evenly, without overdoing it. Of all the marigolds, the most unpretentious are the rejected ones; they will take root in any soil and will bloom profusely even without fertilizers.

If you want to feed, do it no more than once a month, otherwise the bush will grow intensively and will not bloom for a long time. During growth, watering should be moderate, and later it will need to be reduced so that there is no stagnation of moisture, which causes the plants to get sick, rot and not bloom.

In the summer heat it is better to water in the evenings. Marigolds can easily live without feeding, but they will respond very gratefully to them. Fertilizers are applied three times: when the seedlings grow to 10 cm, when the first buds appear and at the beginning of flowering.

Can be used complex fertilizers. Regularly weed and loosen the soil, as marigolds love loose soil and need to breathe. In the summer, prune - it will help to form lush, beautiful bushes.

They will bloom more strongly if the faded inflorescences are removed. In the fall, after withering and drying out, they are removed from the garden beds. Marigolds can grow well in a pot.

For this purpose, plant them in the fall, and then the bush will definitely bloom before spring.

Diseases and pests

The specific fragrant smell of marigolds and the same aroma of secretions from the roots into the soil are a kind of protection against fusarium and other fungal diseases not only for the flowers themselves, but also for everything that grows nearby.

It’s not for nothing that professionals advise framing almost the entire garden plot! Thyme is also planted for the same purpose. The healthy appearance of marigolds depends on care. If it is too dry, spider mites may appear.

With dampness - fungus and rot. In the first case, we correct the situation by watering and spraying, in the second - by drying and heat. When snails and slugs appear, it is better not to use poisonous sprays, as flowers really don’t like this.

Due to low temperature, dampness, humidity and dense plantings, dark brown wet spots may appear on the stems and leaves - gray rot. Destroy affected plants immediately before they infect healthy ones.

It is noteworthy that if you bury frozen marigolds in a compost heap, then no midges or other harmful creatures will grow in it.

Marigolds and landscape design

You can plant marigolds almost anywhere, except near water bodies and in dense shade.

Depending on the shape of the bush (spherical, compact, inverted pyramid) and the height of the stems (20-120 cm), try to plant the shortest ones at the edges of the borders, and the taller ones closer to the center of the flowerbed, so that all the flowers are clearly visible in the flower garden. By color palette the flower bed can be almost monochromatic (for example, all shades are yellow-golden) or contrasting (red-white, brown-yellow).

From summer to autumn, flowers will not lose their decorative value, because the dried inflorescences will be hidden under the blooming ones. A common problem for all lovers is to plant as much of the plot as possible with their favorite vegetables and fruits, and to have enough space for flowers.

So, you can even plant marigolds around the perimeter of beds with potatoes or any other vegetables. It will be cute and fun!

Types of marigolds

Professional gardeners know almost 60 species of marigolds.

Of these, only three are considered the most popular in our area: erect, rejected And thin-leaved. In America they not only decorate garden beds, but also used in medicine.

In some countries, they are used to make a popular seasoning - Imeretian saffron (the leaves have a specific spicy fragrant aroma). Flowers, by analogy with chamomile, can be simple, semi-double or double, similar to carnations.

The dark green leaves are no less beautiful than the flowers, which can stand in water for a long time when cut. African marigolds erecta(Tagetes erecta) Annual plant. The bush has a clearly defined main shoot and can be compact or spreading.

The stems are strongly branched, up to 1.2 m high, branched, finely ribbed with large inflorescences-baskets up to 13 cm in diameter on long peduncles. The inflorescences are single-color yellow or two-color. Blooms in late June - early July.

French marigolds rejected, small-flowered (Taget es patula) Annual with a straight branched stem, linear-lanceolate, pointed-serrate leaves. The heads of medium-sized inflorescences sit on thickened stalks.

The leaves grow together. Blooms in the second half of July. Mexican marigolds thin-leaved (Tagetes tenuifolia)

Annual, low compact bush 20-40 cm high, densely branched with small leaves. Small baskets of inflorescences are simple, sit on short peduncles, collected in corymbose inflorescences of yellow or yellow-orange shades. Aniseed marigolds

Marigold is an annual plant of the genus Tagetes of the Asteraceae (or Asteraceae) family.

Characteristics of culture

Marigolds are annual plants up to 50 cm high with a straight, strong, highly branched stem at the base. The flowers are collected in inflorescences with a diameter of 6-11 cm, represented by single baskets of spherical, hemispherical or flat-round shape. The seeds are oblong, flattened, black or dark brown in color with a white-straw end, germinate at a temperature of 15-20 C for 95% of all seeds; at lower temperatures or extreme heat, germination decreases by 20%.

Mass flowering occurs in mid-July, and fruiting begins in mid-August. Marigolds are heat-loving plants that can withstand heat up to 35-37 C, but when high temperatures the intensity of growth and flowering decreases. In addition, this crop is a light-loving plant; it grows well in sunny areas and weakly in shaded areas. Marigolds are very sensitive to cold and die at a temperature of -1 C.

Spread of culture

In Russia, marigolds are cultivated as ornamental plants, varieties with large double flowers of medium height are very popular. This plant is also cultivated in many European countries.

Small marigolds can most often be found in the western regions of Transcaucasia. In its wild form, this crop is found in the countries of Central and South America. Small marigolds are grown in Georgia and introduced into cultivation as essential oil and spice plants.

Types and varieties of marigolds

Currently, three types of marigold hybrids can be found in gardens:

• Marigolds are erect - characterized by large bushes with thick strong stems, blooming double flowers with a diameter of 10-15 cm. The shape is spreading, the shoots are numerous and directed upwards. The height of this species is 80-120 cm. The color of the inflorescences is uniform, usually from light yellow to red-orange. They bloom 50-80 days after germination, best grown through seedlings. Effective when single landing and in groups on lawns. The most common varieties of erect marigolds are: American, Discovery, Goldschmidt, Jubilee, Smiles, Antica, Vanilla, Jubilee, Luxor, Poldi, Titania, Golden Age, Kalando, Fantastic, Snow White and Snows of Kilimanjaro.

• Rejected marigolds are low-growing, highly branched plants that reach a maximum height of 20-30 cm. They are presented in the form of bushes that are strewn with numerous flowers with a diameter of 3-7 cm. The flowers can be simple or double, most often yellow, orange or red-brown. This type of marigold has a long growing season, so it is often grown through seedlings. The most common varieties of rejected marigolds are: Harlequin, Valencia, Disco Orange, Tangerine, Carmen, Picador, Bolero, Fiesta, Moneta, Honeycombe, Red Marietta.
• Thin-leaved marigolds are represented by spherical, low, densely branched bushes with graceful small and strongly dissected leaves. The flowers are simple, small, 1 cm or less in diameter, usually yellow or orange. This type does not like waterlogged soil, blooms from the beginning of July. The most common varieties: Karina, Lulu, Ornament, Ursula, Gnome, Golden Jam, Paprika.

Cultivation

The soil for growing this crop is prepared in the fall, manure and superphosphate are added to it, and then deep digging is carried out. In spring, the soil is subjected to repeated shallow digging and the application of ammonium nitrate.

Marigolds are grown in two ways: seedlings and seeds in open ground. It is recommended to plant the crop in sunny places with loose and fertile soils. Marigold seedlings should be planted in late May - early June to avoid spring frosts. When planting, it is necessary to take into account the distance between plants, which should be tall varieties at least 35 cm, for short ones - 15 cm. Seeds are planted in open ground at the end of May. Some time after germination, you need to thin out the flowerbed. Marigolds take root well when transplanted, so excess plants can be planted elsewhere.

Cultivation care

Caring for marigolds is quite simple; it consists of loosening the soil, weeding, watering and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. In order for the plants to branch and bloom well, it is necessary to pinch the top leaves of the shoots. If marigolds are intended for cutting, then weak and excess ovaries are cut off, leaving the largest ones.