As a rare annual plant, peanuts are now found in different climatic regions of the planet. Despite the fact that its homeland is the warm climate of South America, where wild species are perennials. Even if climatic conditions do not allow this plant to be planted on large industrial plantations, curious summer residents, owners of private estates, who know how to plant peanuts in open ground, proudly treat their loved ones to healthy groundnuts.

Some conduct successful agrotechnical experiments in their dachas. Others use greenhouses, home greenhouses are just window sills. Curiosity and pleasure from the results of work cannot be stopped. The more advice and experience of specialists on how to plant peanuts is used, the better the result.

Agrotechnics of cultivation

Peanuts are classified as plants that love heat and light from the legume family. It develops ideally at temperatures of 25, 27 . At temperatures below 15, a warm sunny place without shade, good ventilation, and timely watering help the formation of beautiful bushes. Its small yellow flowers live one day. Formed due to pollination, the ovaries sink into the ground, where they turn into useful groundnuts. Flowers remaining on the surface die and do not take part in the formation of the crop. Therefore, it is very important to know how to plant peanuts in the garden, keep the soil in a breathable, loose state, and carry out hilling several times like a potato bush.

Peanut varieties

The main condition for the success of obtaining a good peanut harvest is the choice of quality seeds popular varieties and compliance with important technological aspects of growing. The number of new varieties is growing from year to year. Each has varieties. Many have care features that depend on local conditions. The most commonly planted varieties are:

1. Spanish. Not very large beans are used to make sweets and butter. The bushes are low growing. The bred subspecies of the Dixie Spanish, Argentinean, Spanko, Shafers, and Natal Spanish varieties are distinguished by a high content of oils in the fruits.
2. Runner. A variety with excellent taste and high yields. Easily heat treated before use. Main subspecies: Dixie Runner, Georgia green, AT-108, Bradford Runner.
3. Virginia. The most common variety with large fruits. Most often used in the preparation of salted nuts and in confectionery. A rich harvest is formed by shoots and on bundles. The main subspecies are called Gul, Gregory, Wilson, Shulamit.
4. Valencia. Large fruits, heavy stem, wide, tall bush. The beans are most often used in the preparation of boiled peanuts. There are very few small nuts.

Peanut care

To plant peanuts, beans pre-soaked in potassium permanganate or seedlings prepared in small containers are used. Small beans germinate poorly. The soil chosen is fertile, loose, permeable, and has been previously dug in the fall. Peanuts do not grow well in soils high in salt and acidity. By adding lime, chalk, and phosphogypsum, you can improve the composition of the soil allocated for planting peanuts. The plant responds well to phosphate fertilizers. Therefore, it is recommended to apply nitrophoska in the amount of 60 g per area in the spring. square meter. Sowing is carried out at the end of May after weather conditions have stabilized and the ground temperature has reached at least 15 degrees. The holes for planting are placed at a distance of 30 cm in a checkerboard pattern. Their depth is 10 cm. Three peeled, pre-soaked nuts are placed in each hole. The distance between the rows is about 20 cm. For sowing, it is better to use unshelled beans purchased in specialized stores.

The moisture-loving plant is watered once a week throughout its growth period. The soil is kept moist without excess water. The best option watering is considered irrigation, drip method. The highest need for moisture will be at the time of flowering and ovary formation. When the stalk sinks into the ground, the plant is earthed up. The first hilling is carried out approximately three weeks after flowering to a height of 7 cm. Then this must be done again every 10 days three more times until the bush gets stronger. Some gardeners recommend carrying out the first hilling after a week of flowering. After hilling, the plant does not need watering. A month before harvesting, watering and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers are completely stopped. The soil around the bush is periodically loosened and weeded. It is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers three times: at the formation of the first leaves, flowering, and the formation of ovaries. Birds love to eat tender seedlings. A scarecrow is installed to protect them.

The experience of specialists and their tips on how to plant peanuts in the country indicate the need to observe crop rotation. Excellent predecessors for peanuts are cabbage, cucumbers, and potatoes. It cannot be planted after legumes. On small summer cottages Covering material and greenhouses are often used to protect against possible cold snaps. Peanuts are often planted along with tomatoes along the walls of the greenhouse. Lower leaves At the same time, the tomatoes are pruned, giving access to light to the peanut bushes, which are actively developing in such conditions. This proximity is beneficial for both cultures. Peanuts enrich the soil with nitrogen due to the bacteria contained in the tubers, which is beneficial for tomatoes.

A real decoration of the greenhouse, shelves, and window sills will be a peanut bush. Moreover, it is also useful. Tips on how to plant peanuts at home recommend doing it as follows. Plant the sprouted seeds in small cups. Shoots will appear in 10 days. Dry seeds may not germinate. It is recommended to soak beans at the end of April. Hardening of sprouts is often used. To do this, they are taken into a room with a lower temperature during the day. They return at night. The process lasts 10 days. After two strong leaves appear, the peanuts are transplanted into a prepared wide container. This is usually done three weeks after germination. The pot is selected so that the shoots do not hang out of it, but are kept in a straight position. The ovaries should have enough space to access the soil. You can use additional reinforcements and ensure good contact with the surface of the soil in the pot. Otherwise agricultural methods similar to the techniques used in open ground. It is better to place the pot of peanuts on a sunny windowsill. The lack of lighting is compensated by using special lamps. Peanuts do not tolerate drafts.

The signal to begin harvesting is the yellowing of all leaves. Using a fork, the bushes are carefully dug up, the fruits in the mesh shell are removed from the stems, dried under canopies or in places well protected from the sun. The collection is carried out in dry weather, when the bush is easily dug out. If the ground is wet, part of the crop remains in it. After drying, the shell is removed. It breaks easily. One bush, subject to proper care, gives about 0.5 kg groundnuts. The entire harvest must be harvested before the onset of autumn frosts. At late collection harvest, an unpleasant bitterness may appear in the nuts. The beans lose their viability. They cannot be used for planting.

The plant is damaged by root and fungal rot. It suffers from the appearance of caterpillars, aphids, and insects that love legumes. Ash, tobacco, and chemicals are used to kill pests.

Useful properties, application

Peanuts have long been a favorite product in human nutrition. Despite its satiety, it is well absorbed due to its high protein content. Oil obtained from groundnut, has properties that are not inferior to the well-known olive product. Even the shells and tops of the plant do not disappear. They are nutritious food for animals. The fruits contain vitamins, microelements, and minerals necessary for the human body. In addition, it contains antioxidants that help fight many diseases. In terms of protein content, it is second only to soybeans. Studies have shown the ability of peanuts to improve blood clotting and strengthen the immune system. The main thing is that when using this delicacy in the form of salted nuts or a sweet addition to baked goods, do not forget about its active allergenic abilities.

In addition to the use of peanuts in technological processes pharmacology, chemical industry, for the production of cosmetics, it benefits the soil, enriching it with useful elements. After it, the soil fertility improves, which makes it possible to grow some capricious plants here.

See how to grow peanuts from seedlings

Growing something unusual, exotic, but at the same time useful at home is the dream of many gardeners and flower growers. Peanuts are heat-loving and are not grown in large quantities in the Russian climate, but it is quite possible to try growing them at home. Peanut bushes are small, so growing them at home is very convenient.

Growing peanuts at home has its own characteristics. Some gardeners prefer to plant peanuts in open ground, but they also grow well indoors. In addition, there are no birds at home, which often damage and even destroy crops.

Gardeners who do not know how to grow peanuts at home are advised to first learn the characteristics of the plant itself.

It's thermophilic exotic plant. It cannot be called capricious, but there are some subtleties that should be taken into account:

• Peanut grains must be planted sprouted. You can choose a raw nut yourself, but it is better to buy seeds in a specialized store, where they guarantee the germination of the seeds and determine the variety.
• The seed should be placed in water and a drop of epin should be added for better germination. In this form, the seeds are left overnight. By morning they soften and the first roots appear.
• The soil for peanuts should be light and well absorb moisture. Peanuts are accustomed to dry conditions and do not like waterlogging, and clay soils which retain water.
• It is best for peanuts to prepare a mixture of sand and humus in a ratio of 50 to 50. You can also take care of drainage to avoid the accumulation of moisture in the ground.
• It is better to immediately choose a wide container for planting. Peanuts have one peculiarity: as they grow, their stalk bends to the ground and goes deeper into it; it is from this that the fruits will develop, so the pot must be wide enough so that the stalk can easily reach the soil.
• The seeds are deepened into slightly moistened soil by 2-3 cm, and then covered with glass or film for a while. Seeds can be planted in a box or in different pots at once.
• Germinating seeds should be provided with sufficient heat and light. They may not germinate if the temperature is below 20 degrees.

Peanuts cannot be called a whimsical and capricious plant. Peanuts require standard care: regular but light watering, sufficient light, fertilizing, weeding.

To grow peanuts and get a harvest, you need to provide the plant with the conditions to which it is accustomed:

1. Peanuts love light. There should be enough light; in winter you need to use it. Peanuts do not grow or bear fruit in the shade. With insufficient light, plant growth slows down significantly. However, on a hot afternoon it is better to create light partial shade, and when the sun leaves its zenith, open the plant again.
2. If the branch with the ovary does not fall to the ground, it can be bent slightly and secured with supports. If the pot is narrow, you need to put an additional pot with soil.
3. Peanut is annual plant, so after harvesting it will be necessary to replant the seed. The plant gives all its strength to the fruits.
4. Peanuts don't like a large number of moisture. During active growth it is watered once a week, and after the plant is well rooted, it should be watered as needed, when the soil in the pot has become completely dry. There is no need to spray the plant; it tolerates drought more easily than waterlogging.
5. It is necessary to create favorable conditions and a warm climate for peanuts. The room temperature should be 20-25 degrees, but not lower, otherwise the sleep period will begin. If peanuts grow on a windowsill, you need to choose the warmest and sunny side, and also eliminate drafts that are harmful to the plant. Heat can also have an adverse effect on the shrub. The optimal temperature is considered to be from 20 to 30 degrees.
6. As soon as the ovary has descended to the ground, the soil needs to be carefully. It is necessary to water if the soil is dry. Stagnation of moisture should be avoided so that the ovary does not rot.

As soon as the bush begins to dry out, you can harvest. The plant is dug out completely and dried along with the tops. After complete drying, the fruits can be separated. It is impossible to grow kilograms of peanuts on the windowsill at home; most likely the harvest will be small, but homemade and completely natural.

Of course, most often peanuts are eaten fried and added to pies and pastries.

Peanuts are quite high in calories, but they contain a large amount of useful substances.

Beneficial features:

• Peanuts contain a large amount of proteins and fats, amino acids, and many vitamins (A, B1, B2, E, PP, D). However, it is worth remembering that peanuts retain most of their beneficial properties only in their raw form; when frying, most of the benefits are lost.
• Peanuts contain a large amount of antioxidant substances that protect the body from the effects of free radicals. Eating peanuts in small quantities helps prevent heart and vascular diseases, as well as cancer.
• There are others beneficial features peanuts: it has a calming effect on the nervous system, helps quickly restore strength, and increases potency in men.

Peanut butter is not only consumed as food, but also used as a remedy traditional medicine. The preparation of the oil in this case will be different. Natural fatty peanut oil is used to lubricate wounds and ulcers so that they heal faster.

Peanuts can be a strong allergen, especially the skin. It can cause a reaction, swelling, and coughing. Young children should be given raw peanuts with caution as they can cause digestive problems.

More information can be found in the video:

Peanut crops in central and southern Russia are quite rare, but with some knowledge, even without the slightest experience, getting a harvest of this crop is quite simple. Peanuts belong to annuals, the family is legumes.. The bush of the plant is small, up to 40 cm in height, with pinnate leaves. Flowers yellow color small. After the flowers die, fruits, protected by a peel, begin to form in the ground.

Content:

Concerning pollination and production of peanut crop, then this process is quite complicated, because the flower lives for only a day and during this time it must be pollinated, therefore abundant flowering plants are invisible. Favorable conditions for the formation of the ovary do not always exist, but the peculiarity of the plant is that it can form up to 200 flowers during the entire period of vegetative development.

The peculiarity of peanut fruiting is the following fact - the fruits are not formed in root system like potatoes, and in mustache, which sends out plants from lateral branches in place of flowers. Based on the above, it should be noted that the plant during the period of fruit formation Frequent hilling is required loose soil.

Peanuts are considered to be native to South America, where their relatives grow in unprotected soil like weeds, thanks to the ideal balance of air temperature (high) and humidity (medium humidity). Under our conditions, fruits are not preserved in the soil during wintering; high humidity can contribute to the plant becoming infected with contagious fungal diseases, and low humidity causes flowers to fall off. This crop grows ideally at temperatures +20…+27 degrees. The plant is stunted at temperatures above +30 degrees and below 15 degrees.

In the open ground our culture can only be planted in the south of Russia, although many gardeners are cultivating “groundnuts” in other regions. This is possible thanks to a huge number of peanut varieties, more than 700.

It is recommended to plant peanuts in the soil sprouted seeds - in the southern regions seeds are planted in prepared holes in open ground, V middle lane It is recommended to plant seeds in a film greenhouse(possibly between rows between other crops, for example, between tomatoes).

If peanuts do not sprout, then the reasons should be sought in the seeds - they may be damaged or dry, so nuts from the market are not always full-fledged seed material.

Preparing seed material for planting

There are several methods for preparing peanut seeds before planting in the soil: germination And growing two-week-old seedlings in peat cups. In the latter case, the ripening time of the plant is accelerated, the plant is not damaged by the mole cricket. To protect plants from this pest, baits are made: peelings and rejected root crops are dropped into the soil, then the area is covered with a sheet of roofing material and sprinkled with earth. Traps need to be checked periodically when collecting mole crickets.

Peanut seeds should be soaked at the end of April., and germination lasts 10 days. To disinfect seeds, use a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate. In the middle lane It is recommended to harden the seeds, do this as follows: during the day, within 18-20 hours, the seeds are kept at a temperature of +2...+3 degrees, at night at room temperature.

The duration of seed hardening should last no more than three days.

After the sprouts appear, the seeds are planted in cups with previously prepared loose soil or in a permanent place in unprotected soil. When planting plants in open ground, leave a distance of 20 centimeters between plants, and 25 centimeters between rows. Peanut is a heat-loving culture Therefore, it is better to cover the plantings with a film pre-stretched over a prepared frame; remove the film only after stable warm weather has established.

According to folk beliefs Peanuts in the southern regions can be planted without the use of protective structures - this time comes with the flowering of viburnum.

Agricultural technology for growing peanuts

The main activity when growing peanuts is their hilling; the amount of harvest depends on the number and correctness of hilling. Peanuts bloom in the last ten days of June and continues to bloom almost until the end of August. At this time, experienced gardeners carry out several hillings peanut plants. For the first time, it is recommended to fill the root zone of plants by about 3 centimeters with a mixture of garden soil and compost. In August, you need to carry out two more hillings with the same mixture, adding up to 2 centimeters of the same bedding.

Peanut harvesting begin with the beginning of yellowing of the leaves in September. The plant must be carefully dug up so as not to damage the fruits and shaken to remove the soil. Drying beans in the sun, together with the above-ground part. After about two weeks, the fruits are ready for further use. It is recommended to keep the nuts for sowing with the peel, so they are better preserved.

Peanuts are used to make coffee, cocoa, and halva; they are eaten raw or fried, added with salt and served with beer, and used as an additive to chocolate and other products. Nuts contain linoleic acid, vitamins B and E.

Growing peanuts in the garden, watch the video:

Peanuts planting and growing (part 1)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 2)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 3)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 4)

Growing peanuts in the southern regions can be done in open ground. From the end of April, unroasted beans are placed in a saucer and wrapped in a damp cloth to obtain germinated seeds. The fabric is periodically moistened. After about 10 days, you can transplant the sprouts directly to the garden bed.

If it is decided to use seedlings for cultivation, the sprouted beans are transplanted into paper cups and the sprouts are kept for 2 weeks in a place well lit and warmed by sunlight. Then the plants are carefully transplanted into open ground.

Peanuts love loose, soft soil. Therefore, an indispensable condition for growing peanuts is soil that is thoroughly loosened and cleared of weeds. The beans are planted to a depth of 10 cm at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other. 60-70 cm gaps are left between the rows. Sprouted peanuts are planted at an air temperature of 20 degrees. The earth should warm up to 15 degrees.

If the soil is not warm enough, the beans will rot. If the soil is hard, the ovaries will not be able to burrow into the soil and the peanuts will not ripen. The area where the plant is placed should be well lit throughout the day.

Plant care

Throughout the entire period of growing peanuts, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil, remove weeds and scare away birds. It is best to carry out weeding after rain or watering. Like potatoes, peanuts are subjected to periodic hilling from the moment the ovaries form.

The plant should not be watered frequently, as peanuts do not like waterlogged soil. The main thing is that the soil does not dry out. Watering is increased during the flowering period, performing it at least 3-4 times a month. Towards the end of the growing season, watering the plants is stopped.

Used as fertilizer mineral fertilizers, which are applied to the soil 3 times during the season. As a rule, fertilizing is carried out during the formation of leaves, buds and fruit ovaries.

How are peanuts harvested?

Harvesting is carried out when the air temperature does not exceed 10 degrees for several days. By this time, the soil should be quite dry, and the leaves on the bushes should be yellow. The bush is dug up and removed from the ground. You should not delay harvesting, as in this case almost all the fruits will remain in the ground.

The bushes are placed in a sunny area or in a ventilated area to dry the beans. The drying process continues for 10-12 days until the bean begins to rattle when shaken.

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