The name of this nut comes from the Greek word “arachne”, which means “spider”. A bit unusual, isn't it? However, everything is explained very simply - a cobweb-like pattern is clearly visible on its shell. Although it can be called a nut very conditionally, since it belongs to oilseed and
Where do peanuts grow?
The most valuable nuts are those that grew in Argentina and the USA. Many are grown in China. This crop occupies significant plantations in southern Africa and India.
Peanuts at home
It may seem surprising, but this nut does not belong to the group of wild plants. Peanuts will greatly decorate your home greenhouse. How to plant it? It is very simple, and this plant does not require special care. Planting and growing peanuts is no more difficult than growing them. indoor violet, and the benefits from it are much greater.
Peanuts: planting, growing
The planting material can be ordinary nuts, which are now sold in abundance in all stores. There is no need to remove the shell from them. Soak the nuts in water, then place them on a cloth and wait for sprouts to appear. As soon as they appear, you can plant the nuts in the soil. Peanuts are planted in moist, loose soil with a small sand content. You need to know that this plant is heat-loving, so it is advisable to soak it in April. In this case, it will actively develop in summer months. During this period it grows most intensively. But if you dare to put him in more late dates, then you will need to carefully monitor the temperature and lighting.
Necessary care
We said that caring for the plant is not too difficult, but this does not mean that it is enough to plant peanuts in a pot and put them on the balcony. How to plant it so that you get valuable fruits as a result? During flowering, the plant needs abundant watering, and after flowering it will require much less water. During the flowering period, the plant can decorate any greenhouse - bright yellow-orange flowers appear on it. When they fall, gynophores appear in their place - processes that grow upward for some time and then rush to the ground. Having entered it, they form ovaries, from which a nut is subsequently formed in the ground.
Beginning flower growers and gardeners should know that genophores are not always able to reach the ground on their own. Therefore for very tall plants You can use ordinary egg shells filled with soil, which should be placed under the genophores. As soon as the leaves on the plant begin to turn yellow, this means that the nuts are fully ripe and can be removed from the soil. Peanuts are an annual plant, so after receiving the harvest, you will have to part with them.
Growing in open ground
Planting peanuts on personal plot not much different from growing it at home. In the southern regions of our country, sprouted kernels can be planted in open ground in the middle or end of May, when the air temperature reaches +20 - +25 degrees. Over the summer months the plant will develop well and you will harvest quality peanuts. As in more northern latitudes? In this case, it is more advisable to use seedlings, which should begin to be grown in early April, and in early June they can already be planted in open ground.
Pay attention to where your peanuts will grow. How to plant it most successfully? This should be an open, well-lit bed on which potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage were previously grown, but in no case other legumes.
Harvesting
When the bushes begin to dry out, you can collect the nut. As a rule, this happens in early October. On the day you start harvesting, the weather should be sunny and warm so that the soil is completely dry. By the way, a week before this, watering the plant should be completely stopped. In this case, the bush will come out easily. It is more convenient to dig up peanuts using a fork - carefully pry up the rhizome so that the nuts remain on the bush.
Place the dug plants out for 2-3 days in a dry, well-ventilated area. Then the cocoons with nuts can be collected and left at room temperature until completely dry. You will find out about this by shaking the cocoon - the nuts should roll freely in it.
Peanut uses
Even though you now know how to plant peanuts, don’t expect that you can grow a multi-kilogram crop on your windowsill or balcony, but the average person doesn’t need that much. Peanuts are very high in calories and contain a lot of fiber. Nutritionists do not recommend consuming it in large quantities. This nut is widely used in cooking. It is used in the preparation of various sauces, meat dishes, and confectionery products.
How to store peanuts?
If you have harvested a large crop, then you should take care of its storage. It must certainly remain in its peel. Place it in an airtight container and refrigerate. In this form it can be stored for up to six months. You can leave the nut in a dry and dark place - it will be suitable for consumption within three months. But if you freeze it, this period will increase to a year.
Peanuts: benefits and harms
In fairness, it should be noted that this product is completely unpredictable - it can be extremely useful for human body, and can cause serious harm. Disputes between scientists and nutritionists on these issues are still ongoing. So where is the truth?
The undoubted advantages of peanuts include the following qualities:
Antioxidant properties;
Improves blood clotting;
Strengthens the immune system;
Rich in vitamins A and B, fats and proteins.
Negative properties:
Slows down blood flow, which negatively affects blood vessels;
It is a fairly active allergen;
Contains a large amount of fat.
As you can see, the pros and cons of this plant are approximately equal, so remember that moderation is important in everything, including in eating peanuts.
Many people love peanuts, or groundnuts, because they are not only tasty, but also useful product, rich in vitamins and microelements. It is quite possible to grow peanuts, unusual for our climate, at home. We have collected for you best tips and recommendations that will help to properly organize the cultivation of peanuts not only in warm climates, but even in central Russia and Siberia.
Using the tips, photos and videos below, you can harvest your own peanuts.
How to grow peanuts in the country
Peanuts can be grown in open ground and with the help of seedlings. Since this crop is heat-loving, planting in open ground is carried out when the soil warms up to 15 degrees and complete absence frosts. The soil must be loose, since the fruits ripen under the surface of the soil. After the first shoots appear, you need to protect them from birds.
Growing peanuts from seedlings increases the likelihood of harvesting big harvest. To do this, in April, seeds are planted in separate containers, burying them to a depth of 3 cm. The pots are placed in a sunny place, watered regularly and the soil is loosened. Transplantation is carried out in June, after fluffing the soil.
Peanuts: beneficial properties and contraindications
The benefits of peanuts have been proven for a long time. But since it is considered one of the strongest allergens, it can only be consumed in moderation. Beneficial features products include (Figure 1):
- The antioxidants included in the composition serve as a reliable means of cancer prevention;
- Improves the digestion process and bile flow;
- Normalizes the functioning of the cardiovascular system, as it contains substances that can dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation;
- Effectively relieves fatigue, stress and insomnia, and also improves memory and attentiveness, so it is recommended for use by people engaged in mental work;
- The substances contained in the nut slow down the aging process of the body, as they accelerate cell regeneration;
- This nut is useful for men as it increases potency. The only condition is that you need to eat it regularly, but in small portions.
A useful product is also peanut butter, which is used in folk medicine for healing wounds and eliminating ulcers.
Figure 1. Features of the nut and its beneficial properties Despite the benefits of the product, it also has some contraindications. First of all, it is not recommended for people with serious liver problems. A large number of proteins and fats carry additional stress on this organ and can worsen a person’s condition. In addition, it is contraindicated for people with increased blood clotting. The product thickens the blood, which can lead to blood clots.
Fresh nuts can also cause digestive upsets, so it is recommended to pre-roast them. It is also important to remember that consuming the product in large quantities can provoke the formation of excess weight, and if mold appears on the fruits, you should not eat them, as this can cause severe poisoning.
Growing Peanuts
Regardless of the growing method, the distance between bushes should be 20 cm, and between rows - more than half a meter. It is better to plant the crop in areas that are lit all day, but the plant also tolerates slight shading. The landing order is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Preparing and planting seeds and flowering plant In central Russia
In industrial conditions, peanuts have long been grown in middle lane Russia. Therefore, it is quite possible to harvest at your own dacha. To do this you need:
- Prepare the area correctly - the soil is thoroughly loosened, weed rhizomes are removed and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Since peanuts are legumes, they do not tolerate organic fertilizers(bird droppings, mullein or manure).
- Landing: Before adding seeds and beans to the soil, they are wrapped in a damp cloth for a day. You only need to plant in warm soil. seedlings can be grown at home on a windowsill or in a greenhouse
- Care: After planting, the soil is regularly loosened and watered to activate the formation of nuts underground.
As the fruits ripen, the tops begin to dry. This is an absolutely normal process. However, strong temperature fluctuations can slow down or stop fruit development. If the readings fall below 18 or rise above 28 degrees, the nuts stop growing until temperature regime not normalized. Watering should also be done moderately. Excessive moisture may cause fungal diseases, and lack of water provokes the death of bushes.
Before harvesting, stop watering so that the soil dries out a little and it is easier to remove the bushes from the ground. On average, up to 50 pods are formed on one bush. They are taken out and dried in a dry, shaded room.
In the Urals and Siberia
Since the climate of the Urals and Siberia differs significantly from central Russia, growing peanuts in these regions has its own characteristics:
- In the Southern Urals Growing the crop is quite simple. To do this, dig up the bed in the fall and add fertilizer to it. In April, the finished bed is covered with film to speed up the warming of the soil. At the beginning of May, the seeds are planted and covered again with film. When consistently warm weather sets in, the beds are opened, and after the first flowers appear, they are hilled up, covering the entire plant with soil (except for the top few leaves). Subsequently, hilling is repeated until about mid-August, when the bushes form closed rows.
- Growing techniques in the Middle Urals the same, but you need to plant the seeds only in warm beds. To do this, dig a trench, place plant waste and compost in it and mix it with the top layer of soil. As plants decompose, they will begin to release heat. In the spring, seedlings are planted and kept under a film until the leaves appear. Further care is not different.
- In the Northern Urals You can only grow a nut in a greenhouse, planting it between other plants (for example, between tomatoes). Since the nut requires a minimum of space, such planting may well bring a small harvest.
Figure 3. Arrangement of warm beds for growing groundnuts in Siberia The difficulties of growing in Siberia are primarily due to the fact that this is a heat-loving crop and simply will not bear fruit in a cold climate. For this purpose, warm beds are set up (Figure 3).
Note: There are bush and creeping varieties. For Siberia, the bush variety is more suitable, since after flowering it forms an ovary, which sinks into the ground to form fruit. Moreover, it is better to choose early varieties, the fruiting period of which is only 3 months.
When growing groundnut in Siberia they do the following:
- The beds are prepared in advance. The earth is dug up and fertilized. The site should be located in the most illuminated place, preferably with loose, light soil.
- Seed preparation. If you do not plan to grow peanuts from seedlings, you can simply germinate the beans by wrapping them in a damp cloth.
- Landing. The seeds are covered with film until stable warm weather sets in. Seedlings are often loosened, and watering is reduced up to 8 times during the entire growing season, and it is completely stopped 3 weeks before harvest.
Peanut cultivation details and practical advice are given in the video.
How to plant peanuts at home
At home, peanuts are grown from seeds or beans. They are first dipped into water so that the beans open and release the roots. The landing order is shown in Figure 4.
Note: It is better to buy seeds for planting in specialized stores, since bad beans will not yield a harvest.
Sowing begins in the spring, when the soil has warmed up well and the air temperature has stabilized. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to plant the nut in a checkerboard pattern, placing the holes in several rows. This will give the plant more space to develop underground fruits.
Note: The depth of the hole is approximately 10 cm, and the distance between them is 20-50 cm. 3 beans are placed in each hole. At the same time, you should not water the plant, as this may slow down the emergence of seedlings.
Active watering begins after the first shoots appear and the ovaries form. After rain and each watering, the soil must be loosened, saturating it with oxygen and removing weeds. After the ovaries form, the bushes are spudded in the same way as potatoes. Subsequently, hilling is carried out several more times, gradually covering the stem.
Figure 4. Planting a plant: a - preparing seeds. b - arrangement of drip irrigation, c - loosening, d - flowering, e - formation of the ovary (1 - the stem of the ovary sinks into the ground, 2 - the ovary deepened into the ground), f - hilling Watering is carried out quite often, but taking into account natural precipitation. If the soil is too dry, watering is carried out every 2 weeks, and more often after flowering begins, in order to activate the formation of fruits.
It is important that the soil is moist, but not oversaturated with water. To ensure that plants receive enough moisture, it is better to use a drip irrigation system or sprinkling.
How to properly harvest
Harvesting begins after the leaves turn yellow. It is very important that all the bushes are dug up before the cold weather, since with the onset of frost the nuts become bitter and are not suitable for food.
Peanut harvesting takes place in several stages (Figure 5):
- First, the bushes are dug up and left to dry in the sun for a day or two;
- After this, the pods are separated from the roots, the beans are removed and sent to a dry, ventilated room for final drying and further storage;
- The drying temperature should not exceed 40 degrees, and there should be good ventilation in the room.
Figure 5. Harvesting, drying and storing the crop For storage, it is better to leave the beans in the pods, placing them on racks or in fabric bags. The author of the video will tell you how to properly collect peanuts and prepare them for storage.
After a decade of catalog dominance by original variegated and colorful tulip varieties, trends began to change. At exhibitions, the best designers in the world offer to remember the classics and pay tribute to charming white tulips. Sparkling under the warm rays of the spring sun, they look especially festive in the garden. Welcoming spring after a long wait, tulips seem to remind us that white is not only the color of snow, but also the joyful celebration of flowering.
Despite the fact that cabbage is one of the most popular vegetables, not all summer residents, especially beginners, can grow its seedlings. In apartment conditions they are hot and dark. In this case, it is impossible to obtain high-quality seedlings. And without a strong one, healthy seedlings it's hard to count on good harvest. Experienced gardeners know that it is better to sow cabbage seedlings in greenhouses or greenhouses. And some even grow cabbage by direct sowing seeds in the ground.
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Calendula (marigold) is a flower that stands out among others with its bright color. Low bushes with delicate orange inflorescences can be found on the side of the road, in the meadow, in the front garden next to the house or even in vegetable beds. Calendula is so widespread in our area that it seems like it has always grown here. About interesting decorative varieties calendula, as well as about the use of calendula in cooking and medicine, read our article.
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Modern ferns are those rare plants antiquities, which, despite the passage of time and all kinds of cataclysms, not only survived, but were also largely able to preserve their former appearance. Of course, it is not possible to grow any of the fern representatives indoors, but some species have successfully adapted to life indoors. They look great as single plants or decorate a group of decorative foliage flowers.
Pilaf with pumpkin and meat is Azerbaijani pilaf, which differs in the method of preparation from traditional oriental pilaf. All ingredients for this recipe are prepared separately. Rice is boiled with ghee, saffron and turmeric. The meat is fried separately until golden brown, and pumpkin slices as well. Separately prepare the onions and carrots. Then everything is placed in layers in a cauldron or thick-walled pan, a little water or broth is poured in and simmered over low heat for about half an hour.
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For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and pleasant chore, for others it is a difficult necessity, while others wonder whether it would be easier to buy ready seedlings at the market or with friends? Be that as it may, even if you gave up growing vegetable crops, for sure, you will still have to sow something. These are flowers and perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you sow.
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In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced petunia with a striking petal color - salmon-orange. Based on associations with the bright colors of the southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid was named African Sunset. Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from store windows. Where did the orange petunia go?
In our family Bell pepper they love it, that’s why we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season; I cultivate them constantly. I also try to try something new every year. Pepper is a heat-loving plant and quite whimsical. Varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet peppers, which grow well for me, will be discussed further. I live in central Russia.
Once having tasted groundnuts, many farmers think about how to grow peanuts in the garden. Despite the fact that the birthplace of the crop is South America, the climate of the middle zone in Ukraine is quite suitable for growing peanuts at home. Especially for this purpose, such varieties were bred as: Ukrainian Valencia, Stepnyak, Krasnodar and others. It is enough to purchase the appropriate seed material and get acquainted with the simple technology.
Planting peanuts
Peanuts need to be planted in warm soil, seed germination occurs at a temperature of +12 +14 °C, the ideal temperature would be +25 +30 °C, frosts are destructive for groundnuts, so wait for settled warm weather. Usually this is mid-May after melons are planted.
Peanuts love intense lighting and good ventilation, choose for planting open areas without shadow.
When growing peanuts in the country, it is necessary to ensure crop rotation; they should be planted after cabbage, cucumbers or potatoes fertilized with organic matter. Cannot be planted after legumes.
It responds well to phosphorus fertilizers; this must be taken into account when preparing the soil in the spring and nitrophoska must be added at the rate of 50 g per 1 m².
Sowing crops with purified seeds increases germination. Choose large seeds for sowing, this will also improve germination and, as a result, the yield.
Peanuts should be sown in open ground in wide rows 60 cm - 70 cm wide, with a distance between bushes of 15 cm - 20 cm, to a depth of 6 cm - 8 cm.
Crop care
It would be a good idea to keep the soil loose and moist; harrowing with light harrows can be done before germination. Further care consists of hilling the plants, the first hilling should be carried out 10 days after the start of flowering, to a height of 5 cm - 7 cm. Subsequently, hill up 2 - 3 more times every 10 days, gradually covering the plant stem. It is better to carry out each hilling after rain or watering.
Watering
We grow peanuts without any irrigation; in central Ukraine there is enough moisture for good growth this culture. Irrigation can increase yields when natural precipitation is insufficient. In arid regions, watering can be done throughout growing season, every 10 - 12 days (taking into account rains), and after flowering during fruit formation, watering can be increased. Make sure the soil is moistened but not flooded. The best solution will drip irrigation, or using water heated in the sun. A month before harvesting, watering is stopped.
When to Harvest Peanuts
When the leaves of the plant turn yellow and the seeds are easily removed from the beans, it is time to harvest. But be careful, do not delay harvesting peanuts until the cold weather, because when frozen, the seeds lose their viability and become bitter, becoming unsuitable for food.
Harvesting takes place in two stages: first, the peanuts are dug up to the surface, placed in windrows and allowed to dry, after which the beans are separated from the roots and sent for drying and storage. Peanut beans can be dried at a temperature not exceeding 40 °C with ventilation. It is better to store peanuts in beans at a low temperature of +8 °C +10 °C, in a well-ventilated area, on racks in a layer of no more than 10 cm or in cloth bags.
As you can see, growing peanuts is not at all tricky, and with the right desire you can get a good harvest of this seemingly exotic plant at its site in Ukraine. The main conditions for success: quality seeds and adherence to technology.
If you have any questions or would like to order, please contact us at the contact numbers listed on the page.
The ground nuts that everyone loves so much, that is, peanuts, number 70 different varieties and it is quite possible to grow it yourself, like on summer cottage, and just on the windowsill.
In addition to delicious fruits, it blooms very beautifully with white or bright yellow flowers and easily adapts to any conditions. Outside of South America, mainly one species is grown - the so-called “cultivated peanut”, or simply groundnut, which in turn has many varieties.
Description and features of growing peanuts
This is a beautiful annual legume, from 30 to 75 cm in height, with a tap root system, very branched. In, how to grow peanuts in the garden, there is nothing complicated - thanks to such universal roots, it takes root well in any conditions.
Peanut stems are faceted, hairy or smooth, and the branches depend on the variety and can be either creeping or straight. With straight branches, peanuts look like a small bush, strewn with small flowers and are very decorative.
The peculiarity of groundnuts is that the actual flowering for fertilization lasts only a day, and after that the gynophore begins, that is, the receptacle is formed. As it grows, it lengthens and “drills” into the ground and buries itself. The fruits themselves are already formed in the soil. That's why peanuts are called groundnuts.
However, thinking about it, how to grow groundnuts , you should not assume that this is an exclusively “fodder” crop; on the contrary, it produces a lot, and it blooms all summer long. Therefore, it is quite suitable for decorating flower beds.
Planting and caring for peanuts
In, how to grow peanuts, there is nothing complicated. Everyone who had a garden grew peas. So, groundnuts are the closest relatives of peas; you need to plant and grow peanuts in the same way as.
Peanuts, like all beans, love light, fertile soils without stagnant moisture. Loves sunny places and warmth. This is worth considering when choosing a landing site.
Having decided that where to grow peanuts, you need to prepare the place itself. Ground nut loves warm soil, so planting it before the end of May is not recommended. Of course, if there is no threat of frost, and the ground has warmed above 16 degrees, then you can plant it.
For planting, you need to prepare holes in a checkerboard pattern, with a depth of no more than 15 cm and at a distance of 25 to 50 cm. The distance depends on how warm the climate is. The hotter the summer, the more powerful they will be, and accordingly, the farther they should be from each other.
Grow peanuts Can like seedlings, and seeds. It is not difficult to prepare seedlings yourself by sprouting nuts on the windowsill. They need to be planted no earlier than April in order to get viable, attractive bushes ready for open ground by the end of May.
In, how to grow peanuts at home, not having a summer cottage is also not difficult. Groundnuts grow well in deep boxes on the balcony or just in tubs in the room.
What does it have to do with, how to grow peanuts in a pot, on a loggia or in open ground there is no difference. The most important thing is to remember that groundnuts love warmth and cannot tolerate stagnant excess moisture.
As for caring for it, everything is very simple. Watering is necessary once a week, and if it has rained or there is simply increased humidity in the air, then once every one and a half to two weeks.
Regarding , peanuts. Like any legume, it is very susceptible to mineral supplements and doesn't like organics. Also, if nuts grow in the garden, you need to clear the bed of weeds.
Beneficial properties of peanuts
Legumes in general have many beneficial properties for humans, and peanuts are no exception. Firstly, this is a very nutritious product, it contains:
proteins;
vegetable fats;
magnesium;
phosphorus;
other minerals and vitamins.
One hundred grams of ground nuts contains almost daily dose magnesium and phosphorus necessary for humans. Secondly, peanuts contain lenolic acid, which prevents the development of sclerosis in the human body and is necessary for the body to produce arachidone acid, which is a natural counterbalance to the formation of cholesterol plaques and increases blood clotting. What makes groundnuts an indispensable product for hemophilia. Thirdly, dietetics has proven the fact that peanuts:
good prevention of atherosclerosis;
relief from cardiac pathologies;
slows down the aging process;
prevents the growth of cancer cells;
accelerates the breakdown of fats.
In addition to all this, groundnuts contain a lot of tryptophan, this is one of the amino acids that promotes the synthesis of serotonin in the body. The same hormone, a sufficient amount of which:
Accordingly, regularly eating one hundred grams of nuts will have a beneficial effect on your state of mind and nervous system. The groundnut kernel is a source of fiber. Accordingly, daily consumption of peanuts is prevention:
stomach and intestinal cancer;
gallstone diseases.
Types and varieties of peanuts
All peanuts grown industrially, for food production and simple consumption, are divided into main groups:
Spanish varieties.
These are the smallest nuts that are used to produce butter and salted nuts in bags. The best of this group include Dixie, Argentine, Florispen and about ten more names.
Valencia.
These are “giants” capable of favorable conditions growing 130 cm in height. With large “selected” fruits in bright red skin. For this reason, this group of varieties is often called “red-skinned nuts.”
Runner.
The highest yielding and delicious varieties of peanuts with large oblong kernels. The most unpretentious. The best of them are North Carolina Runner, Bradford Runner, Green Georgia.
Virginia.
These ground nuts are used in confectionery production. Representatives of the Shulamit, Wilson, Gull, and Gregory varieties are most often found in cookies and cakes.
In, how to grow peanuts correctly, both in the room and on the balcony or at the dacha there is nothing complicated. But, having grown nuts, you need to remember that in addition to the benefits, they also have contraindications:
this is a strong allergen, so you should not exceed the amount of 200 grams per day;
for arthritis or arthrosis, peanuts are prohibited due to their high protein content;
for metabolic disorders and overweight There is no need to get carried away with nuts either, since this is not a dietary product at all.
As for harvesting and processing the crop, like any bean, peanuts will notify you that everything is ready with yellowing leaves and drying stems. Usually nuts ripen at the end of September, beginning of October.
Fruits selected from the soil must be thoroughly dried. Under favorable conditions, you can get a yield of up to 500-600 grams from one, which is very good, considering the simple agricultural technology and unpretentiousness of legumes.
