Hot water supply is usually called the supply of water from elevated temperature through a centralized pipeline and internal engineering structures to private and apartment buildings (including non-residential premises and jointly owned premises). This article is devoted to the calculation of hot water supply.

In this article you will learn:

• How is hot water supply calculated?
• What formula is used to calculate the hot water supply standard?
• How to recalculate hot water supply for general house needs.
• Why control quality hot water.

Calculation of hot water supply system

The calculation of a hot water supply system is based on calculating the heat for this type of water supply. The fact is that the average temperature cold water is 10 °C, but at the outlet this figure is much lower, which creates discomfort for the consumer when using water from a mixer (60 °C). Based on this, when calculating, it is recommended to increase the temperature to 50°C.

The algorithm for calculating the average heat consumption for hot water extraction looks like this:

qm = m* t* c *∆t, kW*h,

where m is water consumption, l/h; t – operating time, h; ∆t – temperature difference; c – specific heat capacity, kW x h/(l x°C).

Calculation of hot water supply standards

The water supply rate (cubic meters per month per person) is determined as follows:

N = Sum (Q x n) x (4.5 + 0.07 + L) x 10, where

Q – water consumption by 1 water folding mechanism for 1 operation; n – number of operations using 1 water folding device for i – 7 days; L – the number of floors in an apartment building or residential building.

Consumption rates and average water temperature per operation

The hot water supply indicator (cubic meters per month per person) is calculated as follows:

Calculation of fees for hot water supply: 2 options

Calculation No. 1 – calculation: a hot water consumption meter is installed in the living room.

If an individual meter for hot water supply is installed in the apartment, the amount of payment for hot water supply will be calculated according to formula No. 1, as the product of the amount of hot water consumed in the apartment according to indications individual device accounting and tariff for hot water supply established for the region and service provider:

Formula No. 1

P i = V i p x T cr

V i p – volume(quantity) of hot water supply consumed during the billing period in a residential or non-residential premises, determined according to the readings of an individual or general (apartment) meter;

T cr – tariff(price) for hot water supply, established in accordance with the law Russian Federation.

Example of DHW calculation

Based on the meter readings, in January 2017. 4 m3 of hot water was consumed.

The cost of 1 m3 of hot water in this region, taking into account the services of an intermediary, is 90 rubles. 00 kop.

Having such data, you can calculate the hot water supply for this particular case:

4 x 90.00 = 360.00 rub.

Calculation No. 2 – a hot water consumption meter is not installed in the residential premises.

For such cases, formula No. 4 is used, which takes into account data on hot water consumption rates in the region, the number of people living in the apartment and the cost of hot water supply, taking into account the region and supplier.

Formula No. 4

P i = n i x N j x T cr

• the number of citizens permanently and/or temporarily residing in the apartment;
• the standard established for hot water supply for the region;
• tariff set for hot water supply for the region and service provider.

Example of DHW calculation

If we take as a basis that three people live in a room, the rate of hot water consumption in this region is 3.5 m 3 / person, and the tariff for hot water supply is 90 rubles. 00 kop. for 1 m 3, then calculate the amount of payment for use hot water on this living space you can do this:

3 x 3.5 x 90.00 = 945.00 rubles.

Calculation of hot water supply for general house needs

May 06, 2011 The Government of the Russian Federation signed Resolution No. 354 on a new procedure for calculating the amount of payment for public utilities. According to this document, apartment residents must pay not only for the hot water they consume at home, but also for the hot water supply that serves the general needs of the building. These changes caused dissatisfaction among citizens, primarily because it was unclear what kind of excess water we were talking about and what such significant volumes of it were being spent on.

Below is a calculation of payment for hot water supply for general house purposes.

• Calculation No. 1 – calculation of DHW in a house that does not have a hot water consumption meter installed.

The calculation of the amount to pay for consumed hot water for general house purposes occurs according to formulas No. 10, 15, which allow you to determine the volume of hot water consumed and the amount of the required payment, respectively.

Formula No. 10

P i one = V i one x T cr

• V i od– the amount of hot water that was spent for general house purposes in an apartment building and falls on residential or non-residential premises during the billing period;
• T cr– the cost of hot water supply according to the laws of the Russian Federation.

Formula No. 15

V i single 5 = N single x S oi x (S i / S rev)

• N one– the rate of consumption of hot water supplied during the billing period and spent for general house purposes in an apartment building;
• S i– the total area of ​​residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building;
• S about– the total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building;
• S oi– the total area of ​​common premises in an apartment building.

Sample calculations

The rate of hot water consumption for general household purposes in the region is 0.3 m 3 per 1 m 2. The total area of ​​premises under common house management is 400 m2. The total area of ​​all residential premises of a given apartment building equal to 4,000 m 2. The total area of ​​one apartment is 45 m2. In this region, the payment for hot water is 90 rubles. 00 kop. for 1 m 3. Using this data, we obtain the following calculations:

0.3 x 400 x 45 / 4000 = 1.35 cubic meters 1.35 x 90 = 121.50 rubles

• Calculation No. 2 - calculation of the domestic hot water supply of a house on which a hot water consumption meter is installed

To calculate payment DHW consumption formulas No. 10, 12 are used, which allow you to determine the volume of hot water and the amount of payment, respectively.

Formula No. 12

Sample calculations

The amount of hot water that was consumed according to the general house meter is 2,000 m3. Amount of hot water consumed in all residential premises according to indications individual counters, equals 1,200 m 3. The amount of hot water consumed in those apartments where there are no individual meters is 500 m 3 . The total area of ​​the apartments in the house is 4,000 m2. The area of ​​one apartment is 45 m2.

The cost of 1 m 3 of hot water in the region under consideration, taking into account the interests of the service provider, is 90 rubles. 00 kop.

Based on the above data, the calculation of payment for hot water supply for general house purposes is as follows:

(2,000 - 1,200 - 500) x 45 / 4000 = 3.375 cubic meters 3.375 x 90.00 = 303.75 rubles

Summarizing the presented examples of calculations, it should be said that in the absence of a collective meter, the volume of hot water for common house needs will be determined by the area of ​​​​commonly owned premises and the tariff for hot water supply.

It is important to know that if excess cubic meters of hot water are detected, a common house meter will allow you to understand the reasons for this phenomenon. If there is no such meter, then it is not possible to find the cause of the excess and influence the amount of payment for general household hot water consumption.

Calculation of hot water supply load

Calculation of the hot water supply load is required when the following occurs:

• reduction of design heat loads;
• reduction of heating costs;
• coordination of changes in the composition of heat-consuming installations (change in the number heating devices or disassembly ventilation system). This happens if the type of ventilation in the room is changed or a thermal curtain is installed;
• the need to confirm that the new heat load and heat energy consumption are within the design standards;
• planning own system heating;
• planning individual node heat supply;
• if it is necessary to correctly distribute the heat load between subsubscribers;
• connection of new objects (single and/or complex structures) to the common heating main;
• signing a new agreement with the heat supplier;
• the need to specify heat loads in non-residential premises for individual institutions;
• repayment by organizations of the cost of services by settlement method (in cases where it is impossible to install a meter);
• an unreasonable increase in heat energy consumption by the supplier company or management company.

As for the rights of consumers in the field of calculating thermal energy for hot water supply, they are fixed:

• in all standard contracts concluded regarding the supply of heat and energy resources;
• in the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2009. No. 610 “On approval of the rules for establishing and changing (revising) heat loads.”

According to this document, the re-examination of contractual indicators should be preceded by the creation of a technical report, which will reflect the calculation of heat loads, and will also provide arguments for the need to adjust or reduce thermal load to a specific object.

In addition, the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2009. No. 610 allows adjustments to be made to the calculation of heat for hot water supply, heating and ventilation in the following cases:

• when carrying out major repairs;
• when restoring internal engineering structures aimed at reducing waste of energy resources;
• when increasing the thermal insulation of a specific object;
• when carrying out other procedures aimed at preserving energy resources.

Before starting to review the thermal loads for existing buildings and connections to common system new objects required:

• collect all available information about the object;
• carry out an audit of the facility's energy system;
• calculate thermal loads for hot water supply, heating and ventilation based on the test results;
• write a technical report;
• discuss the report with the heat and power supply company;
• make adjustments to an existing one or sign a new agreement with an energy supply company.

Hydraulic calculation of hot water supply

The main goal hydraulic calculation hot water supply is the calculation of the size (in particular, diameter) of the pipes through which water is supplied, and the costs of pressure. The starting value for such calculations is considered to be the second flow rate, which takes into account the value of the residual circulation:

qh, сir = qh (1 + kсir), l/s,

V in this case kсir - residual circulation index.

To calculate this parameter, you need to divide the second flow rate by the circulation flow inside the hot water supply system. The formula will look like this:

kсir = f(qh/qсir).

In this situation, the conditions are such that kсir ≠ 0 only in the very first parts of the pipeline, despite the fact that qh/qсir is greater than two. In all other cases, kсir will be equal to 0. An important point is that the hydraulic calculation is made before calculating the circulation. This fact implies that the specialist is forced to put forward a hypothesis about the parameters of the qh/qсir ratio (for residential buildings, usually qh/qсir is greater than 2.0) and give reasons for it.

Calculation of the size of pressure costs in water risers, united by a ring jumper into sectional units, is carried out on the basis of calculated water costs with an index of 0.7. For the calculated flow rate in ring sections, it is customary to take as the lowest threshold the highest second flow rate for one of the devices that is subject to maintenance.

As for the speed of water movement in the hot water supply pipeline, it should not exceed three meters per second. But it has been proven that water speeds exceeding one and a half meters per second cause noise.

In order to calculate the diameter of the riser when the resistance does not match, it is customary to take the calculated flow rate and pressure at the very base of the riser as a basis. If the resistance indicators are identical, the diameter of the outer riser is taken as a single value.

To carry out competent hydraulic calculations of any kind, it is necessary to have an understanding of the basic laws of hydrodynamics (among other things, the Darcy-Weisbach equation). But you need to be prepared that each area will impose its own specifics on the implementation of hydraulic calculations (for example, calculations in the field of hot water supply are very typical, which eliminates the need to calculate pressure costs separately).

There is an algorithm for calculating pressure losses in sections of the hot water supply system:

Н = i×l(1 + kl), mm,

where i is the specific linear pressure loss, mm/m; l is the length of the section; kl is an index that takes into account pressure losses in local resistances.

Indicators i are taken from the corresponding reference books.

Do not forget that there may be cases when hard water from the pipeline is heated to provide hot water supply. This situation is fraught with the appearance of growths inside the pipes (so-called hardness salts). In this situation, a nomogram is used to calculate the index i.

• Available and required pressures in DHW systems in water withdrawal mode

The pressure guaranteed at the input and used, if necessary, to supply water for hot water supply purposes is called available. Another type of pressure - required, is characterized by the fact that it serves to pass hydraulic resistance when supplying water to the device that is as distant as possible (in distance and in height).

If we take as an example closed system hot water supply, then the available pressure will be the pressure of the cold water supply at the junction with the hot pipeline. And to calculate the required pressure, the following formula is used:

Ntreb = Npod + Nsch + Nvn + Ng + Nsv,

where Npod is the pressure loss in the supply pipelines in water withdrawal mode; Nsch – pressure loss in the water meter (water meter); NVP – pressure loss in the water heater; Ng – the difference between the geodetic indicators of the highest possible device and the point of connection of the hot water supply system with the cold water supply; NSV – free pressure on the device (“to the spout”).

For open system supply of heat resources, which involves disassembling directly from the heating main, the available pressure will be in the return water supply of the heating main at the connection point of the hot water supply system. The calculation of the required pressure (in the absence of a water heater) will be made as follows:

Ntreb = Npod + Nsch + Ng + Nsv,

where Ng is determined from the specific location of connection to the heating main. In hot water supply systems operating on the principle of gravity flow under the influence of the water column in storage vessels, the available pressure is taken directly from the geodetic difference between the water level in such a vessel and the highest device located. The calculation of the required pressure for this situation looks like this:

Ntreb = Npod + Nsv

Recalculation and calculation of hot water supply

Article 542 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the quality of the provided energy resources must meet the criteria established by the law of the Russian Federation, as well as the clauses of the agreement on the supply of energy resources. Article 538 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation prescribes the application of the above rules to relations arising during the supply of energy resources, since the law does not provide for any other procedure.

The temperature of hot water in water collection points is regulated by clause 2.4 of SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09 “Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems”, approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated April 7, 2009. No. 20. According to this document, t at the outlet should not go beyond 60 - 75 °C. The requirements of SanPin must be strictly observed by those legal entities whose occupation is related to the implementation and establishment of the hot water supply line.

Subparagraph “B” of paragraph 17 of the Rules for concluding contracts for the supply of energy resources speaks of the importance in this area of ​​such an indicator as the quality of the resources provided, which should ensure the maintenance of common property at the proper level. Utilities must be provided to citizens in full compliance with the Rules for the provision of utility services and connection conditions apartment buildings and common networks of engineering and technical support connecting them to centralized networks engineering and technical support (clause 20 of the Rules for concluding contracts for the supply of energy resources).

According to clause 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the provision of public services, the quality of public services in the field of hot water supply must meet the following criteria: guarantee compliance temperature regime at the water collection point in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation on technical regulation and the provisions of SanPin.

The responsibilities of the repair and construction organization, which is responsible for the supply of water, include ensuring its quality and desired temperature(in the range from 60 to 75 °C), although the law of the Russian Federation does not give strict regulations on this issue. The supplier company is responsible for ensuring that the coolant reaches citizens in proper quality. If the temperature of the water is less than the lower limit established by the standards (Resolution of the AS ZSO dated October 12, 2015 No. F04-24751/2015 in case No. A45-19993/2014), citizens have the right to file a claim in court, which will oblige the defendant (company - energy supplier) to correct the violations.

Clause 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities allows for deviations from the temperature limits established by law. Thus, the deviation from the accepted temperature at night from 00 h. 00 min. until 05:00 may be 5°C; in the afternoon from 05 h. 00 min. until 00:00 - 3 °C. Despite the existence of such reservations, such a provision is not considered the norm. Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2013. No. AKPI13-394 states that such deviations are indicators of the provision of services of inadequate quality.

In order for the hot water temperature at the water collection points to be 60 °C, at the entrance to the house it must be an order of magnitude higher. However, as already mentioned, there are no legislative requirements regarding this particular indicator, therefore, in the event of going to court, we can only talk about the fact that the repair and construction company must ensure that the temperature of the water entering the house is not less than 60°C.

When can the manager of an apartment building apply for a recalculation of the cost of hot water?

Paragraph 2 of Article 542 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation gives citizens the right to refuse to pay for energy resources of inappropriate quality. But the supplier company is also allowed to demand compensation for energy losses from citizens in this case.

There are also legislative requirements regarding changes in the procedure for payment for consumed energy resources if they were not of adequate quality or were supplied intermittently beyond the permissible period (subparagraph “d” of paragraph 22 of the Rules for concluding resource supply contracts). The rules for the provision of utility services regulate the procedure for recalculating payments.

The current legislation of the Russian Federation recognizes the unconditional advantage of a system for monitoring consumed resources through the installation of meters on the border area between the area of ​​​​responsibility of the supplier company and the property of citizens. If a meter is installed at home and there are no complaints about its operation, then the indicators of this device can be considered evidence of the supply of insufficient quality water. The repair and construction organization must provide evidence refuting this information, otherwise the payment for expended resources must be recalculated (resolution of the AS UO dated January 11, 2017 No. F09-10932/16 in case No. A60-59444/2015).

This provision is also confirmed by subparagraph “B” of paragraph 111 of the Rules for the provision of public utility services, which determines the date and time of the start of the provision of low-quality services in accordance with the date and time recorded by the devices intended for this (for example, OPU, IPU, etc.). Moreover, the presence of a meter and its readings eliminates the procedure for confirming the provision of services of inadequate quality in accordance with the requirements of Section X of the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities (Resolution of AS PO dated January 16, 2017 No. F06-15316/2016 in case No. A12-4577/2016).

In cases where appropriate measuring instruments is not installed on the building, to confirm the fact of provision of low-quality services, you will need to collect a number of documents, as well as follow the procedure set out in section X of the Rules for the provision of utility services:

• record the citizen’s signal to the emergency dispatch service (paragraphs 105, 106, subparagraph “b” of paragraph 111);
• agree with the citizen on the timing of checking the information provided about the violation, notify the repair and construction organization that the service it provides will be checked if the supplier does not know the reasons for the violation (clause 108);
• carry out an inspection upon a signal from the consumer; all data obtained during the inspection must be recorded in writing in a specific form (clause 109). The inspection is intended to confirm a violation in the quality of the service provided (the act of measuring the temperature at the point of analysis in a residential premises) and to clarify its reasons (the act of measuring the temperature at the entrance to the house).

Summary tables and calculations compiled by the Criminal Code unilaterally, in the absence of reports on the quality of public services, will not be accepted by the court as evidence (Resolution of the Central District Court of October 20, 2016 No. F10-2735/2016 in case No. A14-6593/2015).

Please note that regulations do not link the establishment of the fact of delivery of a low-quality resource with the fact of recalculation by the utility service provider to the owners of premises of payment for low-quality service (Resolution of the AS ZSO dated September 19, 2016 No. F04-3939/2016 in case No. A03-12727/2015), although such a condition may be included in resource supply agreement based on the agreement of the parties, and then must be respected.

How hot water supply is recalculated

Subparagraph “D” of paragraph 22 of the Rules for concluding contracts for the supply of resources says that the recalculation of the cost of poorly provided services occurs in accordance with the Rules for the provision of public services. This is confirmed by the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. AKPI13-394, which states that if there are no additional documents that record the procedure for recalculation, a representative of citizens living in an apartment building may qualify for a reduction in fees for the provision of services with a violation of their quality in accordance with the requirements of SanPin. Moreover, the recalculation should be carried out in the same way as the recalculation for direct consumers (resolution of the Central Election Commission of February 29, 2016 No. F10-5264/2015 in case No. A09-1717/2015).

Clause 101 of the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services prescribes that the fee for hot water supply for the billing period should be reduced by the total amount of payment for the entire period of provision of low-quality services in the cases specified in the documents (see Appendices 1 and 2 of the Rules for the provision of utility services).

The total cost of services with poor quality can be determined by multiplying the cost of the service for the entire billing period (Appendix 2 of the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities) by the ratio of the duration of provision poor quality service within this period to the total duration of utility service provision for the billing period.

To calculate utility bills for hot water supply, the following values ​​are used:

Pi – the amount of payment for the provided utility service for the billing period (according to Appendix 2 to the Rules for the provision of utility services);

Δ – the total amount of payment for all days of provision of poor-quality services (or the amount by which payment should be reduced for the billing period);

t – duration of provision of low-quality services within one billing period.

The duration of the billing period is determined by the entire duration of the supply of energy resources in accordance with the principles of constancy and non-stop of this process. Based on the previously described rules for calculating payment (paragraph 2 of clause 101 of the Rules for the provision of utility services), you can create the following formula (assuming that the month consists of 31 days):

Δ = Pi x t / 31 days.

Payments for temperature violations are reduced according to to the following principle: payment is reduced by 0.1% for every 3°C different from the norm (Appendix 2 to the Rules for the provision of utility services) and for each hour in aggregate throughout the entire billing period in accordance with Section IX of the Rules for the provision of utility services. If the hot water temperature drops below 40 °C, then each hour of service provision in a similar manner for the entire billing period is paid at the rate of payment for the use of cold water.

Calculations are based on the following parameters:

• the amount of payment for the corresponding service for the billing period within which failures in the organization of hot water supply were recorded (Pi1);
• the amount by which the service fee is reduced (in %) varies depending on fluctuations in water temperature: - 0.1% for every 3 °C;
• duration of service provision with quality violations in the aggregate for the entire billing period, expressed in hours (t1) and taking into account the rules of Section IX of the already mentioned rules.

Taking as a basis all the information indicated above, the calculation of the amount of fee reduction is carried out according to the following algorithm:

Δ = Рi1 x % x t1

The provision of paragraph 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities allows this formula to be applied, despite the requirements of paragraph 101 of the same Rules.

Unfortunately, the previously given definitions contain imperfections that cause numerous disputes and even lead to the filing of lawsuits. Basically, the misunderstanding is associated with two quantities, the first of which (Pi1) helps determine the size of the payment reduction. According to paragraph 5 app. 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities, this payment is characterized as payment for the billing period within which the payments were made temperature disturbances. However, it is worth considering in more detail the concept of a billing period and outlining its scope.

Clause 37 of the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities speaks of the billing period as a period of time equal to one calendar month. This is confirmed by calculations in the Letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated June 4, 2007. No. 10611-UT/07. It is known that in private clarifications the Ministry of Construction is also of the opinion that the monthly fee should be taken into account in the calculation.

It should be said that the definitions from the current Rules for the provision of public utility services coincide in meaning with the wording that has already ceased to have meaning in the form of activity criteria in the part under consideration (clause 5 of Appendix 1).

Clause 101 of the Rules for the provision of utility services states that payment for services for a billing period equal to a month is subject to reduction by the total amount of payment for each period of provision of services with violations, equal to one day. Thus, it is necessary to calculate the cost of providing poor-quality service for 1 day.

The decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. AKPI13-394 decides that paragraph 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities fixes such a change in the rules for paying for public services of insufficient quality, in which there is no possibility of not making payments at all for the supplied water with a violation of quality. If we take the value of the payment for the month as the value of parameter Pi1, then even in the case of short-term and non-serious violations, the amount of payment reduction will very quickly approach this indicator, and the citizen will have to be exempt from paying for hot water supply services for the month in question. Based on this thesis, judges often reject the claims of managers apartment buildings who provided calculations of the amount of payment taking into account the amount of payment per month.

Thus, the Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated October 14, 2016. No. F01-3504/2016 in case No. A39-6742/2014 says that the developed payment system for the period of poor-quality implementation of water supply services, in which the degree of reduction in the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated cumulatively for the billing month, implies the possibility of not paying a wasted low-quality resource, however, this is wrong. If we take a case in which the temperature of water supplied to consumers was below normal by 18°C ​​continuously for 9 days, then according to this calculation system, payment for hot water per month will be 00 rubles. 00 kop. Having studied paragraph 101 of the Rules for the provision of public utility services in more detail, one can understand that the billing period for the provision of services with a violation of quality should be considered 1 day, which is confirmed by the opinion of many representatives of the panel of judges (see decisions of the AS ZSO dated October 25, 2016 No. F04-4511/2016 in the case No. A45-26014/2015, AS UO dated 03/31/2017 No. F09-1379/17 in case No. A60-14516/2016, dated 02/06/2017 No. F09-11636/16 in case No. A71-4808/2015).

However, in some cases, judges take the other side and recognize the legality of calculating the amount of payment with a billing period of one month (see, for example, Resolution of the AS ZSO dated June 15, 2016 No. F04-2184/2016 in case No. A03-21553/2014).

As a possible solution, managers of an apartment building can request from the Ministry of Construction documentary evidence of the objective procedure for calculating the reduction in payments for hot water supply of inadequate quality, which can be used in court as evidence. However, the court has the right not to accept this document as evidence, justifying its position by the fact that the proposed documents do not have the status of normative acts.

In the case when the payment amount for one day is taken as a basis and a meter is installed on the house, it is more correct to carry out calculations based on the actual amount of water consumed per day, which was recorded by the device. If there is no meter, then calculations are carried out using a formula that requires dividing the total volume of resource recorded and delivered to the house by the number of days in the month.

Clause 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities requires that the payment for hot water be reduced by 0.1% for every 3 °C violation of the norm. The following criteria are also introduced here: deviation from temperature standards by 5°C at night and by 3°C during the day. Thus, the precise interpretation of this regulation implies that the payment for hot water consumed should not be reduced if its temperature at night did not fall above 55 °C and below 57 °C during the day. However, if the temperature continues to fall relative to the already reduced values, then for every subsequent 3°C ​​(i.e. up to 54°C) the payment will be reduced by 0.1% every hour (at 51°C - 0.2%, etc.). d.). This approach also found support among representatives of arbitration (resolutions of the Arbitration Court No. F09-1379/17 of March 31, 2017 in case No. A60-14516/2016, of the Arbitration Court of the Far Eastern District of May 24, 2016 No. F03-976/2016 in case No. A24-1520/ 2015).

But the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. AKPI13-394 says that the establishment in paragraph 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities of permissible deviations from the temperature regime prescribed by SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09, in fact, means making adjustments to sanitary and epidemiological standards, regulating the quality level of hot water, aimed at compliance with anti-epidemic measures. Such a situation conflicts with the already mentioned legislative norms and requires the recognition of this norm as invalid in this context. Thus, we return to the fact that any deviation from the prescribed standards will be equated to violations of the quality of service provision. The discussed criteria continue to apply in matters of the conditions and procedure for changing the amount of payment. Based on this, we can conclude that a percentage of 0.1% reduction in payment for the use of hot water of inadequate quality should be charged for any violation of the temperature regime (starting from 57°C during the day and 55°C at night). In accordance with the documentary base, this approach looks more correct. He also finds support in the judicial system.

Guided by these considerations, managers of apartment buildings must support their position with calculations that promise great benefits, and base their line on the fact that no deviations from temperature standards should be allowed.

There is also a nuance related to whether it is possible to calculate the exact amount of the payment reduction if the deviation from the norm does not coincide with the “step” prescribed in the standards. There is a point of view that recommends calculating the reduction in payment taking into account tenths if the temperature drops by less than 3°C. An example can be given when the water temperature dropped to 55°C during the day. In this case, it is possible to calculate that the percentage of reduction in payment for the cost of the service will be equal to 0.167% (5/3 x 0.1%). However, the question arises about the legality of such calculations. Clause 5 of Appendix 1 to the Rules for the Provision of Public Utilities does not allow us to say that this correct solution. We remember that for every 3°C the payment decreases by 0.1%, this allows us to derive a certain pattern.

This is exactly the method of calculation that is given in Letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation No. 10611-YUT/07. A Resolution of the AS UO dated October 28, 2016. No. F09-9955/16 in case No. A71-5017/2015 emphasizes that the calculation of the Criminal Code is incorrect, because takes tenths of a degree into account.

Expert opinion

Why control the quality of hot water?

A.N. Sokolova,

tax lawyer

The reality is that direct consumers of hot water supply (ordinary citizens, schools, kindergartens and other organizations) cannot, from a technical point of view, use necessary equipment monitor the quality of hot water, determine its characteristics such as color, turbidity, the amount of iron and other substances contained in the water, etc. Also, not everyone can seek legal advice. All this implies that manufacturers and suppliers of heat and energy resources must approach their responsibilities with full responsibility.

A similar position is manifested in the implementation of strict control over the quality of services provided, in the prompt elimination of identified violations and the implementation correct calculation citizens for the services provided in this case. This result can be achieved if all parties to the process of providing the population and other entities with heat energy direct their efforts to control the quality of the services provided. It is important that organizations responsible for providing energy resources follow the letter of the law when it comes to payment for services and do not insist on payments for cases of quality violations. Their actions must be based on the following regulations:

• clause 2 art. 542 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation - for organizations involved in the supply of energy resources;
• Rules for the provision of utility services - for management companies.

If you do not adhere to these standards, it will be very difficult to get the supply companies to take proper measures to eliminate possible violations in the process of supplying energy resources. Violations of the rules for the provision of services in this area and incorrect calculation of the population for the low-quality resources provided do not allow optimizing the situation in this area in many localities.

Example 1. Calculate the hot water supply system for a five-story, two-section residential building. The network was designed based on the building plan given in appendix. 1, 2. The design diagram of the network is shown in Fig. 2.1 (similar to the cold water supply network diagram).

Superheated water from the heating network with parameters tn = 120 °C and tk = 70 °C is used as a coolant.

Data on cold water supply are taken from example 1 given in clause 1.7.

The hot water supply system is centralized with the preparation of hot water in a high-speed water heater with variable output using coolant from the heating network.

The hot water supply network diagram is adopted as a dead-end with lower mains routing (as is the cold water supply network).

Since the consumption of hot water is uneven, the network is adopted with circulation in the main and risers.

Determined estimated costs hot water and heat. Hot water consumption in network sections is determined by formula (2.1). Since the system serves identical consumers, the value P h is found according to formula (2.3).

Here the value and are taken according to adj. 3 [1].

The value is determined by formula (2.7)

The value is taken according to adj. 3 [1].

The maximum hourly consumption of hot water is determined by formula (2.5)

The value is determined according to Table 2, appendix. 4 [1].

The average hourly consumption of hot water is determined by formula (2.8)

, m 3 / h

The maximum hourly heat consumption is determined by formula (2.11)

Rice. 2.1. Design diagram of the hot water supply network

Table 2.3

An example of calculating a hot water supply network in water withdrawal mode.

Settlement area	Length of thread, m	Number of devices, N	Probability of operation of devices, Р t	N*P	α	Consumption of one device, q t 0 l/s	Estimated flow rate, q t l/s	Diameter, d mm	Speed, V m/s	Specific pressure loss, mm/pm	Pressure loss in the area, mm	Notes
1-2	1,50		0,016	0,016	0,205	0,09	0,09		0,78
2-3	0,55		0,016	0,032	0,241	0,2	0,24		2,08
3-4	0,80		0,016	0,048	0,270	0,2	0,27		2,35
4-5	3,30		0,016	0,048	0,270	0,2	0,27		1,13
5-6	2,80		0,016	0,096	0,338	0,2	0,34		1,42
6-7	2,80		0,016	0,144	0,393	0,2	0,39		1,63
7-8	2,80		0,016	0,192	0,441	0,2	0,44		1,84
8-9	4,00		0,016	0,240	0,485	0,2	0,49		1,17
9-10	10,00		0,016	0,800	0,948	0,2	0,95		1,2
10-water	13,00		0,016	1,920	1,402	0,2	1,40		1,34
water-sch	7,00		0,013	2,106	1,479	0,3	2,22		2,1
input	10,00		0,013	2,106	1,479	0,3	2,22		1,05
11-12	3,30		0,016	0,096	0,338	0,2	0,34		0,91
12-13	2,80		0,016	0,192	0,441	0,2	0,44		1,19
13-14	2,80		0,016	0,288	0,524	0,2	0,52		1,44
14-15	2,80		0,016	0,384	0,598	0,2	0,60		1,65
15-9	4,00		0,016	0,480	0,665	0,2	0,67		1,84

The heating surface of the heating tubes of the water heater is determined by formula (2.13). The calculated temperature difference is determined by formula (2.14). Let's take the coolant parameters t n = 120 °C, t to= 70 °C, parameters of heated water t h=60 C and t c=5 C.

°C

According to adj. 8 [2] accept high-speed water heater N 11 VTI - MosEnergo with a heating surface of one section of 5.89 m. The required number of sections will be determined by formula (2.16)

sections

Section length 2000 mm, outer diameter of the body 219 mm, number of tubes 64.

The calculation of the hot water supply system in water withdrawal mode is carried out in tabular form (Table 2.3).

Pressure losses in sections of the hot water supply network were determined using formula (2.19). Magnitude K l 0.2 was accepted for distribution pipelines and 0.1 for water risers without heated towel rails. (It is accepted to connect heated towel rails to the heating network.)

Total losses the pressure on line 1-input is 21125 mm or 21.1 m. Since the riser St TZ-2 has twice the hydraulic load than the riser St TZ-1, a diameter of 25 mm was adopted for it and the speeds and pressure losses on this riser were calculated. Since the pressure losses in sections 4 - 8 turned out to be greater than in sections 11 - 15, the riser St TZ-1 was taken as the design one.

The required pressure at the entrance to the building for the operation of the hot water supply system is determined by formula (2.20)

Here, the pressure loss in the water heater is determined by formula (2.17)

The calculation of the hot water supply system in circulation mode is carried out in tabular form (Table 2.4). The design diagram of the network is shown in Fig. 2.1.

Table 2.4.

Calculation of the hot water supply network in circulation mode

Settlement accounts	Length	Circulation flow, l/s	Diameter, mm	Speed, m/s	Pressure loss, mm	Notes
for 1 linear m.	at school
water-4	13,00	0,28		0,27	6,24
4-3	10,00	0,19		0,24	4,30
3-2	4,00	0,10		0,24	10,00
2-1	11,20	0,10		0,42	45,98
1-2″	11,20	0,10		0,42	45,98
2″-3″	4,00	0,10		0,42	45,98
3″-4″	10,00	0,19		0,45	36,13
4″-input	13,00	0,28		0,35	13,88
					Total: 1340

The circulation flow in the sections was taken according to formula (2.23). The diameters of the circulation pipes in the risers were taken to be the same as the diameters of the distribution pipes; on highways they were accepted one size smaller.

The total head loss due to friction and local resistance in the network was 1340 mm. Here it is necessary to take into account the pressure losses in the water heater when passing the circulation flow, which are determined by formula (2.17)

M = 7.9 mm = 8 mm

Thus, the pressure loss in the design circulation ring will be

Opportunity identified natural circulation. The natural circulation pressure is determined for a system with lower wiring according to formula (2.25)

13.2 (986.92 - 985.73) + 2(985.73 - 983.24) = 20.69 mm

The pressure loss in the circulation ring (1348 mm) significantly exceeds the natural circulation pressure (20.69 mm), so pump circulation is designed.

The performance of the circulation pump is determined by formula (2.26)

The required pump pressure is determined by formula (2.27)

According to adj. XIII [3] we accept the K50-32-125 (K8/18b) pump with a nominal capacity of 2.5 l/s and a head of 11.4 m. These values ​​​​exceed the calculated ones, therefore it is possible to replace the engine with a speed of 2860 rpm with 1480 rpm min. From formula (7.1) [3] we determine that

l/s; m.

In this case, the power on the pump shaft will become

kW

Here the quantities Q 1 , H 1 , N 1 correspond to the number of revolutions n 1=1480 rpm

3. DESIGN OF THE INTERNAL WATER WATER SYSTEM

The drainage system includes a set of engineering devices inside the building for receiving Wastewater and their discharge outside the building into the street drainage network. It consists of the following main elements:

Wastewater receivers - sanitary fixtures;

Hydraulic valves (siphons);

Branch lines;

Risers with exhaust pipes;

Issues.

A special place is occupied by the yard drainage network, which serves to drain wastewater from buildings into street sewers.

Calculation of hot water supply systems consists of determining the diameters of the supply and circulation pipelines, selecting water heaters (heat exchangers), generators and heat accumulators (if necessary), determining the required pressure at the inlet, selecting booster and circulation pumps, if they are necessary.

Calculation of a hot water supply system consists of the following sections:

The estimated costs of water and heat are determined and, on the basis of this, the power and dimensions of water heaters are determined.

The supply (distribution) network is calculated in water collection mode.

The hot water supply network is calculated in circulation mode; the possibilities of using natural circulation are determined, and if necessary, parameters are determined and circulation pumps are selected.

In accordance with the individual assignment for coursework and diploma design, calculations of storage tanks and coolant networks can be made.

2.2.1. Determination of estimated consumption of hot water and heat. Selection of water heaters

To determine the heating surface and further selection of water heaters, hourly consumption of hot water and heat is required; to calculate pipelines, second consumption of hot water is required.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of SNiP 2.04.01-85, the second and hourly consumption of hot water are determined using the same formulas as for cold water supply.

The maximum second consumption of hot water at any calculated section of the network is determined by the formula:

- second consumption of hot water by one device, which is determined by:

a separate device - in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 2;

different devices serving the same consumers - according to Appendix 3;

various devices serving different water consumers - according to the formula:

, (2.2)

- second consumption of hot water, l/s, by one water tap for each group of consumers: taken according to Appendix 3;

N i – number of water taps for each type of water consumer;

- probability of operation of devices determined for each group of water consumers;

a is the coefficient determined according to Appendix 4 depending on the total number of devices N in the network section and the probability of their action P, which is determined by the formulas:

a) with identical water consumers in buildings or structures

, (2.3)

Where
- maximum hourly consumption of hot water of 1 liter by one water consumer, taken according to Appendix 3;

U – number of hot water consumers in a building or structure;

N – number of devices served by the hot water supply system;

b) with different groups of water consumers in buildings for various purposes

, (2.4)

and N i - values ​​​​related to each group of hot water consumers.

The maximum hourly consumption of hot water, m 3 / h, is determined by the formula:

, (2.5)

- hourly consumption of hot water by one device, which is determined by:

a) with identical consumers - according to Appendix 3;

b) for different consumers - according to the formula

, l/s (2.6)

And
- values ​​related to each type of hot water consumer;

magnitude determined by the formula:

, (2.7)

- coefficient determined according to Appendix 4 depending on the total number of devices N in the hot water supply system and the probability of their operation P.

Average hourly hot water consumption , m 3 / h, for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption, incl., is determined by the formula:

, (2.8)

- maximum daily hot water consumption of 1 liter by one water consumer, taken according to Appendix 3;

U – number of hot water consumers.

The amount of heat (heat flow) for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption for the needs of hot water supply, taking into account heat loss, is determined by the formulas:

a) within a maximum hour

b) during the average hour

And - maximum and average hourly consumption of hot water in m 3 / h, determined by formulas (2.5) and (2.8);

t s – design temperature cold water; in the absence of data in the building, t is taken equal to +5ºС;

Q ht – heat losses from supply and circulation pipelines, kW, which are determined by calculation depending on the lengths of pipeline sections, outer diameters of pipes, temperature difference between hot water and the environment surrounding the pipeline and the heat transfer coefficient through the walls of the pipes; In this case, the efficiency of pipe thermal insulation is taken into account. Depending on these values, heat loss is given in various reference books.

When calculating in course projects, heat loss Q ht by supply and circulation pipes can be taken in the amount of 0.2-0.3 of the amount of heat required for preparing hot water.

In this case, formulas (2.9) and (2.10) will take the form:

a) , kW (2.11)

b) , kW (2.12)

A smaller percentage of heat loss is accepted for systems without circulation. Most civil buildings use high-speed sectional water heaters with variable output, i.e. with adjustable coolant consumer. Such water heaters do not require heat storage tanks and are designed for maximum hourly heat flow
.

The selection of water heaters consists of determining the heating surface of the coils using the formula:

, m 3 (2.13)

K – heat transfer coefficient of the water heater, taken according to table 11.2; for high-speed water-water heaters with brass heating tubes, the value of k can be taken in the range of 1200-3000 W/m sq., ºC, with a smaller one accepted for devices with smaller section diameters;

µ - coefficient of reduction in heat transfer through the heat exchange surface due to deposits on the walls (µ = 0.7);

- calculated temperature difference between the coolant and heated water; for counterflow high-speed water heaters
º is determined by the formula:

, ºС (2.14)

Δt b and Δt m – greater and lesser temperature difference between the coolant and heated water at the ends of the water heater.

The parameters of the coolant during the winter calculation period, when the heating networks of buildings are operating, are assumed to be 110-130 ºC in the supply pipeline and -70 in the return pipeline, the parameters of the heated water during this period are t c = 5ºC and t c = 60...70 ºC. IN summer period the heating network only works for preparing hot water; The parameters of the coolant during this period in the supply pipeline are 70...80 ºC and in the return pipeline 30...40 ºC, the parameters of the heated water are t c = 10...20 ºC and t c = 60...70 ºC.

When calculating the heating surface of a water heater, it may happen that the determining period will be the summer period, when the temperature of the coolant is lower.

For cylinder water heaters, the calculation for the temperature difference is determined by the formula:

, ºC (2.15)

t n and t k – initial and final temperature of the coolant;

t h and t c – temperature of hot and cold water.

However, DHW water heaters are used for industrial buildings. They take up a lot of space and in these cases can be installed outdoors.

The heat transfer coefficient for such water heaters, according to table 11.2, is 348 W/m2 ºC.

The required number of standard sections of water heaters is determined:

, pcs (2.16)

F – design heating surface of the water heater, m2;

f – heating surface of one section of the water heater, adopted according to Appendix 8.

The pressure loss in a high-speed water heater can be determined by the formula:

, m (2.17)

n – coefficient taking into account the overgrowth of pipes, is taken according to experimental data: in their absence, with one cleaning of the water heater per year n=4;

m – coefficient of hydraulic resistance of one section of the water heater: with a section length of 4 m m=0.75, with a section length of 2 m m=0.4;

n in – number of sections of the water heater;

v is the speed of movement of heated water in the water heater tubes without taking into account their overgrowth.

, m/s (2.18)

q h – maximum second water flow through the water heater, m/s;

W total - the total open cross-sectional area of ​​the water heater tubes is determined by the number of tubes, taken according to Appendix 8, and the diameter of the tubes, taken as 14 mm.

In the near future, residents will begin to pay for hot water according to a new principle: separately for the water itself and separately for heating it.
So far, enterprises and organizations are already using the new rules, but for residents the old accounting remains. Due to communal confusion, housing services companies refuse to pay heat power companies. Fontanka understood the complexities of the two-part tariff.

Earlier

Until 2014, the population and businesses paid for hot water as follows. For the calculation it was necessary to know only the consumed number of cubic meters. It was multiplied by the tariff and by the figure artificially derived by officials - 0.06 Gcal. This is exactly the amount of thermal energy, according to their calculations, that is needed to heat one cubic meter of water. As Deputy Chairman of the Tariff Committee Irina Bugoslavskaya told Fontanka, the indicator “0.06 Gcal” was derived based on the following data: the temperature of the hot water provided should be 60 - 75 degrees, the temperature of the cold water used to prepare hot water should be 15 degrees in winter, 5 degrees in summer. According to Bugoslavskaya, committee officials made several thousand measurements, taking information from metering devices - the artificially derived figure was confirmed.

In connection with the use of this payment method, a problem arose with risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system. They heat the air, that is, they consume Gcal. From October to April this thermal energy is added to heating; in the summer this cannot be done. For a year now, a system has been in place in St. Petersburg according to which payments for heat supply can be charged only during the heating season. As a result, unaccounted heat is generated.

Solution

In May 2013, federal officials came up with a way out of the situation of unaccounted for heating with heated towel rails and risers. To achieve this, it was decided to introduce a two-component tariff. Its essence lies in separate payment for cold water and its heating - thermal energy.

There are two types of heating systems. One implies that the hot water pipe comes from the one intended for heating, the other implies that for hot water, water is taken from the cold water supply system and heated.

If hot water is taken from the same pipe as heating, then payment for it will be calculated taking into account the costs associated with chemical treatment, staff salaries, and equipment maintenance. If cold water from the State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” is used for heating, then the payment for it is taken according to the tariff - now it is a little more than 20 rubles.

The heating tariff is calculated based on how many resources were spent on the production of thermal energy.

Confused housing residents

From January 1, 2014, a two-component tariff was introduced for consumers who do not belong to the “population” group, that is, for organizations and enterprises. In order for citizens to be able to pay according to the new principle, it is necessary to make changes to regulations. Payment under the new system is prohibited by the rules for the provision of utility services. Since residents are still paying old scheme, housing organizations serving buildings with non-residential premises have received a new headache.

With the arrival of cold weather, many Russians are concerned about how to pay for utilities. For example, To How to calculate hot water and how often you should pay for these services. To answer all these questions, you first need to clarify whether a water meter is installed in this home. If the meter is installed, then the calculation is made according to a certain scheme.

The first thing you need to do is look at the receipt for housing and communal services that came last month. In this document you should find a column that indicates the amount of water consumed for the last month; we will need figures with indicators at the end of the last reporting period.

The first thing you need to do is look at the receipt for housing and communal services that came last month

After these readings are written out, they should be entered into a new document. In this case, we are talking about a receipt for payment for housing and communal services for the next reporting period. As you can see, the answers to the questions of how to calculate the cost of hot water using a meter and how to determine its consumption are quite simple. It is necessary to take all water meter readings promptly and correctly.

By the way, many management companies themselves enter the above information into payment document. In this case, you won’t have to look for data in old receipts. You also need to remember that in situations where the water meter has just been installed and these are the first readings, the previous ones will be zeros.

The initial readings of some modern meters may contain some other numbers rather than zeros

I would also like to clarify that the initial readings of some modern meters may contain not zeros, but some other numbers. In this case, in the receipt in the column where you need to indicate the previous readings, you need to leave exactly these numbers.

The process of searching for previous meter readings is very important if you need to understand the question of how to calculate hot water according to the meter. Without this data, it will not be possible to correctly calculate how many cubic meters of water were used in a given reporting period.

So, before you start studying the question of how to calculate the cost of hot water, you should learn how to take water meter readings.

Symbols on the meter

Almost all modern meters have a scale with at least 8 digits. The first 5 of which are black, but the second 3 are red.

Important

It is important to understand that only the first 3 digits, which are black, are displayed on the receipt. Because these are cubic meters data, and it is based on them that the cost of water is calculated. But the data that is colored red is liters. They do not need to be indicated on receipts. Although these data make it possible to estimate how many liters of water a particular family consumes over a certain reporting period. In this way, you can understand whether it is worth saving on this benefit or whether the consumption is within normal limits. And of course, you can determine how much water is spent on bathing procedures, and how much on washing dishes, and so on.

It is important to understand that the receipt displays only the first 3 digits, which are black.

To correctly understand how to calculate the tariff for hot water, you should know on what day of the month the readings of this device are taken. Here, you need to remember that water meter data must be taken at the end of each reporting period, after which it must be transferred to the appropriate authority. This can be done through a phone call or via the Internet.

On a note! It should be remembered that the figures are always indicated at the beginning of the reporting period (that is, those that were taken last month) and at the end (these are those that are being taken now).

This regulation is prescribed in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011, number 354.

How to calculate the service correctly?

It is no secret that the legislation of our country is constantly changing, and therefore citizens are beginning to worry about the question of how to calculate hot water or any other utility costs.

If we talk specifically about water, then we should take into account the fact that payment consists of certain components:

• indicators of a water meter, which is located in the room and controls the flow of cold water;
• indicators of the meter, which shows the consumption of hot water in a given apartment;
• indicators of a device that calculates the cold water consumption of all tenants;
• data from the meter that monitors the consumption of the residents of the house; it is installed in the basement of the house;
• the share of a specific apartment in the total expense;
• the share that corresponds to a specific apartment in this building.

The penultimate indicator is the most incomprehensible, although in fact everything is quite accessible. It is taken into account when determining the amount of resource that was spent on everyone. It is also called “general house needs”. This, by the way, also applies to the last indicator; it is calculated when general house needs are calculated.

Calculation of hot water consumption

As for the first two indicators, they are quite understandable. They depend on the residents themselves, because a person can choose for himself whether to save the consumption of a particular resource or not. But in other cases, it all depends on how often wet cleaning is done in the entrance of the house, on the number of riser leaks, and so on.

The worst thing about this calculation system is that almost the entire part of the general household needs is fictitious. After all, in every building there are residents who incorrectly indicate their individual indicators, or, for example, one person is registered in their apartment, but five live. Then the general house needs had to be calculated based on the fact that 3 people live in apartment No. 5, and not 1. In this case, everyone else would have to pay a little less. As you can see, the question of how to calculate hot water still needs careful research.

That is why our officials are still trying to figure out how to calculate the fee for hot water and which mechanism would be the most successful.

Do everyone have the same rates?

To save money, you should always turn on the tap if you don’t need to use water at the moment.

To do this, just go to the website of the management company or just call them. Also, similar information is contained on the receipt that comes to each resident.

After this data has been found, the cost of the consumed cubic meters of resource should be calculated. Next, calculating the payment for hot water is quite simple; this is done in the same way as in the case of all other resources. You should take the number of cubic meters spent and multiply by the specific tariff.

It should be noted that today there are many ways you can save hot water consumption, thereby reducing your costs for paying for it. To do this, you can use special nozzles on the faucet; they will help you not spray water so much and control the pressure power. You should also open the tap valve not at full strength, so the stream will flow under less pressure, but the water will not fly out in all directions. And of course, you should always turn on the tap if you don’t need to use water at the moment. For example, when a person brushes his teeth or washes his hair (while his head is being soaped or his toothbrush is being lubricated, the water tap can be closed).

All these tips will help reduce the cost of paying for hot or cold water, thereby helping to correctly calculate hot water consumption.

Difference between hot and cold water calculations

Of course, this formula, as well as the one that takes into account hot water consumption, has many flaws. Due to the fact that general house indicators are taken into account, it is difficult to control where the difference went between the individual indicators of all residents and the data that was taken from the water meter installed on the house. Perhaps this is really true, and all this water was used to clean the entrance. But this is hard to believe. Of course, there are residents who deceive the state and give incorrect data, but there are also errors in the operation of the pipeline system itself (the sewer pipes in most houses are old and can leak, so the water goes nowhere).

Hot water invoice

For a long time now, our government has been thinking about how to correctly calculate hot and cold water and how to improve the existing mechanism.

For example, in 2013, our authorities came to the conclusion that it was necessary to establish standard norms for general household needs and that this data should be taken into account when calculating the cost of one cubic meter water. This helped to slightly restrain the zeal of our management companies and help the citizens of the country. You can find out these numbers from the management company. But this only applies to those cases where residents have entered into an agreement with the management company. If we are talking about Vodokanal, then each locality will have its own separate fixed minimum payment. And, for example, an overpayment in a given reporting period may cover expenses in the next one.

As you can see, there is a whole diagram that makes it clear how to calculate hot water heating or how to calculate how much to pay for cold water consumption.

Charging for hot water supply consists of two parts, or components, each of which is highlighted in a separate line on the receipt - DHW and DHW heating. This is due to the fact that in Academichesky houses, water preparation is carried out directly by the management company in individual heating points of each house. In the process of preparing hot water, two types of utility resources are used - cold water and thermal energy.

The first component, the so-called DHW supply- this is directly the volume of water that passed through the hot water supply meter and was consumed indoors in a month. Or, if the readings were not taken, or the meter turned out to be faulty or its verification period has expired - the volume of water determined by calculation according to the average or standard for the quantity prescribed.. The procedure for calculating the volume of hot water supply is exactly the same as for To calculate the cost of this service, the tariff for cold water is applied, since in this case it is cold water that is purchased from the supplier.

The second component DHW heating- this is the amount of thermal energy that was expended to heat the volume of cold water provided to the apartment to hot temperature. This amount is determined based on the readings of the common house heat energy meter.

In general, the fee for hot water supply is calculated using the following formula:

P i gv = Vi gv × T hv+ (V v cr × Vi gv/ ∑ Vi gv × T v cr)

Vi Guards- the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period (month) in an apartment or non-residential premises

T xv- tariff for cold water

V v cr- the amount of thermal energy used during the billing period to heat cold water during the independent production of hot water by the management company

∑ Vi gv- the total volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in all rooms of the house

T v cr- tariff for thermal energy

Calculation example:

Let's assume that hot water consumption in an apartment for a month is 7 m3. Hot water consumption throughout the house is 465 m3. The amount of thermal energy spent on heating hot water according to a common house meter is 33.5 Gcal

7 m 3 * 33.3 rub. + (33.5 Gcal * 7 m 3 / 465 m 3 * 1331.1 rub.) = 233.1 + 671.3 = 904.4 rub.

Of which:

233.1 rub. - payment for actual water consumption (DHW line in the receipt)

671.3 - payment for thermal energy spent on heating water to the required temperature (DHW heating line in the receipt)

IN in this example To heat one cube of hot water, 0.072 gigacalories of thermal energy were spent.

IN the value showing how many gigacalories were required to heat 1 cubic meter of water in the calculation period is called coefficient DHW heating

The heating coefficient is not the same from month to month and largely depends on the following parameters:

Cold water supply temperature. IN different time During the year, the cold water temperature ranges from +2 to +20 degrees. Accordingly, in order to heat water to the required temperature, different amounts of thermal energy will have to be expended.

The total volume of water consumed per month in all areas of the house. This value is largely influenced by the number of apartments that submitted their testimony in the current month, recalculations, and, in general, the discipline of residents in submitting their testimony.

Thermal energy consumption for hot water circulation. Water circulation in the pipes occurs continuously, including during the hours of minimum water withdrawal. That is, for example, at night, hot water is practically not used by residents, but thermal energy for heating water is still spent to maintain the required temperature of hot water in heated towel rails and at the entrances to apartments. This figure is especially high in new, sparsely populated buildings and stabilizes as the number of residents increases.

The average values ​​of DHW heating coefficients for each block are given in the section “Tariffs and calculation coefficients”

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2017:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub/Gcal = 43.8285 rub/sq.m.

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 14.6095 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1211.33 rubles/Gcal = 39.0048 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1211.33 rub./Gcal = 44.3347 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply per person in 2017:

Standard DHW consumption

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1197.50 rub./Gcal = 253.87 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1211.33 rub./Gcal = 256.80 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2017:

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 55.9233 rub./cubic. m.

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1211.33 rub./Gcal = 56.5691 rub./cubic. m

2016

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2016:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub/Gcal = 42.8429 rub/sq.m.

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 14.2810 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1197.50 rubles/Gcal = 38.5595 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 43.8285 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2016:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1170.57 rub./Gcal = 248.16 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1197.50 rub./Gcal = 253.87 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2016:

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 54.6656 rub./cubic. m

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 55.9233 rub./cubic. m

2015

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2015:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff = cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 36.2523 rub./sq.m

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 12.0841 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1170.57 rubles/Gcal = 37.6924 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 42.8429 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2015:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff = cost DHW services for 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *990.50 rub./Gcal = 209.986 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1170.57 rub./Gcal = 248.1608 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2015:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy = cost of service for heating 1 cubic meter. m

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 46.2564 rub./cubic. m

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 54.6656 rub./cubic. m

year 2014

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2014:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff = cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 34.2001 rub./sq.m

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 11.4000 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 31.8941 rub./sq. m

November – December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 36.2523 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply per 1 person in 2014:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff = cost of DHW service per 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 198.0991 rub./person.

July – December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 209.986 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2014:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy = cost of service for heating 1 cubic meter. m

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 43.6378 rub./cubic. m

July – December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 46.2564 rub./cubic. m

year 2013

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2013:

Heating consumption standard

• January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 31.1477 rub./sq.m
• May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m *851.03 rub./Gcal =10.3826 rub./sq.m
• October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 30.0886 rub./sq. m
• November – December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 34.2001 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply per 1 person in 2013:

DHW consumption standard

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

• January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 180.4184 rub./person.
• July – December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 198.0991 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2013:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water

• January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 39.7431 rub./cubic. m
• July – December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 43.6378 rub./cubic. m

year 2012

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2012:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or Mechel-Energo LLC) = The cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m

• January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 27.3578 rub./sq. m
• May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 9.1193 rub./sq. m
• October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 27.4032 rub./sq. m
• November - December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 31.1477 rub./sq. m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2012:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or Mechel-Energo LLC) = cost of DHW service per 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

• January - June 0.2120 Gcal/per 1 person. per month * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 158.47 rub./person.
• July - August 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 792.47 rub./Gcal = 168.00 rub./person.
• September - December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 180.42 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services using a domestic hot water meter in 2012:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or LLC "Mechel-Energo") = cost of service for heating 1 cubic. m

• January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 34.9073 rub./cubic. m
• July – August 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 792.47 rub./Gcal = 37.0083 rub./cubic. m
• September–December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 39.7431 rub./cubic. m