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1 kilowatt [kW] = 0.239005736137667 kilocalorie (therm.) per second [kcal(T)/s]

Initial value

Converted value

watt exawatt petawatt terawatt gigawatt megawatt kilowatt hectowatt decawatt deciwatt centiwatt milliwatt microwatt nanowatt picowatt femtowatt attowatt horsepower horsepower metric horsepower boiler horsepower electric horsepower pump horsepower horsepower (German) Brit. thermal unit (int.) per British hour. thermal unit (int.) per minute brit. thermal unit (int.) per second brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per hour Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per minute brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per second MBTU (international) per hour Thousand BTU per hour MMBTU (international) per hour Million BTU per hour refrigeration ton kilocalorie (IT) per hour kilocalorie (IT) per minute kilocalorie (IT) per minute second kilocalorie (therm.) per hour kilocalorie (therm.) per minute kilocalorie (therm.) per second calorie (interm.) per hour calorie (interm.) per minute calorie (interm.) per second calorie (therm.) per hour calorie (therm) per minute calorie (therm) per second ft lbf per hour ft lbf/minute ft lbf/second lb-ft per hour lb-ft per minute lb-ft per second erg per second kilovolt-ampere volt-ampere newton meter per second joule per second exajoule per second petajoule per second terajoule per second gigajoule per second megajoule per second kilojoule per second hectojoule per second decajoule per second decijoule per second centijoule per second millijoule per second microjoule per second nanojoule per second picojoule per second femtojoule per second attojoule per second joule per hour joule per minute kilojoule per hour kilojoule per minute Planck power

More about power

General information

In physics, power is the ratio of work to the time during which it is performed. Mechanical work is a quantitative characteristic of the action of force F on a body, as a result of which it moves a distance s. Power can also be defined as the rate at which energy is transferred. In other words, power is an indicator of the machine's performance. By measuring power, you can understand how much work is done and at what speed.

Power units

Power is measured in joules per second, or watts. Along with watts, horsepower is also used. Before the invention of the steam engine, the power of engines was not measured, and, accordingly, there were no generally accepted units of power. When the steam engine began to be used in mines, engineer and inventor James Watt began improving it. To prove that his improvements made the steam engine more productive, he compared its power to the performance of horses, since horses had been used by people for many years, and many could easily imagine how much work a horse could do in a certain amount of time. In addition, not all mines used steam engines. On those where they were used, Watt compared the power of the old and new models of the steam engine with the power of one horse, that is, with one horsepower. Watt determined this value experimentally by observing the work of draft horses at a mill. According to his measurements, one horsepower is 746 watts. Now it is believed that this figure is exaggerated, and the horse cannot work in this mode for a long time, but they did not change the unit. Power can be used as a measure of productivity because as power increases, the amount of work done per unit of time increases. Many people realized that it was convenient to have a standardized unit of power, so horsepower became very popular. It began to be used in measuring the power of other devices, especially vehicles. Although watts have been around for almost as long as horsepower, horsepower is more commonly used in the automotive industry, and many consumers are more familiar with horsepower when it comes to power ratings for a car engine.

Power of household electrical appliances

Household electrical appliances usually have a wattage rating. Some fixtures limit the wattage of the bulbs they can use, such as no more than 60 watts. This is done because higher wattage lamps generate a lot of heat and the lamp socket may be damaged. And the lamp itself will not last long at high temperatures in the lamp. This is mainly a problem with incandescent lamps. LED, fluorescent and other lamps typically operate at lower wattages for the same brightness and, if used in fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs, wattage is not an issue.

The greater the power of an electrical appliance, the higher the energy consumption and the cost of using the device. Therefore, manufacturers are constantly improving electrical appliances and lamps. The luminous flux of lamps, measured in lumens, depends on the power, but also on the type of lamp. The greater the luminous flux of a lamp, the brighter its light appears. For people, it is the high brightness that is important, and not the power consumed by the llama, so lately alternatives to incandescent lamps have become increasingly popular. Below are examples of types of lamps, their power and the luminous flux they create.

450 lumens:

Incandescent: 40 watt
Compact Fluorescent Lamp: 9–13 watts
LED lamp: 4–9 watts

800 lumens:

Incandescent: 60 watt
CFL: 13–15 watts
LED lamp: 10–15 watts

1600 lumens:

Incandescent: 100 watt
CFL: 23–30 watts
LED lamp: 16–20 watts

From these examples it is obvious that for the same created luminous flux LED lamps consume the least amount of electricity and are more economical than incandescent lamps. At the time of writing this article (2013), the price LED lamps many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are planning to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

Power household electrical appliances may vary depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same during operation of the device. Below are the approximate wattages of some household appliances.

Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
Washers and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

Performance can be assessed using power not only for machines, but also for people and animals. For example, the power with which a basketball player throws a ball is calculated by measuring the force she applies to the ball, the distance the ball travels, and the time over which that force is applied. There are websites that allow you to calculate work and power during exercise. The user selects the type of exercise, enters height, weight, duration of exercise, after which the program calculates the power. For example, according to one of these calculators, the power of a person 170 centimeters tall and weighing 70 kilograms, who did 50 push-ups in 10 minutes, is 39.5 watts. Athletes sometimes use devices to measure the power at which muscles work during exercise. This information helps determine how effective their chosen exercise program is.

Dynamometers

To measure power, special devices are used - dynamometers. They can also measure torque and force. Dynamometers are used in various industries, from technology to medicine. For example, they can be used to determine the power of a car engine. There are several main types of dynamometers used to measure vehicle power. In order to determine engine power using dynamometers alone, it is necessary to remove the engine from the car and attach it to the dynamometer. In other dynamometers, the force for measurement is transmitted directly from the car wheel. In this case, the car's engine through the transmission drives the wheels, which, in turn, rotate the rollers of the dynamometer, which measures engine power under various road conditions.

Dynamometers are also used in sports and medicine. The most common type of dynamometer for these purposes is isokinetic. Typically this is a sports trainer with sensors connected to a computer. These sensors measure strength and power of the entire body or specific muscle groups. The dynamometer can be programmed to issue signals and warnings if the power exceeds a certain value. This is especially important for people with injuries during the rehabilitation period, when it is necessary not to overload the body.

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. The physical exertion of some exercises, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many factors environment such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise regimen, depending on the desired load.

Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question in TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

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1 kilocalorie (int.) per hour [kcal/h] = 0.001163 kilowatt [kW]

Initial value

Converted value

More about power

General information

Power units

Power of household electrical appliances

450 lumens:

Incandescent: 40 watt
CFL: 9–13 watts
LED lamp: 4–9 watts

800 lumens:

Incandescent: 60 watt
CFL: 13–15 watts
LED lamp: 10–15 watts

1600 lumens:

Incandescent: 100 watt
CFL: 23–30 watts
LED lamp: 16–20 watts

From these examples it is obvious that with the same luminous flux created, LED lamps consume the least amount of electricity and are more economical compared to incandescent lamps. At the time of writing this article (2013), the price of LED lamps is many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are planning to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

The power of household electrical appliances may vary depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same during operation of the appliance. Below are the approximate wattages of some household appliances.

Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
Washers and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

Dynamometers

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. The physical performance of some exercises, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many environmental factors, such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise regimen, depending on the desired load.

What is Gcal? Everything is very simple. The value of Gcal/hour itself tells us that this is the amount of heat generated, released or received by the consumer in 1 hour. Therefore, if we want to find out the number of Gcal per day, we multiply by 24, per month - by another 30 or 31, depending on the number of days in the billing period.
And now the most interesting thing - Why will we convert Gcal/hour to Gcal ?

Let's start with the fact that Gcal is the value that we most often see in the receipt for payment for housing and communal services.

The heating supply organization, through simple calculations, determined how much money it needs to receive by giving us 1 Gcal to compensate for its costs of gas, electricity, rent, payment to its workers, the cost of spare parts, taxes to the state (by the way, they are almost 50% of the cost of 1 Gcal) and at the same time have a small profit. We will not touch on this side of the issue now, You can argue about tariffs as much as you like , and always any of the disputing parties is right in its own way. This is a market, and in the market, as they said under the communists, there are two fools - and each of them is trying to deceive the other.

The main thing for us how to touch and count this Gcal. The dry rule is that a calorie is a 1000 million part Gcal, a unit of work or energy equal to the amount of heat required to heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree at an atmospheric pressure of 101,325 Pa (1 atm = 1 kgf/cm2 or roughly = 0.1 MPa).

Most often we encounter - gigacalorie (Gcal)(10 to the ninth power of calories), sometimes incorrectly called hecocalories. Do not confuse it with HectoCal - we almost never hear about HectoCal except in textbooks.

This is the ratio of Kal and Gcal to each other.

1 Cal
1 hectocal = 100 cal
1 kilocal (kcal) = 1000 cal
1 megaCal (Mcal) = 1000 kcal = 1000000 Cal
1 gigaCal (Gcal) = 1000 Mcal = 1000000 kcal = 1000000000 Cal

When, speaking or writing on receipts, Gcal– we are talking about how much heat was released to you or will be released for the entire period – this could be a day, a month, a year, heating season etc.
When they say or write Gcal/hour- it means, . If the calculation is for a month, then we multiply these ill-fated Gcal by the number of hours per day (24 if there were no interruptions in heat supply) and days per month (for example, 30), but also when we actually received heat.

Now how to calculate this one gigacalorie or hecocalorie (Gcal) allotted to you personally.

To do this we need to know:

- temperature at the supply (supply pipeline of the heating network) - average value per hour;
- temperature on the return line (return pipeline of the heating network) - also average per hour.
— coolant consumption in the heating system for the same period of time.

We calculate the temperature difference between what came to our house and what returned from us heating network.

For example: 70 degrees came, we returned 50 degrees, we have 20 degrees left.
And we also need to know the water flow in the heating system.
If you have a heat meter, look for the value on the screen in t/hour. By the way, with a good heat meter, you can immediately find Gcal/hour- or, as they sometimes say, instantaneous consumption, then you don’t need to count, just multiply it by hours and days and get heat in Gcal for the range you need.

True, this will also be approximately, as if the heat meter itself counts for each hour and stores it in its archive, where you can always look at them. Average hourly archives are stored for 45 days, and menstruation for up to three years. Indications in Gcal can always be found and checked by the management company or.

But what if there is no heat meter? You have an agreement, there are always these ill-fated Gcal. Using them we calculate the consumption in t/hour.
For example, the contract states that the permitted maximum heat consumption is 0.15 Gcal/hour. It may be written differently, but Gcal/hour will always be there.
We multiply 0.15 by 1000 and divide by the temperature difference from the same contract. You will have indicated temperature graph– for example 95/70 or 115/70 or 130/70 with a cut of 115, etc.

0.15 x 1000/(95-70) = 6 tons/hour, these are the 6 tons per hour that we need, this is our planned pumping (coolant flow) to which we must strive in order to avoid overheating and underheating (unless of course in the contract you were correctly indicated the value of Gcal/hour)

And finally, we count the heat received earlier - 20 degrees (the temperature difference between what came to our house and what returned from us to the heating network) multiplied by the planned pumping (6 t/hour) we get 20 x 6/1000 = 0.12 Gcal/hour.

This amount of heat in Gcal released to the entire house will be calculated for you personally Management Company, this is usually done based on the ratio of the total area of the apartment to the heated area of the entire house; I will write more about this in another article.

The method we described is of course crude, but for each hour this method is possible, just keep in mind that some heat meters average flow rates over different periods of time from several seconds to 10 minutes. If the water consumption changes, for example, who dispenses the water, or you have weather-sensitive automation, the readings in Gcal may differ slightly from those you received. But this is on the conscience of the heat meter developers.

And one more small note, value of consumed thermal energy (amount of heat) on your heat meter(heat meter, heat quantity calculator) can be displayed in various units of measurement - Gcal, GJ, MWh, kWh. I present the ratio of the units of Gcal, J and kW for you in the table: And it’s even better, more accurate and easier if you use a calculator to convert energy units from Gcal to J or kW.

WE COUNT THERMAL ENERGY!

When you start to understand the issue of calculating thermal energy, it seems so complicated, you assume that only an academician can understand these calculations, and then with a specialization in housing and communal services (probably, there are no such things). But when you become familiar with the terms and get used to the essence of this issue, everything becomes clearer and becomes less scary.

There is an opinion that in the post-Soviet space we, as always, differ from the rest of the planet and instead of counting thermal energy in joules (J), we count it in the old non-systemic units of measurement of calories, or rather in units of measurement of thermal energy derived from calories - gigacalories ( Gcal). It's essentially the same thing, just with an extra nine zeros (109 calories).

Due to the fact that in various fields of activity the reference water temperature is taken different temperature, there are several different definitions of a calorie in joules (J).
1 cal = 4.1868 J (1 J ≈ 0.2388459 cal) International calorie, 1956.
1 calt = 4.184 J (1 J = 0.23901 calt) Thermochemical calorie.
1 cal15 = 4.18580 J (1 J = 0.23890 cal15) Calorie at 15°C.

The unit of measurement Joule (J) is a unit of energy in the CI system.
It is defined as the work of a force of one Newton at a distance of 1 meter, it follows that 1 J = 1 N*m = 1 kg*m**2/sec**2. In turn, this is associated with the definition of the unit of mass in kilograms (kg), length in meters (m) and time in seconds (sec) in the CI system.
One J = 0.239 calories, one GJ = 0.239 Gcal, and one gigacalorie = 4.186 GJ.

Today, as is best known, fair half of humanity, it is customary to measure in calories energy value(calorie content) of food – Kcal. The whole world has long forgotten about the use of Gcal for evaluation in heat power engineering, heating systems, and public utilities, but we persistently continue to count in this way.

But be that as it may, from here comes another derived unit of measurement Gcal/hour (gigacalorie per hour). It characterizes the amount of thermal energy used or produced by this or that equipment or coolant in one hour. Gcal/hour as a value is equivalent to thermal power, but we don’t need this yet.

To better understand the issue, let's look a little more at some more units of measurement and do some simple arithmetic calculations.

Once again, just to consolidate understanding. One Calorie is equal to 1 calorie, one Kilocalorie is equal to 1000 calories, one megacalorie is equal to 1,000,000 calories, one Gigacalorie is equal to 1,000,000,000 (1×109 calories)

One calorie releases the amount of heat that is necessary to heat one gram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere (we will also omit pressure for now, although this is the constant value of all formulas and its standard value atmospheric pressure equals 101.325 kPa).

Now we can assume that Gigacalorie per one square meter the total area of the room is the amount of thermal energy consumed for heating the room. And as confirmation of what has been said, this unit of measurement was provided for in the “Rules for the provision of utility services for use in calculations.”

In other words, one gigacalorie (Gcal) heats one thousand cubic meters of water by one degree Celsius or about 16.7 cubic meters water at 60 degrees Celsius (1000/60=16.666667).

This information may be useful in assessing the performance of hot water supply meters (DHW).

Heat meters keep their records in the unit of measurement Gcal or, rarely, in megajoules. Energy generating companies are known to use Gcal in their calculations.

Each fuel during combustion has its own heat transfer rates for a certain amount of this fuel, the so-called calorific value solid and liquid fuels are measured in Kcal/kg. If you are interested, look on the net, but as an example, I will say that the calculations use standard fuel, the calorific value of which is equal to 7 Gcal per 1 ton of fuel, and for natural gas– 8.4 Gcal per 1 thousand cubic meters of gas.

If you have understood all these meanings, we can try to check the energy company or your neighbors heat terrorists without leaving your apartment!

How to check everyone without leaving your apartment?

According to the source of this information, if you can carry out all these calculations correctly, then based on your figures you will be able to check the energy company and file a claim with your operating organization or condominiums, demanding a recalculation.

Let's try to do this using the data received on the forum at the site address: gro-za.pp.ua/forum/index.php?topic=4436.0

So, a few more numbers to “digest”:

Kilowatt hour. It is mainly used when paying for electricity (in electric meters). Comes from a unit of power called Watt (W) and is equal to 1 J of energy used for 1 second.

For example, a 60 W light bulb consumes 60 Wg = 0.060 kWh of energy for 1 hour. Or in joules and kilocalories: 1 KWh = 3600 KJ = 860.4 Kilocalories = 0.8604 megacalories; 1 gigacalorie = 1162.25 KWh = 1.16225 MWth (megawatt hours); 1 MWg = 0.8604 Gcal. The unit of power, Watt, is used to evaluate the heat transfer of heating devices (heat radiators).

So how can this information be used to benefit the central heating customer?

To do this, we need to assimilate some more data. Below is background information on the heat transfer of two types of radiators.
If your type of radiator is not among these two, you are out of luck, which means that if you are “lucky” you will find detailed information about your type of radiator on the net or in some reference books.

SO, THE FIRST TYPE OF RADIATOR. The nominal heat transfer of an aluminum radiator of the Calidor type from the Italian company Fondital (according to EN 442-2) is Q = 194 W at Dt = (Trad-Tpov) = 60 degrees Celsius, where Trad is the average water temperature in the radiator, Tpov is the air temperature in the room . Trad is equal to the difference in water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the radiator. With a single-pipe coolant supply, this difference is almost equal to the inlet temperature. For other values, Dt is the heat transfer value, which is taken with the correction factor K=((Dt/60))^n, where ^ is the operation of exponentiation, n=1.35.

Example: radiator temperature 45 degrees, air temperature 20 degrees. Then K = ((45-20)/60)^1.35 = 0.3067, and Q = 194 x 0.3067 = 59.5 W - three times less than the nominal value!

SECOND TYPE OF RADIATOR. The most common heating radiator is cast iron MS-140M4 500-0.9. The reference books indicate the power of thermal radiation for the cast iron section MS-140 in the amount of 160-180 W at a coolant temperature of 90°C. But, this heat transfer is achievable only under ideal (laboratory) conditions, which are unattainable in real life. Because the radiation power depends significantly on temperature, so the actual heat transfer of the cast iron section at 60°C will be no more than 80 W, and at 45°C - about 40 W. Supply of heated water from intra-house system V cast iron battery happens randomly. In order for the average temperature of the entire radiator to be 60°C, it is necessary to provide water supply with a temperature of at least 75°C, then water with a temperature of about 45°C will go to the “return”. Calculate how powerful the heat exchanger must be to heat a ton of water to a temperature level of 75°C. It must be taken into account that ten degrees are spent in thick metal pipes, which are brought to the house. That's why elevator unit(heat exchanger) should deliver 85...90°C and work at the limit of what is possible. It is impossible and unsafe to ensure a cast iron radiator temperature of 90°C with water (not steam) heating systems - you can get burns at 70°C.
In addition, it should be noted that curtains on the radiator lead to a reduction in heat transfer by 10–18%, the area of the cast iron radiator, the coating oil paint reduces heat transfer by 13%, and coating with zinc white increases heat transfer by 2.5%.

Having data on the actual temperature of the coolant at the inputs of apartment heating radiators, data on the heat transfer (in Watts) of one section of the heat radiator at the nominal temperature, you calculate the actual heat transfer at the actual temperature of the coolant. Multiply the obtained data by the number of seconds of time during which the results of measurements/calculations took place. Get the amount of thermal energy in Joules. Convert to gigacalories.

After this, you make a conclusion about who owes whom and how much. If you are owed money, file a claim with the balance holder of the house demanding a recalculation.

EXAMPLE:
Let one section of the central heating radiator actually deliver 30 watts. Let the area of the apartment be 84 sq.m. According to the above recommendation, you should have 1 section per 1 sq.m., that is, all you need is 84 sections, or 6 radiators, 14 sections each. The power of one radiator is 30x14 = 420 W = 0.42 kW. Over the course of a day, one radiator will produce 0.42x24 = 10.08 kWth of heat energy, and 6 radiators - 10.08x6 = 60.48 kWth, respectively. For a month we get 60.48x30 = 1814.4 kWh. Convert to gigacalories: (1814.4/1000) = 1.8144 MWg. x 0.8604 = 1.56 Gcal. The heating season lasts 6 months, of which more or less full heating is needed for 5 months, because in the first half of April the weather is already warm. And the second half of October is also frost-free. Thus, with the noted parameters, you get 1.56 x 5 = 7.8 Gcal. instead of the standard 0.147 Gcal/sq.m x 84 sq.m = 12.348 Gcal. That is, you received only 100% x 7.8 / 12.348 = 63% of the standard volume of heat energy, and 37% is the excess accrued funds for the central heating.

I hope everything is clear to everyone, and if it’s not clear, then it’s not my fault!

Be that as it may, I think we are ready for the main part of our conversation.

What is Gcal? Gcal - gigacalorie, that is, the measurement unit in which it is calculated thermal energy. You can calculate Gcal yourself, but first study some information about thermal energy. Let us consider in the article general information about calculations, as well as the formula for calculating Gcal.

What is Gcal?

A calorie is a certain amount of energy that is required to heat 1 gram of water to 1 degree. This condition observed under atmospheric pressure conditions. For thermal energy calculations, a larger value is used - Gcal. A gigacalorie corresponds to 1 billion calories. This value began to be used in 1995 in accordance with the document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.

In Russia, the average consumption per 1 sq.m. is 0.9342 Gcal per month. In each region, this value may change up or down depending on weather conditions.

What is a gigacalorie if it is converted into ordinary values?

1 Gigacalorie equals 1162.2 kilowatt-hours.
In order to heat 1 thousand tons of water to a temperature of +1 degree, 1 gigacalorie will be required.

Gcal in apartment buildings

IN apartment buildings gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. If you know the exact amount of heat energy that remains in the house, you can calculate the bill for heating. For example, if the house does not have a common house or individual device heat, then for central heating you will have to pay based on the area of the heated room. If a heat meter is installed, then wiring is implied horizontal type either serial or collector. In this option, two risers are made in the apartment for the supply and return pipes, and the system inside the apartment is determined by the residents. Such schemes are used in new houses. That is why residents can independently regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between comfort and savings.

The adjustment is made as follows:

Due to the throttling of heating batteries, the passage of the heating device is limited, therefore, the temperature in it decreases and the consumption of thermal energy decreases.
Installation of a general thermostat on the return pipe. In this option, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature in the apartment, and if it increases, then the flow rate decreases, and if it decreases, then the flow rate increases.

Gcal in private homes

If we talk about Gcal in a private house, then residents are primarily interested in the cost of heat energy for each type of fuel. Therefore, let’s look at some prices for 1 Gcal for different kinds fuel:

- 3300 rubles;
Liquefied gas - 520 rubles;
Coal - 550 rubles;
Pellets - 1800 rubles;
Diesel fuel - 3270 rubles;
Electricity - 4300 rubles.

The price may vary depending on the region, and it is also worth considering that the cost of fuel increases periodically.

General information about Gcal calculations

To calculate Gcal, it is necessary to make special calculations, the order of which is established by special regulations. The calculation is made utility services, who can explain to you the procedure for calculating Gcal, as well as decipher any unclear points.

If you have an individual device installed, you will be able to avoid any problems and overpayments. All you need to do is take the readings from the meter every month and multiply the resulting number by the tariff. The amount received must be paid for the use of heating.

Heat meters

The temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet of a certain section of the pipeline.
The flow rate of liquid that moves through heating devices.

Consumption can be determined using heat meters. Heat meters can be of two types:

Vane counters. Such devices are used to measure thermal energy, as well as consumption hot water. The difference between such meters and metering devices cold water- the material from which the impeller is made. In such devices it is most resistant to influence high temperatures. The operating principle is similar for the two devices:

The rotation of the impeller is transmitted to the metering device;
The impeller begins to rotate due to the movement of the working fluid;
The transfer is carried out without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.

Such devices have simple design, but their response threshold is low. And also they have reliable protection from distortion of readings. Using an antimagnetic screen, the impeller is prevented from braking by the external magnetic field.

Devices with a difference recorder. Such meters operate according to Bernoulli's law, which states that the speed of a liquid or gas flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. If the pressure is recorded by two sensors, the flow can be easily determined in real time. The counter involves electronics in the design. Almost all models provide information on the flow and temperature of the working fluid, and also determine the consumption of thermal energy. You can configure the work manually using a PC. You can connect the device to a PC via a port.

Many residents are wondering how to calculate the amount of Gcal for heating in open system heating, in which selection for hot water is possible. Pressure sensors are installed on the return and supply pipes at the same time. The difference in the flow rate of the working fluid will indicate the amount warm water, which was spent for household needs.

Formula for calculating Gcal for heating

If you do not have an individual device, then you need to use the following formula for calculating heat for heating: Q = V * (T1 - T2) / 1000, where:

Q is the total amount of heat energy.
V is the volume of hot water consumption. Measured in tons or cubic meters.
T1 is the hot water temperature, which is measured in degrees Celsius. In such a calculation, it is better to take into account the temperature that will be characteristic of a specific operating pressure. This indicator is called enthalpy. If there is no necessary sensor, then take the temperature that will be similar to the enthalpy. Typically, the average temperature is between 60-65 degrees Celsius.
T2 is the cold water temperature, measured in degrees Celsius. How do you know how to get to the pipeline from cold water not simple, therefore such values are determined by constant values. They, in turn, depend on the climatic conditions outside the house. For example, in the cold season, this value can be 5 degrees, and in warm times, when there is no heating, it can reach 15 degrees.
1000 is a factor that gives the answer in gigacalories. This value will be more accurate than regular calories.

In closed heating system gigacalories are calculated in a different form. In order to calculate Gcal in closed system heating, you must use the following formula: Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000, where:

Q is the previous volume of thermal energy;
V1 is the heat carrier flow rate parameter in the supply pipe. The heat source can be water vapor or ordinary water.
V2 - volume of water flow in the outlet pipe;
T1 - temperature in the coolant supply pipe;
T2 - temperature at the pipe outlet;
T - cold water temperature.

Calculation of thermal energy for heating using this formula depends on two parameters: the first shows the heat that enters the system, and the second shows the heat parameter when the coolant is removed through the return pipe.

Other methods for calculating Gcal for heating

Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.

All values in these formulas are the same as in the previous formula. Based on the above calculations, we can conclude that you can calculate Gcal for heating yourself. But you should seek advice from special companies that are responsible for supplying heat to the house, since their work and calculation system may differ from these formulas and consist of a different set of measures.

If you decide to make a “Warm Floor” system in your private home, then the principle of heating calculation will be completely different. The calculation will be much more complicated, since it is necessary to take into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also the values electrical network, from which the floor is heated. The companies that are responsible for monitoring the installation of heated floors will be different.

Many residents have difficulty converting kilocalories to kilowatts. This is due to many manuals of measuring units in the international system, which is called “C”. When converting kilocalories to kilowatts, the coefficient 850 should be used. That is, 1 kW equals 850 kcal. This calculation is much simpler than others, since it is not difficult to find out the required volume of gigacalories. 1 gigacalorie = 1 million calories.

During the calculation, it should be remembered that any modern devices have a small error. Mostly they are acceptable. But you need to calculate the error yourself. For example, this can be done using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1+V2) * 100, where:

R is the error of a common house heating device.
V1 and V2 are the previously indicated water flow parameters in the system.
100 is a coefficient that is responsible for converting the resulting value into a percentage.
In accordance with operational standards, the maximum error that can be is 2%. Basically, this figure does not exceed 1%.

Results of calculations of Gcal for heating

If you have correctly calculated the consumption of Gcal of thermal energy, then you do not have to worry about overpayments for public utilities. If we use the above formulas, we can conclude that when heating a residential building with an area of up to 200 sq.m. you will need to spend about 3 Gcal in 1 month. If we consider that the heating season in many regions of the country lasts approximately 6 months, then we can calculate the approximate consumption of thermal energy. To do this, multiply 3 Gcal by 6 months and get 18 Gcal.

Based on the information indicated above, we can conclude that all calculations on the consumption of thermal energy in a particular house can be done independently without the help of special organizations. But it is worth remembering that all data must be calculated accurately using special mathematical formulas. In addition, all procedures must be coordinated with special bodies that control such actions. If you are not sure that you will perform the calculation yourself, then you can use the services of professional specialists who are engaged in such work and have materials available that describe in detail the entire process and photos of heating system samples, as well as their connection diagrams.

Construction and finishing. Equipment. Wallpaper. Coloring. Facade

1 MW is how many Gcal hours. Calculating Gcal for heating is the first step towards a thaw in relations with mathematics and government agencies

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This is the ratio of Kal and Gcal to each other.

Now how to calculate this one gigacalorie or hecocalorie (Gcal) allotted to you personally.

What is Gcal?

Gcal in apartment buildings

Gcal in private homes

General information about Gcal calculations

Heat meters

Formula for calculating Gcal for heating

Other methods for calculating Gcal for heating

Results of calculations of Gcal for heating

More about power

General information

Power units

Power of household electrical appliances

Power in sports

Dynamometers

More about power

General information

Power units

Power of household electrical appliances

Power in sports

Dynamometers

This is the ratio of Kal and Gcal to each other.

Now how to calculate this one gigacalorie or hecocalorie (Gcal) allotted to you personally.

What is Gcal?

Gcal in apartment buildings

Gcal in private homes

General information about Gcal calculations

Heat meters

Formula for calculating Gcal for heating

Other methods for calculating Gcal for heating

Results of calculations of Gcal for heating

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