Length and distance converter Mass converter Volume converter for bulk products and food products Area converter Volume and units converter for cooking recipes Temperature converter Pressure converter, mechanical stress, Young's modulus Energy and work converter Power converter Force converter Time converter Linear velocity converter Flat angle Thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency converter Number converter in various number systems Converter of units of measurement of the amount of information Exchange rates Dimensions women's clothing and shoes Sizes of men's clothing and shoes Angular velocity and rotational speed converter Acceleration converter Angular acceleration converter Density converter Specific volume converter Moment of inertia converter Torque converter Torque converter Specific heat of combustion converter (by mass) Converter of energy density and specific heat of combustion of fuel (by mass) volume) Temperature difference converter Coefficient converter thermal expansion Thermal Resistance Converter Thermal Conductivity Converter Specific Heat Capacity Converter Energy Exposure and Thermal Radiation Power Converter Density Converter heat flow Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter Volume Flow Converter Converter mass flow Molar flow rate converter Mass flow density converter Molar concentration converter Mass concentration in solution converter Dynamic (absolute) viscosity converter Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Vapor permeability and vapor transfer rate converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Sound pressure level (SPL) level converter sound pressure with selectable reference pressure Brightness converter Luminous intensity converter Illuminance converter Resolution converter in computer graphics Frequency and Wavelength Converter Diopter Power and Focal Length Diopter Power and Lens Magnification (×) Electric Charge Converter Linear Charge Density Converter Surface Charge Density Converter Volume Charge Density Converter Converter electric current Linear Current Density Converter Surface Current Density Converter Electric Field Strength Converter Electrostatic Potential and Voltage Converter Electrical Resistance Converter Electrical Resistivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Electrical Capacitance Converter Inductance Converter American Wire Gauge Converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBm), dBV ( dBV), watts and other units Magnetomotive force converter Voltage converter magnetic field Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing radiation absorbed dose rate converter Radioactivity. Radioactive decay converter Radiation. Exposure dose converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefix Converter Data Transfer Typography and Imaging Unit Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Molar Mass Calculation Periodic Table chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev

1 megawatt [MW] = 860420.650095602 kilocalorie (therm.) per hour [kcal(T)/h]

Initial value

Converted value

watt exawatt petawatt terawatt gigawatt megawatt kilowatt hectowatt decawatt deciwatt centiwatt milliwatt microwatt nanowatt picowatt femtowatt attowatt horsepower horsepower metric horsepower boiler horsepower electric horsepower pump horsepower horsepower (German) Brit. thermal unit (int.) per British hour. thermal unit (int.) per minute brit. thermal unit (int.) per second brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per hour Brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per minute brit. thermal unit (thermochemical) per second MBTU (international) per hour Thousand BTU per hour MMBTU (international) per hour Million BTU per hour refrigeration ton kilocalorie (IT) per hour kilocalorie (IT) per minute kilocalorie (IT) per minute second kilocalorie (therm.) per hour kilocalorie (therm.) per minute kilocalorie (therm.) per second calorie (interm.) per hour calorie (interm.) per minute calorie (interm.) per second calorie (therm.) per hour calorie (therm) per minute calorie (therm) per second ft lbf per hour ft lbf/minute ft lbf/second lb-ft per hour lb-ft per minute lb-ft per second erg per second kilovolt-ampere volt-ampere newton meter per second joule per second exajoule per second petajoule per second terajoule per second gigajoule per second megajoule per second kilojoule per second hectojoule per second decajoule per second decijoule per second centijoule per second millijoule per second microjoule per second nanojoule per second picojoule per second femtojoule per second attojoule per second joule per hour joule per minute kilojoule per hour kilojoule per minute Planck power

More about power

General information

In physics, power is the ratio of work to the time during which it is performed. Mechanical work is a quantitative characteristic of the action of force F on a body, as a result of which it moves a distance s. Power can also be defined as the rate at which energy is transmitted. In other words, power is an indicator of the machine's performance. By measuring power, you can understand how much work is done and at what speed.

Power units

Power is measured in joules per second, or watts. Along with watts, horsepower is also used. Before the invention of the steam engine, the power of engines was not measured, and, accordingly, there were no generally accepted units of power. When the steam engine began to be used in mines, engineer and inventor James Watt began improving it. To prove that his improvements made the steam engine more productive, he compared its power to the performance of horses, since horses had been used by people for many years, and many could easily imagine how much work a horse could do in a certain amount of time. In addition, not all mines used steam engines. On those where they were used, Watt compared the power of the old and new models of the steam engine with the power of one horse, that is, with one horsepower. Watt determined this value experimentally by observing the work of draft horses at a mill. According to his measurements, one horsepower is 746 watts. Now it is believed that this figure is exaggerated, and the horse cannot work in this mode for a long time, but they did not change the unit. Power can be used as a measure of productivity because as power increases, the amount of work done per unit of time increases. Many people realized that it was convenient to have a standardized unit of power, so horsepower became very popular. It began to be used in measuring the power of other devices, especially vehicles. Although watts have been around for almost as long as horsepower, horsepower is more commonly used in the automotive industry, and many consumers are more familiar with horsepower when it comes to power ratings for a car engine.

Power of household electrical appliances

Household electrical appliances usually have a wattage rating. Some fixtures limit the wattage of the bulbs they can use, such as no more than 60 watts. This is done because higher wattage lamps generate a lot of heat and the lamp socket may be damaged. And the lamp itself will not last long at high temperatures in the lamp. This is mainly a problem with incandescent lamps. LED, fluorescent and other lamps typically operate at lower wattages for the same brightness and, if used in fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs, wattage is not an issue.

The greater the power of an electrical appliance, the higher the energy consumption and the cost of using the device. Therefore, manufacturers are constantly improving electrical appliances and lamps. The luminous flux of lamps, measured in lumens, depends on the power, but also on the type of lamp. The greater the luminous flux of a lamp, the brighter its light appears. For people, it is the high brightness that is important, and not the power consumed by the llama, so lately alternatives to incandescent lamps have become increasingly popular. Below are examples of types of lamps, their power and the luminous flux they create.

• 450 lumens:
• Incandescent: 40 watt
• Compact Fluorescent Lamp: 9–13 watts
• LED lamp: 4–9 watts
• 800 lumens:



• Incandescent: 60 watt
• CFL: 13–15 watts
• LED lamp: 10–15 watts
• 1600 lumens:
• Incandescent: 100 watt
• CFL: 23–30 watts
• LED lamp: 16–20 watts

From these examples it is obvious that for the same created luminous flux LED lamps consume the least amount of electricity and are more economical than incandescent lamps. At the time of writing this article (2013), the price LED lamps many times higher than the price of incandescent lamps. Despite this, some countries have banned or are planning to ban the sale of incandescent lamps due to their high power.

Power household electrical appliances may vary depending on the manufacturer, and is not always the same during operation of the device. Below are the approximate wattages of some household appliances.



• Household air conditioners for cooling a residential building, split system: 20–40 kilowatts
• Monoblock window air conditioners: 1–2 kilowatts
• Ovens: 2.1–3.6 kilowatts
• Washers and dryers: 2–3.5 kilowatts
• Dishwashers: 1.8–2.3 kilowatts
• Electric kettles: 1–2 kilowatts
• Microwave ovens: 0.65–1.2 kilowatts
• Refrigerators: 0.25–1 kilowatt
• Toasters: 0.7–0.9 kilowatts

Power in sports

Performance can be assessed using power not only for machines, but also for people and animals. For example, the power with which a basketball player throws a ball is calculated by measuring the force she applies to the ball, the distance the ball travels, and the time over which that force is applied. There are websites that allow you to calculate work and power during exercise. The user selects the type of exercise, enters height, weight, duration of exercise, after which the program calculates the power. For example, according to one of these calculators, the power of a person 170 centimeters tall and weighing 70 kilograms, who did 50 push-ups in 10 minutes, is 39.5 watts. Athletes sometimes use devices to measure the power at which muscles work during exercise. This information helps determine how effective their chosen exercise program is.

Dynamometers

To measure power, special devices are used - dynamometers. They can also measure torque and force. Dynamometers are used in various industries, from technology to medicine. For example, they can be used to determine the power of a car engine. There are several main types of dynamometers used to measure vehicle power. In order to determine engine power using dynamometers alone, it is necessary to remove the engine from the car and attach it to the dynamometer. In other dynamometers, the force for measurement is transmitted directly from the car wheel. In this case, the car's engine through the transmission drives the wheels, which, in turn, rotate the rollers of the dynamometer, which measures engine power under various road conditions.

Dynamometers are also used in sports and medicine. The most common type of dynamometer for these purposes is isokinetic. Typically this is a sports trainer with sensors connected to a computer. These sensors measure strength and power of the entire body or specific muscle groups. The dynamometer can be programmed to issue signals and warnings if the power exceeds a certain value. This is especially important for people with injuries during the rehabilitation period, when it is necessary not to overload the body.

According to some provisions of the theory of sports, the greatest sports development occurs under a certain load, individual for each athlete. If the load is not heavy enough, the athlete gets used to it and does not develop his abilities. If, on the contrary, it is too heavy, then the results deteriorate due to overload of the body. The physical exertion of some exercises, such as cycling or swimming, depends on many factors environment such as road conditions or wind. Such a load is difficult to measure, but you can find out with what power the body counteracts this load, and then change the exercise regimen, depending on the desired load.

Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question in TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

1.1. Units of energy measurement used in the energy sector

• Joule – J – SI unit, and derivatives – kJ, MJ, GJ
• Calorie - cal - non-systemic unit, and derivatives kcal, Mcal, Gcal
• kWh is an off-system unit that is usually (but not always!) used to measure the amount of electricity.
• ton of steam is a specific value that corresponds to the amount of thermal energy required to produce steam from 1 ton of water. It does not have the status of a unit of measurement, however, it is practically used in the energy sector.

Energy units are used to measure the total amount of energy (thermal or electrical). In this case, the value can indicate generated, consumed, transmitted or lost energy (over a certain period of time).

1.2. Examples of correct use of energy units

• Annual demand for thermal energy for heating, ventilation, hot water supply.
• Required amount of thermal energy to heat ... m3 of water from ... to ... °C
• Thermal energy in … thousand m3 natural gas(as calorific value).
• Annual demand for electricity to power the boiler room's electrical receivers.
• Annual boiler room steam production program.

1.3. Conversion between energy units

1 GJ = 0.23885 Gcal = 3600 million kWh = 0.4432 t (steam)

1 Gcal = 4.1868 GJ = 15072 million kWh = 1.8555 t (steam)

1 million kWh = 1/3600 GJ = 1/15072 Gcal = 1/8123 t (steam)

1 t (steam) = 2.256 GJ = 0.5389 Gcal = 8123 million kWh

Note: When calculating 1 ton of steam, the enthalpy of the source water and water vapor at the saturation line at t=100 °C was taken

2. Power units

2.1 Power units used in the energy sector

• Watt – W – unit of power in the SI system, derivatives – kW, MW, GW
• Calories per hour - cal/h - an off-system unit of power, usually in the energy sector derived values ​​are used - kcal/h, Mcal/h, Gcal/h;
• Tonnes of steam per hour - t/h - a specific value corresponding to the power required to produce steam from 1 ton of water per hour.

2.2. Examples of correct use of power units

• Boiler design power
• Heat losses of the building
• Maximum consumption of thermal energy for heating hot water
• Engine power
• Average daily power of thermal energy consumers

Most of all, during the frosty winter months, all people look forward to the New Year, and least of all, heating bills. Residents especially don't like them apartment buildings, who themselves do not have the ability to control the amount of incoming heat, and often the bills for it turn out to be simply fantastic. In most cases, in such documents the unit of measurement is Gcal, which stands for “gigacalorie”. Let's find out what it is, how to calculate gigacalories and convert to other units.

What is a calorie?

Supporters healthy eating or those who closely monitor their weight are familiar with the concept of a calorie. This word means the amount of energy obtained as a result of the body processing the food eaten, which must be used, otherwise the person will begin to gain weight.

Paradoxically, the same value is used to measure the amount of thermal energy used to heat rooms.

As an abbreviation, this value is designated as “cal”, or in English cal.

In the metric system of measurements, the equivalent of a calorie is the joule. So, 1 cal = 4.2 J.

The importance of calories for human life

In addition to developing various weight loss diets, this unit is used to measure energy, work and heat. In this regard, such concepts as “calorie content” are common - that is, the heat of combustible fuel.

In most developed countries, when calculating heating, people no longer pay for the number of cubic meters of gas consumed (if it is gas), but precisely for its calorie content. In other words, the consumer pays for the quality of the fuel used: the higher it is, the less gas will have to be used for heating. This practice reduces the possibility of diluting the substance used with other, cheaper and lower calorie compounds.

What is a gigacalorie and how many calories are in it?

As is clear from the definition, the size of 1 calorie is small. For this reason, it is not used to calculate large quantities, especially in the energy sector. Instead, the concept of gigacalorie is used. This is a value equal to 10 9 calories, and it is written as the abbreviation “Gcal”. It turns out that there are one billion calories in one gigacalorie.

In addition to this value, a slightly smaller one is sometimes used - Kcal (kilocalorie). It holds 1000 cal. Thus, we can consider that one gigacalorie is a million kilocalories.

It's worth keeping in mind that sometimes a kilocalorie is written simply as "feces." Because of this, confusion arises, and some sources indicate that there are 1,000,000 calories in 1 Gcal, although in reality we are talking about 1,000,000 Kcal.

Hecacalorie and gigacalorie

In energy, in most cases the Gcal is used as a unit of measurement, but it is often confused with such a concept as “hecacalorie” (also known as hectocalorie).

In this regard, the abbreviation “Gcal” is interpreted by some people as “hecacalorie” or “hectocalorie”. However, this is wrong. In fact, the above-mentioned units of measurement do not exist, and their use in speech is the result of illiteracy, and nothing more.

Gigacalorie and gigacalorie/hour: what is the difference

In addition to the fictitious value in question, receipts sometimes contain an abbreviation such as “Gcal/hour.” What does it mean and how does it differ from the usual gigacalorie?

This unit of measurement shows how much energy was used in one hour.

While just a gigacalorie is a measurement of heat consumed over an indefinite period of time. It depends only on the consumer what time frame will be indicated in this category.

The abbreviation Gcal/m3 is much less common. It means how many gigacalories need to be used to heat one cubic meter substances.

Gigacalorie formula

Having considered the definition of the value being studied, it is worth finally finding out how to calculate how many gigacalories are used to heat a room in heating season.

For especially lazy people on the Internet, there are a lot of online resources where specially programmed calculators are presented. All you have to do is enter your numerical data - and they themselves will calculate the number of gigacalories consumed.

However, it would be nice to be able to do this yourself. There are several formula options for this. The simplest and most understandable among them is the following:

Thermal energy (Gcal/hour) = (M 1 x (T 1 -T xv)) - (M 2 x (T 2 -T xv)) /1000, where:

• M 1 is the mass of the heat transfer substance that is supplied through the pipeline. Measured in tons.
• M 2 is the mass of the heat transfer substance returning through the pipeline.
• T 1 - coolant temperature in the supply pipeline, measured in Celsius.
• T 2 - temperature of the coolant returning back.
• Тхв - temperature of the cold source (water). Usually equal to five because this is the minimum temperature of the water in the pipeline.

Why do housing and communal services overestimate the amount of energy spent when paying for heating?

When making your own calculations, it is worth noting that housing and communal services slightly overestimate the standards for thermal energy consumption. The idea that they are trying to earn extra money from this is wrong. After all, the cost of 1 Gcal already includes maintenance, salaries, taxes, and additional profit. This “surcharge” is due to the fact that when hot liquid is transported through a pipeline in the cold season, it tends to cool down, that is, inevitable heat loss occurs.

In numbers it looks like this. According to regulations, the temperature of water in heating pipes must be at least +55 °C. And if we take into account that the minimum temperature of water in power systems is +5 °C, then it must be heated by 50 degrees. It turns out that 0.05 Gcal is used for each cubic meter. However, in order to compensate for heat loss, this coefficient is inflated to 0.059 Gcal.

Convert Gcal to kW/hour

Thermal energy can be measured in various units, but in official documentation from housing and communal services it is calculated in Gcal. Therefore, it is worth knowing how to convert other units to gigacalories.

The easiest way to do this is when the relationships between these quantities are known. For example, it is worth considering watts (W), in which the energy output of most boilers or heaters is measured.

Before considering the conversion to this Gcal value, it is worth remembering that, like a calorie, a watt is small. Therefore, kW (1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts) or mW (1 megawatt equals 1000,000 watts) are more often used.

In addition, it is important to remember that power is measured in W (kW, mW), but to calculate the amount of electricity consumed/produced, it is used. In this regard, it is not the conversion of gigacalories to kilowatts that is considered, but the conversion of Gcal to kW/h.

How to do this? In order not to suffer with formulas, it is worth remembering the “magic” number 1163. This is exactly how many kilowatts of energy must be spent in an hour to get one gigacalorie. In practice, when converting from one unit of measurement to another, you simply need to multiply the number of Gcal by 1163.

For example, let's convert into kW/hour 0.05 Gcal required to heat one cubic meter of water by 50 °C. It turns out: 0.05 x 1163 = 58.15 kW/hour. These calculations will especially help those who are thinking about changing gas heating to more environmentally friendly and economical electric.

If we are talking about huge volumes, we can convert it not into kilowatts, but into megawatts. In this case, you need to multiply not by 1163, but by 1.163, since 1 mW = 1000 kW. Or simply divide the result obtained in kilowatts by a thousand.

Conversion to Gcal

Sometimes it is necessary to carry out reverse process, that is, calculate how many Gcal are contained in one kW/hour.

When converting to gigacalories, the number of kilowatt-hours must be multiplied by another “magic” number - 0.00086.

The correctness of this can be verified by taking the data from the previous example.

So, it was calculated that 0.05 Gcal = 58.15 kW/hour. Now it’s worth taking this result and multiplying it by 0.00086: 58.15 x 0.00086 = 0.050009. Despite the slight difference, it almost completely coincides with the original data.

As in previous calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that when working with particularly large volumes of substances, it will be necessary to convert not kilowatts, but megawatts into gigacalories.

How is this done? IN in this case again you need to take into account that 1 mW = 1000 kW. Based on this, the decimal point in the “magic” number is moved by three zeros, and voila, it turns out to be 0.86. It is by this that you need to multiply to make the translation.

By the way, a small discrepancy in the answers is due to the fact that the coefficient 0.86 is a rounded version of the number 0.859845. Of course, for more accurate calculations it is worth using it. However, if we are talking only about the amount of energy used to heat an apartment or house, it is better to simplify.

What is Gcal? Gcal - gigacalorie, that is, the measurement unit in which it is calculated thermal energy. You can calculate Gcal yourself, but first study some information about thermal energy. Let us consider in the article general information about calculations, as well as the formula for calculating Gcal.

What is Gcal?

A calorie is a certain amount of energy that is required to heat 1 gram of water to 1 degree. This condition complied with in the conditions atmospheric pressure. For thermal energy calculations, a larger value is used - Gcal. A gigacalorie corresponds to 1 billion calories. This value began to be used in 1995 in accordance with the document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.

In Russia, the average consumption per 1 sq.m. is 0.9342 Gcal per month. In each region, this value may change up or down depending on weather conditions.

What is a gigacalorie if it is converted into ordinary values?

1. 1 Gigacalorie equals 1162.2 kilowatt-hours.
2. In order to heat 1 thousand tons of water to a temperature of +1 degree, 1 gigacalorie will be required.

Gcal in apartment buildings

IN apartment buildings gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. If you know the exact amount of heat energy that remains in the house, you can calculate the bill for heating. For example, if the house does not have a common building or individual device heat, then for central heating you will have to pay based on the area of ​​the heated room. If a heat meter is installed, then wiring is implied horizontal type either serial or collector. In this option, two risers are made in the apartment for the supply and return pipes, and the system inside the apartment is determined by the residents. Such schemes are used in new houses. That is why residents can independently regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between comfort and savings.

The adjustment is made as follows:

1. Due to the throttling of heating batteries, the passage of the heating device is limited, therefore, the temperature in it decreases and the consumption of thermal energy decreases.
2. Installation of a general thermostat on the return pipe. In this option, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature in the apartment, and if it increases, then the flow rate decreases, and if it decreases, then the flow rate increases.

Gcal in private homes

If we talk about Gcal in a private house, then residents are primarily interested in the cost of heat energy for each type of fuel. Therefore, let’s look at some prices for 1 Gcal for different kinds fuel:

• - 3300 rubles;
• Liquefied gas - 520 rubles;
• Coal - 550 rubles;
• Pellets - 1800 rubles;
• Diesel fuel - 3270 rubles;
• Electricity - 4300 rubles.

The price may vary depending on the region, and it is also worth considering that the cost of fuel increases periodically.

General information about Gcal calculations

To calculate Gcal, it is necessary to make special calculations, the order of which is established by special regulations. The calculation is made utility services, who can explain to you the procedure for calculating Gcal, as well as decipher any unclear points.

If you have an individual device installed, you will be able to avoid any problems and overpayments. All you need to do is take the readings from the meter every month and multiply the resulting number by the tariff. The amount received must be paid for the use of heating.

Heat meters

1. The temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet of a certain section of the pipeline.
2. The flow rate of liquid that moves through heating devices.

Consumption can be determined using heat meters. Heat meters can be of two types:

1. Vane counters. Such devices are used to measure thermal energy, as well as hot water consumption. The difference between such meters and metering devices cold water- the material from which the impeller is made. In such devices it is most resistant to influence high temperatures. The operating principle is similar for the two devices:

• The rotation of the impeller is transmitted to the metering device;
• The impeller begins to rotate due to the movement of the working fluid;
• The transfer is carried out without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.

Such devices have simple design, but their response threshold is low. And also they have reliable protection from distortion of readings. Using an antimagnetic screen, the impeller is prevented from braking by the external magnetic field.

1. Devices with a difference recorder. Such meters operate according to Bernoulli's law, which states that the speed of a liquid or gas flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. If the pressure is recorded by two sensors, the flow can be easily determined in real time. The counter involves electronics in the design. Almost all models provide information on the flow and temperature of the working fluid, and also determine the consumption of thermal energy. You can configure the work manually using a PC. You can connect the device to a PC via a port.

Many residents are wondering how to calculate the amount of Gcal for heating in open system heating, in which selection for hot water is possible. Pressure sensors are installed on the return and supply pipes at the same time. The difference in the flow rate of the working fluid will indicate the amount warm water, which was spent for household needs.

Formula for calculating Gcal for heating

If you do not have an individual device, then you need to use the following formula for calculating heat for heating: Q = V * (T1 - T2) / 1000, where:

1. Q is the total amount of heat energy.
2. V is the volume of hot water consumption. Measured in tons or cubic meters.
3. T1 is the hot water temperature, which is measured in degrees Celsius. In such a calculation, it is better to take into account the temperature that will be characteristic of a specific operating pressure. This indicator is called enthalpy. If there is no necessary sensor, then take the temperature that will be similar to the enthalpy. Typically, the average temperature is between 60-65 degrees Celsius.
4. T2 is the cold water temperature, measured in degrees Celsius. How do you know how to get to the pipeline from cold water not simple, therefore such values ​​are determined by constant values. They, in turn, depend on the climatic conditions outside the house. For example, in the cold season, this value can be 5 degrees, and in warm times, when there is no heating, it can reach 15 degrees.
5. 1000 is a factor that gives the answer in gigacalories. This value will be more accurate than regular calories.

In closed heating system gigacalories are calculated in a different form. In order to calculate Gcal in closed system heating, you must use the following formula: Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000, where:

1. Q is the previous volume of thermal energy;
2. V1 is the heat carrier flow rate parameter in the supply pipe. The heat source can be water vapor or ordinary water.
3. V2 - volume of water flow in the outlet pipe;
4. T1 - temperature in the coolant supply pipe;
5. T2 - temperature at the pipe outlet;
6. T - cold water temperature.

Calculation of thermal energy for heating using this formula depends on two parameters: the first shows the heat that enters the system, and the second shows the heat parameter when the coolant is removed through the return pipe.

Other methods for calculating Gcal for heating

1. Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
2. Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.

All values ​​in these formulas are the same as in the previous formula. Based on the above calculations, we can conclude that you can calculate Gcal for heating yourself. But you should seek advice from special companies that are responsible for supplying heat to the house, since their work and calculation system may differ from these formulas and consist of a different set of measures.

If you decide to make a “Warm Floor” system in your private home, then the principle of heating calculation will be completely different. The calculation will be much more complicated, since it is necessary to take into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also the values electrical network, from which the floor is heated. The companies that are responsible for monitoring the installation of heated floors will be different.

Many residents have difficulty converting kilocalories to kilowatts. This is due to many manuals of measuring units in the international system, which is called “C”. When converting kilocalories to kilowatts, the coefficient 850 should be used. That is, 1 kW equals 850 kcal. This calculation is much simpler than others, since it is not difficult to find out the required volume of gigacalories. 1 gigacalorie = 1 million calories.

During the calculation, it should be remembered that any modern devices have a small error. Mostly they are acceptable. But you need to calculate the error yourself. For example, this can be done using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1+V2) * 100, where:

1. R is the error of a common house heating device.
2. V1 and V2 are the previously indicated water flow parameters in the system.
3. 100 is a coefficient that is responsible for converting the resulting value into a percentage.
   In accordance with operational standards, the maximum error that can be is 2%. Basically, this figure does not exceed 1%.

Results of calculations of Gcal for heating

If you have correctly calculated the consumption of Gcal of thermal energy, then you do not have to worry about overpayments for public utilities. If we use the above formulas, we can conclude that when heating a residential building with an area of ​​up to 200 sq.m. you will need to spend about 3 Gcal in 1 month. If we consider that the heating season in many regions of the country lasts approximately 6 months, then we can calculate the approximate consumption of thermal energy. To do this, multiply 3 Gcal by 6 months and get 18 Gcal.

Based on the information indicated above, we can conclude that all calculations on the consumption of thermal energy in a particular house can be done independently without the help of special organizations. But it is worth remembering that all data must be calculated accurately using special mathematical formulas. In addition, all procedures must be coordinated with special bodies that control such actions. If you are not sure that you will perform the calculation yourself, then you can use the services of professional specialists who are engaged in such work and have materials available that describe in detail the entire process and photos of heating system samples, as well as their connection diagrams.