Everything in housing construction greater distribution get houses with attics. In SNiP 2.08.01-89* the concept of “attic floor (attic)” means a floor in the attic space, the façade of which is fully or partially formed by a surface (surfaces) inclined or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor. Residential building with attic floor differs in many features, as evidenced by the projects developed at TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy. The main characteristics of a house with an attic include the shape of the roof and its slopes, with the most common roofs being gable, hip, hipped, and folded. Use of spacious attics with rafter structures as attics with residential and utility rooms provides a significant reduction in construction costs. The height of the attic is a function of the roof slope, the width of the building and the height of the walls above the attic floor. An additional reserve of apartment area is especially advisable in houses with high attic spaces - traditional as a result of taking into account the natural and climatic conditions in middle lane and northern regions of Russia. In addition to protection from rain and snow, the peaked ends of residential buildings harmoniously correspond with the endless expanses of the Russian plains. In low-rise buildings, attics occupy large spaces, and the transformation of attic space into a residential floor provides a significant economic effect, which is especially important when constructing housing in two or three stages of construction (“growing house” vertically). With a hip and hip roof, the total area of ​​the attic is limited to four slopes, forming a space of an original shape; at the same time, the total area of ​​the attic can be increased by using a mezzanine (Fig. . Gable mansard roofs with their triangular silhouette have a high degree of rationality (Fig. . In a single volume of the attic with minimal consumption of materials, the attic floor is successfully placed not only in one but and in a two-level design, it is also possible to install a mezzanine level.It is here that, to increase the total area of ​​the attic space, it is easiest to “raise” the roof by increasing the height of the walls and placing a mezzanine.
Rice. A two-story, five-room residential building with an attic. Project No. 23 Architect N. Shershneva. Total area 170m Provision of area for each resident 22m2a - main facade; b - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - hall-front 4.8 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 2.6 m2; 3 - kitchen-dining room 13.7 m2; 4 - living room 17.8 m2; 5 - office 11 m2; 6 - children's bedroom 14.1 m2; 7 - parents' bedroom 10.3 m2; 8 - guest bedroom 9.8 m2; 9 - playroom 25.8 m2; 10 - bedroom 15 m2 According to the level of living, the house is considered economical. In the compact volume of the house, the first floor is reserved for premises day stay, the second - night rest. In the attic under gable roofs there is a bedroom and a playroom, illuminated by windows on the gables of the facades. Wooden house made of timber in the traditions of Russian housing, both in the layout of the house with a Russian stove in the kitchen-dining room and with a vestibule, and in the architectural forms of the facades. Accommodation amenities include a direct connection between the kitchen-dining room and the living room through an open doorway, good proportions of rooms, a double-height living room, spacious playroom and summer rooms. The least economical is the classic folded mansard roof, formed by the broken polyhedral contour of the enclosing structures (Fig. With the help of shortened slopes and vertical pediments with a folded contour, it is possible to ensure the maximum area of ​​​​the premises, including by including part of the vertical or almost vertical walls. The classic roof most fully complies with the architectural standards of the attic floor and meets consumers’ ideas about the individual appearance of the house. Due to the specific shape of the attic, the size of the premises is regulated by building codes. According to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89*, when determining the area of ​​the attic floor, the area of ​​this room is taken into account with a height to a sloping ceiling of 1.5 m with an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45°, 0.5 m - at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of ​​the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m when the ceiling is tilted 30°, 0.8 - at 45°, 60°; not limited at an inclination of 60° or more. The use of attic space to accommodate premises on two levels is successfully carried out with a significant steepness of the roof or increasing the height of the walls of the building. The most favorable roof slope is considered to be between 35 and 55°. With different roof slopes depending on materials (from 22 to 60°) and with different widths buildings (from 10 to 16 m) unused attic spaces are equal in volume to 0.5-1.5 floors of a normal residential building. Depending on the degree of slope, when arranging the attic space under the slope of the roof, sidewalls of different sizes are formed, separated by a wall or attic bulkhead.
Rice. A two-story seven-room house with an attic and a built-in garage. Project No. 04 Architects: R. Sakharova, N. Shershneva. Total area 278.5 m2 Provision of area - 35.4 m2 per person, which corresponds to a comfortable standard of living - facade; 6 - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - storage room 7.6 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 6.7 m2; 3 - kitchen 13.2 m2; 4 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 5 - corridor 2.1 m2; 6 - dining room 16.4 m2; 7 - garage 35.5 m2; 8 - hallway 10.2 m2; 9 - sauna 5.3 m2; 10 - recreation room 7.7 m2; 11 - canopy 8.5 m2: 12 - bedroom 27 m2; 13 - bedroom 16.4 m2; 14-living room 32.5 "m2; 15-fireplace 22 m2; 16-bedroom 13.3 m2; 17-bedroom 24 m2; 18-hall brick house with a hipped roof and semicircular protruding roofs, the first floor is devoted mainly to utility rooms: a hall-front hall, a dining room, a kitchen, a sauna with a relaxation room. Unlike traditional techniques location of the premises on the second floor there is a living room with a fireplace and two bedrooms. Two more bedrooms are provided in the attic floor. Comfort of living is achieved due to multi-part zoning, arrangement large rooms, a three-height front hall directly connected to the garage. The original figurative characteristics of the house are in the form of streamlined volumes of the facade elements, especially the main entrance to the house, distinguished by the semicircular ends of the portal, the semicircle of the lowered roof, the accented arched hatch. The wall separates the low sidewall under the roof from the residential and utility rooms, and the space behind the bulkhead is used for a pantry or for built-in furniture with doors and shelves, with pull-out or rotating semicircular drawers. Dormer windows are varied in types, shapes, and patterns of openings. The most common are ordinary windows located on gables. Since the creation of attic floors by François Mansart and to this day, vertical windows - lucarnes, protruding from the plane of the roof - have been widely used. Lucarnes are also provided, fully or partially recessed beyond the roof plane. Vertical windows play a significant role in the architectural appearance of a residential building, and the shape of such windows is close to ordinary ones, but sometimes lucarnes are designed or specially designed for pitched roof, or they can be hip, round, oval. In a special row there are windows located not only on the gables, but also on the built-in terraces of the attic floor. Among the special requirements for a house with an attic is the need to create an appropriate natural light premises. According to the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95 and SNiP 2.08.01-89*, minimum ratio The area of ​​light openings in all living rooms and kitchens of the apartment to the floor area of ​​these rooms must be at least 1:8, and for attics, when using roof windows, a ratio of 1:10 is allowed.
Rice. Attic six-room house with a ground floor. Project Ns 27 Architects: V. Kolpikov, I. Gutnik. The total area is 220.2 m. The area provided is 36.5 m2 per person, which corresponds to the standard of comfortable living. a - main facade, b - ground floor plan; c - attic plan; g - plan ground floor 1 - hall-front 12.9 m2; 2 - kitchen 15.7 m2; 3 - living room 20.3 m2; 4 - dining room 18.2 m2; 5 - terrace 20.4 m2; 6 - attic hall 7.7 m2: 7 - guest bedroom 15.7 m2; 8 - parents' bedroom 23.2 m2; 9 - children's bedroom 15.3 m2; 10 - basement hall 7.6 m2: 11 - storage room 8 m2: 12 - dressing room-shower 9.2 m2; 13 - sauna 5 m2; 14 - recreation room, billiard room 28.3 m2: 15 - workshop, furnace 10.2 m2 Successful zoning of premises, the rooms are spacious, a special treatment and recreation area is located in the basement. The night rest rooms, located in the attic, are illuminated by skylights in the form of vertical windows, slightly recessed into the plane of the roof. The attic, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures, is made in compositional unity with the entire volume of the house. Compact volumetric solution provides heat savings. Integrity of the attic floor and the house, plastic facades brick building are the distinctive characteristics of a single-family home. In recent years, so-called inclined VELUX windows, also called roof or roof windows, have been increasingly used. In most cases, single inclined windows are built into the roof (Fig. attic), although it is advisable to use combined systems window devices. Roof windows are convenient to use, easy to install, fit organically into the roof of the building and are quite neutral in architectural form. They provide proper insolation of premises not only in case of unfavorable orientation of facades, but also in inclement weather. When using inclined windows, snow bags, valleys and abutments, which serve as the main sources of roof leaks, are eliminated. One building often combines different types of windows, for example, vertical and inclined.
Rice. Attic seven-room house with a built-in garage-workshop. Project No. 15 Architect G. Brzhozovsky. Total area 213.4 m Provision of an area of ​​30 m2 per person a - facade; b - ground floor plan; c - ground floor plan; d - attic plan 1-storeroom 14.6 m2; 2- combustion chamber 8 m2; 3-dining room 15m2; 4-kitchen 14.6 m2; 5-corridor 6.5m2; 6-sauna; 7-living room 23.9 m2; 8 - front 8.2 m2; 9 - garage-workshop 27 m2; 10 - hall-entrance area 11.3 m2; 11 - guest bedroom 11 m2; 12 - boudoir bedroom 18.5 m2: 13 - guest bedroom 11.4 m2: 14 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 15 - office 11.2 m2; 16 - children's bedroom 17.2 m2 In terms of space available for each resident, the house falls into the category of comfortable. Living amenities create a spatial combination of a spacious living room and dining room using a transformable partition; successful zoning of premises for “day” and “night”, kitchen large area with an attached sauna and access to the apartment area; entrance node from the street consisting of a bright hall and an entrance hall with an internal staircase. Night rest area - in the attic floor under hip roof. The main entrance to the house with brick walls is accentuated by a developed porch and a protruding volume of the building with a vertical window in the attic children's bedroom. The remaining bedrooms and study are illuminated by inclined VELUX windows. Inclined windows or their combination with other types of openings create a bright interior space. Since the attic ceiling in such an apartment is replaced by a roof with windows facing the sky, the roof windows, on the one hand, are reliable protection from bad weather, and on the other hand, they make it possible to see the sky colored by sunsets and sunrises. When placing roof windows with one of the most important conditions it becomes possible to review the environment. A wide view is ensured by placing the bottom line of the window at a height of 80-110 cm and you can sit and look out of the window at a level of 90 cm. The location of the upper edge of the window at a height of 190-200 cm allows you to see the garden and the sky while standing. An increase in the view of the area is possible if there is a mezzanine with using the vertical part of the window, while the latter must be connected to its inclined element (Fig. ... The degree of illumination of a particular room depends on its functional orientation, and the number of windows and their location varies depending on the purpose of the premises. So, in winter garden or in the workshop! For the artist, it is advisable to use continuous glazing, composed of several inclined windows. Significantly less light is required in rooms such as an office, bedroom, bathroom, so windows are placed in them traditional way- with walls. Sloping windows in any quantity can be installed next to or above each other.
Rice. Additional items Windows in the mezzanine increase visibility and illumination. If there is no mezzanine, space can be created to accommodate a small garden on the roof by equipping the window with an additional vertical transom (Fig. . And a small balcony can be opened at one of several windows by folding out the lower part with railings to a vertical position , while the upper part rises like a regular inclined window (Fig. For free access to a full-fledged balcony, inclined windows in the attic are combined with a summer room, in this case the upper windows open in the usual way, and the lower part moves out. With roof windows, sun protection and prying eyes is carried out with the help of blinds, pleated curtains, roller shutters, awnings. In the awarded competitive projects, the well-known postulate about the compositional unity of the volume of the house and its attic completion was revealed in a new way. The novelty of the approach to the integrity of the volumetric solution of the home made it possible to create multi-level roof structures, thoughtful forms of the attic, connected together with the facades in different options, including through “lowered” parts of the roof, often extending to the base of the building. It was the use of inclined windows that provided the original shapes of the attic: the geometry of the construction of the space of the attic floor, the unusual silhouette of the building, the organic fusion of individual roof elements and inclined roof windows. Among original solutions- roofs in the form of a tent, in the shape of a hang glider, with offset levels of coverings of triangular shapes; pyramid houses and cylinder houses with a sloping roof appeared. New forms of the attic, organically connected with the VE-LUX window combi-systems, ensured the creation of expressive fifth facades of buildings. The listed design issues reflect the current level of development of residential buildings with attics. IN best projects new trends in the formation of housing are traced, and promising directions for the development of architecture attic house most fully realized in the recently held international competition "Attic in low-rise construction". The evaluation criteria clearly formulated in the competition program made it possible to ensure high quality projects awarded with prizes, and the results of the competition as a whole indicate a significant breakthrough into the future and new opportunities for the design and construction of attic housing. Among the achievements is the demonstrated importance of inclined windows in the formation of the architecture of a residential building with an attic, especially in cases of ordinary layout of block apartments and carpet buildings, in which lighting rooms with ordinary windows often becomes difficult. In the best projects of the competition, the role of roof windows turned out to be very active, and not just passive, as was previously thought, due to the placement of the window system in compositional unity with the house, attic floor, and roof. Moreover, the innovative approach to the use of VELUX windows predetermined the continuity of the space-planning solution and the interior of a residential building. Thanks to the inclined windows, the interior became an integral component of the architectural and artistic design of the attic dwelling, which, in turn, created the possibility of creating a space permeated with streams of light and sunlight. The interiors featured bright light compositions; They provide not only lighting for rooms and hallways, but also form the aesthetic qualities of indoor spaces.
Rice. A window with a vertical additional frame provides space for a tiny garden on the roof. The significant role of inclined windows in unity with the geometry of the roof, the integrity of the functional-planning composition of the house and the light spatial solution, the novelty of the interior design - all this contributed to the search figurative characteristics attic housing, both in the direction of designing a house in modern architectural forms, and creating a Russian home. The new ideas implemented in the projects are presented in the form of sculptural and plastic volumes of the building with a peculiar fifth facade. This direction is more clearly expressed than others in a dwelling made in the high-tech style, which distinguishes, among others, modern architecture building. Attic residential buildings with different architectural solutions, enriched with innovative artistic design, will bring significant diversity to the development of settlements.
Rice. Small attic balcony on the roof

Attic space

English: Attic premium

A non-production room above the top floor of a building, the ceiling of which is the roof of the building and which has load-bearing structures (roof, trusses, rafters, beams, etc.) made of combustible materials (according to PUE)

Construction dictionary.

Synonyms:

See what “Attic space” is in other dictionaries:

attic space- An attic space is a non-production space above the top floor of a building, the ceiling of which is the roof of the building and which has load-bearing structures (roof, trusses, rafters, beams, etc.) made of combustible materials.… … Technical Translator's Guide

Noun, number of synonyms: 4 attic (3) ceiling (9) ceiling (7) ... Synonym dictionary

utility room- ▲ auxiliary kitchen room. bathroom. steam room restroom. toilet. simple: latrine. outhouse toilet latrine mouth: closet. water closet. smoking room wardrobe. wardrobe. colloquial: locker room. hanger. dressing room. locker room Swiss... ... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

riding- attic space... Thieves' jargon

Attic space equipped for residential needs. Named after the French architect F. Mansart (1646 1708). The installation of an attic makes it possible to obtain additional usable space in the building. Source: Dictionary of architectural... ... Construction dictionary

Attic space. Source: Dictionary of architectural and construction terms... Construction dictionary

Attic- attic space equipped for residential needs; named after J. Hardouin Mansart. Jules Hardouin Mansart Jules Hardouin Mansart (1646–1708) French architect, court architect of Louis XIV, great-nephew of François Mansart, one of... ... The fate of eponyms. Dictionary-reference book

Pominalka, brains, attic, mind, attic, head, head, turnip, crock, ceiling, teapot, baklushka, pot, ceiling, skull, kumpol, attic, birdhouse, tambourine Dictionary of Russian synonyms. attic 1. attic space / living space: ... ... Synonym dictionary

- – a window of a special device intended for location on the roof of a house with an attic room. A roof window is designed to withstand the same loads as the roof of a building. This feature distinguishes dormer windows from the usual vertical ones... ... Wikipedia

Y; and. [French mansarde] A living space located under the roof of a building and therefore having a sloped ceiling or sloped walls. House with an attic. Live in the attic. Go up to the attic. ◁ Attic, oh, oh. My window. * * * attic (French… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• , Balashov Kirill Vladimirovich. From this book you will learn how to transform an empty attic space in a country house or country house into a cozy living space. Arrangement of the attic on our own- it's not that...
• How to arrange an attic with your own hands, Balashov, Kirill Vladimirovich. From this book you will learn how to transform an empty attic space of a country house or country house into a cozy living space. Arranging an attic on your own is not that...

The top end of the house can be an attic or loft. Each of these types of premises has its own characteristics.

Design of the roof and attic according to SNiP “Residential Buildings”

What are these features and how does an attic differ from an attic? Let's consider the issue in detail.

Definition

Attic- an attic space used as a residential space, the facades of which are also the slopes of the roof of the building.

Attic- the space between the roof and the ceiling of the last (or only) floor.

Comparison

Thus, the fundamental difference between an attic and an attic lies in the purpose of these rooms.

An attic space is simply called an attic as long as it remains uninhabited. Such a room can be empty or used as a warehouse. And if it houses communication elements or engineering equipment, then the concept of “technical attic” is used.

If you want to add additional meters to the residential part of the house, using the free space under the roof for this purpose is a reasonable solution. After the attic has been landscaped and turned into cozy room, suitable for living, it will be called an attic.

During the renovation work, the uppermost part of the house is noticeably transformed. What is the difference between an attic and an attic? In the attic there is decorative finishing, furniture for comfortable rest or performing other functions, depending on the purpose of the room.

Also, most often it is planned to refurbish the area under the roof so that it allows spending time in this corner of the house throughout the year. In this case, it is necessary to take care of thermal insulation and heating. All this, as a rule, is absent in a regular attic.

On top of that, the height of the room does not become a determining factor when it comes to the attic, since the owners of the home rarely visit such a place. And regarding the attic, this point is very important. And if the existing height is not enough, it is necessary to disassemble and raise the roof. In this case, the room will be considered an attic if the height of its vertical walls does not exceed 1.5 m.

Table

home -> Publications Features of a manor house with an attic In residential construction, houses with attics are becoming increasingly common. In SNiP 2.08.01-89* the concept of “attic floor (attic)” means a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of a sloping or sloping roof, and the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height not more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor. A residential building with an attic floor has many features, as evidenced by the projects developed at TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy. The main characteristics of a house with an attic include the shape of the roof and its slopes, with the most common roofs being gable, hip, hipped, and folded. The use of spacious attics with rafter structures as attics with residential and utility rooms provides a significant reduction in construction costs. The height of the attic is a function of the roof slope, the width of the building and the height of the walls above the attic floor. An additional reserve of apartment area is especially appropriate in houses with high attic spaces - traditional as a result of taking into account the natural and climatic conditions in the middle zone and northern regions of Russia. In addition to protection from rain and snow, the peaked ends of residential buildings harmoniously correspond with the endless expanses of the Russian plains. In low-rise buildings, attics occupy large spaces, and the transformation of attic space into a residential floor provides a significant economic effect, which is especially important when constructing housing in two or three stages of construction (“growing house” vertically). With a hip and hip roof, the total area of ​​the attic is limited to four slopes, forming a space of an original shape; at the same time, the total area of ​​the attic can be increased by using a mezzanine (Fig. . Gable mansard roofs with their triangular silhouette have a high degree of rationality (Fig. . In a single volume of the attic with minimal consumption of materials, the attic floor is successfully placed not only in one but and in a two-level design, it is also possible to install a mezzanine level.It is here that, to increase the total area of ​​the attic space, it is easiest to “raise” the roof by increasing the height of the walls and placing a mezzanine. Rice. A two-story, five-room residential building with an attic. Project No. 23 Architect N. Shershneva. Total area 170m Provision of area for each resident 22m2a - main facade; b - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - hall-front 4.8 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 2.6 m2; 3 - kitchen-dining room 13.7 m2; 4 - living room 17.8 m2; 5 - office 11 m2; 6 - children's bedroom 14.1 m2; 7 - parents' bedroom 10.3 m2; 8 - guest bedroom 9.8 m2; 9 - playroom 25.8 m2; 10 - bedroom 15 m2 According to the level of living, the house is considered economical. In the compact volume of the house, the first floor is reserved for daytime premises, the second for night rest. In the attic under the gable roofs there is a bedroom and a playroom, illuminated by windows on the gables of the facades. The wooden house made of timber is made in the traditions of Russian housing, both in the layout of the house with a Russian stove in the kitchen-dining room and with a vestibule, and in the architectural forms of the facades. Accommodation amenities include a direct connection between the kitchen-dining room and the living room through an open opening, good proportions of rooms, a two-height living room, spacious playroom and summer rooms. The least economical is the classic folded mansard roof, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures (Fig. . With the help of shortened slopes and vertical gables with a folded contour can ensure maximum room area, including by including part of the vertical or almost vertical walls in the attic volume. The classic roof most fully complies with the architectural standards of the attic floor and meets consumers' ideas about the individual appearance of the house. Due to the specific outlines attics, the size of the premises is regulated by building codes.

Attic design according to SNiP

According to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89*, when determining the area of ​​the attic floor, the area of ​​this room is taken into account with a height to a sloping ceiling of 1.5 m with an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45°, 0.5 m - at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of ​​the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m when the ceiling is tilted 30°, 0.8 - at 45°, 60°; not limited at an inclination of 60° or more. The use of attic space to accommodate premises on two levels is successfully carried out with a significant steepness of the roof or increasing the height of the walls of the building. The most favorable roof slope is considered to be between 35 and 55°. With different roof slopes depending on materials (from 22 to 60°) and with different building widths (from 10 to 16 m), unused attic spaces are equal in volume to 0.5-1.5 floors of a normal residential building. Depending on the degree of slope, when arranging the attic space under the slope of the roof, sidewalls of different sizes are formed, separated by a wall or attic bulkhead.
Rice. A two-story seven-room house with an attic and a built-in garage. Project No. 04 Architects: R. Sakharova, N. Shershneva. Total area 278.5 m2 Provision of area - 35.4 m2 per person, which corresponds to a comfortable standard of living - facade; 6 - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - storage room 7.6 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 6.7 m2; 3 - kitchen 13.2 m2; 4 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 5 - corridor 2.1 m2; 6 - dining room 16.4 m2; 7 - garage 35.5 m2; 8 - hallway 10.2 m2; 9 - sauna 5.3 m2; 10 - recreation room 7.7 m2; 11 - canopy 8.5 m2: 12 - bedroom 27 m2; 13 - bedroom 16.4 m2; 14-living room 32.5’m2; 15-fireplace 22 m2; 16-bedroom 13.3m2; 17-bedroom 24 m2; 18-hall In a brick house with a hipped roof and semicircular protruding pyukarns, the first floor is devoted mainly to utility rooms: a hall-front hall, a dining room, a kitchen, a sauna with a relaxation room. In contrast to traditional methods of arranging rooms, the second floor has a living room with a fireplace and two bedrooms. Two more bedrooms are provided in the attic floor. Comfort of living is achieved due to multi-part zoning, the arrangement of large rooms, and a three-story hall-front area directly connected to the garage. The original figurative characteristic of the house is in the form of streamlined volumes of the elements of the facades, especially the main entrance to the house, distinguished by the semicircular ends of the portal, the semicircle of the lowered roof, the accented arched hatch. The wall separates the low sidewall under the roof from the living and utility rooms, and the space behind the bulkhead is used for storage or for built-in furniture with doors and shelves, with retractable or rotating semicircular drawers. Dormer windows are varied in types, shapes, and patterns of openings. The most common are ordinary windows located on gables. Since the creation of attic floors by François Mansart and to this day, vertical windows - lucarnes, protruding from the plane of the roof - have been widely used. Lucarnes are also provided, fully or partially recessed beyond the roof plane. Vertical windows play a significant role in the architectural appearance of a residential building, and the shape of such windows is close to ordinary ones, but sometimes hatches are designed either specifically for a pitched roof, or they can be hip, round, or oval. In a special row there are windows located not only on the gables, but also on the built-in terraces of the attic floor. Among the special requirements for a house with an attic is the need to create appropriate natural lighting in the premises. According to the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95 and SNiP 2.08.01-89*, the minimum ratio of the area of ​​light openings of all living rooms and kitchens of the apartment to the floor area of ​​these premises must be at least 1:8, and for attics when using dormer windows it is allowed to take ratio 1:10.
Rice. Attic six-room house with a ground floor. Project Ns 27 Architects: V. Kolpikov, I. Gutnik. The total area is 220.2 m. The area provided is 36.5 m2 per person, which corresponds to the standard of comfortable living. a - main facade, b - ground floor plan; c - attic plan; d - ground floor plan 1 - hall-front 12.9 m2; 2 - kitchen 15.7 m2; 3 - living room 20.3 m2; 4 - dining room 18.2 m2; 5 - terrace 20.4 m2; 6 - attic hall 7.7 m2: 7 - guest bedroom 15.7 m2; 8 - parents' bedroom 23.2 m2; 9 - children's bedroom 15.3 m2; 10 - basement hall 7.6 m2: 11 - storage room 8 m2: 12 - dressing room-shower 9.2 m2; 13 - sauna 5 m2; 14 - recreation room, billiard room 28.3 m2: 15 - workshop, furnace 10.2 m2 Successful zoning of premises, the rooms are spacious, a special treatment and recreation area is located in the basement. The night rest rooms, located in the attic, are illuminated by skylights in the form of vertical windows, slightly recessed into the plane of the roof. The attic, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures, is made in compositional unity with the entire volume of the house. Compact volumetric solution provides heat savings. The integrity of the attic floor and the house, the plasticity of the facades of a brick building are the distinctive characteristics of a single-apartment dwelling. In recent years, so-called inclined VELUX windows, also called roof or roof windows, have been increasingly used. In most cases, single inclined windows are built into the roof (Fig. attic, although it is advisable to use combined window installation systems. Under-roof windows are convenient to use, easy to install, fit organically into the roof of the building and are quite neutral in architectural forms. They provide proper insulation of the premises not only with unfavorable orientation of facades, but also in inclement weather. When using inclined windows, snow bags, valleys and abutments, which serve as the main sources of roof leaks, are eliminated. Different types of windows are often combined in one building, for example, vertical and inclined.
Rice. Attic seven-room house with a built-in garage-workshop. Project No. 15 Architect G. Brzhozovsky. Total area 213.4 m Provision of an area of ​​30 m2 per person a - facade; b - ground floor plan; c - ground floor plan; d - attic plan 1-storeroom 14.6 m2; 2- combustion chamber 8 m2; 3-dining room 15m2; 4-kitchen 14.6 m2; 5-corridor 6.5m2; 6-sauna; 7-living room 23.9 m2; 8 - front 8.2 m2; 9 - garage-workshop 27 m2; 10 - hall-entrance area 11.3 m2; 11 - guest bedroom 11 m2; 12 - boudoir bedroom 18.5 m2: 13 - guest bedroom 11.4 m2: 14 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 15 - office 11.2 m2; 16 - children's bedroom 17.2 m2 In terms of space available for each resident, the house falls into the category of comfortable. Living amenities create a spatial combination of a spacious living room and dining room using a transformable partition; successful zoning of premises for “day” and “night”, a large kitchen with an attached sauna and access to the apartment area; entrance node from the street consisting of a bright hall and an entrance hall with an internal staircase. The night rest area is in the attic floor under the hip roof. The main entrance to the house with brick walls is accentuated by a developed porch and a protruding volume of the building with a vertical window in the attic children's bedroom. The remaining bedrooms and study are illuminated by inclined VELUX windows. Inclined windows or their combination with other types of openings create a bright interior space. Since the attic ceiling in such an apartment is replaced by a roof with windows facing the sky, the roof windows, on the one hand, are reliable protection from the weather, and on the other, they make it possible to see the sky, colored by sunsets and sunrises. When placing roof windows, one of the most important conditions is the ability to view the environment. A wide view is ensured by placing the bottom line of the window at a height of 80-110 cm and you can sit and look out of the window at a level of 90 cm. The location of the upper edge of the window at a height of 190-200 cm allows you to see the garden and the sky while standing. An increase in the view of the area is possible if there is a mezzanine with using the vertical part of the window, while the latter must be connected to its inclined element (Fig. .. The degree of illumination of a particular room depends on its functional orientation, and the number of windows and their location varies depending on the purpose of the premises. Thus, in a winter garden or In an artist's studio, it is advisable to have continuous glazing, composed of several inclined windows. Significantly less light is required in rooms such as an office, bedroom, bathroom, so the windows in them are placed in the traditional way - with walls. Sloping windows in any quantity can be installed next to or above each other.
Rice. Additional window elements in the mezzanine increase visibility and illumination. If there is no mezzanine, space can be created to accommodate a small garden on the roof by equipping the window with an additional vertical transom (Fig. And a small balcony can be opened at one of several windows by folding out the lower part with railings up to vertical position, while the upper part rises like a regular inclined window (Fig. For free access to a full-fledged balcony, inclined windows in the attic are combined with a summer room, in this case the upper windows open in the usual way, and the lower part moves out. With roof windows, protection from the sun and prying eyes is carried out with the help of blinds, pleated curtains, roller shutters, awnings. In the awarded competition projects, the well-known postulate about the compositional unity of the volume of the house and its attic completion was revealed in a new way. The novelty of the approach to the integrity of the volumetric solution of the home made it possible to create multi-level structures roofs, thoughtful forms of the attic, connected together with the facades in different versions, including through “lowered” parts of the roof, often extending to the base of the building. It was the use of inclined windows that provided the original shapes of the attic: the geometry of the construction of the space of the attic floor, the unusual silhouette of the building, the organic fusion of individual roof elements and inclined roof windows. Among the original solutions are roofs in the form of a tent, in the shape of a hang glider, with offset levels of coverings of triangular shapes; pyramid houses and cylinder houses with a sloping roof appeared. New forms of the attic, organically connected with the VE-LUX window combi-systems, ensured the creation of expressive fifth facades of buildings. The listed design issues reflect the current level of development of residential buildings with attics. The best projects trace new trends in the formation of housing, and promising directions for the development of attic house architecture were most fully realized in the recently held international competition "Attic in Low-Rise Construction." The evaluation criteria clearly formulated in the competition program made it possible to ensure the high quality of the projects awarded with prizes, and the results of the competition as a whole indicate a significant breakthrough into the future and new opportunities for the design and construction of attic housing. Among the achievements is the demonstrated importance of inclined windows in the formation of the architecture of a residential building with an attic, especially in cases of ordinary layout of block apartments and carpet buildings, in which lighting rooms with ordinary windows often becomes difficult. In the best projects of the competition, the role of roof windows turned out to be very active, and not just passive, as was previously thought, due to the placement of the window system in compositional unity with the house, attic floor, and roof. Moreover, the innovative approach to the use of VELUX windows predetermined the continuity of the space-planning solution and the interior of a residential building. Thanks to the inclined windows, the interior became an integral component of the architectural and artistic design of the attic dwelling, which, in turn, created the possibility of creating a space permeated with streams of light and sunlight. The interiors featured bright light compositions; They provide not only lighting for rooms and hallways, but also form the aesthetic qualities of indoor spaces.
Rice. A window with a vertical additional frame provides space for a tiny garden on the roof. The significant role of inclined windows in unity with the geometry of the roof, the integrity of the functional-planning composition of the house and the light spatial solution, the novelty of the interior design - all this contributed to the search for the imaginative characteristics of attic housing in the direction of designing a house in modern architectural forms, and the creation of Russian housing. The new ideas implemented in the projects are presented in the form of sculptural and plastic volumes of the building with a unique fifth façade. This trend is expressed more clearly than others in a home made in the high-tech style, which distinguishes, among others, the modern architecture of the building. Attic residential buildings with different architectural solutions, enriched with innovative artistic design, will bring significant diversity to the development of settlements.
Rice. Small attic balcony on the roof Universal insulation for cottage construction.. Heat-treated wood.. Installation wooden window begins with measurement. Transition under the railway using the microtunneling method. Towards forecasts of Russian urban planning in the 21st century. home -> Publications

The top end of the house can be an attic or loft. Each of these types of premises has its own characteristics. What are these features and how does an attic differ from an attic? Let's consider the issue in detail.

Definition

Attic- an attic space used as a residential space, the facades of which are also the slopes of the roof of the building.

Attic

Attic- the space between the roof and the ceiling of the last (or only) floor.

Attic

Comparison

Thus, the fundamental difference between an attic and an attic lies in the purpose of these rooms. An attic space is simply called an attic as long as it remains uninhabited. Such a room can be empty or used as a warehouse. And if it houses communication elements or engineering equipment, then the concept of “technical attic” is used.

If you want to add additional meters to the residential part of the house, using the free space under the roof for this purpose is a reasonable solution. After the attic is landscaped and turned into a cozy room suitable for living, it will be called an attic.

During the renovation work, the uppermost part of the house is noticeably transformed. What is the difference between an attic and an attic? The attic has decorative finishing, furniture for comfortable relaxation or performing other functions, depending on the purpose of the room.

Also, most often it is planned to refurbish the area under the roof so that it allows spending time in this corner of the house throughout the year. In this case, it is necessary to take care of thermal insulation and heating. All this, as a rule, is absent in a regular attic.

On top of that, the height of the room does not become a determining factor when it comes to the attic, since the owners of the home rarely visit such a place. And regarding the attic, this point is very important. And if the existing height is not enough, it is necessary to disassemble and raise the roof. In this case, the room will be considered an attic if the height of its vertical walls does not exceed 1.5 m.

Attic construction

According to the definition of SNiP “Residential Buildings”: “An attic floor (attic) is a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of an inclined or broken roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor.” Pitched roof supported by a special structure consisting of a sheathing that directly supports the roof covering, and rafters that transfer the load from the roof’s own weight, snow, wind, etc. to the walls and internal supports.

The planning features of the attic are inevitably connected with the structure of the building and with the rooms below, in addition, the relationship with the communication structure of the base building (stairs, heat, sewer and other networks) must be ensured. With regard to the internal layout, very wide freedom is allowed - the attic can occupy the entire area of ​​the building, or part of it, it can be two-story and have, in addition to the main one, a mezzanine floor, a winter garden or veranda, etc. – as long as it all fits within the underlying walls of the base building.

For attic floors, it is recommended to choose lightweight structures and materials, since the dead weight of the structures should be minimal, taking into account the load that will be transferred to the underlying building structures. That is, structures should be selected from materials based on wood or thin-walled cold-formed metal profile. Use of stone or concrete materials It is not recommended for creating a load-bearing structure for an attic floor.

The roof covering should also be made primarily of lightweight materials in the form metal sheets, metal tiles, etc. In cases where this is necessary in order to preserve the environment of an existing building, the covering is made of clay or cement-sand tiles, non-ferrous metal and other materials.

The interior decoration of the attic fence is made mainly from plasterboard sheets. Internal partitions it is advisable to perform element-by-element assembly with cladding plasterboard sheets on racks made of thin-sheet profiles.

Construction of an attic floor in place of an attic or on flat roof reduces heat loss through the roof by 7 - 9%. If you follow all the technological details of the attic space, you can significantly reduce the costs associated with the inevitable and regular roof repairs.

The attic roof has its own differences, since it is exposed to various influences not only from above, but also from below: warm, moist air from living quarters rises upward and falls in the form of condensation on the inner surface of the roof. It is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements for its design, that is, take care of high-quality warmth, hydro and vapor barriers.

a, b, c - with one-, two- and four-slope roofs;

g - with a sloping roof;

d, e - ridge nodes;

g - joint of racks;

h - options for supporting the rafters.

The assembly and installation process consists of the following main technological operations:

— assembly of walls with installation of metal bolts and dowels, window and door fillings;

— installation of floor beams, laying insulation between the beams, subfloor of the attic;

— installation of rafters, laying of insulation, including heat-reflecting;

— installation of sheathing and roofing;

— cladding and insulation of gables, installation of attic window fillings;

— Finishing work(installation of stairs, floors, filing of ceilings, etc.).

Insulation of attics.

The attic floor is more susceptible to heat loss than the lower floors for the simple reason that there is no “thermal cushion” above it. It has a large total surface of contact with the external environment. Therefore, for reasons of comfort and economy, effective and thorough thermal insulation is necessary. On the inside of the insulation (facing the room) a layer of vapor barrier is provided, and on the outside- waterproofing. It is also important that there is a sufficiently effective ventilation space between the top side of the waterproofing layer and the underside of the roof covering, which would facilitate ventilation and remove the inevitable flow of moist warm air that will penetrate through the vapor barriers and the insulating layer.

With increased thermal insulation, more stringent requirements are placed on the thermal seal and its implementation. This seal prevents warm air from penetrating through the sealing layer. For thermal insulation, effective insulation must be used, for example, a slab made of mineral wool based on basalt fiber.

The attic covering should not only protect the house from precipitation (rain, snow), but also prevent the cooling of the rooms on the upper floor. Warm air always rises, so the air temperature under the ceiling is on average 2°C higher than the middle height of the room. With the same thermal insulation capacity of the walls and roof, heat loss through the latter will always be greater, which is due to the large temperature difference between the outer and inner surfaces of the attic covering. In addition, moisture content warm air usually higher than cold, so condensation on the ceiling of the upper floor can form when more high temperatures than on the inner surface of the wall. Therefore, to thermal protection roofing coverings more stringent requirements are imposed than for external walls.

Heat loss through the attic is quite large, so properly insulating its covering can bring a tangible economic effect. When comparing two typical two-story houses with an area of ​​205 m² with attics insulated in accordance with previous and new requirements, it has been established that the modern level of thermal protection can reduce heat loss through the coating by more than 3 kW and thereby significantly reduce the power of the heating system and reduce the cost of heating the house.

Icicles hanging from the roof pose a significant danger to people. In the process of knocking down icicles, there is a high probability of damage to the roof with all the ensuing consequences. One of the reasons for the formation of icicles in winter time is insufficient thermal insulation of the roof covering. The snow, heated from below by the heat passing through the poorly insulated covering, begins to melt, and the water flowing from the roof turns into icicles. Only with well-performed thermal insulation will icicles not cause problems in winter.

When insulating an attic, you need to remember that heat loss occurs not only through the covering, but also through the end wall. Therefore, the gable of the house also needs to be well insulated in accordance with modern requirements.

Structurally, the attic covering consists of a system of rafters installed in increments of 600-1000 mm. The space between the rafters is filled thermal insulation material(insulation). As an insulating material, it is recommended to use mineral wool slabs based on basalt fiber or fiberglass. Thermal insulation boards or mats can be laid in one or several layers, and the total thickness of the insulation layer depends on the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation, the value of which must be indicated in the certificate of conformity.

BUILDING STANDARDS AND RULES SNiP 21-01-97

Fire safety of buildings and structures

8 FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

8.1 Extinguishing a possible fire and carrying out rescue operations are ensured by constructive, space-planning, engineering, technical and organizational measures.

These include:

• construction of fire passages and access roads for fire fighting equipment, combined with functional passages and entrances or special ones;
• installation of external fire escapes and provision of other means of lifting fire department personnel and fire equipment to the floors and roofs of buildings, including the installation of elevators that have a mode for transporting fire departments;
• installation of a fire-fighting water supply system, including one combined with a utility or special one, and, if necessary, installation of dry pipes and fire-fighting tanks (reservoirs);
• smoke protection of fire brigade routes inside the building;
• equipping the building, if necessary, with individual and collective means of saving people;
• placement on the territory of a settlement or facility of fire departments with the required number of personnel and equipped with fire equipment that meets the conditions for extinguishing fires at facilities located within their radius of action.

The choice of these measures depends on the degree of fire resistance, the structural and functional fire hazard class of the building.

8.2 Passages for main and special fire engines should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01, SNiP II-89, SNiP II-97.

8.3 * For buildings with a height of 10 m or more up to the eaves of the roof or top outer wall(parapet) it is necessary to provide exits to the roof from stairwells directly or through the attic, with the exception of a warm attic, or via type 3 stairs or external fire escapes.

The number of exits to the roof and their location should be provided depending on the functional fire hazard and the size of the building, but not less than one exit:

• for every full and incomplete 100 m of the length of a building with an attic roof and at least one exit for every full and incomplete 1000 m2 of the roof area of ​​a building with an attic roof for buildings of classes F1, F2, F3 and F4;
• along fire escapes every 200 m along the perimeter of class F5 buildings.

It is allowed not to provide:

• fire escapes on the main facade of the building, if the width of the building does not exceed 150 m, and there is a fire water supply line on the side opposite the main facade;
• access to the roof of one-story buildings with a covering area of ​​no more than 100 m2.

8.4 * In the attics of buildings, except for buildings of class F1.4, exits to the roof, equipped with stationary stairs, should be provided through doors, hatches or windows measuring at least 0.6 - 0.8 m.

Exits from staircases to the roof or attic should be provided along flights of stairs with landings in front of the exit, through type 2 fire doors measuring at least 0.75-1.5 m. These flights and landings can be steel, and must have a slope of no more 2:1 and a width of at least 0.9 m.

In buildings of classes F1, F2, F3 and F4 with a height of up to 15 m, it is allowed to construct exits to the attic or roof from staircases through fire hatches of the 2nd type with dimensions of 0.6-0.8 m along fixed steel stepladders.

8.5 On technical floors, including technical underground and technical attics, the clear passage height must be at least 1.8 m; in attics along the entire building, at least 1.6 m. The width of these passages must be at least 1.2 m. In certain areas with a length of no more than 2 m, it is allowed to reduce the height of the passage to 1.2 m and the width to 0.9 m.

8.6 In buildings with attics, hatches should be provided in the enclosing structures of the attics.

8.7 In places where there is a difference in roof heights (including for lifting skylights onto the roof) of more than 1 m, as a rule, fire escapes should be provided.

Fire escapes are not provided for differences in roof heights of more than 10 m, if each section of the roof with an area of ​​more than 100 m2 has its own exit to the roof that meets the requirements of 8.3, or the height of the lower section of the roof, determined according to 8.3, does not exceed 10 m.

8.8 To climb to a height of 10 to 20 m and in places with a difference in roof heights from 1 to 20 m, fire escapes of type P1 should be used; for climbs to a height of more than 20 m and in places of a difference in heights of more than 20 m, fire escapes of type P2 should be used.

Fire escapes must be made of non-combustible materials, located no closer than 1 m from windows and must be designed for use by fire departments.

8.9 Between the flights of stairs and between the handrails of the railings of the flights of stairs, a gap should be provided with a clear plan width of at least 75 mm.

8.10 * In each fire compartment of buildings of class F1.1 with a height of more than 5 m, buildings of all classes of functional fire hazard with a height of more than 28 m (with the exception of buildings of class F1.3), elevators should be provided for transporting fire departments that meet the requirements of NPB 250.

8.11 In buildings with a roof slope of up to 12% inclusive, a height to the cornice or top of the outer wall (parapet) of more than 10 m, as well as in buildings with a roof slope of over 12% and a height to the cornice of more than 7 m, fencing should be provided on the roof in accordance with GOST 25772. Regardless of the height of the building, fencing that meets the requirements of this standard should be provided for exposed flat roofs, balconies, loggias, external galleries, open external staircases, flights of stairs and landings.

8.12 Fire stations should be located on the territory in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01, SNiP II-89 and NPB 101.

8.13 The need to install a fire water supply and other stationary fire extinguishing means should be provided depending on the degree of fire resistance, the structural and functional fire hazard of the building, the size and fire and explosion hazard of the temporary fire load.

8.14 The fire water supply systems of buildings must be provided with constant access for fire departments and their equipment.

SNiP 21-01-97 (Prevention of fire spread) » contents

home -> Publications Features of a manor house with an attic In residential construction, houses with attics are becoming increasingly common. In SNiP 2.08.01-89* the concept of “attic floor (attic)” means a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of a sloping or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height not more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor. A residential building with an attic floor has many features, as evidenced by the projects developed at TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy. The main characteristics of a house with an attic include the shape of the roof and its slopes, with the most common roofs being gable, hip, hipped, and folded. The use of spacious attics with rafter structures as attics with residential and utility rooms provides a significant reduction in construction costs. The height of the attic is a function of the roof slope, the width of the building and the height of the walls above the attic floor. An additional reserve of apartment area is especially appropriate in houses with high attic spaces - traditional as a result of taking into account the natural and climatic conditions in the middle zone and northern regions of Russia. In addition to protection from rain and snow, the peaked ends of residential buildings harmoniously correspond with the endless expanses of the Russian plains. In low-rise buildings, attics occupy large spaces, and the transformation of attic space into a residential floor provides a significant economic effect, which is especially important when constructing housing in two or three stages of construction (“growing house” vertically). With a hip and hip roof, the total area of ​​the attic is limited to four slopes, forming a space of an original shape; in this case, the total area of ​​the attic can be increased using a mezzanine device (Fig. . Gable mansard roofs with their triangular silhouette have a high degree of rationality (Fig. . In a single volume of the attic with minimal consumption of materials, an attic floor is successfully placed not only in a single-level, but also in a two-level design, it is also possible to install a mezzanine level. It is here that to increase the total area of ​​the attic space, the easiest way is to “raise” the roof by increasing the height of the walls and placing a mezzanine. Rice. A two-story, five-room residential building with an attic. Project No. 23 Architect N. Shershneva. Total area 170m Provision of area for each resident 22m2a - main facade; b - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - hall-front 4.8 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 2.6 m2; 3 - kitchen-dining room 13.7 m2; 4 - living room 17.8 m2; 5 - office 11 m2; 6 - children's bedroom 14.1 m2; 7 - parents' bedroom 10.3 m2; 8 - guest bedroom 9.8 m2; 9 - playroom 25.8 m2; 10 - bedroom 15 m2 According to the level of living, the house is considered economical. In the compact volume of the house, the first floor is reserved for daytime premises, the second for night rest. In the attic under the gable roofs there is a bedroom and a playroom, illuminated by windows on the gables of the facades. The wooden house made of timber is made in the traditions of Russian housing, both in the layout of the house with a Russian stove in the kitchen-dining room and with a vestibule, and in the architectural forms of the facades. Accommodation amenities include a direct connection between the kitchen-dining room and living room through an open doorway, good proportions of rooms, a double-height living room, spacious playroom and summer rooms The least economical is the classic folded attic roof, formed by the broken polyhedral contour of the enclosing structures (Fig. With the help of shortened slopes and vertical gables with a folded contour, you can ensure the maximum area of ​​​​the premises, including by including part of the vertical or almost vertical walls in the attic volume. Classic the roof most fully complies with the architectural standards of the attic floor and meets consumers’ ideas about the individual appearance of the house. Due to the specific shape of the attic, the size of the premises is regulated by building codes. According to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89*, when determining the area of ​​the attic floor, the area of ​​this room is taken into account with a height to a sloping ceiling of 1.5 m with an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45°, 0.5 m - at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of ​​the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m when the ceiling is tilted 30°, 0.8 - at 45°, 60°; not limited at an inclination of 60° or more. The use of attic space to accommodate premises on two levels is successfully carried out with a significant steepness of the roof or increasing the height of the walls of the building. The most favorable roof slope is considered to be between 35 and 55°. With different roof slopes depending on materials (from 22 to 60°) and with different building widths (from 10 to 16 m), unused attic spaces are equal in volume to 0.5-1.5 floors of a normal residential building. Depending on the degree of slope, when arranging the attic space under the slope of the roof, sidewalls of different sizes are formed, separated by a wall or attic bulkhead. Rice. A two-story seven-room house with an attic and a built-in garage. Project No. 04 Architects: R. Sakharova, N. Shershneva. Total area 278.5 m2 Provision of area - 35.4 m2 per person, which corresponds to a comfortable standard of living - facade; 6 - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - storage room 7.6 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 6.7 m2; 3 - kitchen 13.2 m2; 4 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 5 - corridor 2.1 m2; 6 - dining room 16.4 m2; 7 - garage 35.5 m2; 8 - hallway 10.2 m2; 9 - sauna 5.3 m2; 10 - recreation room 7.7 m2; 11 - canopy 8.5 m2: 12 - bedroom 27 m2; 13 - bedroom 16.4 m2; 14-living room 32.5’m2; 15-fireplace 22 m2; 16-bedroom 13.3m2; 17-bedroom 24 m2; 18-hall In a brick house with a hipped roof and semicircular protruding pyukarns, the first floor is devoted mainly to utility rooms: a hall-front hall, a dining room, a kitchen, a sauna with a relaxation room. In contrast to traditional methods of arranging rooms, the second floor has a living room with a fireplace and two bedrooms. Two more bedrooms are provided in the attic floor. Comfort of living is achieved due to multi-part zoning, the arrangement of large rooms, and a three-story hall-front area directly connected to the garage. The original figurative characteristics of the house are in the form of streamlined volumes of the facade elements, especially the main entrance to the house, distinguished by the semicircular ends of the portal, the semicircular lowered roof, accented by an arched hatch A wall separates the low side under the roof from the living and utility rooms, and the space behind the bulkhead is used for a pantry or for built-in furniture with doors and shelves, with pull-out or rotating semicircular drawers. Dormer windows are varied in types, shapes, and patterns of openings. The most common are ordinary windows located on gables. Since the creation of attic floors by François Mansart and to this day, vertical windows - lucarnes, protruding from the plane of the roof - have been widely used. Lucarnes are also provided, fully or partially recessed beyond the roof plane. Vertical windows play a significant role in the architectural appearance of a residential building, and the shape of such windows is close to ordinary ones, but sometimes hatches are designed either specifically for a pitched roof, or they can be hip, round, or oval. In a special row there are windows located not only on the gables, but also on the built-in terraces of the attic floor. Among the special requirements for a house with an attic is the need to create appropriate natural lighting in the premises. According to the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95 and SNiP 2.08.01-89*, the minimum ratio of the area of ​​light openings of all living rooms and kitchens of the apartment to the floor area of ​​these premises must be at least 1:8, and for attics when using dormer windows it is allowed to take ratio 1:10. Rice. Attic six-room house with a ground floor. Project Ns 27 Architects: V. Kolpikov, I. Gutnik. The total area is 220.2 m. The area provided is 36.5 m2 per person, which corresponds to the standard of comfortable living. a - main facade, b - ground floor plan; c - attic plan; d - ground floor plan 1 - hall-front 12.9 m2; 2 - kitchen 15.7 m2; 3 - living room 20.3 m2; 4 - dining room 18.2 m2; 5 - terrace 20.4 m2; 6 - attic hall 7.7 m2: 7 - guest bedroom 15.7 m2; 8 - parents' bedroom 23.2 m2; 9 - children's bedroom 15.3 m2; 10 - basement hall 7.6 m2: 11 - storage room 8 m2: 12 - dressing room-shower 9.2 m2; 13 - sauna 5 m2; 14 - recreation room, billiard room 28.3 m2: 15 - workshop, furnace 10.2 m2 Successful zoning of premises, the rooms are spacious, a special treatment and recreation area is located in the basement. The night rest rooms, located in the attic, are illuminated by skylights in the form of vertical windows, slightly recessed into the plane of the roof. The attic, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures, is made in compositional unity with the entire volume of the house. Compact volumetric solution provides heat savings. The integrity of the attic floor and the house, the plasticity of the facades of a brick building are the distinctive characteristics of a single-apartment dwelling. In recent years, so-called inclined VELUX windows, also called roof or roof windows, have been increasingly used. In most cases, single inclined windows are built into the roof (Fig. attic, although it is advisable to use combined window installation systems. Under-roof windows are convenient to use, easy to install, fit organically into the roof of the building and are quite neutral in architectural forms. They provide proper insulation of the premises not only with unfavorable orientation of facades, but also in inclement weather. When using inclined windows, snow bags, valleys and abutments, which serve as the main sources of roof leaks, are eliminated. Different types of windows are often combined in one building, for example, vertical and inclined. Rice. Attic seven-room house with a built-in garage-workshop. Project No. 15 Architect G. Brzhozovsky. Total area 213.4 m Provision of an area of ​​30 m2 per person a - facade; b - ground floor plan; c - ground floor plan; d - attic plan 1-storeroom 14.6 m2; 2- combustion chamber 8 m2; 3-dining room 15m2; 4-kitchen 14.6 m2; 5-corridor 6.5m2; 6-sauna; 7-living room 23.9 m2; 8 - front 8.2 m2; 9 - garage-workshop 27 m2; 10 - hall-entrance area 11.3 m2; 11 - guest bedroom 11 m2; 12 - boudoir bedroom 18.5 m2: 13 - guest bedroom 11.4 m2: 14 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 15 - office 11.2 m2; 16 - children's bedroom 17.2 m2 In terms of space available for each resident, the house falls into the category of comfortable. Living amenities create a spatial combination of a spacious living room and dining room using a transformable partition; successful zoning of premises for “day” and “night”, a large kitchen with an attached sauna and access to the apartment area; entrance node from the street consisting of a bright hall and an entrance hall with an internal staircase. The night rest area is in the attic floor under the hip roof. The main entrance to the house with brick walls is accentuated by a developed porch and a protruding volume of the building with a vertical window in the attic children's bedroom. The remaining bedrooms and study are illuminated by VELUX sloping windows Slanted windows or their combination with other types of openings create a bright interior space. Since the attic ceiling in such an apartment is replaced by a roof with windows facing the sky, the roof windows, on the one hand, are reliable protection from the weather, and on the other, they make it possible to see the sky, colored by sunsets and sunrises. When placing roof windows, one of the most important conditions is the ability to view the environment. A wide view is ensured by placing the bottom line of the window at a height of 80-110 cm and you can sit and look out of the window at a level of 90 cm. The location of the upper edge of the window at a height of 190-200 cm allows you to see the garden and the sky while standing. An increase in the view of the area is possible if there is a mezzanine with using the vertical part of the window, while the latter should be connected to its inclined element (Fig. . The degree of illumination of a particular room depends on its functional orientation, and the number of windows and their location varies depending on the purpose of the premises. So, in the winter garden or in the workshop! For the artist, it is advisable to use continuous glazing, composed of several inclined windows. Significantly less light is required in rooms such as an office, bedroom, bathroom, so the windows in them are placed in the traditional way - with walls. Sloping windows in any quantity can be installed next to or above each other. Rice. Additional window elements in the mezzanine increase visibility and illumination In the absence of a mezzanine, space can be created to accommodate a small garden on the roof by equipping the window with an additional vertical transom (Fig. And a small balcony can be opened at one of several windows by folding out the lower part with railings to a vertical position, while the upper part rises as an ordinary inclined window (Fig. For free access to a full-fledged balcony, inclined windows in the attic are combined with a summer room, in this case the upper windows open in the usual way, and the lower part moves out. With roof windows, protection from the sun and prying eyes is carried out using blinds , pleated curtains, roller shutters, awnings. In the awarded competition projects, the well-known postulate about the compositional unity of the volume of the house and its attic completion was revealed in a new way. The novelty of the approach to the integrity of the volumetric solution of the dwelling made it possible to create multi-level roof structures, thoughtful attic forms, connected together with the facades in different versions, including through “lowered” parts of the roof, often extending to the base of the building. It was the use of inclined windows that provided the original shapes of the attic: the geometry of the construction of the space of the attic floor, the unusual silhouette of the building, the organic fusion of individual roof elements and inclined roof windows. Among the original solutions are roofs in the form of a tent, in the shape of a hang glider, with offset levels of coverings of triangular shapes; pyramid houses and cylinder houses with a sloping roof appeared. New forms of the attic, organically connected with the VE-LUX window combi-systems, ensured the creation of expressive fifth facades of buildings. The listed design issues reflect the current level of development of residential buildings with attics. The best projects trace new trends in the formation of housing, and promising directions for the development of attic house architecture were most fully realized in the recently held international competition “Attic in Low-Rise Construction.” The evaluation criteria clearly formulated in the competition program made it possible to ensure the high quality of the projects awarded with prizes, and the results of the competition as a whole indicate a significant breakthrough into the future and new opportunities for the design and construction of attic housing. Among the achievements is the demonstrated importance of inclined windows in the formation of the architecture of a residential building with an attic, especially in cases of ordinary layout of block apartments and carpet buildings, in which lighting rooms with ordinary windows often becomes difficult. In the best projects of the competition, the role of roof windows turned out to be very active, and not just passive, as was previously thought, due to the placement of the window system in compositional unity with the house, attic floor, and roof. Moreover, the innovative approach to the use of VELUX windows predetermined the continuity of the space-planning solution and the interior of a residential building. Thanks to the inclined windows, the interior became an integral component of the architectural and artistic design of the attic dwelling, which, in turn, created the possibility of creating a space permeated with streams of light and sunlight. The interiors featured bright light compositions; They provide not only lighting for rooms and hallways, but also form the aesthetic qualities of indoor spaces. Rice. Window with vertical additional frame provides space for tiny roof garden The significant role of inclined windows in unity with the geometry of the roof, the integrity of the functional-planning composition of the house and the light spatial solution, the novelty of the interior design - all this contributed to the search for the imaginative characteristics of attic housing, both in the direction of designing a house in modern architectural forms, and creating a Russian home. Attic floor (attic) - Dictionary of financial and legal terms The new ideas implemented in the projects are presented in the form of sculptural and plastic volumes of the building with a unique fifth façade. This direction is expressed more clearly than others in a home made in the high-tech style, which distinguishes, among others, the modern architecture of the building. Attic residential buildings with different architectural solutions, enriched with innovative artistic design, will bring significant diversity to the development of settlements. Understanding the intricacies of terminology In the process of studying the characteristics of the premises different types you will have to delve into the meaning of some construction terms, clarify what is considered another floor in the building and how the under-roof space affects the size of the usable area of ​​the house. The ability to separate concepts affects not only the determination of the functionality of the floor, but also the comfort of those living in the house. Attic The space above the ceiling of the upper floor, limited from above by the roof, is considered the attic floor. The shape and volume of the room under the roof depend entirely on its shape. There are two types of attics: cold - only the overlap area is insulated; warm - additional insulation is laid in the roof structures. Future owners of the building often worry that the attic floor remains out of use and such large space will be wasted. However, attics were invented for a reason. They create an additional air gap between living spaces and environment, thanks to which houses with attics become much warmer than buildings with flat roof, it is not without reason that they are recommended to be built in regions with harsh winters. Interior finishing is most often not carried out here. The owners of the building can use the space under the roof as a storage room or convert it into a technical floor by laying engineering Communication and locating process equipment. In accordance with building codes, the difference between an attic and an attic lies in many details, but the main difference is that the latter is not considered a living space and you cannot simply equip it and start living there. Only with the appropriate conclusion can a technical attic space be converted into a residential one. Attic Like the attic, it is located under the roof and occupies the entire floor area of ​​the upper floor or part of it, and its walls are partially or completely replaced by the roof, the shape of which determines the geometry of the room. Sometimes the attic is moved beyond the perimeter of the external walls of the building by increasing the underlying floor or (with a large offset) by installing additional supports in the form of walls and columns. High-quality arrangement floor helps to expand the living area of ​​the building without increasing the occupied space by plot of land square. The ceiling is the attic roof sheathed from the inside, which must be made sloping, and if the slope is “broken”, the volume of the attic space will increase. Is it an attic floor or not? The height of the walls in the attic cannot exceed 1.5 m and such housing is inferior in volume to rooms on a full floor, but outperforms the attic in functionality. Requirements for attics The building owner is not limited in the choice of thermal insulation and finishing materials, but according to building regulations, the design of the room must meet the following requirements: a ceiling higher than 2.5 m is located above at least 50% of the attic; the facade walls of the attic floor intersect with the roof at a height of no more than 1.5 m, otherwise the floor is considered full. Advantages and disadvantages of the attic Like any room, the attic is not without advantages and disadvantages: the interior space of the house can be used to the maximum; arrangement of residential premises in the attic is cheaper than construction full floor, therefore, this design is beneficial for people of average income; the side areas of the room are limited in height by the roof structure; to install windows, you may need to complicate the shape of the roof or purchase special windows for the roof; in each attic room it is necessary to install forced exhaust, because due to the low height ventilation duct natural draft does not provide air exchange; the attic equipment worsens the operating conditions of many parts of the roof; when the time comes to change the insulation or structural elements, this will not be easy. So what is the difference between an attic and an attic? The difference becomes noticeable already at the stage of drawing up estimates, when the cost of arranging the attic space is calculated. Another difference between these two rooms is that the attic is a room intended for living, specially equipped for this purpose, with high-quality ventilation. Its area, unlike the attic, is included in the total usable area of ​​the house. And the attic, even finished, can only serve as a storage room or a place to place technological equipment.