Booster pumping stations: photos, equipment, design. Pumping stations and installations

The operating principle of any pumping station is quite simple and consists in the fact that the pump pumps water into a storage tank, and the water is replenished as it is used up. A level sensor that monitors the water level in the tank turns the pump on and off.

A water supply pumping station is a monoblock in which the pump is connected to a hydraulic accumulator through a relay, which automatically turns on the pump when the incoming water pressure drops to a certain critical value to repeat the cycle. Pumping stations are necessary when supplying water from deep wells or some other autonomous sources. They can also be used to pump water from water supply network with insufficient pressure and to fill storage tanks in reserve. The system does not require immersion and is mounted on the surface, without requiring any special safety control, since all processes, including eliminating water hammer, are performed either automatically or semi-automatically. For sewer systems special sewage systems are produced pumping stations, the design of which is equipped with an additional container in order to trap solid inclusions. For the same purpose, using a pump with a cutting mechanism is no less effective. Before purchasing a pumping station, it is recommended to know exactly the volume of water consumed in order to select the hydraulic accumulator you need with maximum accuracy. Only then will you be guaranteed long-term and reliable operation of the entire system as a whole. Pumping stations supplying deep water are equipped with special injectors connected to a jet-centrifugal pump. Stations with remote ejectors are equipped with the same types of pumps, but the fact that their ejector is not built-in, but sinks to the bottom, allows water to be pumped from wells from fifty meters or more depth. The main pumping unit remains on the surface. Such stations are very convenient when the well is significantly removed from the consumer. They have low efficiency and are quite critical in relation to water heavily contaminated with various suspensions.

So, the apparent simple principle The operation of the pumping station includes a rather complex arrangement of the water supply system.

A pumping station, as a complex of hydraulic engineering means and equipment, is capable of performing work related to water intake from irrigation or drainage sources, lifting and transporting water to the point of consumption, or transporting water to a holding tank.

Pumping stations (PS) can be classified according to various criteria, such as:

scope and purpose,
supply level, which means location relative to the water source (these are coastal, riverbed, stationary and mobile stations),
construction features(buried, non-buried, with combined and non-combined water intakes and outlets). Pumping stations can be divided into:
irrigation stations that lift water to irrigation canals;
drainage and irrigation systems of pumping stations, drainage and humidification systems,
drainage stations that remove water from reclaimed areas;
pumping systems, used to supply water to closed irrigation systems.

Pumping stations may have different supply levels, regardless of the area of application and pressure: low supply level - up to 1 m³/s; medium flow - 1 - 10 m³/s, high flow - 10 - 100 m³/s and unique stations with flow exceeding 100 m³/s.

Based on the source of energy, pumping stations are classified into electrified and thermal stations. The latter are powered by a motor drive internal combustion. Pumping stations can have a seasonal operating mode and operate year-round. There are pumping stations that take water from surface water sources and from underground. Stationary pumping stations are installed in premises or a building that serves to house the main and auxiliary hydromechanical, electrical and mechanical equipment, pipeline fittings etc. Based on their design features, they are classified into ground-based, chamber and block pumping stations. By the nature of control, stationary pumping stations can be controlled manually and automatically. The choice of a stationary pumping station is determined by a number of factors, as well as technical and economic calculations.

Mobile pumping stations, compared to stationary pumping stations, are more mobile, maneuverable, and their price is 20 - 25% cheaper. They are used to supply water to irrigation system open or closed type, in sprinklers and for water supply systems. Mobile pumping stations are quite mobile, which makes it possible to use them in different irrigation areas throughout the entire irrigation season. Their expedient use when irrigating floodplain areas, with significant fluctuations in the water level at the source, does not require the construction of expensive water intake devices, and the depth of the water source at the point of water intake should not be< 0,6 - 0,8 метров. Если глубина окажется меньше, то следует применять устройство самого простого подпорного сооружения или приямка. Выбирая место для установки передвижной насосной станции, следует смотреть на подход к воде и площадку для насосной станции, которая должна обеспечивать высоту всасывания макс. 1,5 - 3 метра. Насосные станции передвижного типа могут быть сухопутными и плавучими, они могут иметь собственный двигатель внутреннего сгорания и электрический двигатель с приводом от вала с отбором мощности от трактора, который транспортирует насосную станцию ко всем местам водозабора. Сухопутные насосные станции можно классифицировать, в свою очередь, на станции навесной и прицепной конструкции. Выпуск передвижных насосных станций серийно налажен при их широком применении в мелиорации, они быстро устанавливаются, перемещаются при изменении уровней в источнике с водой, обслуживают несколько объектов.

PNS driven by its own engine are classified by performance: 25 - 750 liters / second, by pressure: 5 - 100 meters, by chassis design: on skids or wheels.

Pumping stations are usually built in a short period of time using high technology, perfect unified equipment and the latest methods construction execution. Pumping stations or installations include a machine room with pumps, water intake systems, water inlets, switching chambers, and water tanks. Any pumping installation cannot do without electrical facilities and a transformer substation, which may be located in the same room as the machine room. Some of the above equipment may be missing or combined from a functional point of view. For example, the machine room of a pumping station may be one building structure with a water inlet, which is typical for pumping stations of the first rise. At wastewater pumping stations, the machine room can be combined with a receiving tank. Pump equipment pumping unit may vary depending on its purpose; there are installations with horizontally and vertically located pumps, with axial and centrifugal pumps, which can be installed with a positive suction lift or with a head, that is, under the fill.

The location of the turbine room relative to the ground surface characterizes pumping stations as stations:

ground type;
semi-buried stations;
buried and
underground type.

For above-ground pumping stations, the floor of the machine room is typically located at the level of the surrounding ground; entry of vehicles may be provided.

For semi-buried pumping stations, the floor is recessed compared to the ground level; they do not have an overlap between the machine room and the first floor, the presence of which is typical for buried-type pumping stations. If the station is deep enough, there may be additional underground floors for the location auxiliary equipment. These pumping stations are called mine-type pumping stations.

Underground pumping stations are characterized by their complete location underground, compact design and automatic control. They can be rectangular (easier to install standardized equipment components), round, elliptical (easier to absorb hydrostatic pressure) or complex in shape. Based on the type of control, pumping stations are divided into: - stations equipped with manual control, when service personnel represented by operators control the station’s operations; - With automatic system control, when all operations are performed automatically, regulation is carried out according to the water level in the tank or water pressure in the line, etc.; - with semi-automatic control, when turning the station on and off is carried out by the operator, and all other operations are performed automatically; - stations controlled remotely from a remote control station. When selecting a pumping station, a comparison of all technical characteristics and economic indicators of several types of stations, depending on the purpose and future purpose of the equipment, the wastewater is assessed (for the presence or absence of solid inclusions in it, the viscosity and density of the wastewater, the aggressiveness of its environment, temperature conditions). It is also important to determine the scope of use: whether it is a domestic pumping unit or an industrial one.

plumbing,
sewer.

Sewage pumping stations (SPS) include structures that ensure the removal of wastewater: storm, fecal, industrial. They have the following advantages:

quite long service life; This is often explained by the use of fiberglass on component parts, which does not rust or rot;
safe operating mode due to the presence of pressure and liquid level sensors that monitor the functioning of the system;
compact design;
the ability to provide fully automatic operation of the system;
environmentally friendly approach to operation: no unpleasant odor and uncontrolled release of wastewater.

The sewage pumping unit is located in a housing and includes pumps (main and auxiliary), sensors, pipeline, and connecting pipes. The main distinguishing feature of a sewage pumping station is the presence of a special container for getting into wastewater large particles. The container is periodically removed and emptied, then cleaned. Sewage pumping units can operate in almost any atmospheric conditions, which is also their plus point.

In a modern autonomous water supply system, the most important component today is the pumping unit, which is either purchased ready-made or assembled by the user himself, if we are talking about compact installation for a private home. In order not to have problems with the operation of the pumping unit, you should clearly understand the principle of its operation. For correct selection pumping station for your specific needs, you should keep in mind 2 factors: the technical parameters of the pumping station and the nuances of the existing well. Among the technical parameters, as always, we are talking, first of all, about performance. This means that the station must raise a volume of water to a height that will provide all the needs for the house and court buildings. For the characteristics of a well, an important role is played by productivity, its depth, statistical water level (if the pump is not working), dynamic water level (if the pump is working), filter type and pipe Ø. Standard pumping stations lift water efficiently from a well depth of max. 9 m. They can be equipped with either a self-priming centrifugal pump or a self-priming vortex pump. Regarding the power of the station, we can draw the following conclusion, which practice tells us: for a house where a family of four lives, it will be enough to purchase a pumping station of low or medium power, 2-4 m³/hour, and with a pressure of 45-55 meters.

Pumping stations with storage tank are considered obsolete, but such stations still exist. The storage tank is very bulky, the water level and pressure in it is controlled by a float, the data is output to a sensor, which, when triggered, gives a signal to pump water. This has always been a popular water supply system, but this system had many disadvantages:

Always low pressure, since water enters the tank by gravity;
large tank sizes;
difficult installation of the tank, because it must be located above the level of the station itself;
When the overflow sensor fails, water begins to overflow into the room.

Modern pumping stations are equipped with a hydraulic accumulator. The bottom line is that a pressure switch is installed at the station. Stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator are considered progressive stations and have much fewer disadvantages. The relay controls the upper limit of the ambient air pressure, which is compressed in the accumulator under water pressure. After setting the required pressure, the pump turns off and turns on again only when a signal from the relay about the lower pressure limit is received.

So, it doesn’t matter which pumping station, with a storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator, it is equipped with a pumping unit, a pressure membrane tank, a pressure switch, a pressure gauge, a cable and connectors for connection. Pumping stations are also distinguished by the type of working pump, which can be with or without an ejector. If the ejector is built-in, then the water rises due to the created vacuum. These pumping stations have a rather high cost, but it is quite justified; they can supply water from a depth of 20-45 meters. The equipment of these stations is highly productive, quite compact, but it is very noisy, and therefore it is better to place it in utility rooms.

There are also pumps for pumping stations with a remote ejector, which is immersed together with two pipes into a well or well. Water enters the ejector through one pipe, forming a suction jet. There should be no air or sand in the system; the efficiency of these pumps is much lower than that of standard pumping stations. Such a station can be installed at home; it operates silently.

In fact, there are a huge number of pumps that make up pumping stations.

In recent years, the production of fire trucks in our country has noticeably improved, the efficiency of which is determined, as a rule, by the quality indicator of the pumping unit, which is, as it were, not the most important element of the fire truck. Pumping units used in fire extinguishing technology are a set of engineering communication systems that can ensure the safety of people in a building at the time of a fire. The main purpose of such structures is to eliminate a spreading fire, high-quality fire extinguishing and quick removal smoke and carbon dioxide from the building.

Previously, fire trucks were equipped with a conventional fire pump. Fires are different, and, accordingly, extinguishing them also has a number of distinctive features, which is due to different requirements for the operation of pumping units. To extinguish a fire on the upper floors, a high-pressure pumping unit is needed. And to eliminate large forest fires, you need a fire engine with a high-performance pumping unit (70 - 100 l/s). And one machine will be enough, not two, each with 40 liters per second.

In the designs of the latest models of fire pumping units manufactured by world leaders in this field, it should be noted that they are equipped with new control systems and remote control, automatic pressure regulation, automatic water filling and dosage of foaming agent, data output on a liquid crystal screen. However, such equipment is difficult to operate in our conditions, when we are talking about global fires, for example, in the Siberian climate. Which liquid crystal screen of a pumping unit will survive a fire in such conditions?

One of important elements The pumping unit of a fire truck is considered to be a vacuum water filling system powered by an open reservoir. The vacuum method of filling water can be manual or automatic; piston, membrane, vane, liquid ring, gas jet pumps, etc. can work as a vacuum pump in the installation. Each of these systems when equipped with a pumping station for fire trucks is suitable for certain operating conditions.

The operation of a vacuum water filling system, in particular, the level and speed of evacuation, is directly related to the function of the engine drive, or the speed of rotation of a given engine. This is due to certain inconveniences in the maintenance of fire equipment; daily checks for “dry vacuum” are required. The pumps of the vacuum pumping station are an autonomous vacuum system and were recently developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. They are equipped with an autonomous electric drive, powered by a fire truck battery. Electrical signals, controlling pumps, automate almost all processes involved in fire extinguishing operations, and are today the most promising in the matter of water filling. This has already been noted by all well-known manufacturers of fire trucks in Russia.

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The technological equipment of the pumping station is located in light common or individual buildings, block boxes or in the open air. The main and auxiliary equipment of block-packaged pumping stations is supplied from manufacturing plants mainly in the form of fully prepared blocks. The units are not opened or inspected before installation, which significantly reduces equipment installation time.

The technological equipment of pumping stations, in addition to the pumping units themselves, has a pipeline system for the pumped liquid, an oil system, ventilation systems for electric motors, an oil cooling system, a system for lubrication of seals and collection of leaks of the pumped liquid, etc. Starting and stopping the pump drive motors is associated with the position of the process communication valves .

The technological equipment of pumping stations, in addition to the pumping units themselves, contains a pipeline system for the pumped liquid, an oil system, ventilation systems for electric motors, an oil cooling system, a system for lubrication of seals and collection of pumped liquid leaks, etc. Starting and stopping the pump drive motors is associated with the position of the process communication valves .

To centralize the control of the technological equipment of the pumping station, the PUSK-71 automation system was put into operation with a unified set of automation tools, which allows using a different set of components to control both the main and intermediate pumping stations (PS) with a different number of pumping units and auxiliary mechanisms. This system provides automatic remote and local control of valves on the suction and discharge lines of a pumping station and its other facilities. Protection of control objects is automatic. In the tenth five-year plan, up to 160 pumping stations were equipped with the PUSK-71 system. Operating experience of the system has shown that it ensures the safety of operating units and auxiliary equipment during a short-term (up to 3 s) power interruption when checking the serviceability of protective devices on the switched on unit.

Persons who do not know technological equipment pumping station, operating rules, pumping flow diagram, as well as shut-off valve control diagram are not allowed to work. Instructions on measures must be posted in a visible place at the pumping station. fire safety and a diagram of the piping of pumps, pipelines, valves and stationary fire extinguishing installations.

This is explained by the fact that all technological equipment of the pumping station was supplied to construction sites in the form of separate units, workpiece parts.

The rapid development of technology requires the introduction of new modern means Instrumentation, automation and control systems for technological equipment of pumping stations.

Cluster pumping stations, built using conventional methods, required 16 - 17 months for construction, installation of equipment, adjustment and commissioning. This is explained by the fact that all the technological equipment of the pumping station was supplied to construction sites in the form of separate units and blank parts.

For automation various types pumping stations of main oil pipelines, generating information for automated system management technological processes oil pipeline and receiving control actions, the VNIIKAneftegaz Institute has developed Blik-1 equipment. The equipment is a multifunctional complex, including pneumatic and electrical devices. The system provides: software control technological equipment of the pumping station, automatic protection of the station’s technological equipment in emergency situations, automatic switching on of backup technological equipment, automatic regulation pressure at the discharge and suction of the station, centralized control and signaling of equipment status and process parameters.

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Automation and telemechanization of pumping stations should ensure uninterrupted operation of the station in the absence of permanent maintenance personnel. During the initial period of operation (1 - 2 years), pumping stations are usually under constant supervision of operating personnel, which must be taken into account when designing premises.

The pumping station building includes: a machine room in which the pumping units are located; switchgear room; panel room; transformer chambers; workshop for minor repairs; premises for operating personnel; sanitary unit. When laying out the building, the possibility of expanding the machine room should be taken into account. Room distribution devices, switchboard room, transformer chambers are located at one end of the machine room.

Distances from the pumping station to residential and public buildings are adopted taking into account the standards for permissible noise levels in residential buildings.

It is necessary to provide an entrance with a solid surface to the pumping station building. road surface for road transport.

Pipeline collectors and shut-off valves in pumping stations of heating networks, unlike, for example, pumping stations of water supply systems, they are not reserved.

Individual pumps with fittings and measuring instruments installed on their pressure and suction pipes must be disconnected from the manifolds by valves. In booster pumping stations, depending on the operating mode of the network on the supply and return pipelines network water A pressure regulator, cut-off regulator, check valve and relief valve can be installed. Check valves, as well as control valves and other devices in which pressure losses occur, are installed on the pressure pipelines of pumps. They are not recommended to be placed on pump suction lines to avoid cavitation.

When regulating pump pressure by throttling, the regulator is installed on the pressure manifold of the supply or return pipeline. If the pumps are located on the return line, then the pressure regulator installed on the pressure manifold maintains the set pressure in the return line suction manifold. When regulating pump pressure by bypass, the pressure regulator is installed on the pump bypass.

It is also recommended to provide a bypass line around the pumps to maintain circulation in the heating networks when the pumps are stopped. In this case, a check valve is installed on the bypass line. During operation of the pumping station, the check valve remains closed due to excess pressure in the pressure line. When the pumps stop, the check valve opens and allows circulation in the heating networks behind the pumping station. In this case, it is necessary to check the pressure of consumers in operating modes of the heating network with the booster pumps turned off.

The mud trap is located in front of the equipment and instruments protected from contamination (counting along the flow of the coolant).

Shut-off valves (valves) must be installed on the supply and return network water pipelines at the inlet and outlet of the pumping station.

In the event that the heating network is cut into hydraulically independent zones to replenish network water losses due to leaks, a make-up line is provided in the pumping station circuit. On the make-up line, make-up pumps with check valves on their pressure pipes, a pressure (make-up) regulator, a water meter for measuring the flow of network water with leaks and shut-off valves (gates, valves) are installed.

Shut-off valves allow you to repair or replace equipment and fittings installed on the make-up line without shutting down the entire pumping station.

When the pressure in the return line of the heating network ensures the maintenance of a given static pressure in the cut-off zone, make-up pumps and check valves are not installed on the make-up line.

The stations are used in the development of modern oil wells along with collection and preparation systems for deposits, metering installations, a pumping system and a central collection point for the preparation of petroleum products and materials disconnected from them. All elements are aggregated together through pipelines. Through them, the extracted liquid moves to the flow line, the diameter of which ranges from 73 to 114 mm. Then the raw materials are transported through collectors with an increased diameter.

Purpose

Stations (DNS) are used in wells that do not have sufficient reservoir energy to deliver oil and gas substances to preliminary water discharge devices (WWDU) or an oil products pumping point. As a rule, the units under consideration are used in separately located fields.

The main purpose of booster pumping stations is the separation of gas from oil, purification of raw materials from dripping liquid, subsequent movement of the oil mass using centrifugal pumps, and gas through pressure in the separator compartments. The booster pump station is the first stage of separation; it removes gas to a separate collector. It also provides for the discharge of water with its subsequent injection into absorption or injection wells.

Technological features

In practice, three standard sizes of booster pumping stations are used. Among them are models 7000, 14000 and 20000. The digital designation indicates the fluid supply of the unit (m/s). Technological procedures consist of the following operations:

The first stage of oil product separation.
Preliminary water discharge, if required.
Heating the well contents.
Moving the oil and gas mixture to the central processing plant.
Transportation of gas separated from oil at the first stage of purification to gas processing plants and other receiving points.
Average metering of oil, gas and water.
Loading of chemical reagents.

Below is the equipment of booster pumping stations:

Buffer tank.
Collection and pumping compartment
Pump with electric motor.
Equipment and instrumentation.
Distribution device.
Emergency gas release plugs.

Principle of operation

Oil is separated from gas in separate sections of the booster station, which are separator units. They perform not only gas sorting, but also sedimentation of crude oil from mechanical impurities and produced water. In essence, these units are settling tanks. They come in two types: horizontal and vertical.

The booster pumping station, the photo of which is presented below, is equipped with a horizontal buffer capacity per 100 cu. m. and a pump pump type 8ND-9X3 with an electric motor A-114-2M. The 700th version uses one pump and one buffer unit, and the 20000 modification uses additional analogues, along with the specified units. Also, backup pumping systems are provided at each station.

Design of a buffer tank at a booster pumping station

For buffer tanks, horizontal separator-type tanks are used. Their volume is 100 cubic meters, and the working pressure is 0.7 MPa. The creation of a uniform mirror of the placed liquid is ensured by transverse lattice-type partitions. Gas from these tanks is transported to a special assembly manifold.

The system can also use a vertical separator. It is a container in which an oil and gas mixture under pressure is supplied through a pipe into the distribution manifold. Next, the petroleum products pass through the pressure regulator, entering the atmosphere with a stable, uniform load. Due to the decrease in pressure, gas is released from the incoming mixture. Since this process takes time, inclined shelves in the design of the unit ensure the supply of purified solution to the lower part of the separator.

The extracted gas rises up and is then transported to a drip trap, which separates the oil particles and moves the gas into the gas pipeline. The removed oil goes into a special pan. The process is controlled using a regulator, a glass observer and a sludge drain.

Construction diagrams

One of the technological block booster pumping stations is equipped with centrifugal pumps. Since there is a significant amount of gas in the formations, its supply to the pump may exceed the critical value of 10 to 15 percent. To ensure normal operation of the units, preliminary separation of the layers and the products they contain is used. This approach reduces gas content and removes more than 70 percent of produced water. For pumping equipment This design uses plunger, multiphase and centrifugal pumping devices.

In the second version of the operating scheme of the booster pump station, the installation of exclusively pumps with several phases is provided. In this case, the formation raw material is sent to the central processing plant. The system then eliminates the need to separate associated gas streams. Moreover, this happens directly on the territory of the developed field. Multiphase pumps make it possible to significantly reduce the pressure at the inlet manifold of the booster pump station. Nevertheless, such units experience a critical load when the content of mechanical impurities exceeds, which requires the installation of additional filter elements.

Centrifugal pumps

Such units are designed for pumping oil mass saturated with water and gas. They function optimally at an operating temperature of the supplied mixture of about 45 degrees Celsius and a density of up to 1000 kg/cub.m.

The kinematic viscosity of the processed mass is no more than 8.5 parts in the hydrogen parameter. The gas content is fixed within 3 percent. The same level of paraffin should not exceed 20 percent, taking into account other mechanical impurities. Automation of the booster pumping station allows the unit to be equipped with the ability to reduce overall leaks to 100 milliliters per hour.

Pump device

The main working part of the booster station consists of a housing with covers for the discharge and suction lines. In addition, the design includes front and rear brackets, guide systems, and fixing bolt elements.

The guide section aggregates with sealing rings and forms a single pump unit. The body joints of the guide devices have an impeller. These parts form the main compartment of the pump. Body connections have rubber seals that are resistant to oil products. This design allows you to change the pressure force of supplying the working mixture, depending on the characteristics of the well being developed, as well as the number of impellers and guide devices. When operating the unit, only the length of the tie rods and shaft changes.

The support brackets of the pumping mechanism are made of cast iron. This makes it possible to increase the stability and reliability of the unit. The system also includes seals made of a special extruded material and parts of their alloy chrome and nickel.

Finally

The booster pumping station, the dimensions and characteristics of which are discussed above, has a specific purpose. It serves for separation and transportation of oil and gas mixtures to receiving and processing facilities. This involves collecting and preparing components from water, gas and oil.

Automated block booster pumping stations are also involved in gas separation and purification of the mixture from dropping liquid. Oil is pumped by a special pump, and gas is transported under the pressure generated during the separation process. At field enterprises, petroleum products pass through buffer tanks, arriving at the transfer pump and oil pipeline. By and large, a booster pumping station is a full-cycle pumping station that allows you to take into account the supply, processing and quantity of petroleum product components used in production.

Booster pumping stations (BPS) are used in cases where in fields (a group of fields) the reservoir energy is not enough to transport the oil and gas mixture to the water treatment unit or central processing station. Typically, booster pumping stations are used in remote fields.

Booster pumping stations are designed for separation of oil from gas, purification of gas from droplet liquid, further separate transportation of oil by centrifugal pumps, and gas under separation pressure. Depending on the bandwidth There are several types of DNS for liquids.

The booster pumping station consists of the following blocks:

· buffer capacity;

· collection and pumping of oil leaks;

· pumping unit;

· spark plugs for emergency gas release.

All DNS blocks are unified. Horizontal oil and gas separators (OGS) with a volume of 50 m 3 and more. The booster station has a reserve buffer capacity and a pumping unit. According to the technological scheme of the DNS, buffer tanks are intended for:

· receiving oil in order to ensure a uniform flow of oil to the receiving pumps;

· separation of oil from gas;

maintaining a constant head of about 0.3 - 0.6 MPa at the pump reception.

To create a calm liquid mirror, the internal plane of the buffer tank is equipped with lattice transverse partitions. Gas from the buffer tanks is discharged into the gas collection manifold.

The pump unit includes several pumps, a ventilation system, a liquid leakage collection system, a process control system and a heating system. Each pump has an electric motor. The process parameters monitoring system is equipped with secondary sensors, with the output of instrument readings to the control panel in the control room of the booster station. The pump unit is equipped with several protection systems when the pump operating parameters deviate from the operating parameters:

1. Automatic shutdown of pumps in the event of an emergency decrease or increase in pressure in the discharge line. Control is carried out using electrical contact pressure gauges.

2. Automatic shutdown of pumps in the event of an emergency increase in the temperature of pump bearings or electric motors. Control is carried out using temperature sensors.

3. Automatic closing of pump discharge valves in case of their shutdown.

4. Automatic switching on exhaust ventilation if the maximum permissible gas concentration in the pump room is exceeded, the pumps must be automatically switched off.

The leak collection and pumping unit consists of a drainage tank with a volume of 4 - 12 m 3, equipped with an HB 50/50 pump with an electric motor. This block is used to collect leaks from pump seals and from safety valves buffer tanks. Liquid is pumped out from the drainage tank to receive the main process pumps. The level in the tank is controlled using float sensors, depending on the specified upper and lower levels.

How DNS works

Oil from group metering units enters buffer tanks and is separated. Then the oil is supplied to the receiving pumps and further into the oil pipeline. Separated gas under pressure up to 0.6 MPa through the pressure control unit it enters the field gas collection manifold. Through the gas collection manifold, gas is supplied to a gas compressor station or to a gas processing plant (GPP). Gas flow is measured by a chamber diaphragm installed on the common gas line. The oil level in the buffer tanks is maintained using a float level gauge and an electric valve located on the pressure oil pipeline. When the maximum permissible liquid level in the oil and gas separator (OGS) is exceeded, the level sensor transmits a signal to the control device of the electric drive valve, it opens, and the level in the OGS decreases. When the level drops below the minimum permissible level, the electrically driven valve closes, thereby ensuring an increase in the liquid level in the oil pumping system. To ensure uniform distribution of oil and pressure, the buffer tanks are connected to each other by a bypass line.

Each booster station must contain a technological diagram and operating regulations approved by the technical manager of the enterprise. According to these regulatory documents control over the operating mode of the DNS is carried out.

The installation diagram is shown in Fig. 4.1.

4.2.2. Description of the principle technological scheme booster pumping station with a preliminary water discharge installation (BPS with UPSV)

The technological complex of CPS structures with water treatment plant includes:

3) heating of well products;

4) transportation of gas-saturated oil to the central processing station;

7) injection of chemical reagents (inhibitors, reagents - demulsifiers) according to the recommendations of research organizations.

Fig.4.1. Booster pumping station (BSS)

N-1 – centrifugal pump. Flows: GVD at the gas treatment plant – gas high pressure for a complex gas treatment plant, GND – low pressure gas.

Oil separation and preliminary water discharge are carried out at the booster station with water treatment plant. Associated petroleum gas from the field is used for the needs of boiler houses and supplied to the gas treatment plant.

The liquid produced at the field undergoes preliminary dehydration at a water treatment unit with a booster pump station. After the separators, it enters parallel settling tanks, where the emulsion is separated. Then the partially dehydrated oil is supplied to the oil treatment plant and central processing plant for final oil preparation. The prepared water is sent to a cluster pumping station, where it is pumped into the reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure.

b) separation of gas from liquid with preliminary gas selection;

The process of preliminary oil dehydration should be provided for when the water cut of the incoming well production is at least 15-20% and carried out, as a rule, without additional heating of the well products using demulsifiers that are highly effective at moderate and low temperatures in the process of preliminary oil dehydration. Preliminary dehydration of oil should mainly be carried out in devices for the joint preparation of oil and water. In this case, the discharged reservoir rocks must be of a quality that, as a rule, ensures their injection into productive horizons without additional purification (only water degassing is provided).

The installation diagram is shown in Fig. 4.2.

4.3. Description of the basic technological diagram of the preliminary water discharge installation (UPWW)

The preliminary water discharge installation resembles a simplified diagram of an oil treatment installation. The fundamental difference is the lack of equipment for the final dehydration of oil to comply with GOST 51858-2002.

Oil separation and preliminary water discharge are carried out at the water treatment plant. Associated petroleum gas from the field is used for the needs of boiler houses and supplied to the gas treatment plant.

The liquid produced at the field undergoes preliminary dehydration at the water treatment unit. After the separators, it enters parallel settling tanks, where the emulsion is separated. The partially dehydrated oil then enters the final separation unit (FSU), where gas is sampled at a lower pressure and then sent to an oil treatment unit (OPF) or a central collection point (CPF) for final oil treatment. The prepared water is sent to a cluster pumping station, where it is pumped into the reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure.

The process flow diagram must provide:

a) preparing the oil emulsion for separation before entering the “settling” apparatus;

b) separation of gas from liquid with preliminary gas selection and final degassing;

c) preliminary dehydration of oil to a water content of no more than 5 - 10% (mass.).

To prepare the oil emulsion for separation, provision must be made for the supply of a reagent - a demulsifier at the end sections of oil and gas collection (before the first stage of oil separation), and, if there are appropriate recommendations from scientific research organizations, for the supply of water returned from the oil treatment units.

Preliminary dehydration of oil should mainly be carried out in devices for the joint preparation of oil and water. In this case, the discharged formation water must have a quality, usually an oil product content of up to 30 mg/l, the EHF content ensures their injection into productive horizons without additional purification (only water degassing is provided).

The discharge of formation water from oil preliminary dehydration devices must be provided under residual pressure, ensuring its supply to the receiving pumping stations of the flooding system or, if necessary, to wastewater treatment plants without installing additional pumping stations.

The installation diagram is shown in Fig. 4.3.

4.4. Description of the basic technological diagram of the oil treatment unit (OPU)

The oil treatment unit is designed for dehydration and degassing of oil to parameters that meet the requirements of GOST R 51858-2002.

In the oil and gas separator S-1, oil is degassed at a pressure of 0.6 MPa which is maintained by the pressure regulator. To facilitate the destruction of the water-oil emulsion, a demulsifier from the chemical reagent dosing unit is introduced before the S-1 separator.

From separator S-1, partially degassed oil and formation water enter the inlet of the settling unit, the pressure in which is maintained at 0.3 MPa pressure regulator. Produced water from the sludge block is sent to plumbing facilities for subsequent disposal. Partially dehydrated and degassed oil from exhaust gas is sent to electric dehydrators (EDG) for final dehydration of oil, then the dehydrated oil is supplied to the final separation unit - KSU, the pressure in which is maintained at 0.102 MPa.

Rice. 4.2. Booster pumping station with a preliminary water discharge installation (BPS with UPSV)

Equipment: S-1; S-2 – oil and gas separators (OGS), GS – gas separators;

EG – horizontal settling tank; N-1, N-2 – centrifugal pumps.

Flows: GVD at the gas treatment plant - high-pressure gas to the integrated gas treatment plant, GND - low-pressure gas.

The prepared oil from the CSU is supplied by gravity to the tank farm for storage and subsequent truck removal or supply of oil to the transport pipeline.

Degassing gas from S-1 and S-2 enters the gas separators GS and is sent to the complex gas treatment installation of the gas treatment facility.

The remaining gas from the gas pipeline is used for own needs as fuel gas for power plants.

The separated droplet liquid from the HS is directed into the general oil flow line through a buffer tank, which is not indicated in the diagram.

The technological complex of UPF facilities includes:

1) the first stage of oil separation;

2) preliminary water discharge;

3) heating of well products;

4) dehydration in the electric dehydrator unit;

4) transportation of oil to the tank farm;

5) non-compressor transport of oil gas to the gas treatment plant;

6) transportation of prepared formation water to the reservoir pressure maintenance system;

7) injection of chemical reagents (inhibitors, demulsifiers)

This type collection and treatment system installations are the final stage in the path of produced products from the well to prepared and purified oil intended for further processing.

The installation diagram is shown in Fig. 4.4.

Rice. 4.3. Preliminary water discharge unit (UPWW)

Equipment: S-1; S-2 – oil and gas separators (OGS), GS – gas separators;

EG – Horizontal settling tank; N-1, N-2 – centrifugal pumps.

Flows: CGTU – high-pressure gas to a complex gas treatment plant.

Rice. 4.4. Oil treatment unit (OPU)

Equipment: S-1; S-2 – oil and gas separators (OGS), GS – gas separators; EDH – electric dehydrator;

EG – horizontal settling tank; N-1, N-2 – centrifugal pumps; RVS – stationary tank.

Flows: CGTU – high-pressure gas to a complex gas treatment unit; WUV – water metering unit; UUN – oil metering unit.

4.4.1.Production of oil and gas wells– mixture,

oil,
gas,
mineralized water,
mechanical mixtures (rocks, hardened cement)

It must be collected from wells dispersed over a large area and processed as raw material to produce commercial oil and gas.

Oil collection and preparation(Fig. 4.5) are unified system processes and represent a complex complex:

pipelines;
block automated equipment;
devices technologically interconnected.

Fig.4.5. Schematic diagram oil collection and treatment technologies.

It must provide:

preventing losses of petroleum gas and light fractions of oil from evaporation along the entire route and from the very beginning of development;
no pollution environment caused by oil and water spills;
reliability of each link and the system as a whole;
high technical and economic performance indicators.

Oil and gas collection in the fields - this is the process of transporting oil, water and gas through pipelines to central point collection They are transported under the influence of pressure caused by: pressure at the wellhead; pressure generated by pumps (if necessary).

Oil pipelines, along which oil is collected from wells, are called prefabricated sewers, the pressure in the manifold is called line pressure.

The choice of in-field collection scheme for well production is determined depending on: natural and climatic conditions; field development systems; physical and chemical properties of formation fluids; methods and volumes of oil, gas and water production.

These conditions make it possible to: measure the flow rates of each well;
transporting well products under the pressure available at the wellhead to the maximum possible distance; maximum sealing of the system in order to eliminate losses of gas and light oil fractions;
possibility of mixing oils of different horizons;
the need to heat well production in the case of production of high-viscosity and highly paraffinic oils.

After the BPS, oil is pumped out to the central pumping station, and gas is pumped through a separate gas pipeline due to the pressure in the BPS separator (usually 0.3-0.4 MPa) is also sent to the central processing station, where it is prepared for further transport. Two-pipe systems for collecting well production are used in large-area oil fields, when the well pressure is insufficient to transport well production to the central processing station.

On most oil fields In Western Siberia, two-pipe collection systems are mainly used, in which well production through flow lines is supplied to group metering unit (GZU), where is the measurement taken? flow rates(productivity) of individual wells. Then, after gas treatment, the oil is supplied to booster pump station (BPS), where the first stage of oil separation is carried out (separation
the main amount of gas from oil).

Fig. 4.6. Schematic diagram of flow rate change at a group installation

1-prefabricated manifold; 2 – working comb; 3 – collection gas separator; 4 – discharge manifold; 5 - booster pump; 6 – gas pipeline; 7 - three-way valve; 8 – measuring manifold; 9 – measuring separator; 10 – debitometer.

At some fields, separate collection of products from water-free and water-flooded wells is carried out. In this case, the production of waterless wells, without mixing with the production of watered wells, is supplied to the central processing station. Well production is also collected separately if mixing of oils from different horizons, for example, those without and those containing hydrogen sulfide, is undesirable. Products from watered wells and products that are undesirable to be mixed are transported through separate flow lines and oil and gas collection manifolds to the central processing plant. Based on the nature of the movement of well products through pipelines, collection systems are divided into unsealed two-pipe gravity systems and on high pressure sealed systems.