It's nice to take a walk through the forest and at the same time pick up a basket of porcini mushrooms. But it’s even nicer to cut them off own garden. The article will discuss how you can grow excellent specimens in home conditions, slightly different from natural ones. Here you can find out the simplest and most accessible cultivation methods, and watch relevant photos and videos.

Biological features, description of porcini mushroom and its varieties

The mushroom began to be called “white” due to its non-darkening pulp after drying and cooking. He belongs to the boletus family. It has a specific mushroom aroma and amazing taste.

Confuse White mushroom with any other it is very difficult. It is endowed with the following characteristics:

• The leg is barrel-shaped. In old mushrooms it is elongated and cylindrical.
• Its color can be white or light brown.
• The hat is always brown. If a young mushroom is “hidden” under moss or leaves, then it is white. Sometimes it happens that its color and the color of the leg completely coincide.
• The opened cap can be up to 30 cm in diameter.

Porcini

• Its shape in young specimens is strongly convex. When overripe, it resembles an open umbrella.
• The hat feels pleasant and velvety to the touch. The skin does not come off.
• The flesh of the mushroom is white. Juicy and elastic. When overripe, it may acquire a beige tint.
• The leg is always clean, there are no remains of the bedspread.
• The layer with spore-bearing tubes in young mushrooms is light. As it ages, it becomes greenish-olive.

You can find porcini mushrooms on almost all continents. The exceptions are very hot and very cold zones.

Fruiting bodies appear in May or June. In the future, porcini mushrooms can be collected until late autumn. They grow in colonies, so next to one mushroom you should always look for a second one. Boletus mushrooms, as porcini mushrooms are also called, prefer places illuminated by the sun. Sandy, sandy loam and loamy types of soil suit them. They do not tolerate swampy areas and peat bogs.

For normal growth and development of porcini mushrooms, it is necessary to “cohabitate” with certain trees, the so-called mycorrhiza - one of the types of symbiosis. The mycelium is very tightly intertwined with the roots and partially penetrates inside. It gives mineral salts and nitrogen to the tree, and in return receives organic substances that it itself is not capable of producing.

Attention! It is the mandatory presence of specific trees nearby that does not allow the artificial cultivation of porcini mushrooms on a large scale for sale.

Among the known varieties of porcini mushroom are the following:

White birch mushroom

1. Reticulated porcini mushroom - found in forests dominated by beech, oak, and hornbeam.
2. The dark bronze porcini mushroom is a resident of oak forests and hornbeam forests.
3. Birch porcini mushroom - true to its name, grows exclusively under birch trees.
4. Pine white mushroom - lives in pine forests and spruce forests.
5. Oak porcini mushroom - grows only in symbiosis with oak.
6. Spruce - can be found in spruce and fir forests.

How to grow mushrooms using soaked caps

Planting porcini mushrooms on your own plot and getting a harvest is not an easy task. First you need to prepare planting material:

• The caps of picked mushrooms are separated from the stems.

Attention! Mushrooms whose caps will be used for germination must be overgrown. They should be collected in the forest only under those trees under which further planting is planned.

• Suitable caps are immersed in a bucket of soft (possibly rain) water, to which several crystals of potassium permanganate have been added.
• Add a little sugar (100 g per bucket of water). This creates a nutrient medium.
• The hats are kneaded well by hand. This is done to ensure that the spores get into the water.
• The resulting pulp is left for a day.

White mushroom mycelium

Fungal spores are sown at the end of summer, about a meter from suitable trees. Approximately 15 cm of soil is cut off from above with a shovel, trying to expose but not damage the roots. Mushroom paste is poured here. The area where the spores were sown is covered with previously removed soil and well moistened.

Attention! The planting should be watered very carefully so that the planted material is not washed away.
In the future, this place should be regularly watered without letting the soil dry out.

Growing mushrooms by planting mycelium

This is another quite affordable way cultivation of porcini mushrooms. First, prepare the substrate:

1. Rotted leaves, chopped wood and horse manure are laid out on the pile in layers.
2. After laying, everything is watered with nitrogen-containing fertilizer, which stimulates the growth of mycelium.
3. After a week, the layers are turned over.
4. A month later, the resulting mixture is filled with a pre-dug trench (depth 30 cm, width arbitrary), periodically sprinkled with earth.

Following the technology, you can grow porcini mushrooms on your own plot

In this case, mycelium is used as planting material. Prepare it like this:

• They look for a porcini mushroom in the forest.
• Around it, within a radius of about 30 cm, a layer of earth 15 cm thick is cut off.
• The resulting piece is divided into 5-10 small fragments.
• They are laid out in a checkerboard pattern along the bed described above to a depth of about 7 cm. A small layer of leaves is poured over the planting.

Attention! For successful cultivation By transplanting the mycelium, you need to use the leaves and wood of the tree from which you plan to extract it.

Caring for mushroom plantings in the first and second cases is no different. The main thing is to monitor the level of soil moisture. You need to water abundantly, once a week. Planting should be done either in May-June or at the end of September, but only for the next season.

1. Choosing a location. Sowing of mushrooms should be carried out under those trees under which they will form myceliums. To do this, scatter the spores under the trees. For example, porcini mushrooms grow well under pine trees, morels - under apple trees, boletus mushrooms - under blue spruce trees.
2. Sowing spores. The method is more effective than scattering pieces of mushrooms across a clearing or under trees. To obtain spores, simply soak the porous part of the mushrooms in water, let it sit overnight, and then water the areas under the trees with this water. Within a year, it will be possible to observe rooted mycelium.
3. Selection of trees taking into account the survival rate of forest mushrooms under them. To breed mycelium, one birch tree and as much space as possible under it is enough. The main thing is to choose trees for planting and propagating mushrooms that are naturally suitable for one or another species.

Reproduction methods

Mushroom propagation garden plot possible in several ways.

1. Grind young mushrooms, dig them with mycelium threads closer to the roots of aspen or birch. Even porcini mushrooms can be grown in this way.
2. Collect young mushrooms in the forest in rainy weather, arrange them in a heap under a birch or aspen, covering them with foliage.
3. If you moisten the soil regularly, then within a year the first new mushrooms will appear.
4. Plant several small trees on the site, under which mushrooms previously grew. The first harvest can be expected in 2–3 years. Young pines are not afraid of transplantation. They can be buried in the area near the berry bushes and watered more often in the future. Butterflies grow well in the country and are quite prolific on calcareous soils throughout the season, but the appearance of the first mushrooms after planting the trees will have to wait 2-3 years.

Features of growing oyster mushrooms in the garden

To grow oyster mushrooms, you will need to arrange a mycelium and purchase a nutrient mixture with mushroom spores - mycelium. Take care of mycelium better in autumn without covering the log until spring. It must be saturated and saturated with water for better breeding mycelium with the onset of spring and the dacha season.

1. To arrange the mycelium you need to prepare chocks from poplar, willow, birch with a diameter of 20–25 cm and up to 150 cm in length. The logs must be freshly cut or kept dry for no more than 1 year. Spores do not form in rotten wood.
2. Chocks need to be processed copper sulfate(2%), let dry.
3. Make indentations in the log up to 4 cm deep on the side that will further adjoin the ground, also saw through the ends of the chock.
4. Place the log in a shaded place with moderate humidity.
5. There is no need to dig up the area to place the log, the main thing is that it fits snugly along its entire length to the ground.
6. First you need to lay a layer of humus up to 5 cm thick, then drown the chock in it.
7. Sprinkle humus from the leaves on the sides of the chock, without covering the cuts made.
8. Mid May – best time for laying mycelium. The cuts need to be disinfected, spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate at boiling point, then rinsed with water and dried a little.
9. Sprinkle the log with hay and straw. It is important to create a moist but warm environment in the cuts for better mycelium propagation. The top can be covered with burlap treated with potassium permanganate, then with a film with holes made up to 50 pieces per 1 square meter. meter for air penetration.
10. For 2 months, the burlap should be sprayed regularly with water, keeping the area around the log moist. After 3-4 weeks you need to add wood ash along the circumference of the log.
11. Has mycelium appeared? You can check it after a couple of months by removing the burlap with film or straw. Should appear in the cuts white coating. If it's not there, you can wait a little longer. The main thing is to always maintain humidity near the log. To avoid damage to the mycelium, it is better to water the block of wood with settled warm water.
12. If everything is done correctly, oyster mushrooms should soon appear, which must be collected carefully, without harming the mycelium. In 1 year you can collect up to 3 mushroom harvests.
13. If there are no mushrooms in the cuts, the old mycelium must be removed, Disinfect the place and add a new portion of mycelium. If the harvest does not appear on all logs, it means that the wood logs are barren and infected with mold. The log must be burned, otherwise it will become a source of infection for other nearby logs.
14. Before winter, the block of wood should be covered with sawdust, pine needles, and spruce branches. Sprinkle snow on top. When the snow melts, you can check the condition of the mycelium.

Features of growing porcini mushrooms

To grow porcini mushrooms, you need to purchase mycelium in dry powder.

1. Choose a place to place it, preferably in the shade, under trees.
2. Dig a pit up to 30 cm deep, line it with tree bark and fallen leaves in a layer of up to 10 cm.
3. Lay out a layer of humus, then a thin layer of dry mycelium, after mixing it with dry soil and sand.
4. Cover the bed with plant remains, with a layer of up to 3 cm, then with a layer of soil up to 5 cm. This will be a mycelium.
5. Water the area by drip. Water from time to time, avoiding dryness in the mycelium.
6. It is not necessary to buy planting material, that is, mycelium in the store. For example, boletus mushrooms can be cut under birch trees, and from them the hymenophore is already the layer under the cap, twisting it through a meat grinder into minced meat and adding water in a ratio of 1x2. Then infuse the mixture until the pulp floats to the top and the mycelium settles to the bottom. The floating mixture must be skimmed off with a spoon, water added and until the spores become saturated.
7. Next, mix the resulting concentrate (1 tsp) with gelatin and starch, diluting with water (10 liters). You need to water the prepared tree 1-2 times a week.
8. The mycelium in the garden needs to be watered periodically; the first harvest will be possible no earlier than in 1 year.
9. “Domesticated” mushrooms need to be fertilized periodically. You can water it with regular coffee grounds to accelerate growth and protect against invasion, moths, and mold development. You can add it to coffee grounds mineral complexes and feed the mushroom bed, spreading the mixture evenly.
10. Along with planting the mycelium, you can add hydrogel to the soil, then the plantation will not need frequent watering.

Features of growing honey mushrooms

The technology for growing honey mushrooms is quite simple and is not much different from the cultivation of other common mushrooms that create symbiosis with trees.

The planting procedure boils down to adding mycelium or other seed material into the thickness of the tree and contamination of wooden logs with seed material.

To do this, cuts are made in the wood on the end and side surfaces or several holes are drilled with a depth of 5–6 cm and a diameter of 3–5 mm using a drill, which are then filled with mycelium. All cuts and holes filled with seed are covered with a mixture of earth and straw or dry grass.

The most in a simple way Planting honey mushrooms in a rotten log involves introducing mycelium into cracks or under the bark. For artificial cultivation of honey mushrooms, it is best to use grain mycelium, which is purchased at specialized enterprises and grown under sterile conditions in mycological laboratories.

For many, this method may not be applicable, but it is reliable and effective. Method of obtaining good harvest It will be useful only to those who have points of sale or farms for growing mushrooms in artificial conditions.

As seed material for growing honey mushrooms, you can successfully use pieces of mycelium obtained from fruiting parts of wood infected with fungal spores, stumps, trunks of fallen trees or used logs.

Parts of wood found in the forest or brought from a mushroom farm are examined for parts of a well-developed mycelium. They can be recognized by a white or white-cream coating or threads on the surface, with a pronounced, pleasant mushroom smell.

Carefully cut out or saw out such places and, dividing them into small pieces, place them into the cracks or slits on pre-prepared fresh logs or logs.

To speed up the development of the mycelium, it is better to wrap the “plantation” with cellophane film. Then, when proper care, the harvest can be obtained in the fall.

The growth rate of mushrooms is affected by various factors: climatic conditions, mycelium quality, wood type, humidity and daytime temperatures. Don't wait for the harvest right away. After introducing the seed, the first harvest can be expected only next year. The number of productive years can vary from 4 to 8 years.

To avoid infection with mycelium fruit trees and household wooden buildings, you need to ensure that the mushroom farm is isolated from garden plantings. For example, you can dig a small trench around and fill it with sand and gravel so that the mycelium does not spread to garden trees.

Edible and tasty mushrooms grow not only in forest areas. For growing some species, a regular garden or summer cottage plot is quite suitable.

Edible and tasty mushrooms grow not only in forest areas

To grow forest mushrooms in your garden plot, you need to know which edible species can be planted outside the forest. The following types of planting will be successful:

• oyster mushroom;
• champignon;
• honey mushrooms;
• saffron milk caps;
• boletus;
• chanterelles;
• milk mushrooms

You can also sow boletus or boletus on the site by burying mycelium threads in the root zone of the trees. With some skills, it is quite possible to grow even porcini mushrooms.

Gallery: mushrooms in the garden plot (25 photos)

How to grow porcini mushrooms in the country (video)

Conditions for growing mushrooms in the garden

It is not too difficult to plant and grow forest mushrooms in your local area with your own hands. However, cultivation requires mandatory compliance with a number of requirements, as well as taking into account such natural phenomenon, like mycorrhiza.

Thus, in order to successfully grow forest mushrooms and get a high yield, it is necessary that forest trees be present on the site. For example, the porcini mushroom cohabits with trees such as oak, pine and birch, and in order for boletus and boletus to grow, vegetation of the appropriate type is also needed.

To successfully grow forest mushrooms and get a high yield, it is necessary that there are forest trees on the site

Popular methods of growing mushrooms in the country

If we grow mushrooms in the local area, then we must take into account that each forest edible species has its own, strictly defined breeding method.

Breeding boletus

At the dacha we grow the true oiler (Suillus luteus) and the granular oiler (Suillus granulatus). The second type is more unpretentious and productive, therefore it is grown much more often. The most convenient way of propagation is to transplant a young tree from the forest., under which the mushroom grows and there is a richly fruiting mycelium. Standard care maintaining such a mushroom plantation includes regular watering and ensuring sufficient protection of the site, which will not allow the growing mycelium to be trampled.

Breeding saffron milk caps

To grow delicious camelina (Lаstarius deliciоosus) in the countryside, a young pine tree with mycorrhiza is transplanted from the forest onto calcareous soils. This species is characterized by larger sizes and less bright colors. And the peak of fruiting occurs in late autumn. During the growing process, it is necessary to ensure the availability of sufficiently tall, unmown grass.

Breeding chanterelles

Forest chanterelles (Cantharellus sibarius) quite often grow on summer cottage spontaneously, but only in the presence of trees. Also it is quite possible to transplant a young forest plant , under which abundant fruiting of chanterelles was observed. Special care this type of edible mushrooms does not require, and bears fruit well even in dry or relatively cold years.

Forest chanterelles quite often grow spontaneously in a summer cottage

Breeding milk mushrooms

The most successful is the cultivation of white podgrudka (Russula delica) in the local area, the white and sweet pulp of which is almost completely devoid of bitterness and milky juice. Quite often this species is found in the garden under birch trees., where the plant bears fruit abundantly and for a long time from mid-summer. You can also sow your own spore suspension with pulp diluted in water at room temperature.

Real breast milk (Lastarius resimus) and nigella (Lastarius necator) can be grown in the local area by transplanting a tree with well-developed, overgrown mycorrhiza from the forest.

The most successful way to grow in the local area is to load white

Champignon breeding

A special planting nutrient substrate is first created, represented by equine or cow dung, lime, gypsum and straw.

• The entire component needs to be well compacted, watered and covered with plastic wrap for about two or three weeks.
• Then you need to dig a trench of sufficient width and depth of one shovel bayonet.
• The bottom of the dug trench is compacted, after which the space is filled with a nutrient substrate and watered abundantly with warm water.
• At the final stage, the mycelium or champignon mycelium is colonized on the improvised ridge.

Growing champignons in your own garden is not difficult.

Breeding oyster mushrooms

For cultivation, it is necessary to prepare trunks of trees such as aspen, poplar or alder with a diameter of a quarter of a meter.

• The prepared trunks are sawn into logs 40 cm long, after which about twenty holes are made on one side with a depth of 40-50 mm and a diameter of 20-30 mm.
• The holes are filled with mycelium and covered with a piece of moss.
• Then the logs prepared in this way are dug in in a shady area, buried approximately 10-15 cm into the soil.

Throughout the entire period of mycelium growth, it is necessary to thoroughly moisten the plantings. Using the same technology, you can breed forest mushrooms.

How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps (video)

How to increase the chance of mycelium survival

To increase the efficiency of growing forest mushrooms from mycelium, It is very important to adhere to the following simple recommendations:

• When choosing fruiting bodies for further planting, you need to pay attention to the type of tree under which mushrooms are collected. It is optimal to collect “seed material” under different trees who must be completely healthy;
• The collected mushrooms must be processed as quickly as possible. Soaking must be done no later than ten hours after collection, and sowing of the “seed” must be carried out the next day. Frozen mushrooms are not suitable for growing;
• In the process of soaking collected forest mushrooms in order to prepare “seed material”, it is recommended to add a small amount of sugar or alcohol to the water. Such additions significantly increase the survival rate of mycelium in the local area. The total amount of alcohol added should be approximately four tablespoons per bucket of water. The amount of sugar is about 45-50 g per bucket of water;
• approximately three hours before planting the mycelium, it is very important to sufficiently water the area allocated for growing forest mushrooms with special disinfectant solutions. To disinfect soil and destroy pathogenic soil microflora, solutions based on brewing black tea or oak bark.

The timing of planting wild mushrooms may vary, but it is best to complete the entire scope of planting activities before mid-September. More late boarding negatively affects the survival rate. After planting, it is necessary to strictly control the humidity levels in the area. In too hot or dry periods, irrigation activities can be carried out every other day, spending about three buckets of water for each plant.

Collected mushrooms must be processed as soon as possible

How to propagate edible mushrooms in your garden

After choosing a place for planting, one of two methods of growing forest mushrooms in the local area is selected.

Application of mycelium

In this case, a mycelium purchased at a specialized store or independently prepared is used. The mycelium is carefully dug out, after which a number of simple measures are performed:

• place a small layer of compost based on grass, wood dust and peat soil in the resulting trench;
• on top of the nutrient compost layer in a checkerboard pattern, with a distance of a quarter of a meter, the mycelium is located;

A high-quality mycelium has a color characteristic of the mushroom species, and should not emit the smell of ammonia.

A high-quality mycelium has a color characteristic of the mushroom species and should not emit an ammonia odor

Spore reproduction

For the purpose of such reproduction, it is necessary to use the caps and hymenophores of forest fruiting bodies. In this case, the breeding technology includes the following step-by-step measures:

• collect rain or melt water in a bucket;
• collect a sufficient number of clean and undamaged mushroom caps;
• cut the mushroom caps into pieces and soak in rain or melt water for about a day;
• knead the soaked caps with a wooden handle to obtain a solution with the most homogeneous consistency;
• filter the solution through one layer of pharmaceutical gauze;
• select a symbiont tree on the site;
• mark a radius of one and a half meters around the tree;
• along the marked circle, a layer of soil about a quarter of a meter deep is removed;
• evenly pour the filtered solution onto the bottom of the dug trench, consuming about 2.0 liters of liquid per square meter;
• carefully place on root system mushroom pieces remaining after straining of the symbiont tree;
• Sprinkle the planting with the removed soil, then water it generously with settled and warmed water in the sun.

The rules for caring for the planting are standard and consist of weekly watering, using five buckets of sun-warmed water per symbiont tree. To prevent the mycelium from freezing, the plantings can be covered with plastic film or non-woven gardening material.

How to plant mushrooms in the country (video)

How to get rid of inedible and poisonous mushrooms in the garden

Wood-destroying toadstools, as well as the rose-plated or poisonous entoloma, are frequent visitors to personal plots. To get rid of such mushrooms, use different ways, including surface removal by mowing or tearing, deep excavation with a soil layer, improving site lighting and reducing soil moisture.

Have you ever wondered how to grow mushrooms in the country? Sounds exotic? This is true. Only a few are doing this so far. However, why not try a new activity, moreover, it does not require large financial investments or significant effort. At the same time, you will be able to collect incredible harvests without competition from similar mushroom pickers and tedious trips to the forest. Having thoroughly mastered the new section of gardening, you will even be able to put your crops up for sale.

How to plant mushrooms in the country?

There are several basic ways to plant mushrooms in the country:

Equipment for growing mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms, which are sold in stores all year round, are grown using the production method in large volumes in special installations. You can master their breeding in even a small barn or basement. Someone is making of this home business, while for some it is enough to simply provide themselves and all their loved ones with mushrooms for their own consumption. How to grow mushrooms in the country?

The mushroom growing kit looks something like this:

• a substrate consisting of straw, sawdust from non-coniferous trees, husks from seeds, crushed into dust and pasteurized in hot water;
• plastic bags with holes every 10-15 cm into which the prepared substrate is placed;
• mushroom mycelium, which must be placed in bags in layers between the substrate.

What mushrooms can you plant in your dacha?

Almost any forest mushrooms can be successfully grown on your own local area. The most common mushrooms in the country are:

• boletus;
• White mushroom;
• boletus;
• oiler;
• saffron milk cap

How to grow champignon mushrooms?

Can be grown in bags, boxes, or in the garden. A richer harvest will be obtained by growing in artificial conditions, that is, in bags or boxes. Plus, you can better control diseases and pests by simply isolating contaminated containers. So, to the question of how best to grow mushrooms at home, the answer is to create suitable conditions indoors.

To grow champignons, a simple straw or sawdust substrate will not be enough. You will need high-quality compost, consisting of rotted straw and rye or wheat seeds. It can be purchased from agricultural organizations. To it you need to add horse manure (up to 80% of the total volume) or mullein. Bird droppings will also work, but the mushroom yield will be lower. Mycelium is placed in this substrate at the rate of 400-500 g per square meter.

So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? Having placed the mycelium in bags with substrate, you need to wait 3 days, then make 5-6 slits in each bag and leave in the dark at a temperature of +18-20°C. After 2-3 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear in the slots. At this point, you need to transfer the bags to a ventilated and 24-hour lit room with a temperature of +20-27°C and high humidity(70-95%). The champignons will grow to their required size in 3-4 weeks. Having collected their harvest, you need to transfer the bags again to a dark room, where after a week they will begin to grow again.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

The king of mushrooms grows successfully in a well-prepared area. How to grow these mushrooms in the country? To grow them, you can use one of the methods described above - transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium (including purchased ones), dispersing spores. These excellent forest mushrooms in the countryside grow not far from trees, where you need to remove a half-meter layer of soil, spread compost, plant seeds, mycelium or mycelium and cover them with a layer of leaves. The area with mycelium must be watered periodically. In winter, the mycelium should be sprinkled with compost and, if necessary, covered with film.

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country?

To grow, you will need the kit mentioned above (substrate, mycelium and bags). The question remains open - how to properly grow mushrooms, what kind of room is best to equip them, how to moisten them, etc. The room for oyster mushrooms should be closed, dark, with a constant temperature of +22-25°C and a humidity of about 95%. 20-30 days after the start of cultivation, the room temperature should be reduced to +12-18°C.

Ventilation and humidification – prerequisites for growing oyster mushrooms. To do this, you can place buckets of water in the room and install a fan. Lighting for 12 hours a day can be provided by lamps daylight. After collecting two harvests of oyster mushrooms from one bag, the substrate must be replaced. The yield rate from 10 kg of substrate is 3 kg of mushrooms. The substrate is replaced on average 4-5 times per year. It turns out that from each square meter In your mushroom “plantation” you can collect about 80-100 kg of mushrooms.

Growing chanterelles in the country

How to grow in the country - you ask. To do this, you need a mycelium that grows into the roots near growing trees. Often this is oak or beech. Attempts to “make friends” of chanterelles with garden trees are doomed to fail. If you don't have a suitable tree, you'll have to plant one. It is best to take a young tree from the forest with ready-made mycelium in the roots. When digging a tree, grab 15-20 cm of soil and coniferous litter. Plant such a tree in partial shade and provide it with regular watering. There is no need to additionally fertilize the soil - the chanterelle mushroom will take everything it needs from the roots of the tree.

Growing boletus in the country

The most convenient way to propagate this mushroom is by transplanting the mycelium. They often grow between young pines - this is the kind of forest land you need to move to your dacha. How to grow in the country: it is important for these mushrooms that the soil is rich in lime. Lighting of the area chosen for planting should be moderate, with indirect sunlight. During dry periods, the bed with boletus should be watered abundantly. The first harvest will appear after 3-4 years.

Openki at the dacha

If you are new to questions of how to grow mushrooms in the country, start with something simple - cultivation. In the forest they grow on stumps and half-rotten logs. You just need to transfer some of this to your site. Another option is to sow mycelium on a rotten stump in the garden. Optimally, if it is a stump from beech, aspen, poplar, willow, oak or ash. The place for growing them should be shady and humid. The first harvest after planting the mycelium can be expected after 1-2 years.

Everyone likes the gifts of the forest; it’s a pity that you can taste fresh honey mushrooms and saffron milk caps only at the end of summer and autumn. Growing mushrooms in the garden and in the basement will help solve this problem. If the area of ​​the plot allows, you can create a forest corner at the dacha: plant birch, spruce, and oak trees. Transfer the mycelium under the trees, and you can pick mushrooms right on the porch of your house. The season is over, but you still want a forest delicacy? Grow champignons, oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms in the basement or greenhouse, and they will be on the table all year round.

At the dacha, mushrooms are always at hand

Avid mushroom pickers do not understand what is the interest in growing boletus and boletus mushrooms in your own garden plot. A trip to the forest brings enormous pleasure: a walk in the fresh air, communication with nature. Mushroom picking can be compared to exciting game: you need to guess where the most delicious species are hiding. You can’t predict in advance whether you’ll be able to return home with a full basket or whether you’ll have to bashfully show your family a few crumpled russulas. There is no need to give up hiking through a dense forest or a cheerful birch grove, only now you can go there not out of necessity to provide food for your family, but for your own pleasure.

What other benefits does growing mushrooms in the country provide? You can be confident in the quality of the products. Many small companies prefer not to spend money on waste disposal, but to slowly throw it into the nearest forest. Delicious boletuses can grow where a whole tank of toxic chemicals was recently poured out or even a decommissioned X-ray emitter was buried. Mushrooms absorb all harmful substances, and you can bring a whole basket of dangerous poison from the forest.

Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or on a plot provides many benefits.

• No one but you will reap the harvest; you can calmly wait until the mushrooms reach the desired size.
• You will always have exactly the type you need at hand.
• If you need mushrooms urgently, finding them will not take much time.
• Can be used for growing warm room and harvest in any season.

First experience

It is advisable to start with the simplest and most unpretentious mushrooms, so that the first unsuccessful experience does not discourage you from doing this exciting activity. It’s better to start with oyster mushrooms; you can grow them both in the summer in the garden and in the winter in a greenhouse, or find something else suitable premises. It is better to purchase mycelium from reliable suppliers. In the forest, you can take the wrong kind of mycelium or bring home an infected substrate.

Under natural conditions, oyster mushrooms grow on rotting wood: fallen trees, branches, stumps. Their favorite species are birch and poplar. Prepare logs 30 cm long and 15 cm wide, keep the logs in water for 2 days, and then make holes or cuts 10 cm deep in them. Place wet mycelium in the slots. Planting material It should not dry out, otherwise it will not take root.

Place the logs on moist soil. Cover the lower part with earth or cover it with moss. Make sure the wood is constantly moistened. Mushroom cultivation will continue for several years until the chock turns into rotting dust. In this way, you can harvest oyster mushrooms all year round in a greenhouse.

Planting mushrooms in the country

The most convenient time for planting mushrooms is the end of summer. For the mycelium to take root well, at least 1.5 months must pass before frost. There are several ways to plant mushrooms on your site.

To prepare planting material you can:

• buy mycelium;
• dig a mycelium in the forest;
• transfer a piece of rotting wood permeated with mycelium to the site;
• sow the seeds.

The easiest way is to purchase mycelium. Along with the mycelium you will receive instructions for planting and care. In this case, there is a guarantee that it will be oyster mushrooms or champignons that will be planted, and not toadstools. Do not take planting material from random sellers, so as not to bring it onto the site. basement various infections. Buy mycelium from companies that specialize in mushroom cultivation.

The second simple method is to dig up a mycelium in a place where mushrooms of the type you have chosen grow. It must be taken into account that each species loves its own tree. If you took mycelium from a birch grove, that means you need to plant it under a birch tree; If you dug it up in a pine forest, take it under the tree. If mushrooms are covering a rotting stump or fallen trunk, you can cut off a piece of the tree and place it in your garden plot or greenhouse. Please note that when transferring forest mycelium, you can plant toadstools and fly agarics in your dacha along with edible mushrooms, or introduce spores of microorganisms dangerous to plants.

Propagation of mushrooms by seeds

The technology for growing mushrooms from spores has several options. The advantage of this method is that you will know exactly what species will grow on the site. Depending on the conditions, you can use:

• dried caps;
• fresh hats;
• water solution.

For the first method, collect old mushrooms from the forest and dry their caps. Do not place them in an oven or other hot place where high temperature the spores will die. Crush the raw material into powder and sprinkle it on the prepared moistened substrate in the garden or greenhouse. Cover the top with rotted hay. You don’t have to dry it, but immediately lay out the caps of fresh mushrooms, broken into pieces, on the spot. After a few days, remove the scattered fragments.

To grow porcini mushrooms, it is better to use the third method. This species is very capricious; you need the same trees to grow on the site as in the forest where you collected planting material. Coniferous trees and soil strewn with fallen needles are best suited. Collect old mushrooms, the pulp of which has already acquired green tint. Use the material no later than 10 hours after collection. You cannot freeze the caps for long-term storage: the seeds will not germinate.

Take a bucket of river water, add a little potassium permanganate and 2 tbsp. spoons of granulated sugar. Place the caps into the solution and mash them with your hands to form a homogeneous paste. Remove the top layer of soil around the tree and water the area with the substrate that has been left for about an hour. Cover with the removed soil and water the tree trunk well. Pour over the wood from all sides, use about 5 buckets of water.

If the soil is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, it can be disinfected before planting. Use one of the following recipes.

1. Pour 100 g into 1 liter of boiling water. When the solution has infused and cooled, pour the soil.
2. Take 30 g of oak bark and boil it in 1 liter of water for 1 hour. From time to time, add the evaporated volume of liquid.

When watering, add EM preparations to the water. They promote the rapid decomposition of plant residues and create a favorable environment for the growth of fungi.

Planting mycelium

Mushrooms grow in moist environments, among rotting leaves and twigs. In the garden plot you need to create similar conditions for them. Choose the most shady place where the sun's rays do not reach. Place a layer of straw or sawdust on the ground and water well. When the substrate has compacted, place the mycelium on it and cover it with moist, rotted hay. If the weather is dry, the plantings need to be moistened. Do not water the area, but only spray it with water from a hose through a sprayer.

You can plant mushrooms on rotting logs and stumps. Drill holes in them and place the mycelium inside. Make sure that the wood is always damp; if the weather is dry, spray the stump with water. To grow mushrooms this way, you need to have a good understanding of tree species. If you collected mycelium from an aspen tree, then the log in which you place it should be aspen. The advantage of this method is that for the winter you can take the chock off the street and put it in a basement or greenhouse and harvest in any season.

There are very capricious mushrooms, for example boletus, which have difficulty taking root in a new place. If you are not afraid to wait several years for the harvest, find a clearing where your chosen species grows. Dig up several young trees with a large ball of soil to capture some of the mycelium. Plant trees in your summer cottage, and in a few years you can harvest.

Growing mushrooms in winter

If you want to harvest all year round, choose a warm room for mushrooms. On an industrial scale, special equipment for growing mushrooms is used for this purpose; you can adapt a container. Place a box in a heated greenhouse, fill it with compost and plant the mycelium.

To grow any species, the following conditions are required:

• humidity not lower than 85%;
• temperature is about +27⁰ while the mycelium takes root, and +16⁰ for mushroom growth;
• ventilation;
• lack of direct sunlight;
• soft water for irrigation.

If the room is dry, periodically spray all structures with water. Small, damp sawdust and open containers of water help maintain humidity well. At the same time, do not forget that mushrooms need fresh air; ventilate the greenhouse daily.

Of great importance right choice substrate. To get a rich harvest in a greenhouse, you need to give the plants adequate nutrition. Mushrooms are very picky; each species prefers its own composition.

• Champignons grow well in a mixture of horse manure and grass or straw.
• Oyster mushrooms will like chopped hay, sawdust, buckwheat hulls, or a mixture of these components.
• For porcini mushrooms, you need to take soil with fallen leaves and twigs from under the tree where you took the mycelium. Add manure and sawdust and let it sit for a week.

Conclusion

Growing mushrooms in a summer cottage is a very interesting activity. If space allows, plant several fir trees, birches, oaks and create a mushroom meadow there, which can also serve as a place for picnics. It is better to purchase planting material from specialized centers. You can dig up mycelium in the forest, but there is a danger that poisonous mushrooms will begin to grow in your dacha.

If you want to enjoy oyster mushrooms, champignons or porcini mushrooms at any time of the year, organize a plantation in a greenhouse or basement. The container can be placed in any warm room if the plantings are protected from bright light. If you create plants the right conditions, your garden will work smoothly. Soups, roasts and stews made from fresh mushrooms are not a fairy tale in any season; with a little effort, you will have this product in abundance both in summer and winter.