If you are planning to carry out a major renovation of your apartment, you need to change the wiring. In houses that were built a long time ago, the wiring is not designed to modern use. During the construction of old structures, specialists could not even think that, in addition to the main electrical appliances, which were used at that time, people will use many other technologies. It turns out that throughput old wiring less than the power of all electrical appliances that is consumed. In addition, the service life of the wiring is about 30 years. But if you want to ensure uninterrupted voltage and extend the life of electrical appliances, you should not wait until the wiring is 30 years old. You can replace the electrical wiring yourself.

Choosing the right cable

Most people, when starting to draw up a diagram and work plan, are faced with the problem of what type of wires to choose. Wires are divided into several types. Basic:

• aluminum
• copper

Of course, it is best to buy copper ones. They are durable and reliable, and also have a longer service life. All specialists in the construction of both panel and other houses use only copper wires. When sockets or switches are connected, the core of aluminum cables is easy to break, with copper multi-core cable such an unpleasant situation is impossible. In addition, copper cable has good throughput.

Installation diagram of sockets and switches

Before laying electrical wiring, you need to carefully work on the location of sockets and switches in the house. It is with the help of the diagram that the wiring in the apartment will be carried out. For example, if you know in advance where you will put the computer, you can run a separate cable there, which will allow you to power all computer devices that have increased power consumption. The same applies to other powerful equipment.

How to distribute the number of sockets:

• living room. In the living room, it is recommended to install 5 sockets with a common frame (or whatever is convenient for you) for connecting video and audio equipment, two sockets near the sofa and one socket each where you need additional power sources
• bedroom. The sockets here should be about sleeping place, desktop, if available. The rest are optional
• corridor. A double socket will suffice here
• bathroom. The number of sockets depends on what electrical appliances you will use here. On average, one or two sockets are enough
• kitchen. It is worth installing three to five sockets near the cutting table. Place the rest as needed.

According to standard regulations, sockets in the house should be located at a distance 30 cm from the floor, and the switches are on 85 cm.

Removing old wiring

So, after you have drawn up a diagram of the placement of all sockets and switches in the apartment, you can begin to dismantle the old wiring. This process can be done with your own hands. It depends on how the old wiring was installed. Before doing all the work yourself, you need to disconnect the wiring from the meter in the apartment. If the electrical wiring was placed in channels, then dismantling the old wiring and installing new wiring is carried out in parallel. You need to wind a new one to one side of the old cable, then you need to get the other end of the old wiring. That is, you won’t need to hammer into walls and create unnecessary problems. But if the new wiring diagram of the house does not correspond to the old wiring, then grooves will need to be made in the walls.

When, When electrical wiring is embedded in the wall, the first thing you need to do is find out in which part of the house it is laid. You can find it by noticing grooves embedded in the walls, or by using special device. You can also study the house diagram. Once you have determined its location according to the diagram, you can change the electrical wiring.

Correctly changing the electrical wiring at home with your own hands

To avoid unexpected trips to the store when laying a new cable, you need to stock up on all the tools and materials in advance. So, to replace the electrical wiring you need:

• hammer drill
• Bulgarian
• soldering iron
• building level
• led screwdriver
• spatula, putty, electrical tape
• cord, screwdrivers, side cutters, flashlight
• new wires

When we have everything necessary to replace the electrical wiring in the apartment, we begin the process itself. We make markings on the wall in the place where the new electrical wiring will be laid. Then, using a hammer drill and a grinder, you need to make grooves - perfect option for walls panel house. It is best to lay the wiring in corrugation; this will not only increase the level of safety, but will also facilitate the process of replacing electrical wiring in the future. After the grooves have been made, you need to lay a cable from the meter to the distribution boxes. We place the cable in the corrugation and place them in the grooves. From the distribution boxes we lay the cable to the socket, switches and lighting fixtures. IN in this case, you should look carefully at the diagram. Then we connect the cable branches with the main one in distribution boxes. This must be done with a special terminal block, which will ensure high quality and safety. When all the work in the distribution boxes is completed, you need to start connecting the power supply to the apartment.

Completion of wiring replacement work

The final stage of replacing the wiring is connecting the apartment's wiring to the meter. In this case, if you do not have basic knowledge in this area, you should not do the work yourself; it is better to call an electrician. Old counter and the machines need to be replaced. When all the work is completed, we connect the apartment wiring to the machine and turn on the machines. If the machine is not knocked out, it means that you were able to change the wiring in the apartment with your own hands without incident. All that remains is to check the sockets and switches to see if they work.

As you can see, changing the wiring yourself is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Often people, when they read the entire work procedure, get scared and call specialists. Replacing the wiring yourself will cost several times less than with the help of specialists. But if you are not confident in your abilities, it is better not to take risks.

Repairs always bring big losses, but if you do some of its stages yourself, you can slightly reduce costs. For example, a tangible benefit would be replacing electrical wiring with your own hands - in a private house or apartment (in panel house, Khrushchev). This operation has its own characteristics. We will tell you everything in the article.

Why and when do you need to replace the electrical wiring in your apartment?

There are many reasons for replacing electrical wires, one of them is simple aging. After all, they, like everyone else, building materials, has its own expiration date. You should not entertain the illusion that twenty-year-old wires, their sheath, as well as other structural elements are still in the same excellent condition as before.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the sharp increase in the number of electrical appliances in the house, and some of them can be quite powerful, so that the old wiring simply cannot cope with such a load. Someone can "decide" this problem, replacing the machines, however, remember that if the value of their rated current exceeds the maximum permissible, then an overload may even cause a fire, and this poses an immediate danger to life. Well, the last reason why you can replace the wiring is if it is damaged during repair work.

Of course, it’s better not to bring it to a critical state, but let’s look at what signs indicate that you can no longer delay the replacement. So, as mentioned above, the number of electrical appliances in our everyday life has increased significantly, and some of them are very powerful - just look at a heater or an electric kettle. If the load is very heavy, this can lead to the machines turning off. This should prompt you to make a replacement. Of course, you can regulate it, for example, try not to turn on several devices at the same time, but this is quite inconvenient.

More serious prerequisites are sparking sockets and bad smell melted plastic or rubber. This also indicates an excessively large load, which should be reduced immediately, otherwise a fire and a large fire may occur. If the wires that connect to sockets, circuit breakers and switches are characterized by increased fragility, then this is also a very alarming sign. Well, the lead belongs to a leak from the electrical network, in which case the floor and walls will receive electric shock. All this should prompt you to immediately replace the wiring.

How to choose materials?

But before getting down to the question of how to change the electrical wiring in an apartment, you should figure out how to correctly calculate and select materials. After all, this is what determines how long and how well the new network will last. First of all, you should calculate the cross-section of the wires. First, we summarize the power of all electrical appliances in the house, and do not forget to take into account the lighting. Then we add another 5% to this value and divide the result by 220 and, as a rule, we get a figure of about 15 A. In this case, a copper wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm 2 will be quite sufficient. For current 19 A would be better suited cross section is 2 squares, and for 21 A - 2.5, etc.

When choosing between aluminum and copper cables, it is necessary to give preference to the latter, since their shelf life is significantly longer. In addition, aluminum has lower electrical conductivity, it is prone to oxidation and crumbles at kinks. Also, do not forget to pay attention to the quality of the products, otherwise their performance will not correspond to the stated ones, which will play a cruel joke. So, no matter what exactly prompted you to replace the electrical network - the unsatisfactory condition of the old wires, repairs, heavy load or any other reasons - you need to understand the intricacies of the process.

How to change the wiring in an apartment without the help of an electrician?

It should be borne in mind that local replacement will not lead to anything good, but will only aggravate the situation. So get ready to carry out work throughout the entire house at once.

How to change the wiring in an apartment with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: De-energize

Despite the fact that this stage is one of the simplest, it can also be considered the most important - after all, the slightest flaw can lead to defeat electric shock. So the main condition is a completely de-energized object - for this it is necessary to sequentially turn off all the machines. Just in case, check with a tester or test lamp to see if there is voltage in the sockets.

Step 2: Dismantling

After checking, you can proceed directly to dismantling all wires and connection points. First, we remove all sockets and their boxes, especially if the latter are made of plastic. In principle, since you are dealing with located in concrete walls, which is often typical for Khrushchev buildings, then in this case there is no need to remove all the wires (of course, if you don’t want to put new ones in the old grooves), just bite them off and insulate the ends.

Lighting cables can often be pulled out carefully without poking at walls and ceilings by finding their ends in the junction box and pulling them.

Step 3: Making a plan

Compose detailed plan location of the new network and enter all the dimensions into it, for example, at what height from the ceiling or floor, walls and door openings the wires will lie. This will help you in the future, because everything is forgotten very quickly, and therefore sometimes even a simple nail driven into the wall will damage the cables immured in it, which will not only result in problems associated with replacing the damaged element, but can also cause harm to health. Of course, the layout plan may remain the same, but then check all the dimensions.

Step 4: Surface Preparation

We thoroughly clean the old furrows from dirt and dust. If it is necessary to make new grooves, and this often happens, then we draw on the wall in in the right place two parallel lines at a distance of 2 centimeters from each other, which will be their edges. Then we go through them with a grinder (cut depth is about 4 cm) and gouge out the middle with a hammer and chisel. Places for sockets, distribution boxes and switches are cut out with a hammer drill with a special attachment. If, by dismantling the previous sockets and switches, you have gouged the wall too much, then you need to plaster the excess space.

Step 5: Direct installation

We install all the boxes first, fixing them in their seats with mortar or alabaster. Next, we route the wires from the panel to the distribution boxes, and then from the latter to each specific connection point. They are placed in pre-prepared grooves and secured there in a similar way. If the old wires are from lighting fixtures you can easily tighten it, as described in the second step, then by attaching a new cable to one of their ends, it is quite possible to replace it without gating.

Step 6: Testing and Plastering

In principle, we have already figured out how to replace it, only a little remains - strobing plaster. But first you should test the resulting network. This is done quite easily - using an indicator screwdriver or a special tester. When you are convinced of the serviceability of your work, wall it up in the walls, and the work is finished.

There is no point in delaying the repair of such a plan, since if there are already visible signs of problems, then the situation is no longer safe. Most structures still use aluminum wires, which were installed in the 80-90s, but are now prohibited for use in residential premises. They have a short shelf life and with constant use they become brittle, break through to ground, and cause short circuits.

Therefore, by delaying the time before repairs, you significantly reduce fire safety your premises, you risk being electrocuted, or endangering all household appliances that are in the house or apartment. Let's take a closer look at when it's time to “dry your oars” and take up a hammer and chisel:

1. Sockets spark when turned on different types electrical appliances. The load on the network is too high, and the contacts are already burnt out. To prevent voltage surges, you need to change sockets, as well as the wires that go to them.
2. “It smells like it’s fried.” If you smell melted plastic or rubber when you turn on several electrical appliances, you must immediately reduce the load. Replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment should be carried out as quickly as possible, otherwise there is a risk of the braid igniting.
3. Increased fragility of aluminum cable. If you take a socket, a machine, and all the wires that go to it break off like dried branches, you should immediately replace them with copper ones, which have an unlimited service life and increased conductivity.
4. Power is lost. Have you inserted the plug into the socket, but there is no light? Don’t be sad, just a few days with a hammer, chisel, grinder - everything will return to its place, at the same time “refresh” the repair.
5. The walls, floor, ceiling are electrifying - the first sign that there is a leak from the electrical network; for your safety, you need to eliminate it as quickly as possible by replacing it.

Replacing electrical wiring is not as scary as it is made out to be. In fact, it will only take you one day, the only big inconvenience that will be is that you will have to seriously spoil the renovation of the house, since most of the strobes are installed in the wall vertically above the socket upwards, then parallel to the ceiling towards the switch.

We remove old electrical wiring “without noise and dust”

The first and most important rule of a novice electrician is to turn off the power to the apartment. Never carry out work with the package switch on, as there is a risk of electric shock, and in places where you would not even expect it. In each apartment or house, cables are laid in different places, and even when working with a grinder or a chisel (knocking down plaster, making grooves), you can run into a powered cable. The result can be imagined.

A batch switch, as a rule, is located at the entrance to the apartment; it can be for one room, or for several at once, depending on the layout. Sometimes you have to cut off power to your neighbors, so you need to coordinate your actions and choose the most appropriate time.

Next, we work quickly and confidently: we use a pry bar to pry out old switches and sockets, after which we take the wire that fits them and pull it tightly. You will see the general direction where he is going - hammer the wall straight at him. As a rule, the network is located immediately under the plaster, so it can be plucked out with a regular screwdriver, even without the dreaded hammer drill, the operation of which can be heard 10 floors later.

We are looking for a junction box. Professional and sober electricians install them, as a rule, right under the ceiling in a corner, so that it is easier to replace the wire later. If the installation was carried out in a “bugger” manner, then you will have to look for a distributor for a long time; it is better to follow the wire from the outlet to the box itself. Sometimes there may not be any; 1 distributor is installed per room, for example, in log houses, but this is rare.

We cut off the input cable and insulate each core. If you need to change it too, pull it out, install copper, and to be sure, insulate each core. After this, we remove all the “layers”, if it is impossible to pull them out or pick them out (depending on the layout), again we cut off and reliably insulate the cores.

Replacing the wiring in the apartment with a new one and a detailed description of the process

The main thing is calm. No one is pushing you (and even if they are, don’t pay attention), you need to do it carefully, efficiently, so that in a year or two you don’t have to destroy repairs that cost money again. The whole process can be divided into several stages.

1. Working with cutting tools. Depending on the available financial resources, you can chisel a wall with the following tools: a hammer and chisel, a grinder with a special disk for stone, a drill with a special attachment, a wall chaser. The most suitable option in terms of price and quality is an angle grinder. You need to draw on the wall the place where the cable will lie, then cut 2 parallel strips to a depth of 3-4 centimeters, pick out the middle with a chisel.
2. Installation of distribution boxes, sockets, switches. Make recesses of appropriate sizes in the wall, then install the above devices. It is necessary to think in advance about the geometry of the room, the number of switches, sockets, and their location. As a rule, they rise to a height of 120 centimeters. All space that will be superfluous around the socket or switches should be plastered.
3. General network check. Everywhere we check the contacts by connecting any device or simply going through it with an indicator screwdriver. We will use a tester to check the possibility of short circuits, turning on the network, wearing protective gloves and connecting the device to each wiring to “ring” the line. Once everything works, you can complete the installation.
4. Plaster the walls where you made the grooves. You need to level everything to zero, and do it beautifully, so that after finishing with plaster or gluing wallpaper, the characteristic stripe will not be visible.

Important: always make vertical grooves that will go right next to the wall, since you can damage the wiring after a while when you hang a picture on the wall, for example, or run an Internet cable.

Before you begin the work, you need to know a few rules and follow the recommendations of experienced electricians who have been installing networks for many years. Let's consider the basic advice of experienced craftsmen.

1. Never install new wiring unless you have accurately measured the distance to outlets and appliances. The distance to the grooves and after cutting them can vary greatly; purchased cables may not be enough just a few centimeters.
2. Never make a cable from two or more pieces. As a rule, such connections do not last long; they will heat up, spark, and oxidize.
3. Use a cross-section that is 15-20% larger than the total power of all electrical appliances, this will increase the service life of the electrical wiring and also protect against overheating. In order to calculate correctly maximum power, you need to add the energy consumption of all electrical appliances that can theoretically work, and then divide by 220. This will be the number of squares of cable.
4. Waterproof areas high humidity, for example, in the bathroom, kitchen, toilet, since over time the wire can pierce the wall, it will be unpleasant to “pinch” or even cause an electric shock.

Remember, haste is only needed when catching fleas, but when styling new electrical wiring requires consistency of action, attention and precise measurements. If everything is done according to the recommendations, the repair will bring you only positive impressions.

Replacing electrical wiring is one of the very first and most important stages overhaul apartments.

Sometimes it is the need to replace outdated wiring that becomes the main argument in favor of radical changes in the appearance of the living space.

In this article we will look in detail at how to replace electrical wiring in an apartment with your own hands.

In houses and old apartments built more than 20 years ago, where old-style wiring that is morally and physically obsolete is still preserved, it is necessary to replace the electrical wiring. In the last century, to organize internal electrical networks aluminum wires were used.

Aluminum is highly susceptible to corrosion; in addition, during operation, the structure of the metal undergoes irreversible changes, the network becomes very fragile. Deterioration of insulation increases the risk of fires due to short circuits.

Among typical problems old wiring should be mentioned:

• Solidly grounded neutrals instead of the currently accepted protective grounding;
• Wiring by branching method;
• Absence automatic devices protective shutdown;
• Too few sockets.

In addition, the load on internal power grids over the past 15-20 years has increased significantly compared to design values. Combined with the technical imperfections of older networks, this is serious threat accidents with possible fire.

• the house was built more than 20 years ago,
• sockets spark in the apartment,
• sockets fail
• When you turn on electrical appliances, you smell the smell of burning insulation,
• wires break easily
• current leaks through the walls,

then the wiring needs to be changed urgently. And the more signs of wear and tear, the less time you have to think about it..

How to competently replace old electrical wiring in an apartment with your own hands, see further in the video review:

Sequencing

Let's try to figure out in detail how to properly replace the wiring in an apartment with your own hands. Step-by-step do-it-yourself replacement of electrical wiring in an apartment:

• internal circuits.
• Drawing up a wiring plan.
• Approval and registration of the plan and diagram with the energy inspectorate.
• Temporary structure.
• Wiring installation.
• Installation of protective mechanisms and connection points.

First of all, you need to draw up a connection diagram. You can take standard single-line power supply circuits as a basis.

Then you need to turn off the power and route the wires across the terminal blocks. Afterwards, it is necessary to carry out another check for short circuits with the circuit breakers turned off and then with the circuit breakers turned on, after which you can connect the main circuit breaker.

Safety regulations

All work is performed with tools with insulated handles and wearing rubberized gloves.. To groove walls at height, it is best to use a sawhorse or a stepladder with a horizontal stop. An ordinary stepladder is not reliable enough.

Replacing electrical wiring with your own hands is a rather complicated task, but doable, if you know how to draw up and read electrical diagrams. Otherwise, it’s better not to take risks and contact professional electricians.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video review on how to choose the right material and do the wiring yourself:

Most often, the thought of changing the wiring in an apartment arises when planning a major renovation. Moreover, replacing wiring is one of the most complex and expensive jobs. The features of replacing wiring and the difficulties that lie in wait along this path will be discussed in the article.

Purposes of electrical wiring replacement

Replacing old wiring in an apartment or house is based on three circumstances:

1. Removing aluminum wires and installing copper ones. Aluminum wires were widely used several decades ago due to the low cost and environmental safety of the material. However, later it became clear that aluminum is not best material for wires, because over time, under the influence of loads, it loses its qualities, becoming fragile. In addition, aluminum wires are destroyed due to electrocorrosion, soldering of this metal is difficult, and aluminum strands quickly weaken.
2. Changing the electrical power supply circuit (from solidly grounded neutral to protective grounding).
3. Refusal from a scheme that involves branching wires in favor of creating groups with dedicated branches. Old scheme branching wires has been a forced decision since early Soviet times, when there was a shortage of non-ferrous metals when it was necessary to quickly electrify the country. In the 90s of the last century, a new standard for electrical supply was adopted - TN-C-S, which ensures greater consumer safety.

Electrical wiring installation steps

Replacement of electrical wiring in an apartment is carried out in several stages:

1. Creation of an electrical supply diagram.
2. Development of a wiring plan and its approval.
3. Arrangement of a temporary repair shed.
4. Wiring.
5. Installation of elements (automatic machines, switches, residual current devices) and stationary electrical devices.

The figure above shows a single-line electrical supply diagram, where kWA is the electricity meter. Slashes crossing out the wires indicate the phase (L) and zero (N) wires located nearby. The protective conductor (PE) is not crossed out, as it is routed separately. If we are talking about a three-phase system, then there will be three dashes on the diagram.

Note! Drawing up a diagram requires qualifications: it is not easy to do this work on your own, so it is better to entrust the plan to a specialist.

Power planning

When laying electrical wires, it is necessary to proceed from the power consumption. For cottage villages, the consumption limit is usually from 10 to 20 kW per house, but for housing in apartment building such numbers are unrealistic. With such power, it is impossible to avoid constant knockouts of the machine or even failure of the house wiring, since the maximum limit for a residential unit rarely exceeds 2 kW.

However, it should be taken into account that total power electrical appliances in a home can significantly exceed actual current consumption. This is due to the fact that at the same time all Appliances almost never works.

For an apartment measuring 50 - 100 square meters should be based on the following data:

1. Main circuit breaker for 25-32A. The recommended safety factor is 1.3 – 1.5.
2. Residual current device - 50A.
3. The kitchen requires two branches of wires (cross-section - 4 square millimeters for each). For both branches, a 25-amp circuit breaker and a 30-amp RCD are used. The bathroom is powered by wires coming from the kitchen.
4. Air conditioning: a branch of wires with a cross-section of 2.5 square millimeters, automatic - 16A, RCD - 20A.
5. Socket circuits and lighting circuits: one for each room (except the bathroom and toilet). The wire cross-section is 2.5 square millimeters. There is no need for an RCD, since a general apartment device is used.

Circuit drawing

As a base, you can take the wiring diagram shown in the figure above. Its upper part can be left unchanged, but the numbers need to be changed in accordance with specific tasks. The model of the residual current device is not important - you can install any one. Designations can be found in reference books (appendix to the PUE) and GOST (in this case we are talking about GOST 2.755-87).

Note! When creating a drawing, you should observe the dimensions of the symbols of the elements, since their scaling is unacceptable.

Preparing a plan

The picture above shows the electrical wiring layout.

Explanations for the plan:

1. In all rooms, at least a couple of wire branches (lighting and sockets) must be routed from the electric meter.
2. Since in standard apartment one bathroom, there is no need for an additional potential equalization system. This branch of wires is indicated by a dotted line.
3. In the bathroom you only need to specify a waterproof ceiling light and a boiler.
4. Wire branches to connection points and stationary electrical appliances must be determined. Stationary means devices that are rigidly mounted into supporting structures or powered through permanent connections.
5. You should not overload the circuit with trifles such as LED ceiling lighting.
6. Branches of wires going to a balcony or loggia are not allowed - this is against the regulations of the PUE.

1. We take a residential plan from the DEZ or BTI.
2. We scan the received plan.
3. In Photoshop, we remove the old symbols of electrical wiring, stationary devices and connection points. After this, we apply new designations based on the compiled wiring diagram.
4. We print the resulting diagram.

Electrical equipment of premises

In order to correctly draw up an electrical power plan, it is necessary to determine in advance the number of connection points and the composition of stationary equipment located in the house.

Bathroom

Characteristic for the bathroom high humidity air and a splashed floor, which makes it necessary to take special electrical safety measures. In addition, steamed in hot water the body's resistance to electricity is radically reduced: the circuit current in this case can exceed 5A, which is deadly. The severity of electric shock depends on the time of contact and an RCD will not help in this case.

At the same time, the bathroom contains powerful consumers of electricity, including washing machine And water heating tank. The operating rules for electrical installations allow the installation of sockets in the bathroom using an isolating transformer or RCD, however, to ensure complete safety, it is recommended to take the following steps:

1. Electrical wires from the water heater and fan must be replaced with longer ones. The length of the cords should be sufficient for them to pass through the hole in the wall and reach the sockets in the adjacent room (most often the kitchen). The boiler does not come with a cord, and in the case of a fan, re-equipping the device only risks losing the warranty, which is of little importance due to its low cost. The wires must contain three cores and a protective conductor.
2. Buy an extension cord without a cord, but with a grounding switch for three sockets. The extension cord is equipped with a three-core cord.
3. Wires from electrical household appliances are supplied with European standard plugs. The cords are placed in a polyvinyl chloride casing.
4. The water heater plug is permanently connected to the outlet.
5. The extension cord is fixed in the bathroom with self-tapping screws.
6. The washing machine is connected via an extension cord on a permanent basis. The remaining sockets can be used for local lighting, hair dryers and other small household appliances.
7. The extension cord in the next room is switched on as needed.

So, with these simple steps you can avoid the presence of exposed wire ends in the bathroom, which will significantly increase the safety of residents.

Toilet

Like the bathroom, the toilet only needs a branch of lighting wires to the lighting fixture. Bathroom and toilet lamps can be connected in series to a single branch. In this case, there will be no claims from electricians.

Kitchen

Based on the above, the kitchen needs a couple of wire branches: from the bathroom and your own. Wire cross-section - 4 millimeters. You will need a circuit breaker. For your own branch of wires in the kitchen you need not one, but two triple sockets. They can be connected Dishwasher, oven, shallow kitchen appliances, lighting.

The extension cord coming from the bathroom is plugged into a separate outlet. The refrigerator operates through an additional group socket, which is installed on the opposite wall. It is recommended to install the sockets of the main group and the bathroom behind kitchen furniture- just below the countertop, but as far away from the sink as possible.

Hallway and corridor

Here you will need a couple of wire branches: for the socket and for the lighting fixtures. A long corridor requires at least two lighting points. The closest point to the outlet can be made in the form of a sconce and power can be supplied from it. The distant point will be ceiling lamp feeding from a branch.

Children's room

Regulations on children's premises require that sockets be located at a height of at least 180 centimeters from the floor. This requirement applies only to specialized children's institutions, therefore in private housing this norm is advisory in nature. If desired, the socket can be equipped with a protective disk or other similar device.

Living spaces

For living rooms, the 2N+1 scheme is used, where N indicates the number of rooms. As an example, consider a two-room apartment:

1. Living room - 1 branch of wires for the main group of sockets, 1 - additional, 1 - for lighting devices.
2. Bedroom - 1 main branch of wires, the other - lighting. The additional group is connected to the additional living room group.
3. An additional kitchen group can be connected to an additional bedroom group.

In a 2-3-room house, 10-15 branches of wires can be used, including for the air conditioner. The branch of wires for the air conditioner ends with a socket, despite its stationary nature.

Height of sockets

The ideal height for the location of sockets is 25 – 40 centimeters from the floor. In this case, it is convenient to turn them on, they do not spoil the interior and do not interfere with the installation of furniture.

The socket for the air conditioner should be located higher, since the equipment is located under the ceiling, and the cord should not damage appearance walls.

Note! Excessive number of outlets reduces wiring reliability.

Tools and materials

To replace the wiring, you need the following tools:

• a hammer drill equipped with a concrete drill, a core drill, a chisel and a set of drills;
• grinder with a stone circle;
• soldering iron;
• indicator with phase indicator;
• multimeter;
• pliers;
• screwdrivers;
• flashlight;
• level and cord;
• putty knife;
• electric portable lamp.

You will need a certain set of materials:

1. Terminal blocks. This option for replacing wiring in an apartment does not involve any twisting or soldering. The electrical wiring is resistant to getting wet. Wire connections are made in the input panel at the terminal blocks and final points. Terminal blocks can be purchased section by section - 5 pairs with 10 contacts. 3 – 5 sections are required.
2. Socket boxes. The boxes must contain projections so that they can be secured with alabaster.
3. Cable. The best option- Russian brands VVG or PUNP. These cables can even be used in wet concrete. Both types of cable are single-core, which allows you to save money when laying them.
4. Channels for wires. Old pipes must be removed and metal corrugation used instead.
5. Input panel. It is selected based on the need to place 4 circuit breakers, 4 residual current devices and 4 terminal blocks.
6. Insulating tape.
7. Conductive paste.
8. Alabaster.

Instructions for replacing wiring

The work is carried out in several stages.

Creating a temporary shelter

First you need to provide electricity to the working tool. We install a socket and a 16-amp circuit breaker with a wire with a cross-section of 4 square millimeters on a piece of board or plastic. In addition, you will need an extension cord.

Then we turn off the electricity in the home. To do this, remove the plugs and turn off the machine. We remove the dose and release the wires from the electric meter outside. We connect a temporary structure to the wires through a tight twist. We thoroughly insulate the joint areas with wire and fasten the temporary structure to the wall. We connect the power supply to the apartment and begin the installation.

Creation of grooves and installation of socket boxes

The channels must be straight, horizontal or vertical. We lay horizontal grooves 50 centimeters from the ceiling.

For convenience, you can use a stand (for example, a stepladder) with reliable support. First, we use a grinder for slitting, and then a chisel (for deeper penetration). We make niches for socket boxes with a crown (if we are talking about concrete - only with a chisel).

Laying wires

We cut off suitable pieces of corrugation and wire. We lay the wire in the corrugation. After this, we install the socket boxes in the niches and fix them with alabaster. Next, we install the corrugation in the grooves, and put the ends of the wires in the socket boxes. We insert the lead-in part of the corrugation into the junction box and apply conductive paste. Using a tin clamp and a screw, we create a connection to the grounding terminal block of the shield. We turn off the electricity and temporary shelter. We run the wires into the panel from the electric meter.

Wire color

For the neutral, blue or light blue is used, for the protective wire - yellow with a green stripe. Phase wires can be white, brown, red or black.

Connecting wires of only one color is allowed. It is impossible to transfer a phase to zero or a phase to a phase; switching the switch with a zero break is excluded.

Now you need to apply a layer of plaster near the socket boxes and glue wallpaper (or other decorative material).

End of work

After applying the plaster and wallpapering, you need to restore access to the socket boxes. To do this, we cut the socket boxes along the contour. After removing excess plaster, you can begin installing sockets, switches, lighting fixtures, and a water heater.

When the sockets are installed, we proceed to assembling the electrical power supply circuit on the terminal blocks of the input panel. However, we leave the input from the electric meter unconnected for now.

Note! All branches of wires are tested with the device before being sent to the terminal block. short circuit.

We temporarily connect the power supply and use the indicator to find the phase and zero on the wires coming from the electric meter.

Turn off the power supply, connect the phase and neutral wires to separate terminal blocks. We check them again for short circuits with the machines running.

Conclusion

Replacing electrical wiring in an apartment with your own hands is an extremely difficult task for a non-professional. Before starting such work, you should soberly assess your knowledge and practical skills.

If confidence is not enough, it is best to invite specialists, since unqualified replacement of wiring can cost much more, and not only in a financial sense.