Who loved chemistry laboratory work at school? It was interesting, after all, to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it didn’t always work out as described in the textbook, but no one suffered because of this, right? The main thing is that something happens, and we see it right in front of us.

If you're not a chemist in real life and don't deal with much more complex experiments every day at work, then these experiments that you can do at home will definitely amuse you, at least.

Lava lamp

For the experience you need:
— Transparent bottle or vase
— Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
— Several effervescent tablets “Suprastin”

Mix water with food coloring and add sunflower oil. There is no need to stir, and you won’t be able to. When a clear line between water and oil is visible, throw a couple of Suprastin tablets into the container. We look at the lava flows.

Since the density of oil is lower than that of water, it remains on the surface, with the effervescent tablet creating bubbles that carry water to the surface.

Elephant toothpaste

For the experience you need:
- Bottle
— Small cup
— Water
— Dish detergent or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
— Fast-acting nutritional yeast
- Food coloring

Mix liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food coloring in a bottle. In a separate cup, dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into the bottle. We look at the eruption.

Yeast produces oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and is pushed out. The soap suds create a dense mass that erupts from the bottle.

Hot Ice

For the experience you need:
— Capacity for heating
— Transparent glass cup
- Plate
– 200 g baking soda
— 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
— Crystallized salt

Mix acetic acid and baking soda in a saucepan and wait until the mixture stops sizzling. Turn on the stove and evaporate excess moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. Pour the resulting solution into a clean container and cool until room temperature. Then add a crystal of soda and watch how the water “freezes” and the container becomes hot.

Heated and mixed, vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which when melted becomes an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When salt is added to it, it begins to crystallize and generate heat.

Rainbow in milk

For the experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
— Liquid food coloring in several colors
— Cotton swab
— Detergent

Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Soak a cotton swab in detergent and place it in a plate with milk. Let's look at the rainbow.

The liquid part contains a suspension of fat droplets, which, in contact with the detergent, split and rush from the inserted stick in all directions. A regular circle is formed due to surface tension.

Smoke without fire

For the experience you need:
— Hydroperite
— Analgin
— Mortar and pestle (can be replaced with a ceramic cup and spoon)

It is better to do the experiment in a well-ventilated area.
Grind the hydroperite tablets to powder, do the same with analgin. Mix the resulting powders, wait a little, see what happens.

During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the elimination of methylamine, which interacts with hydrogen sulfide, the suspension of its small crystals resembling smoke.

Pharaoh snake

For the experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
— Matches or lighter

Place several tablets of calcium gluconate on dry fuel and set it on fire. We look at the snakes.

Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.

Non-Newtonian fluid

For the experience you need:

— Mixing bowl
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml water

Gradually add water to the starch and stir. Try to make the mixture homogeneous. Now try to roll a ball from the resulting mass and hold it.

The so-called non-Newtonian fluid behaves like a solid when interacting quickly, and like a liquid when interacting slowly.

Pour water into the glass, making sure to reach the very edge. Cover with a sheet of thick paper and, holding it gently, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do all this over the basin or in the bathtub. Now remove your palm... Focus! still remains in the glass!

It's a matter of atmospheric air pressure. The air pressure on the paper from the outside is greater than the pressure on it from the inside of the glass and, accordingly, does not allow the paper to release water from the container.

Rene Descartes' experiment or pipette diver

This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. It is attributed to the French scientist René Descartes.

You will need plastic bottle with stopper, pipette and water. Fill the bottle, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take a pipette, fill it with some water and drop it into the neck of the bottle. Its upper rubber end should be at or slightly above the level in the bottle. In this case, you need to ensure that with a slight push with your finger the pipette sinks, and then slowly floats up on its own. Now close the cap and squeeze the sides of the bottle. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Release the pressure on the bottle and it will float again.

The fact is that we slightly compressed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure was transferred to the water. penetrated the pipette - it became heavier (since water is heavier than air) and drowned. When the pressure stopped, the compressed air inside the pipette removed the excess, our “diver” became lighter and surfaced. If at the beginning of the experiment the “diver” does not listen to you, then you need to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how, as the pressure on the walls of the bottle increases, it enters the pipette, and when the pressure is loosened, it comes out of it.

Entertaining chemical experiments will prepare children for studying chemistry at school. Most of the experiments carried out at home are not dangerous, educational, and effective. Some experiments are provided with a written description, which will help explain to the child the essence of the processes taking place and awaken interest in chemical science.

When conducting chemical experiments The following safety rules must be followed at home:

Simple experiments for little ones

Chemical experiments for young children, carried out at home, do not require any special substances.

Colored bubbles

For one such experiment you will need:

• fruit juice;
• sunflower oil;
• 2 effervescent tablets;
• decorative transparent container.

Stages of experience:

You can create bubbles with a stronger shell yourself by mixing water and dishwashing detergent in a 2:1 combination + a little granulated sugar. If you add glycerin instead of sugar, the bubbles will reach very large sizes. Adding food coloring to the soap solution will create colored glowing bubbles.

Night light

You can make a night light at home using simple substances. To do this you will need:

• tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfur heads from matches;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• bleach.

Sequencing:

1. Place sulfur in a bowl, add bleach, and leave for a while.
2. Draw the mixture into a syringe and prick the tomato from all sides.
3. To start the chemical reaction, hydrogen peroxide must be introduced. This is also done with a syringe in the place where the petiole was located.
4. Being in dark room, the tomato will emit soft light.

Carefully! You can no longer eat this tomato.

Sizzling balls

You can make your own sizzling balls for children's bathing.

During work, hands must be protected with gloves.

Sequencing:

Floating worms

For the next experiment you will need:

• 3 jelly worm candies without sugar sprinkles;
• soda;
• acetic acid;
• water;
• glass glasses.

Stages of work:

1. The first glass is half filled acetic acid.
2. Pour warm water into the second glass and dilute 60 g of soda.
3. Place candy in the solution and leave for 15 minutes.
4. Remove the candies from the soda solution and place them in a glass with the essence.
5. The surface of the sweets will immediately become covered with bubbles; they will continuously rise to the surface and fall to the bottom of the glass. This happens because soda first fills the pores of the candy, then, reacting with vinegar, it releases carbon dioxide, which lifts the candy up.
6. When they come into contact with air, the bubbles burst, the candy sinks to the bottom and again becomes covered with bubbles and rises.

Experiments for older children

Chemical experiments for children at home can be more complex and interesting.

Volcano

So, any schoolchild can simulate a volcanic eruption at home:

Colored foam

To experience creating colored foam you will need:

Sequencing:

1. The glasses are placed on a tray, half filled with soda, and dyes are added.
2. Mix vinegar with detergent and pour into glasses.
3. Colored foam will come out of each glass. You can pour the vinegar mixture into glasses several times until all the soda is released.

Malachite egg

The experiment of dyeing a chicken egg the color of malachite is lengthy, but interesting:

1. To do this, remove the contents from the egg: make 2 holes and blow it out.
2. For weight, a little plasticine is placed into an empty egg.
3. Dissolve a spoon in 0.5 liters of water copper sulfate(This can be purchased at a hardware store).
4. Dip the egg into the solution; the shell should be completely immersed in the solution.
5. After a few days, gas bubbles will appear.
6. After a week, the shell will acquire a light blue-green color.
7. After a month, the color of the shell will become rich malachite.

Fireworks

Making fireworks with your own hands:

1. Magnesium shavings are very finely ground.
2. Sulfur match heads are separated from the wood. You will need 2-3 boxes of matches. Crushed magnesium is mixed with sulfur powder.
3. Take a metal tube and seal one of the holes tightly with plaster.
4. Pour a mixture of magnesium and sulfur into the tube. The mixture should not occupy more than half of the tube.
5. The tube is wrapped several times with foil. A wick is inserted into the free hole.
6. Such fireworks can only be exploded in deserted places.

Coloring water blue

For coloring colorless liquids Blue colour needed:

• alcohol solution of iodine;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• vitamin C tablet;
• starch;
• glass glasses.

Performing the experiment step by step:

1. A vitamin C tablet is ground into powder and dissolved in 55 ml of warm water.
2. Pour 5 ml of the resulting solution into a glass, add 5 ml of iodine and 55 ml of heated water. The iodine should become discolored.
3. Separately mix 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide, 5 g of starch, 55 ml of water.
4. The iodine solution is poured back and forth into the starch solution several times.
5. The colorless liquid will turn dark blue. Iodine loses color when it reacts with vitamin C. Starch turns blue when mixed with iodine.

Simple experiments on the properties of metals

Chemical experiments for children at home can be carried out with metals.

For simple experiments you will need:

• fire;
• pieces of various metals;
• foil;
• copper sulfate;
• ammonia;
• acid.

To experiment with copper wire, a small piece of metal is twisted into a spiral and heated strongly over a fire. Then immediately lower it into a container with ammonia. The reaction will occur instantly: the metal will begin to hiss, and the black coating formed when exposed to fire will disappear. The copper wire will shine again. It is better to do the experiment several times, then the color of the ammonia will turn blue.

For the next experiment you will need solid iodine, crushed aluminum, and warm water. Iodine is mixed with aluminum in equal parts. Water is added to the mixture. The powder begins to burn, releasing purple smoke.

Another experiment will involve:

• chrome-plated paper clip;
• galvanized steel nail;
• pure steel screw;
• acetic acid;
• 3 test tubes.

Stages of experience:

1. Metal objects are placed in test tubes, filled with acid, and left for observation. In the first days, hydrogen evolution is observed.
2. On the 4th day, the acid in test tubes with coated metal objects begins to turn red. In a test tube with a steel screw, the acid becomes Orange color, a precipitate appears.
3. After 2 weeks in a test tube with a paper clip, the acid turns red, but only in the upper layers. Where the paperclip is located, the acid is colorless. After removing the paperclip, you can see that it appearance not changed.
4. The acid in a test tube with a nail is colored with a smooth transition from red to pale yellow. The nail hasn't changed.
5. In the 3rd test tube, layered coloration of the liquid and sediment are also observed. The screw turned black, the upper microlayers of the metal collapsed.

Conclusion: unprotected iron is susceptible to corrosion.

For the next experiment, you need to prepare a blue solution of copper sulfate (dissolve several crystals in water, stir). Place non-rusty nails in a test tube and fill with solution. After some time, the solution will turn green and the nails will turn copper-colored. This happened because iron displaced copper from the liquid, and the displaced copper settled on metal objects.

To conduct the “Hydrogen Glove” experiment you will need:

Sequencing:

1. The saline solution and copper sulfate solution are simultaneously poured into the flask. When mixed, a sea-green liquid is obtained.
2. Make a lump of foil and place it in the hole of the flask. Immediately, hydrogen begins to rapidly evolve.
3. Put a rubber glove on the neck, it will instantly fill with gas.
4. When the glove comes into contact with fire, it ruptures and the gas ignites. The liquid in the vessel gradually acquires a dirty gray tint.

The most spectacular chemical experiments for children

Chemical experiments for children at home are very diverse, and some are very impressive.

Colored foam

To make a large number of colored foam you need:

Bleached green

For the experiment on bleaching greenery you will need:

• brilliant green solution;
• glasses;
• bleach;
• ammonia;
• vinegar;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• pills activated carbon.

Sequencing:

1. Water is poured into 6 glasses, a drop of greenery is added to each.
2. The 1st glass is set aside for comparison, bleach is added to 2, ammonia to 3, peroxide to 4.
3. Ammonia instantly discolors the liquid.
4. Small bubbles appeared in the glass with bleach, and the solution became colorless.
5. Hydrogen peroxide will discolor the liquid gradually, over about 15 minutes.
6. Adding vinegar to the solution will make the liquid brighter.
7. After 30 min. the liquid becomes lighter.
8. Activated carbon brightens the solution.

Pharaoh snake

Conducting an experiment called “Pharaoh’s Snake” will require:

Stages of experience:

1. The sand is soaked in alcohol and formed into a cone.
2. A recess is made at the top.
3. Mix soda with sugar and pour into the well.
4. The soaked sand is set on fire.
5. The mixture will turn into black balls, soda and sugar will begin to decompose.
6. After burning the alcohol, a snake will appear, consisting of the products of burning sugar.

Pharaoh's snake made from sugar and soda:

Fire without a spark

To obtain a fire without a spark, you need potassium permanganate, glycerin and paper.

Sequencing:

1. Place approximately 1.5 g of potassium permanganate powder in the center of a sheet of paper, cover with the free edge of the sheet.
2. Apply 3 drops of glycerin to the paper in the place where the powder is located.
3. After 30 seconds, potassium permanganate will begin to hiss, smoke and produce black foam. The exothermic reaction will heat the paper and it will catch fire.

Fireworks

To make small fireworks at home, you need to choose a small fireproof dish with a long handle.

Sequencing:

1. On a paper sheet you need to pour a crushed tablet of activated carbon, the same amount of potassium permanganate and the same amount of iron filings.
2. Fold a piece of paper in half to combine the powders (powders should not be mixed with spoons or spatulas; they may ignite).
3. Carefully pour into a fireproof container and heat over the burner. After a few seconds. the heated mixture will begin to emit sparks.

Chemistry sets for children

Chemical experiments for children at home will help you carry out special sets of substances and tools.

Experiment kit “Vulcan”

Designed for children over 14 years old, it allows you to independently reproduce the eruption of a small volcano.

Equipment:

To conduct the experiment, you first need to make the volcano itself; sand or gypsum is suitable as a material. When the mountain has frozen, a special powder is poured into the depression and set on fire. The substance begins to burn spectacularly, throwing out sparks, and ash appears.

The advantages of such an experiment include a visual representation of flammable substances. Disadvantages: presence of harmful substances, can only be used once.

Price: 440 rub.

Chemistry set

The kit provides for growing crystals at home.

The set includes:

• ammonium crystal;
• dye;
• polypropylene container;
• gloves;
• colored glass base;
• stirring tool;
• instructions

Stages of work:

• Pour crystalline powder into a container and mix with 150 ml of boiling water.
• Stir until completely dissolved.
• The base of the crystal is immersed in the liquid.
• Cover with a lid for 60 minutes.
• Add a substance to form a crystal into the cooled water and close the lid.
• After a day, remove the lid.
• Wait until the top of the crystal appears above the water.
• The water is drained, the crystal is removed and dried.

The experiment is very interesting for children and is practically safe, but it will take at least 4 days to complete.

Cost of the set: 350 rub.

Set for chemical experiments “Traffic light”

Set includes:

• sodium hydroxide;
• glucose;
• indigo carmine;
• 2 measuring cups;
• gloves.

Sequence of experience:

1. Glucose (4 tablets) is dissolved in 1 glass using a small amount of boiling water. Add 10 mg sodium hydroxide solution.
2. A little indigo carmine is dissolved in the 2nd glass.
3. A solution of glucose and alkali is poured into the resulting blue liquid.
4. When mixing the solutions, the liquid will turn green (oxygen in the air oxidizes indigo carmine).
5. Gradually the solution will turn red, then yellow. If the vessel with the yellow solution is shaken, the liquid will turn green again, then red and yellow.

The experiment is spectacular, interesting and safe. The disadvantages include insufficiently detailed instructions.

Set price: 350 rub.

Advantages and disadvantages of home experiments

Experience name	Advantages	Flaws
Pharaoh snake	Availability of materials, entertainment	Not safe
Growing Crystals	Complete security, visibility	The experiment is quite long
Volcano	Clearly demonstrates the interaction of substances	Long preparations for the experiment
Experiment on the interaction of metals with various liquids	Effectiveness, safety	Requires a lot of time to carry out
Home fireworks	Entertainment and availability of substances used	Not safe

Most chemical home experiments, when carried out correctly, do not harm the child’s health, but it is better to conduct them under adult supervision. All the necessary substances can be found in any kitchen.

Experiments will reveal to children the secrets of the interaction of substances and arouse interest in understanding the world.

Article format: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Video on the topic: chemical experiments for children

Home miracle laboratory: chemical experiments for children:

Useful tips

Children are always trying to find out something new every day, and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, or they can show clearly how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts, with which they can then play.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolor paints

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (if desired)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “squeeze” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.

7. Add a full spoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

Small capacity

4-6 gummy worms

3 tablespoons baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.

* How smaller piece, all the better.

*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Stir water in a glass and baking soda.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

Bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.

* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar

As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to your child.

You will need:

Warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring into it. IN in this example 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... oil density less water(that’s why it “floats” on the water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiments: ina circle in which colors merge

You will need:

- printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

Skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.

4. TO back side Glue the second template onto the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of ​​the jellyfish's "neck", but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish's head.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.

* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass glass or bowl

Plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.

4. After freezing, move the solution to the main chamber of the refrigerator, preferably on top shelf and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait overnight.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they will most likely immediately break or crumble.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Who didn't believe in miracles as a child? To have a fun and educational time with your baby, you can try experiments from entertaining chemistry. They are safe, interesting and educational. These experiments will answer many children's “whys” and awaken interest in science and knowledge of the world around us. And today I want to tell you what experiments parents can organize for children at home.

Pharaoh's snake

This experience is based on increasing the volume of mixed reagents. During the burning process, they transform and, wriggling, resemble a snake. The experiment got its name from a biblical miracle when Moses, who came to Pharaoh with a request, turned his rod into a snake.

For the experiment you will need the following ingredients:

• ordinary sand;
• ethanol;
• crushed sugar;
• baking soda.

We soak the sand in alcohol, then form a small hill out of it and make a depression at the top. After this, mix a small spoon of powdered sugar and a pinch of soda, then pour everything into an improvised “crater”. We set fire to our volcano, the alcohol in the sand begins to burn out, and black balls form. They are a product of the decomposition of soda and caramelized sugar.

After all the alcohol has burned out, the pile of sand will turn black and a wriggling “black pharaoh’s snake” will form. This experiment looks more impressive with the use of real reagents and strong acids, which can only be used in a chemical laboratory.

You can do it a little easier and buy a calcium gluconate tablet at the pharmacy. Set it on fire at home, the effect will be almost the same, only the “snake” will quickly collapse.

Magic lamp

In stores you can often see lamps, inside of which a beautiful illuminated liquid moves and shimmers. Such lamps were invented in the early 60s. They work on the basis of paraffin and oil. At the bottom of the device there is a built-in conventional incandescent lamp, which heats the descending molten wax. Part of it reaches the top and falls, the other part heats up and rises, so we see a kind of “dance” of paraffin inside the container.

In order to carry out a similar experience at home with a child, we will need:

• any juice;
• vegetable oil;
• effervescent tablets;
• beautiful container.

Take a container and fill it more than halfway with juice. Add vegetable oil on top and throw in an effervescent tablet. It begins to “work”, the bubbles rising from the bottom of the glass capture the juice and form a beautiful bubbling in the oil layer. Then the bubbles reaching the edge of the glass burst and the juice falls down. It turns out to be a kind of “circulation” of juice in a glass. Such magic lamps are absolutely harmless, unlike paraffin lamps, which a child can accidentally break and get burned.

Ball and orange: experience for kids

What will happen to a balloon if you drop orange or lemon juice on it? It will burst as soon as the citrus droplets touch it. And you can then eat the orange with your baby. It's very entertaining and fun. For the experiment we will need a couple of balloons and citrus. We inflate them and let the baby drip some fruit juice onto each one and see what happens.

Why does the balloon burst? It's all about the special chemical substance– limonene. It is found in citrus fruits and is often used in the cosmetics industry. When the juice comes into contact with the rubber of the balloon, a reaction occurs, limonene dissolves the rubber and the balloon bursts.

Sweet glass

You can make amazing things from caramelized sugar. In the early days of cinema, edible sweet glass was used in most fight scenes. This is because it is less traumatic for actors during filming and is inexpensive. Its fragments can then be collected, melted and made into film props.

Many people made sugar cockerels or fudge in childhood; glass should be made according to the same principle. Pour water into the pan, heat it up a little, the water should not be cold. After this, add granulated sugar and bring to a boil. When the liquid boils, cook until the mixture gradually begins to thicken and bubbles strongly. The melted sugar in the container should turn into a viscous caramel, which, if lowered into cold water will turn into glass.

Pour the prepared liquid onto the previously prepared and lubricated vegetable oil pan, cool and the sweet glass is ready.

During the cooking process, you can add dye to it and cast it into any interesting shape, and then treat and surprise everyone around.

Philosophical nail

This entertaining experiment is based on the principle of copper plating of iron. Named by analogy with a substance that, according to legend, could turn everything into gold, and was called the philosopher's stone. To conduct the experiment we will need:

• iron nail;
• a quarter of a glass of acetic acid;
• table salt;
• soda;
• a piece of copper wire;
• glass container.

Take a glass jar and pour acid and salt into it and stir well. Be careful, vinegar is harsh bad smell. It can burn the baby's delicate airways. Then we put copper wire into the resulting solution for 10-15 minutes, after some time we lower an iron nail, previously cleaned with soda, into the solution. After some time, we can see that a copper coating has appeared on it, and the wire has become shiny as new. How could this happen?

Copper reacts with acetic acid to form a copper salt, then the copper ions on the surface of the nail exchange places with iron ions and form a coating on its surface. And the concentration of iron salts in the solution increases.

Copper coins are not suitable for the experiment because this metal itself is very soft, and to make the money stronger, its alloys with brass and aluminum are used.

Copper products do not rust over time; they are covered with a special green coating - patina, which prevents it from further corrosion.

DIY soap bubbles

Who didn't love blowing soap bubbles as a child? How beautifully they shimmer and burst merrily. You can simply buy them in the store, but it will be much more interesting to create your own solution with your child and then blow bubbles.

It should be said right away that the usual mixture of laundry soap and water won't do. It produces bubbles that quickly disappear and are difficult to blow out. Most affordable way to prepare such a substance, mix two glasses of water with a glass detergent for dishes. If you add sugar to the solution, the bubbles become stronger. They will fly for a long time and will not burst. And the huge bubbles that can be seen on stage by professional artists are created by mixing glycerin, water and detergent.

For beauty and mood, you can mix food coloring into the solution. Then the bubbles will glow beautifully in the sun. You can create several different solutions and use them in turn with your child. It's interesting to experiment with color and create your own new shade of soap bubbles.

You can also try mixing the soap solution with other substances and see how they affect the bubbles. Maybe you will invent and patent some new type of yours.

Spy ink

These are legendary invisible ink. What are they made of? Now there are so many films about spies and interesting intellectual investigations. You can invite your child to play secret agents a little.

The point of such ink is that it cannot be seen on paper with the naked eye. Only by applying special influence, for example, heat or chemical reagents, can you see the secret message. Unfortunately, most recipes for making them are ineffective and such ink leaves marks.

We will make special ones that are difficult to see without special identification. For this you will need:

• water;
• spoon;
• baking soda;
• any heat source;
• stick with cotton on the end.

Pour warm liquid into any container, then, stirring, pour baking soda into it until it stops dissolving, i.e. the mixture will reach a high concentration. We put a stick with cotton wool at the end there and write something on paper with it. Let's wait until it dries, then hold the leaf to a lit candle or gas stove. After a while, you can see how the yellow letters of the written word appear on the paper. Make sure that the leaf does not catch fire while developing the letters.

Fireproof money

This is a famous and old experiment. For it you will need:

• water;
• alcohol;
• salt.

Take a deep glass container and pour water into it, then add alcohol and salt, stir well until all ingredients dissolve. To set it on fire, you can take ordinary pieces of paper, or if you don’t mind, you can take a banknote. Just take a small denomination, otherwise something may go wrong in the experiment and the money will be spoiled.

Place strips of paper or money in a water-salt solution; after a while they can be removed from the liquid and set on fire. You can see that the flame covers the entire bill, but it does not light up. This effect is explained by the fact that the alcohol in the solution evaporates, and the wet paper itself does not catch fire.

Wish-fulfilling stone

The process of growing crystals is very exciting, but labor-intensive. However, what you get as a result will be worth your time. The most popular way to create crystals is from table salt or sugar.

Let's consider growing a “wishing stone” from refined sugar. For this you will need:

• drinking water;
• granulated sugar;
• piece of paper;
• thin wooden stick;
• small container and glass.

First, let's make the preparation. To do this we need to prepare a sugar mixture. Pour some water and sugar into a small container. Let the mixture boil and cook until it becomes syrupy. Then we lower the wooden stick there and sprinkle it with sugar, this must be done evenly, in this case the resulting crystal will become more beautiful and even. Leave the base for the crystal overnight to dry and harden.

Let's start preparing the syrup solution. Pour water into a large container and add sugar, stirring slowly. Then, when the mixture boils, cook it until it becomes a viscous syrup. Remove from heat and let cool.

We cut out circles from paper and attach them to the end of a wooden stick. It will become the lid on which the wand with crystals is attached. Fill the glass with the solution and lower the workpiece into it. We wait for a week, and the “wishing stone” is ready. If you add dye to the syrup during cooking, it will turn out even more beautiful.

The process of creating crystals from salt is somewhat simpler. Here you just need to monitor the mixture and change it periodically in order to increase the concentration.

First of all, we create a blank. Pour into a glass container warm water, and gradually stirring, add salt until it stops dissolving. Leave the container for a day. After this time, you can find many small crystals in the glass; choose the largest one and tie it to a thread. Make a new salt solution and put a crystal there; it must not touch the bottom or edges of the glass. This may lead to unwanted deformations.

After a couple of days you can notice that he has grown. The more often you change the mixture, increasing the concentration of salt, the faster you can grow your wishing stone.

Glowing tomato

This experiment must be carried out strictly under the supervision of adults, as it uses harmful substances. The glowing tomato that will be created during this experiment should absolutely not be eaten, as it can lead to death or severe poisoning. We will need:

• regular tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfuric matter from matches;
• bleach;
• hydrogen peroxide.

We take a small container, put pre-prepared match sulfur in it and pour in bleach. We leave all this for a while, after which we take the mixture into a syringe and inject it inside the tomato from different sides, so that it glows evenly. To start the chemical process, hydrogen peroxide is needed, which we introduce through the trace from the petiole from above. We turn off the lights in the room and we can enjoy the process.

Egg in vinegar: a very simple experiment

This is a simple and interesting ordinary acetic acid. To implement it you will need boiled egg and vinegar. Take a transparent glass container and place an egg in its shell in it, then fill it to the top with acetic acid. You can see bubbles rising from its surface; this is a chemical reaction taking place. After three days, we can observe that the shell has become soft and the egg is elastic, like a ball. If you shine a flashlight on it, you can see that it glows. Conduct an experiment with raw egg not recommended, as the soft shell may rupture when squeezed.

DIY slime made from PVA

This is a fairly common strange toy from our childhood. Currently it is quite difficult to find it. Let's try to make slime at home. Its classic color is green, but you can use the one you like. Try mixing several shades and creating your own unique color.

To conduct the experiment we will need:

• glass jar;
• several small glasses;
• dye;
• PVA glue;
• regular starch.

Let's prepare three identical glasses with solutions that we will mix. Pour PVA glue into the first, water into the second, and dilute starch into the third. First, pour water into the jar, then add glue and dye, stir everything thoroughly and then add starch. The mixture needs to be stirred quickly so that it does not thicken, and you can play with the finished slime.

How to quickly inflate a balloon

Is there a holiday coming up and you need to inflate a lot of balloons? What to do? This unusual experience will help make the task easier. For it we need a rubber ball, acetic acid and regular soda. It must be carried out carefully in the presence of adults.

Pour a pinch of soda into a balloon and place it on the neck of a bottle of acetic acid so that the soda does not spill out, straighten the balloon and let its contents fall into the vinegar. You will see a chemical reaction take place and it will begin to foam, releasing carbon dioxide and inflating the balloon.

That's all for today. Don’t forget, it’s better to conduct experiments for children at home under supervision, it will be safer and more interesting. See you again!