And they have repeatedly pointed out the illegality of using such a coefficient.

However, the above-mentioned resolution states:

"To establish that if payment for heating by the population is made
was carried out monthly (in equal shares) during the calendar year, taking into account the standard (0.016 Gcal per 1 sq.m), then the volume of thermal energy
gia placed in heating season for heating needs until the day
entry into force of this resolution, determined taking into account
ratio other than the ratio of the duration of the calendar year in months to the duration of the heating period in months (12/7), is subject to revision taking into account the ratio 12/7."

The consequences of such “legalization” are not difficult to predict.

Coefficient 12/7, increases the monthly standard for thermal energy consumption by 12/7 times from 0.016 Gcal/sq.m. up to 0.027 Gcal/sq.m., that is, by 59%

While the Rules for calculating the amount of payment for utility services for heating (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 27, 2012 N 857) with amendments and additions dated September 10, 2013, the calculation methodology with a coefficient of 7/12 has already been approved:

1. If the state authority adopts the subject Russian Federation decisions on consumers paying for heating utilities evenly for all billing months of the calendar year, the amount of payment for heating utilities is determined using the coefficient of frequency of consumers paying for heating utilities (hereinafter referred to as the payment frequency coefficient), determined by dividing the number of months of heating period in a year by the number of calendar months in a year. In this case, payment for utility heating services is calculated in each billing period of the calendar year.

2. Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services for heating is carried out in the following order:

a) the amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the i-th residential building not equipped with an individual heat energy meter, as well as the amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the i-th residential building not equipped with an individual or shared (apartment) heat energy meter (apartment) or non-residential premises in apartment building, which is not equipped with a collective (common house) heat energy meter, is determined by the following formula 1:

The total area of ​​the i-th residential premises (apartment) or non-residential premises;

The standard for the consumption of utility services for heating in residential premises, established in accordance with the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utility services, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 306;

K - payment frequency coefficient determined in accordance with paragraph 1 of these Rules;

Tariff for thermal energy, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

That is, this is a coefficient of 7/12, not 12/7!

While changes have already been made to the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the provision of utility services (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2013 N 344)

1. In the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utility services, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation

Federation of May 23, 2006 N 306 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 22, Art. 2338; 2012, N 15, Art. 1783):

add clause 3.1 with the following content:

3.1.If available technical feasibility installation of collective (common house) metering devices, the standard consumption of utility services for heating in residential premises is determined by formula 5, taking into account the increasing factor of:

since 2017 - 1.6.

Moscow housing associations recognize P, which legitimizes the increasing coefficient of 12/7, as contrary to current federal legislation.

Heating costs are increasing every year, and many consumers are interested in what they pay for and why the numbers on their bills are getting larger. The cost of heating is calculated according to the heat consumption standard, and in apartment buildings it depends on the heated area and on general house expenses.

Every consumer should know how heating fees are calculated according to the standard in order to be able to control the fairness of charges in the management company.

The size of the heating fee depends on various factors

In Russia, there are two main documents by which heating fees are calculated. The first of them is government decree No. 354 of 05/06/11. It regulates the rules for providing utility services to residents apartment buildings. This document became an alternative to government decree No. 307 of May 23, 2006, but in practice the old decree is still in effect.

The decision on the rules by which payments are calculated is made at the local level; the region chooses for itself best option. There is a very important difference between them: according to the Rules established in Resolution No. 354, heating fees are charged only during heating season, and not distributed over the entire year. On the one hand, this simplified the calculation methodology, on the other, it led to an increase in the financial burden on the consumer.

According to the new rules, in the period from October to May it rises sharply, as the cost of heating begins to be included in it. Many consumers are finding it difficult to pay increased bills, leading to more debt. According to the traditional method established in the rules. Resolution No. 307, consumers pay approximately the same amount for an apartment throughout the year, and it is adjusted taking into account the general increase in tariffs.

The amount of payment for heat depends on the installed general building meter, the presence of heat meters in apartments, as well as the presence of distribution sensors in residential and non-residential premises.

Calculation of fees for an uninstalled communal meter

A common house meter allows you to save

If an apartment building is not equipped with a common building, the heating fee is calculated based on three main factors:

• Heating standard. This is the number of gigacalories that are required to heat one square meter to the required temperatures. meters of area. Each region sets its own standard depending on climatic conditions.
• Heating tariff. This is the cost of one gigacalorie of heat established for a given region.
• The size of the heated area. In an apartment building, it does not include the area of ​​the loggia or balcony.

Thus, the calculation of the heating fee in this case is carried out using a relatively simple formula:
The amount of the fee = standard * tariff *, standard and tariff are set by regional authorities.

The final cost of heat does not depend on the number of calories of thermal energy actually consumed, so this method of calculation is used less and less. Currently, a campaign is underway throughout Russia to improve the energy efficiency of heat supply, so heat meters are being actively installed.

Calculation of fees when a communal meter is installed

A more common situation today is that a common building has been installed in an apartment building, while the apartments do not have individual heat consumption meters. engineering communications in many houses, it is simply impossible to include individual meters in the heating system, and each consumer does not have the opportunity to independently increase or decrease the heating. In this case, the calculation is based on four main parameters:

• The total amount of thermal energy consumed by the house is determined by the readings of the general house meter. Its installation allows you to avoid paying for heat lost along the way due to uninsulated heating mains and other problems of heating networks.
• Heated area of ​​the consumer's apartment or non-residential premises.
• Total heated area of ​​the building. All residential premises are taken into account, as well as entrances, attached shops connected to a common heating system, etc.
• The tariff for thermal energy established by law. Tariffs are determined by local authorities.

The calculation formula is as follows: Heat payment = total volume * apartment area/house area * established tariff. In this way, the distribution of fees becomes more equitable, since each house actually pays only for itself.

However, even in this case, the calculation system is not ideal: since consumers do not have the ability to control heat consumption, they often have to simply “heat the street”, releasing heat outside due to its excess. However, you will still have to pay for it in full. Because of this, it is becoming more and more popular modern version calculations with individual meters.

Calculation of fees for installed individual meters

An individual meter allows you to pay for the heat actually consumed

If all apartments have individual heat consumption meters installed, the calculation will become more complex, but in the end the consumer pays for the energy actually used, and this option turns out to be the most profitable. The following parameters are taken into account when calculating:

• The amount of heat consumed by one residential or non-residential premises is determined by the readings of an individual meter. At least 95% of the premises in the building must be equipped with metering devices.
• The amount of heat consumed by the entire house is taken into account based on the readings of the common house meter.
• The area of ​​the apartment for which the heating fee is calculated.
• Total heated area of ​​the house. Residential and non-residential premises are taken into account.
• The tariff set by the government for thermal energy.

All these parameters are taken into account when calculating using the following formula: Fee amount = (individual heat + total heat * apartment area / total area) * tariff.

The sum of the individual meter readings is subtracted from the readings of the common house meter, and the remainder is divided among all consumers. Thus, the residents of the house independently pay for heating the entrance and other general purpose premises, but the main calculation is carried out on the basis of individual meters.

This allows you to significantly reduce heating costs, since you don’t have to pay for worn-out networks and endless utility breakdowns. And yet, the option with individual meters is not always possible to implement: most often a common house meter is installed in the house, and as a result, residents still have to partially pay for each other. This also causes difficulties in dealing with debtors: it is impossible to disconnect them from a single heating system, and as a result they continue to use heat paid for by other people.

The procedure for calculating payment for heat according to the rules of 2006

According to the rules, recalculation must be carried out every year

If payment for heat is calculated according to the old rules, and a common building meter is installed in the house, then the final figures in consumer receipts will depend on how much heat the apartment building consumed during the past year.

This value is divided by the total area of ​​the building, taking into account both residential apartments and non-residential premises such as offices and shops. The result is the amount of heat per 1 sq. meter of area, it is divided into 12 months.

After this, the resulting average monthly energy consumption is multiplied by the tariff approved by the local government. The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​the apartment. An example of a calculation based on 2011 tariffs for Izhevsk. According to the general house meter, the total amount of thermal energy consumed in one year was 990 gigacalories.

The total area of ​​all apartments in the house and premises common use is 5500 meters. After calculation, it turns out that during the year per 1 sq. meter spent 0.015 gigacalories per month. The resulting average monthly volume is multiplied by the cost of 1 gigacalorie of heat at the established tariff. 943.60 (tariff) * 0.015 * 1.18 (VAT) = 16.70 rubles per 1 sq. meter of heated area.

The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​each specific apartment. If, for example, it is 45 sq. meters, then the final monthly heating cost will be 751.5 rubles per month. It is this figure that residents will see on their bills throughout the year, since it is not the amount of heat spent per month that is taken into account, but the average monthly consumption obtained based on the results of last year.

How is the heating fee calculated according to these rules if a common house meter is not installed in the house? In this case, a standard is used - the amount of thermal energy required for heating. For each house it is determined separately; this information should be in open access. When contacting the management company, the tenant apartment building must receive all the information about how the payment for heat is calculated.

According to the rules of Resolution No. 307, a recalculation must be carried out in the house every year. It takes into account the amount of heat consumed in the past year, and a new fee is calculated based on it.

If the figures in the payment raise doubts and seem to be inflated, he has the right to demand a recalculation. To do this, a statement is written and sent to the management company; it must indicate the time frame for which the recalculation must be carried out. Utilities do not have the right to refuse requests; a response is provided within 4 days. If, after re-calculation, an overpayment is revealed, it must be deducted from the amount of debt for the next month.

Knowledge of the laws allows you to fight for your rights and seek justice. Regular tariff increases create a serious burden on, so it is necessary to achieve fair accounting of heat losses.

How to calculate heating fees can be found in the video:

Not long ago, Government Resolution No. 354 of 05/06/2011, related to the procedure for calculating payments for housing and communal services, underwent a number of important changes and, in particular, on the issue of how heating fees are calculated for Russians. In this article we will present current methods for calculating heating tariffs for a multi-storey residential building in this year, and we will also show you how to save on heat energy fees and get additional benefits.

How are heating fees calculated in 2017?

Note that now the choice of method for calculating payment for heat depends not only on the presence (absence) of collective and personal metering devices that measure the volume of thermal energy supplied to the apartment building, but also on the estimated payment period.

This suggests that payments for heating can be made both during the heating season based on the service provided, and year-round in equal amounts.

The type of heating supply to a multi-storey residential building is also significant: whether it is supplied centrally through general building networks or locally produced on equipment that belongs to the joint property of the owners of the premises of the building.

The methods and calculation examples we have shown, which can be seen below, illustrate how heating fees are calculated in MKD apartments equipped with modern centralized heat supply systems.

The calculation of the payment amount for heating is carried out according to formula 3 (Appendix 2 of Rules No. 354 of 05/06/2011) provided that:

• not all premises (residential and non-residential) have separate heat energy meters;
• payments for heating are carried out only in autumn-winter period.

Formula 3:

where V D is the volume of consumed heat according to the readings of the collective meter;

S i – total square footage of housing (apartment);

S about – the total area of ​​all available premises in the apartment building;

The calculation of the payment amount for heating is carried out according to formula 3 (1) (Appendix 2 of Rules No. 354 of 05/06/2011) provided that:

• the apartment building is equipped with a building-wide heat meter;
• not all premises (residential and non-residential) have separate heat energy meters;
• Heating payments are made every month throughout the calendar year.

Formula 3 (1):

P i = S i × V T × T T,

where S i

V T – average monthly heat consumption for space heating over the past year. This parameter is calculated according to the readings of the collective meter installed on the apartment building, the total area of ​​all premises of the building and the number of months in the year;

T T – regional heat tariff adopted for the service provider.

Note that when calculating the payment amount in this way (using last year’s average monthly readings of the collective meter), in the first quarter of the next year after the settlement year, the payment amount must be adjusted.

That is, before April 1, 2018 (during the first quarter), a recalculation must be made in the form of a write-off (additional charge) of the fee, taking into account the actual readings of the collective meter for 2017.

How is the heating fee calculated in this case? Used to adjust the payment amount formula 3 (2):

Pi = Pk.pr x Si / Sob - Pfn.i

where P kipr is the payment for the heating service, calculated on the basis of the readings of the joint meter available in the apartment building for the past year;

S i – total area of ​​housing (apartment);

S ob – the total area of ​​all available premises in the apartment building (residential and non-residential);

P fn.i – the total amount of payment for the supply of residential heating last year.

How to calculate heating fees without a meter

Let's look at how heating fees are calculated without a meter. The payment amount for heating is calculated using formula 2 from Appendix No. 2 of Rules No. 354 of 05/06/2011, provided that:

• Payments for heating are made only in the autumn-winter period.

Formula 2:

P i = S i × N T × T T,

Where S i– total area of ​​housing (apartment);

N T

T T– regional heat tariff established for the service provider.

The calculation of the payment amount for heating is carried out according to formula 2 (1) (Appendix 2 of Rules No. 354 of 05/06/2011) provided that:

• the apartment building is not equipped with a building-wide heat meter;
• Heating payments are made every month throughout the calendar year.

Formula 2 (1):

P i = S i × (N T × K) ×T T,

Where S i– total area of ​​housing (apartment);

N T– rate of consumption of thermal energy as a utility service;

T T– regional heat tariff adopted for the service provider;

K– coefficient of frequency of payments for heat supply, reflecting the duration of the heating cycle, including partial months.

Note that the coefficient TO(frequency of payments for utility services) is found as a quotient of the duration of the heating period (in months) and the number of months in the calendar year (based on Government Decree No. 857 of 08/27/2012). In this case, the fee for the supply of thermal energy is charged annually for each billing period.

What do residents of apartment buildings pay for?

To understand how the payment for heating an apartment is calculated, let's talk about the concept of “temperature schedule”. It represents the parameters of the source supplying heat (boiler house, thermal power plant), calculated taking into account the permissible minimum temperature in the apartment and the average daily air condition in a particular locality.

Using this graph, the degree of water heating in the supply and return pipelines of the network is determined, taking into account the temperature environment. In other words, the regulation of the supply of thermal energy from a boiler room or thermal power plant is most often carried out based on a single synoptic indicator - the temperature of the street air.

The vast majority of populated areas use high-quality central regulation, taking into account the temperature schedule for heat supply systems with a predominance of thermal load of ventilation and heating. The word “quality” should be understood as “changing the temperature of the coolant.”

When the DHW system is loaded, the temperature schedule of the supply pipeline during the unheated period and warm days of the heating season is straightened to create the required temperature hot water.

The methods for calculating and drawing up a temperature graph are quite complex. The functions of heating networks are different, and each of them requires an individual approach.

According to the applied methods, the schedule for adjusting the heat supply is formed as the ratio of its average hourly consumption for hot water supply to the total consumption of thermal energy for the consumer needs of the entire region (settlement), where it is, in fact, calculated.

Taking into account this ratio, the following types of temperature schedules for adjusting heat supply are used:

• an optimal heat supply schedule is possible for heating system circuits used only for the heating load of consuming objects, and is centrally regulated at the source itself (boiler house, thermal power plant);
• the increased schedule is designed for closed systems heat supply that meets the needs of consumer facilities for hot water supply and heating;
• the adjusted schedule is used for open systems heat supply. In this case, the coolant is taken from the heating system for the needs of the hot water supply.

• the ratio of the average hourly heat consumption for domestic hot water supply of all consumers and the total estimated thermal energy consumption for heating the same audience;
• ambient temperature;
• temperature inside the building;
• heating (t°) of the coolant in the forward and return pipelines;
• heating (t°) of the coolant entering the building;
• heat loss in heating and hot water systems.

It is with these parameters in mind that it is possible to ensure optimal (same) temperature maintenance for all consumers located at varying degrees of distance from the source (boiler house or thermal power plant).

How is the payment for heating with automation calculated: benefit or harm?

Typically, in apartment buildings, an elevator unit is installed to control the heating system, which maintains the pressure and temperature of the coolant at the level of design standards. It works simply: water is ejected from the “return” of the heating system, after which it is added to the supply coolant of the heating network line. There is no automation, so everything is trouble-free and simple - there is only a safety load valve. In addition, operating costs are almost completely eliminated.

When using high-quality fittings and an alloy steel nozzle, such a unit will last for decades without special care. However, such a device is rarely combined with new heating systems that can maintain the desired temperature in each room, regardless of the weather and number of floors in the house. And if the heating system operates poorly, it does not provide protection against overheating.

An automated coolant supply unit in a building's communications is fundamentally different from an elevator. It supplies the system with a nominal amount of heat in any weather, regardless of the ambient temperature, and also eliminates overheating.

There are two types of automated nodes of this type. The first operates on the principle of automated mixing of water from the forward and return lines of the heating network, the second creates a closed circuit of the heating system.

Units with a mixing chamber automatically supply the required amount of heat to the heating system when the coolant format changes in any direction from the approved schedule. But this causes misregulation of the heating network itself, so RSO prohibits the use of such control units. And we will consider nodes of the second type.

We will show how the heating system of a building is isolated from the heating network. The coolant located in the network is cyclically supplied to the heat exchanger, warming up the water there, which is sent to the home heating system using circulation pumps. Due to automation with inverse coupling, water heating in the system is maintained at a level sufficient to create a nominal temperature in the premises, regardless of heat loss from the building. Circuit closed type eliminates the dependence of the maximum height of the building on the pressure created at the input of the heating network.

All automated units have pumps, plate heat exchangers, filters, heat meters, automation, instrumentation, fasteners, etc.

There are many old multi-apartment buildings where the hot water system is controlled by a special device TRZh (thermal liquid regulator). With its help, water is taken from the return and supply pipes of the heating network and mixed until desired temperature and is pumped into the house hot water system.

At home modern type equipped with an automated water supply unit for hot water supply to the building. Such a unit, equipped with pumps, automation, heat exchanger and metering meters, forms an independent circuit. The water circulating in the heating network only heats the water in the heat exchanger for supply to the DHW system.

Such a system is usually designed together with ring pipelines. The supply of hot water is not affected by the height and number of floors of the structure, as well as the pressure in the thermal and water supply networks entering the house.

A closed DHW system operates only on tap water, which corresponds to GOST P 51232–98 with the name “Drinking water”.

Water supplied from the direct line of the heating network enters a special mixing chamber through the control valve. Water is pumped into the same device from the “return” heat main through network pump. The coolant heated to the required temperature flows from the mixer into the heating system. This process is fully automated.

The control unit we considered is cheaper than its analogue with a heat exchanger, but it also requires high operating costs and uninterrupted power supply.

In order to choose the right control unit, you must first study the technical conditions issued by the heat energy supplier, that is, the heating network.

It should be recalled that automated control units (ACU) are designed by specialists taking into account the specifications developed by the heat supplier, as well as the consumer’s needs for hot water supply and heating (with specification of consumption conditions).

Automatic installations for hot water supply or heating systems, produced in the factory, are a combination of technical components designed for connection to the heating network and automated control DHW and heating systems for MKD.

This node may have combined type and be equipped with independent control units for building heating and hot water supply on 1–2 frames. During the assembly process, spacing may be provided between parts and independent modules to facilitate maintenance and replacement of equipment, instruments and fittings.

Expert opinion

Technical necessity and economic feasibility

Veniamin Gassul,

Candidate of Economic Sciences, Honorary Builder of Russia, St. Petersburg

I note that replacing a conventional elevator unit for supplying coolant to the heating system with an ACU is not a technical need. Firstly, automated devices are necessary for heating multi-storey buildings. Secondly, they are used to increase the living comfort of high-rise building owners in the autumn-winter period. Therefore, you should not hope that such a replacement will give you a tangible economic effect.

Enterprises that design and produce automatic control units for supplying coolant to the heating system often overestimate the economic effect of their use. This is caused by an inaccurate generalization of particular parameters, a discrepancy between theoretical data and reality, and a simple desire to attract a potential buyer with this product. Of course, in the case of MKD it is possible small effect thanks to the localization of the flood. At the same time, operating costs for maintaining an ACU increase the cost of maintaining an MCD.

Example No. 1 – negative experience

At the turn of 2008–2009, performance tests were carried out in one of the residential high-rise buildings in St. Petersburg elevator units. During the heating season, the excess heat consumption in comparison with its design indicator reached: 8,558 rubles at one elevator node and 50,429 rubles at another. The average house figure was 29,493 rubles.

The high heat consumption in the second elevator block was caused by wear of the nozzle and, as a consequence, expansion of the outlet opening.

At that time, the automated control unit cost 1,300,000 rubles, and the maximum possible annual heat savings could be 50,429 rubles. The payback period of the unit is 20 years or more, and taking into account the average heat savings (29,493 rubles), which must be followed, it is over forty. Moreover, operating costs were not taken into account.

The efficiency of the heat exchanger is 90–95%, therefore, 7% of the heat that does not reach the heating system will still be paid for.

The old fittings with which buildings were equipped back in the USSR (cast iron valves, taps with double adjustment, plug and three-way models, intersectional DGI models) have largely fallen into disrepair. And some MKDs did not have this at all. During the overhaul of heating systems, modern type shut-off and control valves should be placed in front of each heating device. It will prevent unnecessary expenses by blocking excess heat from accessing the device and maintain a comfortable room temperature.

It turns out that from the economic side it is not rational to replace elevator units in heating systems with automated analogues (ACU).

Example No. 2 – positive experience

Beginning in 2005, the city of Naberezhnye Chelny began modernizing the heating units installed in the apartment buildings, including transition to a closed circuit. During this time, 80% of residential buildings received ITP. According to a survey by OJSC Tatenergo, city-wide savings in hot water and heat have reached more than 20%. Now 75% of high-rise buildings have plate heat exchangers at their disposal to supply hot water. Such modernization pays off within four years.

During the implementation of the program “Energy saving and increasing energy efficiency of the Krasnodar Territory for the period 2011–2020,” during 2012, 230 apartment buildings in the city of Sochi underwent modification of thermal units. They were equipped with IHP with weather-dependent adjustment and thermal energy metering devices. This led to a 34 percent reduction in heating bills for consumers and to cheaper DHW services by 29.4%. It is expected that the payback period for this project will take six years.

Conversion of TRZh to AUU for DHW systems is not at all a technical inevitability, and from an economic point of view it is not even advisable. However, from the beginning of 2022, open centralized systems heating supply (DHW), since the selection of coolant for hot water supply was stopped from January 1 of this year under Article 29 (clause 9) of Federal Law No. 190 of July 27, 2010 “On Heat Supply”.

In short, by the officially appointed date, all heating and cooling systems should be replaced with automated hot water supply units, without taking into account the economic feasibility of this project. The question rests only on the possibility of immediately including these events in the list repair work with amendments to the regional capital improvement program.

Expert opinion

It is more profitable to “close” the heating system during a major renovation of an apartment building

Vyacheslav Gun,

Deputy Director of Thermal Automation Department at Danfoss

A comprehensive modernization of the heating system of a single apartment building in the presence of an existing heat metering unit pays for itself in a relatively short period of time. This allows you to attract third-party investments through a concession or energy service scheme. That is, the goal is achieved, and no one should bear the additional financial yoke - neither the local budget, nor homeowners.

At major renovation It is advisable for MKD to consider the possibility of installing automated control units.

The Heat Supply Law requires the replacement of TRWs with automated control units for the hot water supply system. Replacement of elevator units and TRZs with automated control units at the expense of the MKD overhaul fund is permissible if a constituent entity of the Russian Federation included this as part of the overhaul work.

If the owners of the premises decided to install an automated control unit instead of the elevator themselves, then this can be done through separate contributions.

Installation of an automated control unit in a heating system or hot water supply must be accompanied by the issuance of technical specifications organization supplying the heat resource.

ACUs for the heating system will not be able to normalize the temperature in the premises of a high-rise building if the heating of water in the heating network, established by the schedule, turns out to be insufficient. To create the required amount of heat supplied to the heating system, the water leaving the heat exchangers must have a specific temperature.

To achieve this, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of heat exchanger sections and a certain heating of water in the network according to temperature chart. If the water in the system overheats, the automation will reduce its supply to the heat exchanger. If the situation is the opposite (underheating), the heating system will receive an insufficient amount of heat.

It is obvious that the introduction of modernized control units in modern systems heating is necessary. This will completely eliminate moral and physical wear and tear of equipment, increasing its performance.

As a result of this, the heating system will first receive protection from overheating. The clogging of the hot water supply system with foreign matter will stop, and potable quality water will be supplied instead of network water. In addition, the risk of Legionella will be reduced.

How are heating charges calculated (per apartment)

Today, almost 80% of the municipal housing stock in Russia is heated from centralized sources (boiler houses, thermal power plants) and only 20% of buildings have apartment heating.

However, the latter is most beneficial to municipal authorities, construction companies and homeowners themselves due to the steady deterioration of the hot water supply system and central heating year after year. According to calculations, the construction of buildings with apartment-by-apartment (local) heating costs the developer several times less than the constant repair of heating networks. Therefore, the number of housing constructions with the planned installation of individual boilers in each apartment is now growing.

Apartment heating (abbreviated as PO) implies autonomous provision of each apartment in an apartment building hot water, including for heating the room. This kind of heating is very popular in Europe. Let’s say that in Italy almost 14,000,000 apartments are individually heated. In our country this technology used in forty regions: Leningrad, Tver, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Voronezh, Sverdlovsk, Kaliningrad, etc.

The very first 10-story apartment building with individual heating was erected in Smolensk (1999) and put into operation in the same year by Grazhdanstroy LLC.

“The main goal was to create from nothing dependent system, because apartment-by-apartment heat supply is convenient because of its autonomy - the consumer himself turns the heating on and off at any desired moment,” explains V. Shpakovsky, director of SSU Group of Companies “Grazhdanstroy”.

In addition to extraordinary comfort for residents, individual heating has another important advantage- it is much cheaper than a centralized one, so the heating fee is very optimistic. “With apartment-by-apartment heat supply, a person pays 2–5 times less,” says S. Vatuyskikh, technical director of the Russian representative office of BAXI. – This value varies depending on the region, tariffs for public utilities, features of the heating system (for example, the presence of heated floors) and other factors.”

Of course, the initial costs for a construction company to build a house are high, because each apartment needs to be equipped with a boiler. But there is an opportunity for residential development in areas without a developed heating network infrastructure.

Undoubtedly, the construction of high-rise buildings with software is also beneficial for local authorities to save money. In this case, heating plants and heating points are not required, and there is no heat leakage in heating networks. “For example, in Kaluga, at a meeting of the city council several years ago, it was even decided that houses under construction should be given priority apartment-by-apartment heat supply, since the budget did not have enough funds for subsidies,” reports S. Vatuyskikh.

But, despite the advantages, individual heating has its drawbacks.

Firstly, it is problematic to create a chimney. Since the coaxial emission of combustion products (using the facade of a building) is prohibited in our country, there is a need to build a single common house chimney. Of course, this is a labor-intensive process that is expensive.

Secondly, there is an increased danger, since each apartment has heating device, operating on explosive gas fuel. However, with high-quality equipment, explosions and leaks are excluded. “In houses under construction we install Italian wall-mounted boilers thermal power of 24 kW (economy class) and 31 kW (comfort) simultaneously with a heating circuit and hot water preparation, says M. Kozlov, technical director of Grazhdanstroy LLC. – They have ionization flame control, which turns off the gas valve as soon as the fire goes out. This ensures that there are no gas leaks.”

When gas is supplied to the boiler, a piezo or electronic ignition is triggered. The spark ignites the igniter, which in turn ignites the main burner, which heats the coolant (usually water) in the boiler to the desired temperature. The burner then turns off automatically. When the temperature of the boiler contents decreases, the thermocouple (sensor) sends a signal to the valve to supply gas and the burner lights up again.

Construction organizations pay serious attention to the selection of suppliers heating equipment. According to professional developers, When selecting boilers, three conditions are taken into account:

• quality level;
• reliability of operation in Russian climatic conditions;
• opportunity service at the location of the equipment. Some boiler manufacturers reserve the right to technical maintenance, which causes a lot of trouble for developers and dealers. However, many companies organize training seminars for specialists at their own premises or at local partners and dealers. This allows trained construction workers to carry out service activities independently.

The first two conditions are closely related to boiler manufacturers and the choice of equipment (more precisely, circulation pumps) that are used in projects. Therefore, it is wiser not to save money and choose trusted manufacturers of heating devices. As usual, such companies are closely associated with leading manufacturers of pumping products, and the result is reliable and high-quality products. "With help circulation pump cooled water with the required pressure enters the heating circuit, and then into the heating riser and radiators. Afterwards the cycle repeats,” explains S. Vatuyskikh. – From selected pumping equipment The durability and service life of the heating unit depends. The reliability of pumping equipment depends on its design features.”

“Using automation, you can set a mode in which the pump will turn on periodically. Consumers often use this mode during vacation, when there is no point in constant heat supply, but at the same time the room does not cool down, says K. Afromeev, chief engineer of the TEPLOWELL enterprise. “You can also set an operating mode in which each room will be heated separately: for example, the nursery will be warmer than the bedroom.”

Now many are concerned about the possibility of using individual heating for secondary housing. The answer will be positive if the house has chimneys for gas water heaters or the possibility of creating an independent chimney. The formation of an individual heating system is carried out only with the permission of the gas service.

Obviously, systematized apartment heating is more profitable than centralized heating. Construction companies there is no need to create expensive heating networks; there is a prospect of developing areas without a developed communications infrastructure. Local self-governments, for their part, save budget money due to the absence of subsidies for heating fees in the apartment and losses of thermal energy in the networks. End consumers receive additional convenience - constant hot water and heating, regardless of planned outages, and a great way to save money.

Good afternoon

When applying tariffs differentiated by time of day (day and night) and (or) load consumed per unit of time, the amount of payment for utility services is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs.

When producing thermal energy for heating an apartment building using autonomous system heating, which is part of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building (in the absence of centralized heating), the amount of payment for heating is calculated based on meter readings and the corresponding tariffs for fuel used to produce thermal energy. At the same time, the costs of maintaining and repairing internal buildings engineering systems, used for the production of thermal energy, are included in the fee for the maintenance and repair of residential premises.

When preparing hot water using the in-house engineering systems of an apartment building (in the absence of centralized preparation of hot water), the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated based on meter readings and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and fuel used to prepare hot water. In this case, the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for preparing hot water are included in the fee for maintaining and repairing residential premises.

In the absence of collective (common house), common (apartment) and individual devices accounting, the amount of payment for utilities in residential premises is determined by the established formula: you need to multiply three values ​​- the total area of ​​​​the residential premises, the tariff and an indicator that takes into account the volume of thermal energy consumption for heating. In the absence of collective and individual metering devices, the consumption standard is used as the last indicator, the calculation of which is carried out in accordance with the Rules for establishing and determining utility service consumption standards. The standard for thermal energy consumption for heating is set in Gcal per 1 sq. m of residential area of ​​the house per month and is determined by dividing the total consumption of thermal energy for heating during the heating period by the total area of ​​​​the premises and by 12 months.

If the apartment building is equipped common device heat metering, but there are no such meters in residential premises, then instead of the standard, the average monthly volume of thermal energy consumption for heating for the previous year is used. If data on average consumption is not available, consumption standards should be used when calculating fees. If, in the presence of a common house meter, some rooms in the house are equipped with individual heat meters, and some are not, for the first the payment is determined according to the same formulas using the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for the previous year, for the second - based on the consumption standard.

The procedure for the provision of utility services, including the procedure for their payment, was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006. No. 307. However, it should be taken into account that by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02/06/2011. No. 354 approved new rules for the provision of utility services to owners of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings. As of September 1, 2012, the current rules will no longer apply.

In light of the regular rise in prices for utility services, consumers are increasingly asking questions about how they can pay less for electricity, gas, water and, of course, heating, the price for which is the most expensive. And if the owners of private households are faced with a completely simple and realistic task - to increase the efficiency of heat conservation of their home, install a good boiler and replace battered batteries with new ones with regulators, then owners of apartments in high-rise buildings can only rely on the common sense of the service provider and logically reasonable rates. Many uninitiated people are interested in the quite reasonable question of why we pay for heating in the summer. In today’s article we will try to answer it, and also understand such nuances as the cost of apartment heating services and possible ways its reduction.

Reasonable question

So, let's first find out why we pay for heating in the summer, although the radiators in the apartments become cold in mid-May, if not earlier. This "injustice" is troubling a large number of of people. It is especially relevant for those who have just begun to comprehend the basics of the science of paying for utility services, because older people know that this reduces the amount of bills that are received monthly by the population.

According to a decree adopted at the state level, at the end of each winter season, the services responsible for supplying heat to apartments calculate and adjust the cost of the services they provide. Heating tariffs, which holders of personal accounts will see in receipts, depend on many factors, but the fundamental one is the cost of energy. It also includes a fee for communication services, their Maintenance and modernization, wages, taxes. As a result, the final price is broken down not by the number of months that actually make up the heating season, but by the entire calendar year. This reduces the financial burden on apartment owners.

Solution from above

This is a nationwide practice, which can be changed at the discretion of local authorities, when a collective decision is made on a different payment schedule, and people pay for using the service, albeit in a larger amount, but not throughout the year. Then apartment residents don’t have a question about why we pay for heating in the summer, but this does not mean at all that during the warm season they will have zeros in the “Heating” column.

The service provider may charge a certain amount, which will be calculated not for the direct supply of heat, but, for example, for servicing the main line. Of course, the cost of heating in the summer will then be significantly lower than that of others, but in the winter they will have to fork out a lot.

How is the tariff calculated?

The amount indicated in the “payable” column is made up of two components. First of all, this is the direct cost of the service to provide heat to each individual apartment, but the receipt also includes compensation from residents for the fact that Management Company heats common areas, and not just square meters that fall under private property. What does it mean? The fact that heating tariffs include the supply of heat to the entrance, stairwells, corridors, basements. By the way, apartment residents have to pay with their hard earned money not only directly for hot radiators, but also for other components that make up the cost of heating, which we already mentioned a little higher.

This is the main answer to the question of why we pay for heating all year round. After all, if the payment were calculated only at the time of actual use of the service, it would be too high, especially considering the current price for this utility service.

Since July 2017, the national tariff has increased by 4% on average. At the moment it is not the same in different regions, although no significant differences are observed. So, in the capital it is 1747 rubles/Gcal, in St. Petersburg - 1678 rubles, Tula - 1782 rubles, Pskov -1720 rubles, Kazan - 1647 rubles, Perm - 1820 rubles, Saratov - 1819 rubles, Novosibirsk - 1394 rubles, Chelyabinsk - 1211 rubles.

Constant variable

Payment for heating in summer period and in winter it is usually the same and is calculated using the basic formula, which looks like this:

• Payment = consumption standard x total housing area x tariff.

The consumption standard is also calculated by the service provider once a year. Let us note one more nuance. In case it is not installed individual counter for heating in an apartment or house, the tariff is recalculated upward according to a factor of 1.6. That is, in fact, the amount in the payment bill increases by 60% due to the lack of a device that reads the amount of thermal energy that a residential building uses.

An important nuance in the issue of pricing is the duration of the heating season. Many Russians are concerned about the question of whether it is legal to pay for heating in the summer if the radiators were turned off in mid-spring due to favorable weather conditions. In theory, the heating and communal service should recalculate and take into account the actual overpayment for the next period, thereby reducing the next payment, but, alas, it is almost impossible to control this in reality.

As practice shows, utility bills occur annually. At the moment, the authorities do not foresee sharp increases in heating prices; according to government officials, this difference should not exceed the inflation rate budgeted for.

However, in any case, the population faces a rather urgent need to optimize the use of energy resources. It can help you save money. It is installed individually for an apartment by special service departments after agreement with the service provider. However, this issue also has its pitfalls.

Don't flatter yourself!

One of the main misconceptions among those who have just set out to install such a device in their home is that they will only have to pay for the amount of thermal energy that actually gets into the apartment. However, payment for heating in the summer can still be included in the general payment for utilities. Another question is that the amount there will appear insignificant, since it will be the fee for heating the entrance and some other price components.

There is also a significant difference in where exactly the meter is located. It can be communal or apartment. for heating in the first case? The person responsible for carrying out the calculations calculates how much it cost to heat the entire house during reporting period, and dividing this number by the number of apartments (taking into account square meters each of them), will distribute the entire amount between their owners.

How to reduce heat resource consumption?

If your house is individual system heating, it is important to learn how to save on heating, because how much you will have to pay for this service largely depends on you. First of all, it is necessary to minimize possible ways of heat dissipation to the street:

• install good windows;
• replace entrance doors or eliminate gaps in the opening;
• insulate walls and ceilings.

It is very important to be able to use it correctly modern technologies. A thermostat with a sensor that detects the presence of a person in the room issues commands to the system, which reduces or increases the heating of the room as needed. You can do this manually by installing control valves on the batteries.

We use less = we pay less?

These recommendations will be useful not only for “individuals”; they are also good for those who use centralized heating. High-quality insulated walls and windows will better preserve normal temperature in the apartment, especially considering the fact that not all boiler rooms meet the standards.

So, according to the standards, in winter the temperature in the living room should be within 20-23 degrees, in the kitchen and toilet - 19-21 degrees, and in the bathroom - at least 24 degrees. In fact, we have 16-18 degrees, which by law is only possible in lobbies, entrances and inter-apartment corridors. So it turns out that by insulating or using it you will not save money, but you will be able to create a more favorable microclimate in your home, but the question of why we pay for heating in the summer will remain open (given the level of services provided).

Investment for the future

When does a house have autonomous heating system or at least a meter, this is more beneficial for apartment owners in terms of saving money. So the communal apartment will be cheaper in any case. But it is even more profitable to have meters directly in the apartment. Before installing this device, you need to find out how the system is organized in your home. The pipes can be looped and run along the perimeter of the apartment from one room to another, but there are buildings where heating risers are installed. Then a counter will need to be installed on each of them, and this will amount to an impressive amount. However, such an acquisition will pay for itself quite quickly in any case.

I don’t want to and I won’t?

In today's article we discussed whether we should pay for heating in the summer. Yes, such a fee is quite reasonable, because it helps reduce the burden of material costs placed on our wallets. However, in some cases, it is possible to agree with the service provider not to break down the annual cost of heating over 12 months and pay for it only after the fact. To do this, you need to renew the contract with utility service, in which the subscriber and supplier agree on a new schedule and monthly payment amount.