Posted On 04/04/2018
legally established maximum permissible physical loads per person, expressed in the mass of the load moved manually (in kg) or in units of external mechanical work per shift (in kgm). Such standards are legally established for women, persons under 18 years of age and certain categories of male workers. Carrying and movement by women and minors of weights exceeding the maximum norms established for them is prohibited (Part 3 of Article 160 and Part 3 of Article 175 of the Labor Code). The norms are maximum. permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually approved. by the Government of the Russian Federation on February 6, 1993 and include the following requirements: when lifting and moving heavy objects in cases where the work performed alternates with other work (up to 2 times per hour), the maximum permissible load weight is 10 kg; when lifting and moving heavy objects constantly during a shift - 7 kg; the amount of dynamic work performed during each hour of a work shift should not exceed: work surface- 1750 kgm, from the floor - 875 kgm. The weight of the lifted and moved cargo includes the weight of the container and packaging.
When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg. These standards are mandatory for use from the moment they are put into effect when developing project documentation by design, engineering and technological organizations. From this time on, the standards must also be observed at work where lifting and moving heavier weights manually is not required. technological processes or the characteristics of the machines and equipment used. As for organizations where the application of these standards requires preliminary measures to mechanize the work performed by women, they are allowed to gradually introduce standards for carrying and moving heavy loads manually. The standards approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 27, 1982, provide for maximum permissible weight 15 kg, with constant lifting and moving heavy objects during the work shift and when lifting heavy objects to a height of more than 1.5 m-10 kg. The total weight of goods moved during a work shift should not exceed 7000 kg. The load standard includes the weight of containers and packaging. When moving loads on trolleys or containers, the applied reinforcement is only allowed within 15 kg.
Limit standards for carrying and moving heavy objects by persons under 18 years of age approved. obligatory post People's Commissariat of Labor of the RSFSR dated March 4, 1921 and are: for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 16.4 kg, for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 10.25 kg. At the same time, it has been established that the carrying and movement of heavy objects by adolescents of both sexes within the limits of the specified norms is allowed only in those cases if they are directly related to the constant work performed by the adolescent. professional work and take up no more than 1/3 of their working time. Persons under the age of 18 should under no circumstances be assigned to work that consists solely of carrying or moving heavy objects weighing more than 4.1 kg. Limitations when lifting and carrying heavy objects for males are established by the rules for loading and unloading operations.
Notes:
STANDARDS FOR LIFTING AND HANDLING WEIGHTS MANUALLY
SEE MORE:
Standards for carrying weights manually for teenagers, women, men
For persons under 18 years of age, Resolution No. 7 of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated April 7, 1999 established standards for maximum permissible loads when lifting and moving heavy objects manually.
Notes:
1. Lifting and moving heavy objects within the specified standards is allowed if it is directly related to the permanent professional work performed.
How much weight, according to labor protection, can a man lift?
The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of containers and packaging.
3. When moving goods on carts or in containers, the applied force should not exceed:
- for boys 14 years old – 12 kg, 15 years old – 15 kg, 16 years old – 20 kg, 17 years old – 24 kg.
- for girls 14 years old - 4 kg, 15 years old - 5kg, 16 years old - 7kg, 17 years old - 8kg.
4. For men, the following standards are established for the maximum permissible load when lifting and moving heavy objects manually.
When carrying heavy loads by loaders at a distance of up to 25 m, it is allowed for men maximum load 50 kg, for boys aged 16 to 18 years - 16 kg; the following cargoes: bulk (gravel, clay, sand, grain, vegetables, etc.), lightweight (empty containers, fruits in small packages, etc.), piece goods (brick, etc.), lumber (stock , planks, boards, slats, etc.);
Carrying cargo by a loader is allowed weighing no more than 50 kg. If the weight of the cargo exceeds 50 kg, but not more than 80 kg, then carrying the cargo by a loader is allowed provided that the lifting (removal) of the load is carried out with the help of other loaders;
Loading and unloading operations should be performed by mechanized methods using lifting and transport equipment and mechanization. The mechanized method is mandatory for loads weighing more than 50 kg, as well as for lifting loads to a height of more than 3 m.
The movement of loads weighing more than 20 kg in the technological process must be carried out using built-in lifting and transport devices or mechanization. The movement of cargo in the technological process over a distance of more than 25 m must also be mechanized.
To move cargo from 80 to 500 kg (each place separately), loaders must be provided with the simplest equipment: wheelbarrows, carrying boards, haulers, trailers, trolleys, as well as auto- and electric forklifts, cargo cranes depending on the weight of the cargo.
To move cargo weighing 500 kg or more (each place separately), loaders must be provided with special mechanical devices: winches, blocks, jacks, forklifts, cranes and other mechanisms.
According to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Government Russian Federation dated February 6, 1993 No. 105 established the maximum permissible load standards for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually.
Lifting, carrying and moving heavy objects whose weight exceeds the established limits is prohibited.
When moving cargo in containers or on trolleys, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.
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To ensure safety, the resistance value of grounding devices should not exceed
OPTION #3
1. A set of information about flows and arrays of information characterizing the state of the ATK
A) technical support
B) technological support
C) software ^
D) metrological support
E) information support
2. Types of process alarms
A) diagrams about the state of the TOU and the operation of devices
B) warning, position, emergency
C) process and position signaling
D) emergency and command
E) command signaling and parameter status
3. According to the control method, the self-propelled guns are divided
A) regulating and stabilizing
B) optimizing and stabilizing
A) into closed, open and combined
B) with dispatch control and local
C) automatic and automated
4. A device designed to maintain the current value of a parameter equal to a given one
A) locking device
B) protection device
C) alarm device
D) automatic control device
E) control device
5. Purpose of the automation element
A) automatically control the entire technological process
B) convert the energy input into the element into output energy convenient for further processing
C) amplify the input signal and convert it into a form convenient for further processing
D) stabilize the voltage in the control circuits
E) control technological parameter transmit its changes to indicating devices
6. Basic definition of telemechanics
A) telecontrol of an object at a distance, remote and automatic
B) manual and remote control parameters of an object at a distance
C) transmission over a distance of the results of measurements of parameters of controlled objects
D) fixation of mechanisms and devices in a certain state during their operation
E) automatic transmission of control commands and information about the state of controlled objects over a distance
7. Sound alarm device
8. Diagram that allows you to obtain the information necessary to make connections within the switchboard
A) fundamental
B) functional
C) structural
D) installation
E) technological
9. Separator input parameters
A) drum rotation speed
B) amount of ore, amount of water, magnetic material content, degree
readiness of ore for enrichment
C) cake moisture, cake consumption
D) drying time, reagent consumption
E) coolant flow, gas temperature, material flow
10. Material consumption for a drum dryer is determined
A) amount of fuel
B) calorific value fuel
C) drum capacity
D) constant dryer performance
E) enterprise plan
11. PTS is not related to automation tasks
A) protection of electric motors
B) control of the presence of products on the belt
D) starting and stopping certain groups of units
E) belt slip
12. Chemical, biological, heat treatment applies
A) for processing reagents for ore beneficiation
B) for water purification at thermal power plants
C) for gas purification
E) for wastewater treatment
13. Thermal, chemical, biological treatment is applied
A) for wastewater treatment
B) for water purification at thermal power plants
C) for processing reagents for ore beneficiation
D) to neutralize toxic emissions
E) for gas purification
14. Steaming units are designed
A) for air heating premises and maintenance normal humidity air
B) to remove contaminated air from the room
C) to create the necessary air balance
D) to supply fresh air to the room
E) for supplying steam and hot water premises of a residential complex
15. When applying the technological characteristics of the equipment, problems arise
A) changes in output parameters
B) external disturbances at the TOU
C) internal disturbances
D) unit stop
E) changing operating parameters
16. A diagram reflecting with sufficient completeness and clarity the interconnection of individual devices, automation equipment and auxiliary equipment
A) functional
B) external connections
C) diagram general view shield
D) installation
E) electrical principle
17. Push-button switch
18. Technical document of the automation project, defining the rules for installing the ACS and equipping it with automation equipment
A) block diagram
B) circuit diagram
C) diagram on the floor plan of a workshop or enterprise
D) functional diagram
E) wiring diagram
19. The property of a system to maintain operability to the limit state
A) maintainability
B) warranty period
C) reliability
D) reliability
E) durability
20. Cybernetics is
A) there is no such concept in systems automatic control technological processes
B) automation of electric drives of mining machines and mechanisms using alternating current
C) automation of transport systems of sections and workshops at the enterprise
D) modeling in automation of self-adapting systems of living organisms
E) automation of technological processes of production management
21. Selecting a location for installing a temperature sensor at a thermal facility
A) important to avoid disturbances
B) is important because it is an explosive explosive device
C) not important
D) it will not affect the quality of control
E) is important, due to the large transport delay of the signal
When reducing the air supply to the burners of the roasting machine
A) combustion will improve
B) the machine will turn off immediately
C) nothing will change
D) the fuel supply valve will close
E) combustion will worsen
23. Scale when performing functional automation diagrams on drawings
A) observed for shields
B) must be observed
C) not observed for devices
D) not observed for equipment
E) Complied with equipment
24. The main advantage of asynchronous tachogenerator sensors
A) excitation from permanent magnets
B) excitation from electromagnets
C) excitation from the rotor electromagnet
D) its frequency does not depend on the rotor speed
E) its frequency depends on the rotor speed
25. Software- This
A) a set of descriptions of the functions and operating modes of the automated process control system, preparation of current instructions
B) a complex of mathematical methods, models and algorithms
C) description linguistic means communication between operational technological personnel
D) organizational measures aimed at ensuring the specified measurement accuracy
E) a set of programs and operational software documentation necessary to implement the functions of the automated process control system
Comprehensive indicator of the level of automation K = 0.65
A) sufficient level of automation
B) maximum level of automation
C) borderline automation
D) minimum level of automation
E) insufficient level of automation
27. The second letter in the graphic symbol of the device shows
A) functional characteristics of the device
B) measured quantity
C) type of alarm
D) characteristics of the device
E) measured parameter
28. Purpose of automated control system
A) to signal a violation of technological parameters
B) development of a control algorithm
C) control over the control object
D) collecting information about the control object
E) for the development and implementation of control actions on the TOU
29. Control devices receive information
A) from the working body
B) from the regulatory authority
C) from the actuator
D) from the control object
E) from the sensor
30. Control device information is received
A) from the control object
B) from the protection circuit
C) from the operator
D) from the regulatory authority
E) from the sensor
31. Reliability, maintainability, durability
A) characteristic of TOU
B) reliability indicators of self-propelled guns
C) economic factor of self-propelled guns
D) PPR indicators
E) communication line requirements
Standards for lifting and moving heavy objects manually
Sensor - secondary device
A) ATS diagram
B) mnemonic diagram at the operator's point
C) centralized control scheme
D) automated control system diagram
E) control channel diagram
33. T, V, W, S in the designation of the device on the functional diagram
A) temperature, speed, volume, humidity
B) time, speed, mass, thickness
C) temperature, voltage, energy, speed
D) time, volume, energy, speed
E) temperature, viscosity, mass, speed
34. Complex indicator of the level of automation K = 1
A) The self-propelled guns are not automated
B) Self-propelled guns with GOGU
C) the system is automatic
D) the system has a sufficient level of automation
E) normal
35. Reservation and underloading of circuit elements is
A) elements of technology
B) a way to improve reliability
C) repair methods
D) technical inspection methods
E) scheduled preventive maintenance
36. The synchronization windings of the synchronization switches are connected
A) triangle
B) sequentially
C) bridge circuit
D) parallel
E) star
Capacitor capacity in capacitive sensor depends on
B) mechanical stress acting on the plates
C) plate resistance
D) speed of movement of the plates
E) distance between plates
38. Accuracy class of converters "Megran -100"
39. The Metran-100 converter is powered by voltage
40. The value of the relay input signal at which the output signal changes from 0 to Usr
A) control factor
B) safety factor
C) return rate
D) release parameter
E) response parameter
41. Gas-filled reed relays are filled with gas
A) hydrogen
C) oxygen
42. Additional function of the PC controller 29
A) formation of PI - regulation law
B) digital indication of 1 of 4 signals
C) summation of various input signals
D) reference signal input
E) automatic and manual control
43. In hydraulic regulators, the carrier of energy and information is
C) ethyl alcohol
D) inert gas
E) transformer oil
44. The reciprocal of the gain Kp, expressed as a percentage, is
A) isodrome time, Ti
B) time constant of the regulated object, TO
C) limit of proportionality?
D) static characteristic
E) transfer function, W(p)
45. Type of mathematical relationship between output and input quantities in steady state
A) static characteristic
B) time response
C) overshoot
D) dynamic response
E) transfer function
46. A regulator that does not use energy from an external source
A) direct action
B) electric
C) pneumatic
D) indirect action
E) hydraulic
47. Intermittent regulators include
A) And - regulator
B) PI regulator
C) 1TID - regulator
D) P - regulator
E) positioner
48. A regulator in which a change in the output value occurs abruptly when the input value reaches a certain value
A) GTI - regulator
B) P-regulator
C) And - regulator
D) HYD regulator
E) positioner
49. Three-position thyristor amplifier U29 is used for:
A) indicating the position of the actuator shaft
B) PC 29 regulator power supply
C) switching the ATS control mode
D) reference signal input
E) actuator control
50. Device with which the operator sets the set value of the controlled variable
51. Non-contact reversing starter PBR - ZA is intended for
A) Vibration protection
B) control of an actuator with a single-phase electric motor
C) current protection FUCO
D) remote indication of the position of the actuator shaft
E) control of an actuator with a three-phase electric motor
52. An automatic control system in which the specified value of the controlled variable is unknown, but depends on some other value, is
A) discrete system
B) extreme regulation system
C) program control system
D) stabilization system
E) tracking system
53. Negative feedback
A) reduces the influence of input influence
B) does not change the influence of the input influence
C) increases the disturbing effect
D) increases the influence of the input influence
E) creates interference
54. Connection of links in which the output value of the previous link is the input of the subsequent one
A) counter
B) sequential
C) back-to-back with positive feedback
D) parallel
E) back-to-back with negative feedback
55. How many squares on the complex plane should Mikhailov’s hodograph go around,
if the characteristic equation of the system has the form: +Зр+1 = 0
56. Main structural element of the butterfly valve
A) canvas
C) rotary disk
D) bellows
57. Flow of liquid with a density of 1000, passed by the regulating
organ with a pressure drop across it of 0.1 MPa - this is
A) static characteristic
B) size
C) conditional passage
D) conditional capacity
E) throughput
58. The unit of measurement of the nominal passage of the regulatory body is
59. Nominal value bandwidth regulator at maximum shutter stroke
A) nominal bore
B) size
C) conditional capacity
D) static characteristic
E) throughput
60. A regulating body is used to regulate fluid flow
A) gearbox
C) butterfly valve
D) dispenser
61. Main structural element of the control valve
C) bellows
D) rotary disk
E) canvas
62. Ferromagnets are substances that have the property
A) do not conduct electric current
B) accumulate static charges
C) become deformed
D) magnetize
E) form charges on the surface
63. Pneumatic elements of automation systems use a signal in the form
A) frequencies
B) oil pressure
C) voltage
E) compressed air pressure
64. In pneumatic converters, the main element is
A) flapper nozzle
B) jet tube
C) permanent magnet
D) inductor
E) variable resistor
Symbol pneumatic element on
circuit diagrams means
A) compressed air supply
B) nozzle-flap element
D) variable pneumatic throttle
E) constant pneumatic throttle
66. Symbol on pneumatic principle
diagrams means
A) constant throttle
C) air outlet to atmosphere
D) nozzle-flap element
F) compressed air supply
67. Element not related to actuator MEO type
A) BSPT sensor block
B) microswitches
C) electric motor
D) pneumatic valve
E) gearbox
68. Relay designed to protect the electric motor from overload
A) neutral
B) electrodynamic
C) polarized
E) electrothermal
69. The operating principle of an electromagnetic relay is based on
A) using the piezoelectric effect
B) exposure magnetic field fixed winding onto a moving ferromagnetic element
C) using the strain gauge effect
D) magnetic flux compensation principle
E) the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
70. The "Megran -100 DC" converter is designed to measure
A) barometric pressure
B) overpressure
C) absolute pressure
D) vacuum
E) pressure drop
71. A heating element electrothermal relay is included in the circuit
A) parallel to the control circuit
B) can be connected both in parallel and in series
C) in series to the control circuit
O) parallel to the power circuit of the electric motor E) series to the power circuit of the electric motor
72. In a polarized relay, the direction of the traction force, and therefore the movement of the armature, depends on
A) from the design of the relay contacts
B) from the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet
C) on the current value of the working winding
D) on the presence of current supplied to the working winding of the relay
E) on the polarity of the voltage supplied to the working winding of the relay
73. A device in which, with a smooth change in the input signal, an abrupt change (switching) of the output signal occurs
A) stabilizer
C) amplifier
D) actuator
E) master
74. Normal working hours in the Republic of Kazakhstan should not exceed
A) 40 hours per week
B) 38 hours a week
C) 36 hours a week
D) 41 hours per week
E) 24 hours a week
75. Length of the working week for persons aged 14 to 16 years
A) no more than 24 hours
B) no more than 38 hours
C) no more than 36 hours
D) no more than 41 hours
E) no more than 40 hours
76. Length of the working week for persons employed in hazardous and hazardous work hazardous conditions labor
A) no more than 41 hours
B) no more than 24 hours
C) no more than 40 hours
D) no more than 38 hours
E) no more than 36 hours
77. The length of the working week for persons aged 16 to 18 years should be
A) no more than 36 hours
B) no more than 38 hours
C) no more than 24 hours
D) no more than 40 hours
E) no more than 41 hours
78. During daily work (work shift), the employee must be given one break for rest and meal of duration
A) no more than two hours
B) at least half an hour
C) no more than one hour
D) no more than half an hour
E) at least one hour
79. The duration of additional paid annual leave provided to employees employed in hard work, work with harmful (especially harmful) and (or) dangerous working conditions
A) at least 5 calendar days
B) at least 3 calendar days
C) at least 12 calendar days
D) at least 10 calendar days
E) at least 6 calendar days
80. A set of works aimed at restoring the productivity and economic value of disturbed lands, as well as improving conditions environment in accordance with the interests of society
A) land irrigation
B) land reclamation
C) land cultivation
D) land integration
E) land compensation
81. Self-purification of the natural environment means
A) the cycle of substances in nature
B) reducing the release of pollutants into the environment
C) normalization of ecological conditions of habitats
D) processes occurring in nature
E) nature’s ability to self-purify itself from polluting technological, household and other substances
82. An air purification device in which dust deposition occurs! under the influence of electrical forces is called
A) reactor
B) electrolyte
C) electric catcher
D) electrostatic precipitator
E) capacitor
A harmful production factor is a production factor whose impact on the employee
A) cannot cause temporary or permanent disability or death
B) may result in temporary or permanent disability or death
C) excluded or its level does not exceed safety standards;
D) cannot lead to illness or decreased ability to work and (or) a negative impact on the health of the offspring.
E) may lead to illness or decreased ability to work and (or) a negative impact on the health of the offspring;
84. A method of normalizing the atmosphere, which consists of binding dust with water, salt solutions, petroleum products, petroleum products, foam
A) dust collection
B) dust deposition
C) dust protection
D) dust formation
E) dust suppression
In order to protect the health of workers, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation limits the employment of certain categories of citizens when carrying heavy loads.
Chapter 41. Article 253.
... It is prohibited to employ women in jobs that involve manually lifting and moving heavy loads that exceed the maximum permissible standards for them.
Lists of industries, jobs and positions with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in which the use of women’s labor is limited, and maximum permissible load standards for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually are approved in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian Tripartite Commission on the regulation of social and labor relations (as amended by the Federal Law of June 30, 2006 N 90-FZ - Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 27, Art. 2878).
Chapter 42. Article 265.
... Carrying and movement by workers under the age of
Eighteen years of hardships exceeding those established for them
Limit standards. The list of jobs in which the employment of workers under the age of eighteen is prohibited, as well as the maximum weight standards are approved in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian Tripartite Commission for the Regulation of Social and Labor Relations.
The standards for maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually were approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on February 6, 1993 and include the following requirements: when lifting and moving heavy objects in cases where the work performed alternates with other work (up to 2 times per hour), the maximum permissible cargo weight is 10 kg; when lifting and moving heavy objects constantly during a shift - 7 kg; the amount of dynamic work performed during each hour of a work shift should not exceed: from the working surface - 1750 kgm, from the floor - 875 kgm.
The weight of the lifted and moved cargo includes the weight of the container and packaging. When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg. These standards are mandatory for use from the moment they are put into effect when developing project documentation by design, engineering and technological organizations. From this time on, the standards must also be observed in work where lifting and moving heavy loads manually is not due to technological processes or the characteristics of the machines and equipment used.
As for organizations where the application of these standards requires preliminary measures to mechanize the work performed by women, they are allowed to gradually introduce standards for carrying and moving heavy loads manually.
The standards approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 27, 1982, stipulate in cases of lifting and moving heavy objects manually when alternating this work with another, a maximum permissible weight of 15 kg, with constant lifting and moving heavy objects during a work shift and when lifting heavy objects at height more than 1.5 m-10 kg. The total weight of goods moved during a work shift should not exceed 7000 kg. The load standard includes the weight of containers and packaging. When moving loads on trolleys or containers, the applied reinforcement is only allowed within 15 kg. Limit standards for carrying and moving heavy objects by persons under 18 years of age approved. mandatory decree of the People's Commissariat of Labor of the RSFSR dated March 4, 1921 and are: for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 16.4 kg, for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 10.25 kg. At the same time, it has been established that the carrying and movement of heavy objects by adolescents of both sexes within the specified norms is allowed only in cases where they are directly related to the permanent professional work performed by the adolescent and take up no more than a third of their working time. Persons under the age of 18 should under no circumstances be assigned to work that consists solely of carrying or moving heavy objects weighing more than 4.1 kg.
Restrictions on lifting and carrying heavy objects for males are established by the rules of loading and unloading operations. In accordance with the Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and working tools (SP 2.2.2.1327-03), approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on May 23, 2003, and the Guidelines for Hygienic Assessment of Factors working environment and the labor process. The criteria and classification of working conditions (R 2.2.2006-05), approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on July 29, 2005 (these regulatory legal acts have higher legal force compared to POT RM 007-98), the maximum permissible weight of the load when lifting and moving (one-time) weights when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) for men is: up to 15 kg ( optimal conditions labor - light physical activity);
Up to 30 kg (permissible working conditions - average physical activity); up to 35 kg (harmful working conditions - hard work of the 1st degree); more than 35 kg (harmful working conditions - hard work of the 2nd degree), and the maximum permissible load weight for men when lifting and moving (one-time) weights constantly during a work shift is: up to 5 kg (optimal working conditions - light physical activity); up to 15 kg (permissible working conditions - average physical activity); up to 20 kg (harmful working conditions - hard work of the 1st degree); more than 20 kg (harmful working conditions - hard work of the 2nd degree).
Standards for Lifting and Moving Heavy Materials Manually established by law are the maximum permissible physical loads per person, expressed in the mass of the load moved manually (in kg) or in units of external mechanical work per shift (in kgm). Such standards are legally established for women, persons under 18 years of age and certain categories of male workers. The carrying and movement by women and minors of weights exceeding the maximum standards established for them is prohibited (Part 3 of Article 160 and Part 3 of Article 175 of the Labor Code). The norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually are approved. by the Government of the Russian Federation on February 6, 1993 and include the following requirements: when lifting and moving heavy objects in cases where the work performed alternates with other work (up to 2 times per hour), is 10 kg; when lifting and moving heavy objects constantly during a shift - 7 kg; dynamic work performed during each hour of a work shift should not exceed: from the working surface - 1750 kgm, from the floor - 875 kgm. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes containers and packaging. When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg. These standards are mandatory for use from the moment they are put into effect when developing project documentation by design, engineering and technological organizations. From this time on, the standards must also be observed in work where lifting heavy weights manually is not due to technological processes or the characteristics of the machines and equipment used. As for organizations where the application of these standards requires preliminary measures to mechanize the work performed by women, they are allowed to gradually introduce standards for carrying and moving heavy loads manually. The standards approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 27, 1982, stipulate in cases of lifting and moving heavy objects manually when alternating this work with another, a maximum permissible weight of 15 kg, with constant lifting and moving heavy objects during a work shift and when lifting heavy objects to a height of more than 1.5m-10kg. The total weight of goods moved during a work shift should not exceed 7000 kg. The load standard includes the weight of containers and packaging. When moving loads on trolleys or containers, the applied reinforcement is only allowed within 15 kg. Limit standards for carrying and moving heavy objects by persons under 18 years of age approved. obligatory post People's Commissariat of Labor of the RSFSR dated March 4, 1921 and are: for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 16.4 kg, for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 10.25 kg. At the same time, it has been established that the carrying and movement of heavy objects by adolescents of both sexes within the specified norms is allowed only in cases where they are directly related to the permanent professional work performed by the adolescent and take up no more than 1/3 of their working time. Persons under the age of 18 should under no circumstances be assigned to work that consists solely of carrying or moving heavy objects weighing more than 4.1 kg. Limitations when lifting and carrying heavy objects for males are established by the rules for loading and unloading operations.
Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001.
Industry standard instructions on labor protectionat manual movement cargo
1. General safety requirements
1.1.In an educational institution, persons who do not have health problems or physical contraindications are allowed to work related to the manual movement of goods.
1.2. When moving loads manually, it is necessary to comply with the norms of maximum permissible loads.
Standards of maximum permissible loads for persons under 18 years of age when lifting and moving heavy objects manually
| Labor severity indicators | Boys | Girls | ||||||||||
| 14
years |
15 years | 16
years |
17 years | 14
years |
15
years |
16
years |
17
years |
|||||
| Manually lifting and moving loads continuously throughout the work shift | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Lifting and moving loads manually for no more than 1/3 of a work shift (kg): | ||||||||||||
| - constantly (more than 2 times per hour) | 6 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||
| - when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) | 12 | 15 | 20 | 24 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | ||||
| Total mass of cargo moved during the shift (kg): | ||||||||||||
| - lifting from the work surface | 400 | 500 | 1000 | 1500 | 180 | 200 | 400 | 500 | ||||
| - lifting from the floor | 200 | 250 | 500 | 700 | 90 | 100 | 200 | 250 | ||||
1.3. In the absence of mechanical means, it is allowed to carry heavy loads alone for men 18 years of age and older - up to 50 kg. Loading and unloading of cargo weighing from 30 to 50 kg should be done using small-scale mechanization (hand trucks).
1.4. Before being allowed to work when moving heavy loads manually, each employee must be given targeted training if this type work is not the main work activity.
Norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually
1.5. If moving heavy loads manually is the main work activity of an employee, then the following must be carried out with him:
Introductory briefing upon entry to work;
Initial training at the workplace;
Repeated training at the workplace at least once every 6 months;
If necessary, related to changes in working conditions, long breaks in work, or violation of labor protection rules, unscheduled instruction may be carried out.
The employee must undergo training with subsequent testing of knowledge of Interindustry rules on labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo.
1.1. When entering a job with constant manual movement of goods, the employee must undergo a preliminary medical examination, and subsequently periodic medical examinations within the time limits established by the Russian Ministry of Health.
1.2. When manually moving cargo, you should remember that due to failure to comply with the requirements set out in this Instruction, the requirements for compliance with the work and rest regime, and safety requirements when carrying out loading and unloading operations, the following dangers may arise:
Injury from transported cargo in boxes, boxes, packages, etc.;
Hypothermia or overheating of the body;
Injuries caused by unsatisfactory condition of transition paths;
Uncomfortable working posture caused by a significant tilt of the body;
The severity of the work performed.
1.3. In accordance with regulatory legal acts on labor protection, when manually moving loads, the employee must be given the following personal protective equipment: a cotton suit or cotton robe, combined mittens, leather boots. During the cold season, an additional cotton jacket with an insulated lining is provided.
1.4. When moving loads manually, the following requirements must be met: fire safety:
Smoking only in designated areas and marked with a “Smoking Area” sign;
Know the location and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.5. Report all observed violations of fire safety, safety and industrial sanitation requirements that pose a danger to the lives of workers or are a prerequisite for any type of emergency to the head of the institution or a representative of the administration and take appropriate actions in compliance with personal safety measures.
1.6. The employee must know the place where the first aid kit with medicines and dressings is located, and be able to provide first aid to victims of various types damage to the body (bruises, wounds, thermal burns, etc.).
1.7. When manually moving goods by a supervisor educational institution An employee must be assigned to supervise safety if loads are moved by students.
1.8. The victim or eyewitnesses are obliged to notify the immediate supervisor about each accident during loading and unloading operations after providing the victim with first aid and other emergency measures.
1.9. Knowledge and compliance with the requirements of this Instruction is the official responsibility of the employee, and failure to comply with them is a violation of labor discipline, which entails liability measures established by the legislation of the Russian Federation (disciplinary, material, criminal).
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Before starting work, the employee must put on (fasten, tie, tuck in) the required protective clothing, safety shoes and other equipment. personal protection so that there are no dangling, fluttering ends. Workers in unkempt, dirty clothes are not allowed to work.
2.2. Inspect carefully work area and transitions. In case of unsatisfactory maintenance (clutter, disorderly storage), it is necessary to prepare workplace to perform the work.
2.3. Clear areas of walkways and platforms. Mark the boundaries of the area for stowing the transported cargo.
2.4. There should be no holes, potholes, significant slopes, foreign objects, or slippery spots on the platforms and walkways; the platform and paths must be hard-surfaced.
2.5. Lighting on tracks and storage areas must be sufficient for safe work(at least 10 lux).
3. Safety requirements during operation
3.1. When moving cargo, the employee must be extremely careful and comply with the safety requirements appropriate to the working conditions.
3.2. Cargo in containers, boxes, crates and other packaging may have traumatic properties: sharp, “torn” edges, piercing, cutting elements; the possibility of large objects (up to 20 kg) slipping out of the hands.
3.3. Carrying work is carried out only with the permission of an official.
3.4. Large and heavy loads must be moved using mechanical transport trolleys. Cargo hand trucks must be in good working order, stable, easy to control and have handrails for ease of movement.
3.5. It is not allowed to store cargo in bulk, close to the walls of the room. The gap must be at least 25 cm. Storage areas must be prepared in a timely manner.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. In the event of an emergency or its prerequisites (specific odors, activation fire alarm etc.) immediately stop the work started, report the situation to the immediate supervisor (official) and nearby employees. In the event of a fire, act in accordance with the fire safety instructions in force in the organization.
4.2. When eliminating an emergency situation, you should act strictly according to the instructions of the head of the institution or his representatives, observing personal safety measures.
4.3. The employee must be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment. It should be remembered that when extinguishing fires in electrical installations, you need to use carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. Their location must be known to each employee in advance.
4.4. The employee must be able to provide first aid to victims in an emergency. The type of first aid depends on the nature of the damage to the body and the severity of the damage. When starting to provide first aid, the rescuer must clearly know the rules and techniques of specific first aid to the victim.
4.5. Victim from electric current, regardless of his well-being and absence of complaints, he should definitely be sent to a medical institution. For other types of injury, the victim is usually sent to a medical facility. The exception is cases of complete preservation of the normal functioning of the human body.
5. Safety requirements after completion of work
5.1. After completing loading and unloading operations, the employee must make sure that the cargo is stored safely (stable stability, possibility of free access, etc.). After this, it is necessary to inspect the work site.
5.2. Place the cargo hand truck in the designated place.
5.3. Take off your overalls and hang them in the closet. If it is dirty, dusty, or torn, have it repaired and washed.
5.4. Wash your hands and face thoroughly with soap. If possible, it is recommended to take a shower.
All comments related to the safety of loading and unloading operations (even if they are potential in nature) must be reported in a timely manner to the immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to the official
The Ministry of Labor has approved new standards for moving heavy objects in the workplace. So, for women they are fixed at 15 kilograms. The department is confident that the new standards will help reduce occupational injuries and increase the professionalism of workers. How to properly take on additional weight and how this can affect your health, the correspondent found out Olga Belyaeva.
Labor Code norms, adopted back in the mid-90s, ordered women to lift weights by hand weighing no more than 7 kilograms, and move on a cart no more than 10. The maximum permissible norm when lifting weights should not exceed 15 kilograms, and if the load was lifted to a height of more one and a half meters, then it dropped to 10 kilograms. The new norms allow women to lift 15 kilograms at a time, and men - 50.
The fact is that industry instructions allowed women to lift weights and more significant ones - 20, and in some cases - up to 50 kilograms, the Deputy Director of the Department of Labor Conditions and Safety of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation explained to us Tatyana Zhigastova. But they were advisory in nature. The minister's order is mandatory. And fixing the 15-kilogram bar is a step towards women engaged in hard work.
"Loading operations are carried out in compliance with the utmost acceptable standards: for women - no more than 15 kilograms per single lift. In 1982, she was also 15 kilograms, but when alternating with other work. And in 1932, standards allowed women to carry up to 20 kilograms on a flat surface, and up to 50 kilograms on a wheeled wheelbarrow.”
Director of the Institute of Social Policy of the Higher School of Economics Sergey Smirnov doubts that in conditions of moving heavy objects.
“It can be written down as a kind of guarantee, but you can’t put scales at every workplace during loading and unloading. And then - the same employer can always agree with the same woman that she lifts 17 kilograms - well, such packaging, let’s say. Will it be will the fine system work? To be honest, I doubt it.”
Be that as it may, heavy physical activity affects the health of workers. And doctors urge people to remember the danger of diseases such as osteochondrosis, vertebral hernia, joint diseases, varicose veins, and heart failure. The female body is generally incompatible with moving heavy objects, says gynecologist, director of the Women's Medical Center Tatiana Kuznetsova.
“My opinion is that it is not recommended for a woman to carry more than 5 kilograms. And 15 kilograms is a lot. This can lead to dysfunction of the spine, to intervertebral hernias. And most importantly, to prolapse of the genital organs.”
Previously, the standards for moving heavy loads specifically stipulated the working conditions of teenagers: they were not recommended to lift a load of more than 4 kilograms and carry heavy loads for more than a third of the working time. A new order from the Minister of Labor excludes persons under 18 years of age from the list of longshoremen. Those admitted to loading and unloading operations are recommended to undergo a mandatory medical examination and carefully study the labor safety leaflet.
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22.02.2019, 10:07
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