Bitumen shingles are a popular and sought-after type roofing. If in appearance it resembles traditional clay dies, then it is attached to the roof like roll material. However, it is not necessary to fasten bitumen shingles with ordinary hardware. For installation, special nails with wide heads and notches are used. This is the only reliable fastener for installing bitumen roofing material.
What nails are best to use for bitumen shingles?
Nails for bitumen shingles are the most convenient and common type of hardware. They are perfect for attaching material to moisture-resistant OSB boards, wooden sheathing, etc. The same hardware is suitable for installation work on those roofs where insulation will be carried out from the inside in the future, as well as where it is planned to install non-operational technical room, that is, sharp protruding spears will not harm anyone. All types of tiles and other elements are mounted with nails.
For flexible tiles, hardware with large heads with a diameter of 8-12 mm is used. Otherwise they are called tar paper. The length varies between 25-40 mm. The diameter of the rods reaches 3.2 mm. For conventional roofing, the size of bituminous tile nails used is 30x10x2.5 mm. To design ribs and hips and to install some types of bitumen shingles, nails 30 cm long may be required. They must have notches on the rod.
Galvanized products are better suited for tiling. Their service life is much longer than that of steel ones, because they are coated with an anti-corrosion compound and during operation do not leave rusty stains on the tiles.
Installation
Even if the tiles have an adhesive backing, you will still need additional installation nails. Double fixation with glue and nails will be more reliable.
The traditional method of fastening roofing material is to hammer in nails. The nail must be driven strictly perpendicular to the plane so that its head fits tightly to the surface of the material. If it is not completely clogged, then after a while it may come out due to exposure to wind and rain. Fasteners driven in with too much force can leave a dimple in the shingle and pierce the head of the shingle, creating a hole. Such a fastening will not be reliable enough.
How many nails are needed for bitumen shingles?
To fasten one tile sheet, four nails are required, which are driven at a distance of 14 cm 5 mm above the bottom border, as well as 2 and a half centimeters from the edge. On some types of tiles there is a specially marked line indicating the location of the fasteners. It is imperative to take into account the roof slope when calculating. With a roof slope of up to 45 degrees, 4 nails per sheet of tile will be sufficient. When the roof slope is from 45 degrees to 90 degrees, you need to use up to 6 nails for fastening. Approximate consumption of nails per 1 sq.m. bitumen shingles is considered as 80 g of nails.
To attach ridge/eaves tiles you will need 4 nails. The valley and underlay carpet are attached around the perimeter in increments of 20-25 cm. Metal parts are fixed in a checkerboard pattern with fastening increments of 15-20 cm. Do not skimp on nails, even if you attach the tiles to the adhesive layer. Good fastener- the key to the reliability and durability of the roof.
On average, the consumption of nails for bitumen shingles must be calculated from the following ratio: per hundred square meters finished roof it takes 10 kg of hardware. This amount also takes into account the installation of the roof itself and its components. Therefore, just correctly calculate the roof area.
If there are 5 kg of nails in a package, then you can calculate the number of packages as follows: multiply the roof area by a factor of 0.1 and divide by 5. Round the resulting value upward to a whole number. You will receive the result - the number of packages of roofing nails with a reserve that you need to buy for roofing work.
Bituminous shingles are lightweight roofing materials. Due to its light weight, a powerful and expensive rafter system is not required. At the same time, in appearance it can easily be confused with ceramics or other natural material- the special shape and color give the roof volume and expressiveness. And the variety of shapes and colors makes it easy to fit it into the interior of your home.
What is soft tile
This roofing material attracts the attention of buyers with its appearance. Its main feature is the imitation of classic natural coatings, as well as a wide variety of colors. Despite the fact that the material itself is thin - only 3-5 mm, the roof looks voluminous. This visual effect is achieved by combining different shades when making bitumen shingles. And if a two-layer roof is used on the roof, it can easily be mistaken for ceramic.
Another feature is the ease of installation on roofs of complex shapes. Firstly, an excellent visual effect is obtained, and secondly, the amount of waste will be minimal. For example, metal tiles will have many times more of them. Another plus is the reliability of the coating in places with a high risk of leaks, for example, on valleys, ribs and junctions.
The main strength of the material is given by its base - fiberglass. Elasticity and water resistance are ensured by the use of modified bitumen. And the original appearance- colored mineral chips.
Advantages of the material:
- Chic appearance, variety of colors and shapes.
- A light weight.
- Easy to install - you can do it yourself.
- Doesn't make noise when it rains, isn't afraid of hail.
- Suitable for almost all types of roofs, produces little waste during installation.
- Does not rot, does not corrode.
- Does not conduct electricity.
- Sealed. Forms a solid waterproof carpet on the roof.
- Requires ventilation.
- High price.
- Bituminous roofing requires a solid base and an underlayment for installation.
- Does not tolerate strong temperature changes.
- Not durable (this does not apply to all types of roofing; for top collections, manufacturers provide a 60-year guarantee)
- It can be mounted at temperatures from +5 to + 25 degrees.
In addition, soft roofing requires maintenance. At least once a year you need to clean it from dirt, moss, etc., and also check for cracks after summer and winter.
Important! To move along the roof, special manholes are made, because if you walk on bitumen shingles in the heat, they can be damaged.
Shingles weight
This material is classified as lightweight, which has a positive effect on cost rafter system. Installation of the roof is also not a problem - the light weight of the shingles allows one person to handle them. Moreover, its size is only 100 * 0.33 mm.
The weight of the roof varies depending on the shingle shape and manufacturer. It ranges from 7-25 kg. The heaviest is a three-layer roof. But don’t think that the lighter the material, the better. The average weight of shingles of acceptable quality is 12-15 kg/m2.
When calculating the roof, it is worth taking into account the weight of the lining carpet - 0.5-1 kg per square meter. The weight of the nails is about 100 g.
Roof characteristics
Its main component is bitumen, hence the name. Several types are used in the manufacture of shingles:
- Oxidized. Afraid of sudden temperature changes, best suited for warm climates.
- APP bitumen. It is heat-resistant, does not fade in the sun, and is resistant to chemicals.
- SBS modified. This type of bitumen is frost-resistant, elastic, not afraid of temperature changes, and durable.
For the production of bitumen roofing, SBS modified bitumen is most often used. It is best suited to our climatic conditions.
For the top layer of a soft roof, two types of decorative powder are used:
- Basalt. The most common, the color of this powder is achieved by firing, and its more streamlined shape allows it to adhere better to the tiles.
- Slate. Painted chemically, adheres worse to shingles, can absorb resins contained in bitumen and lose color.
Advice! It is better to make a choice in favor of basalt powder - in addition to color, it has better technical properties. In addition, the durability of the roof depends on this layer.
There are two classes of material in terms of strength:
- “A” - durable fiberglass is used as the basis, which provides high technical characteristics to the roof. The maximum warranty from the manufacturer reaches 100 years.
- “C” - the base of the roof is made of cellulose, so strength and durability are less. The maximum warranty period is 15 years.
Types of tiles
There are: - Single-layer bitumen shingles.
- Double layer.
- Three-layer.
In fact, multi-layer shingles are single-layer sheets glued together. The main advantages of multi-layer shingles:
- Appearance. Such tiles look richer and more voluminous.
- Easier to install.
- More reliable, better resistant to wind, you can walk on it during installation.
- More warranty from the manufacturer.
At the same time, the cost of a multi-layer roof is usually only 20-50% more. And the weight of the roof will approximately double.
Form
Many manufacturers have specific forms of shingles, but there are also standard varieties:
- Rectangular.
- Oval.
- Honeycomb shaped.
- Diamond-shaped.
- Brick.
- Shingles.
In addition to appearance, the weight of the material per 1 m2 depends on the shape of the shingles.
By appointment it happens:
- Ordinary shingle.
- Ridge-cornice - with perforations for convenient division into small tiles that cover the ridges and ribs.
Some collections provide only regular shingles. This is not a problem - elements of any necessary shape can be easily cut out from them.
General installation rules
Naturally, in order for the roof to serve its warranty period without problems and even beyond, you need to follow certain rules when installing it.
- The roof must have a high-quality base, including insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier and ventilation.
- Because shingles have different shades, all manufacturers recommend mixing the contents of 5-6 packages before installation. This allows you to obtain a uniform color coating on the roof.
- On the same surface, it is advisable to use roofing from the same batch with the same color code.
- At street temperatures below +5 C, the roofing material should be stored in a warm room and taken out in small batches, and during installation the bottom layer should be heated with a hair dryer.
- To avoid damaging the shingles when adjusting the sheets on the roof, you need to use a wooden backing to cut them.
- Do not store the material in the open sun - it will spread and stick together.
Advice! During installation, it is better to place the shingles with the adhesive side up, otherwise they may stick to the roof from heating in the sun.
Roof care
A soft roof will serve for a long time and reliably if it is properly cared for. There are no particular difficulties in this:
- It is necessary to carry out periodic inspection of the roof. Best in spring and autumn.
- It is best to remove debris with a soft brush or simply rinse with water. This must be done from top to bottom.
- Clean out tides.
- If there are large accumulations of snow, it must be cleared off. In this case, it is advisable to leave a layer of 10-15 cm on the roof so as not to damage the tiles.
- Inspect junctions and passage elements at least once a year.
A short video about the shortcomings of the roof:
Soft roofing has long been popular among homeowners. Solid appearance, wide range of colors and choice different forms allow you to issue without any problems modern house. The bitumen roof has high specifications and, having covered the roof with it, you can forget about repairs for a long time. At the same time, you should not save too much when buying shingles - cheap material will last 10-15 years, after which it will require replacement.
The popularity of flexible tiles is rapidly gaining momentum. This roofing material has a lot of advantages, which have provided it with a whole army of admirers. The coating is characterized by high aesthetic performance, reliability, and durability. Flexible tiles are great for complex roof structures that are not easy to design with rigid materials. It is easy to install. The coating is created using special mastic and roofing nails. It is worth paying attention to the preliminary calculation of the consumption of these materials. This will avoid unnecessary costs and eliminate the need to stop installation due to a lack of nails or mastic.
Mastic consumption during installation soft roof
In the installation of flexible roofing materials, bitumen-polymer mastic is used. This product is made on the basis of bitumen with the inclusion of:
- styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer,
- filler,
- solvent,
- technological additions.
The material is a homogeneous adhesive mass that reliably fixes sheets of tiles on brick, metal, wooden surfaces. Mastic can be packaged in cartridges or metal cans. The material is applied with a spatula; a special rolling roller eliminates the appearance of bubbles and folds.
The thickness of the mastic layer should not exceed 1 millimeter. Do not dilute the product with solvents, as this will cause swelling and smudges. The approximate consumption of this material depends on the area of application.
In sealing the junctions of sheets, approximately 750 g are spent per linear meter; in the end sections, about 100 g of mastic is consumed per linear meter; in creating the valley carpet, 400 g of material is used per linear meter. These standards will help you make an accurate calculation of product consumption and purchase the right amount of mastic.
Consumption of nails in creating a roof made of flexible tiles
Flexible tiles are fixed to the base with special roofing nails. These fasteners are distinguished by large diameter caps. This design feature eliminates material rupture and guarantees high-quality pressing of the sheet to the base. Roofing nails are made of steel alloys and coated with a layer of zinc to prevent rust. The required number of nails can be calculated based on the number of sheets of tiles or roof area.
If the slope of the slopes is up to 45°, each shingle is fixed with four nails. To create a roofing covering on roofs with slopes greater than 45°, tile tiles are secured with six fasteners. This guarantees reliable fixation and prevents damage to the roof during strong gusts of wind. You can calculate the approximate consumption of roofing nails based on the roof area. Experts recommend purchasing fasteners in quantities of 256 grams per 1 m2.
Fans of accurate calculations of the consumption of all materials in creating a soft roof can use a special computer program. Data used:
- geometric shape of tiles;
- the direction in which installation will be carried out;
- useful width of tiles;
- the size of overlaps, eaves overhangs, ridge ceilings.
Entering these indicators into the program allows you to calculate the required materials and get the result.
All of the above methods allow you to plan upcoming expenses and determine the amount of materials. However, practice shows that the most accurate calculations can only be made by qualified specialists. It is worth entrusting this work to professionals.
METAL ACCESSORIES
Cornice strip KP-1/KP-2 (red, green, brown) is installed on all cornice overhangs; end strips PT-1/PT-2 along the entire length of the roof ends; PP-1/PP-2 junction strips are installed at the junction of the roof and the walls.
When calculating the required number of metal accessories, it should be taken into account that their standard length is 2 m, installation is carried out with an overlap of 2 cm.
BITUMEN TILES.
Determine the area - the sum of the areas of all its segments.
Each package of bitumen shingles contains 3 sq.m. already finished roofing carpet (taking into account the overlap during installation). Package weight – 24 kg. When calculating the required number of tiles, in order to avoid problems caused by insufficient material, it is necessary to take into account the coefficient corresponding to the complexity of the roof. On the most complex roofs it does not exceed 1.05 (5%).
RIDGE-CORNICE TILES.
Ridge/eaves tiles have rectangular shape. The size of one ridge/eaves tile is 1000x250 mm. Cornice and ridge tiles are universal and are designed in such a way that they can be used in both cases. When the tile is used as a cornice (starter), it is used entirely and mounted in a joint. In the case of using tiles as ridge tiles, each sheet is divided into three parts by notches, the size of each part is 330x250 mm. The tiles are installed on the ridge with an overlap. One package of ridge/cornice tiles is enough to install 12 linear meters of ridge, or 20 linear meters of cornice.
VALLEY CARPET.
The valley carpet is intended for reliable waterproofing internal roof fractures (valleys), most susceptible to snow and rain loads, as well as sealing junctions with vertical walls and pipes.
(If the roof ridge is a convex corner, then the “valley” is concave, and this corner must be covered with a valley carpet before the main installation.)
There is no special calculation for the valley carpet as such, because taken along the length directly (10 m in a roll 1 m wide).
ROOFING NAILS.
When arranging the roof, galvanized nails with an enlarged head of 30x10x2.5 mm are used. When installing the roof, all elements of the roofing system have a double fixation - due to the adhesive layer and due to fixation with nails. At slope angles up to 45°, each shingle shingle is secured with 4 nails; if the slope is steeper than 45°, then the consumption increases to 6 nails per shingle.
Ridge/eaves tiles are secured with 4 nails.
The valley carpet and lining carpet are fixed around the perimeter in increments of 20-25 cm.
Metal components are fixed with nails in a checkerboard pattern in increments of 15-20 cm. The weight of the nails in the package is 5 kg.
The consumption of nails in the complex can be estimated as:
BITUMEN MASTIC.
It should be noted that bitumen mastic is used for gluing valleys, sealing eaves overhangs, end parts and junctions with walls and pipes. Accordingly, the more complex the roof, the more mastic is needed. Packing of bitumen mastic – 10 kg.
Consumption rates:
For the end parts it is used - 100 g per 1 m.p.
For valley carpet - 400 g per 1 m.p.
For sealing joints - 750 g per 1 m.p.
We advise you to draw the attention of your customers that increased glue consumption than the given standards does not lead to improved adhesion, therefore it is recommended to adhere to the consumption rates of bitumen mastic and not exceed it.
ROOF VENTILATION.
To ensure ventilation of the under-roof space, it is necessary to install a ventilation ridge. And in those places of the roof where there is no ridge, you need to install ventilation elements (aerators): “Standard” (for a roof slope of more than 60°) or “Special” (~1 piece per 20 m2 of roof, taken into account according to the roof design). At least one ventilation element must be installed on each roof slope (but not less than 1 for every 60 square meters of roof).
It is rapidly gaining momentum. This roofing material has a lot of advantages, which have provided it with a whole army of admirers. The coating is characterized by high aesthetic performance, reliability, and durability. great for complex structures roofs that are not easy to decorate with rigid materials. It is easy to install. The coating is created using special mastic and roofing nails. It is worth paying attention to the preliminary calculation of the consumption of these materials. This will avoid unnecessary costs and eliminate the need to stop installation due to a lack of nails or mastic.
Mastic consumption in the installation of soft roofing
In the installation of flexible roofing materials, bitumen-polymer mastic is used. This product is made on the basis of bitumen with the inclusion of:
- styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer,
- filler,
- solvent,
- technological additions.
The material is a homogeneous adhesive mass that reliably fixes sheets of tiles on brick, metal, and wooden surfaces. Mastic can be packaged in cartridges or metal cans. The material is applied with a spatula; a special rolling roller eliminates the appearance of bubbles and folds.
The thickness of the mastic layer should not exceed 1 millimeter. Do not dilute the product with solvents, as this will cause swelling and smudges. The approximate consumption of this material depends on the area of application.
In sealing the junctions of sheets, approximately 750 g are spent per linear meter; in the end sections, about 100 g of mastic is consumed per linear meter; in creating the valley carpet, 400 g of material is used per linear meter. These standards will help you make an accurate calculation of product consumption and purchase the right amount of mastic.
Consumption of nails in creating a roof made of flexible tiles
The tiles are fixed to the base with special roofing nails. These fasteners are distinguished by large diameter caps. This design feature eliminates material rupture and guarantees high-quality pressing of the sheet to the base. Roofing nails are made of steel alloys and coated with a layer of zinc to prevent rust. The required number of nails can be calculated based on the number of sheets of tiles or roof area.
If the slope of the slopes is up to 45°, each shingle is fixed with four nails. To create a roofing covering on roofs with slopes greater than 45°, tile tiles are secured with six fasteners. This guarantees reliable fixation and prevents damage to the roof during strong gusts of wind. You can calculate the approximate consumption of roofing nails based on the roof area. Experts recommend purchasing fasteners in quantities of 256 grams per 1 m2.
Fans of accurate calculations of the consumption of all materials in creation can use a special computer program. Data used:
- geometric shape of tiles;
- the direction in which installation will be carried out;
- useful width of tiles;
- the size of overlaps, eaves overhangs, ridge ceilings.
Entering these indicators into the program allows you to make a calculation necessary materials, get the result.
All of the above methods allow you to plan upcoming expenses and determine the amount of materials. However, practice shows that the most accurate calculations can only be made by qualified specialists. It is worth entrusting this work to professionals.
Unlike sheet roofing materials for correct calculation the amount of flexible tiles is enough to know the roof area, since each package of roofing material indicates the number of square meters. meters of covered area. Additional elements are calculated by analogy with. Let's look at specific examples methods for determining the amount of bituminous material and its components. The instructions are relevant for any manufacturers of bitumen roofing: Shinglas, Katepal, Tegola and others.
Components of flexible tiles: purpose and calculation
Before we start calculating the roof, we will understand the purpose of the additional elements of flexible tiles. The names and types of components for flexible tiles differ slightly from the finishing elements of metal tiles, but in general they have similar areas of application.
For soft roofs, metal strips are also used for finishing: wind, cornice (drip), abutment strip. They have a slightly different shape, but their purpose is similar to the additions for metal roofs. Let's look at the most common of them.
The presented additional elements of bitumen shingles have a standard length of 2 meters. To calculate the metal strips, you need the total length to which one or another apron will be installed divide by 1.9 meters(useful length of each plank, taking into account overlap).
The names and sizes of metal strips may vary slightly.
The most important element when installing a soft roof is underlay carpet. It consists of bitumen and is an additional waterproofing of the roof in case of damage to the main roof covering. Bituminous material is laid over the entire roof area on moisture-resistant OSB boards (OSB - oriented strand board) or moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of at least 9 mm. The underlay carpet is mounted horizontally, from bottom to top, with an overlap of 100-150 mm.
In the case of a roof structure with internal corners of slopes, a special valley carpet. Just like the lining, it comes in the form of a roll, but the material itself is thicker and has different color variations that match the tone of the flexible tiles. The valley is one of the most vulnerable places in the roof, so this material should not be neglected. The valley carpet is laid along the entire length of the intersection of the roof slopes.
The underlayment carpet is calculated based on the roof area with a small margin (about 10%) for overlap. The carpet for the valley must be calculated based on its length. If the length of the valley is 10 m, then the carpet must be purchased 10 linear meters long.
The above materials are the main components required when installing a roof made of flexible tiles. Additional elements may be needed in case of complex roof shapes.
Additional accessories for bituminous shingles
For a bitumen roof, unlike its tiled counterpart, it is made of durable plastic, has a special gap for air ventilation under the roof and foam inserts as a barrier against precipitation or insects.
Ventilated ridge tile A ridge tile is attached on top of such a plastic accessory.
An alternative to a ridge valve is roof aerators or KTV valves. They come in different shapes, but the principle of operation is similar - ventilation of the under-roof space to prevent the formation of dampness and mold in the roofing pie, and, therefore, protection wooden structure and OSB boards and the entire roofing system structure.
Different kinds roof aerators If the slope is long (more than 10 m), calculated from the top to the bottom point of the roof, it is necessary to install both a ventilation ridge and aerators. Otherwise, under-roof ventilation will not work properly.
To protect against the penetration of insects or birds under the roof, a mosquito net .
Vent. PVC tape It can be made of aluminum or plastic ( PVC ventilation tape). The element is fastened with ordinary wood screws. When installing flexible tiles, many people neglect this element despite its low cost, which can lead to unpleasant consequences in the future.
Calculation of snow retainers for soft roofs
To prevent avalanches, it is recommended to install snow guards(snow stoppers). For flexible tiles, a special design in the form of a small hook is used. The elements are installed in a checkerboard pattern and secured with wood screws into special holes on the plate.
For bitumen shingles, it is necessary to install a snow retention system at the time of roof installation, since part of the element is placed under the tile sheet.
Snow retainer for flexible tiles To find out how many snow stops are needed in the case of a soft roof, we will use the rule: on slopes with a slope of 30 - 40 degrees, snow stops are installed at the bottom of the roof - 4 pieces. for 1 linear meter, and with a roof slope from 40 to 70 degrees - 6 pcs. by 1 m.p.
Snow guard installation diagram Calculation of flexible tiles for a gable roof
To calculate the amount of soft roofing for a gable roof, you need to know the dimensions of the roof slopes. IN in this case each slope will be a rectangle with sides a=10 m, b=6 m.
Dimensions gable roof
Attention! For a quick calculation, we suggest using ours.
According to the formula S=a*b, we calculate the area of each slope. If the slopes are the same, as in our example, the roof area is Scr.=2*a*b=2*10*6=120 sq.m. Flexible tiles need to be purchased with a small margin (about 5%), so the amount of roofing for a gable roof is 126 sq.m. We consider OSB board or moisture-resistant plywood for the same area. In the case of lining carpet, add another 10 square meters. meters for covering.
A universal formula for determining the number of packages of soft bitumen roofing for a simple roof structure: Sroofs*1.05 / Spacking
The approximate calculation of bitumen mastic is 5 liters per 60 - 70 sq. m. meters of roofing. For our area we get about 10 liters.
Now let's start calculating components and accessories. Depending on the manufacturer ridge-eaves tiles Available in various lengths of overlap, but for most manufacturers one package covers 12 linear meters of ridge and 20 linear meters. meters of cornice. For our sizes, the length of the cornice is 20 meters (10 meters on each side), i.e. 1 package. Plus one more pack for the skate, the length of which is 10 linear. meters. In total we get a package of “ridge/cornice” in the amount of 2 pieces.
Note that for laminated (two- or three-layer tiles) there is no need to purchase eaves tiles, since the lower rectangular layer of the roof already performs its function.
We calculate the ventilated ridge using the formula: ridge length / vent length. skate. That is, we divide 10 m by the length of the vent. skate (each manufacturer has different sizes). For such a gable roof, ridge fans will be sufficient. If the roof has a larger area, it is necessary to add additional aerators - one aerator for approximately 40 square meters. meters.
Metal strips have a standard length of 2 meters. The number of wind (gable) strips S5 is calculated using the formula: 24/1.9 = 13 pcs., where 24 is the total length where the wind aprons will be installed (6m x 4), and 1.9m is the useful length of each strip, taking into account the overlap .
The cornice strip (S1 and S27) is calculated in a similar way. 20/1.9 = 11 pcs. In this option, there are no connections between the roof and the wall or chimney, but the calculation will be made using the same formula.
An aluminum mosquito net or PVC tape is mounted in the eaves area, so their length will be equal in our case to 20 linear meters.
The procedure for calculating roofing nails is as follows: 0.5 kg per 10 sq. m. meters of roofing (or 4 pieces per sheet). For the sizes presented, about 6 - 7 kg.
Let's summarize the calculation in the table:
An example of calculating a soft roof for a hipped roof
For hip roof The calculation of the quantity of flexible tiles is carried out in a similar way. First of all, we find out the area of the roof and, by adding 5-7%, we get the amount of soft roofing. We also consider OSB and underlayment.
Hip roof dimensions The roof consists of two trapezoids and two triangles. The area of the trapezoid is calculated using the formula:
Strap. = (a+b)*Hdr./2 = (3+12)*5/2 = 37.5 sq.m
The area of the triangle is:
Streug. = d*Htriang./2 = 10*4/2 = 20 sq.m
Adding up all the areas, we get a roof area of 115 sq.m. For the roof, let's take about 123 sq. m. with a small margin. meters, and for the lining carpet - 135 sq.m.
There will be more ridge-eaves elements due to the presence of not only the upper ridge, but also the side ribs. In the lower part, along the entire perimeter, a “ridge/eaves” is also laid, with the exception of the laminated roof. We find that to cover the ridge you will need a length of 4*c + a = 35 meters (3 packs), and for the cornice 2*b + 2*d = 44 meters (3 packs). Vent. We count the ridge only on the upper (horizontal) part of the rib. For proper air ventilation under the roof, we add 6 aerators: 2 pieces for trapezoidal slopes and one for triangular ones.
The second difference from the gable form is the absence of wind strips, but the number of eaves aprons is added along the entire perimeter of the roof: 44/1.9 = 24 pcs.
We will also need a little more mastic and nails to seal the ridge tiles and secure them. Otherwise, the calculations for a soft roof are no different from those described above. At the end, we also provide a table with indicators of the required quantity of flexible tiles and components.
Important: roof measurements should be made as accurately as possible!
We hope the article was useful and answered questions about how to calculate flexible roof tiles yourself without the help of online calculators. Note that the process of determining the amount of bitumen roofing must always be done independently, since special resources mainly offer a superficial result, without taking into account additional accessories and stock of material.
The main elements for ensuring normal temperature and humidity conditions of the roof are vapor barrier, insulation of the required thickness (depending on the region), windproofing material, and a ventilated under-roof space.
Shingles with the same color codes and manufacturing dates should be used on the same roof. The shades of bituminous shingles from different batches may vary slightly. To avoid color imbalance, Euromet specialists recommend mixing tiles from several packages before starting installation. To make it easier to separate the shingles from each other, the packaging can be slightly bent and shaken before opening.
If the roofing installation is carried out at temperatures below +5° C, the packages with tiles must be kept in a warm room before installation. The self-adhesive layer of material must be heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
When cutting a soft roof, a special board should be placed under it so as not to damage the bottom covering.
During storage, Shinglas bituminous shingles must be protected from direct sunlight, since under their influence the adhesive layer can sinter with protective film. Pallets of material cannot be stacked on top of each other.
You should not walk on the roofing in sunny and hot weather; marks and stains from shoes may remain on it. It is recommended to move on the roof using special manholes.
Materials used
Shinglas
SHINGLAS flexible tiles differ from similar products of others Russian manufacturers a wide range of colors and cutting shapes. Currently, there are about 50 different models of Shinglas flexible tiles on the domestic market.
Underlay carpet TechnoNIKOL
Self-adhesive backing materials:
- ANDEREP ULTRA is a self-adhesive underlay carpet with increased strength. High reliability The material is achieved through a durable polyester base and high-quality bitumen-polymer binder. The top protective layer of the lining carpet is made of fine-grained sand.
- ANDEREP BARRIER is a baseless self-adhesive material. A thick reinforcing film is used as the top protective layer. The absence of a base allows you to maintain integrity waterproofing material in case of base deformation.
Lining materials with mechanical fixation:
- ANDEREP PROF – has a durable polyester base and non-slip top coating made of polypropylene. Thanks to a special bitumen-polymer mixture, the material can “self-heal”, that is, it maintains tightness in places where nails enter.
- ANDEREP GL is a lining material with double-sided protection of the polymer mixture by layers of fine-grained sand.
TechnoNIKOL valley carpet
The TechnoNIKOL valley carpet is a rolled bitumen-polymer material. It is made on the basis of polyester, has a protective coating of coarse-grained basalt granulate. Used as a waterproofing layer in valleys and places that are subject to the greatest loads.
Junction strips, cornice and gable overhangs
Metal elements with a special protective (anti-corrosion) coating.
Roofing nails
Special galvanized nails are used. The diameter of the nail stem is from 3 mm, the head is from 9 mm, length is 25-30 mm.
TechnoNIKOL mastic No. 23 (FIXER)
Bitumen-polymer mastic for gluing flexible tiles and other bitumen-based materials to various surfaces.
Ventilation elements TechnoNIKOL
Elements for equipment of the required quantity supply and exhaust openings providing under-roof ventilation.
Terminology
1) Visible part
2) Overlapping part
3) Cutout
4) Self-adhesive strip
5) Tile, tab, petal
1) Gable overhang
2) Cornice overhang
3) Endova
4) Rib, ridge
5) Horse
6) Fracture of the clivus
7) Adjacency
Roofing material consumption
Roof tiles. Each package of Shinglas soft roofing series "Country" and "Jazz" contains a quantity of tiles sufficient to cover 2 m 2 of roofing (including overlaps). In packages of Shinglas flexible tiles - for 3 m 2 of roofing. Calculation of the amount of material should be made taking into account the coefficient, the value of which depends on the complexity of the roof. The waste of bituminous shingles with cutting shapes "Accord", "Sonata", "Dragon Tooth" together with ridge-eaves tiles is up to 5%. For the rest of the tiles, when calculating the amount of material, waste should be taken into account at the level of 10-15% (including consumption for the starting strip, ridges and roof ribs).
Roofing nails. The required number of roofing nails is determined at the rate of approximately 80 g per 1 m 2 of roofing.
TechnoNIKOL mastic No. 23 (FIXER). For the valley carpet, 400 g of mastic per 1 line of space is consumed, for the end parts - 100 g per 1 line of space, for sealing the junctions - about 750 g per 1 line of space. Do not dilute the mastic with solvents and apply it in a thicker layer 1 mm, this can lead to leaks and swelling of the material.Preparing the roofing base for installation
1. Installation of flooring under flexible tiles
Quite strict requirements are imposed on the base for soft tiles. It must be rigid, continuous and even (differences in height of no more than 1-2 mm are allowed). The large-panel flooring is laid with staggered seams; self-tapping screws or rough nails are used to secure it. During installation wooden flooring you need to pay attention to the fragments of the annual rings and lay the material so that their bulges face down. If the installation of a base made of OSB-3 or plywood is carried out in the cold season, a gap of 3 mm wide should be left between the sheets. This will avoid deformation of the flooring when thermal expansion material in the summer.
Before installing the boardwalk, you must first sort the boards by thickness. They are laid so that the thickness of the base changes gradually. In this case, thicker boards are laid closer to the eaves, and thinner ones are laid near the ridge. The joints of the boards must be located on supports; in these places the boards are fixed with at least 4 nails. If damp wood is used, the boards are secured with 2 screws on each side.
To strengthen the eaves overhang, metal eaves strips are used. These elements protect the roofing material in the eaves area from the effects of precipitation. The eaves strips are attached to the edge of the solid base with roofing nails. The nails are driven in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 12-15 cm from each other. The planks are laid overlapping, the width of the overlaps should be 3-5 cm. In places where there are overlaps, nails are driven in increments of 2-3 cm.
The underlayment carpet is installed over its entire area for any roof slope. In the area of eaves overhangs and valleys, self-adhesive lining material ANDEREP or other similar material is laid. It serves as an additional protective coating in areas of the most likely leaks.
On eaves overhangs, the width of the self-adhesive underlayment should be 60 cm greater than the width of the eaves overhang. The width of the cornice overhang is measured from the plane of the inner side outer wall buildings as shown in the picture. The bottom edge of the carpet should be 2-3 cm above the edge of the cornice strip.
A self-adhesive lining carpet 1 m wide is laid in the valleys (each slope is covered by 50 cm). It is desirable that the carpet be continuous along the entire length of the valley. If two or more sheets are used, they are laid overlapping. The width of the overlaps should be 30 cm, the seams should be carefully taped.
Underlay material with mechanical fixation ANDEREP or other similar material is installed on the remaining surface of the roof. The canvases are laid parallel to the eaves overhang. Installation of the underlayment begins from the bottom of the roof slope and gradually moves up to the ridge. The width of the overlaps in the longitudinal direction should be 10 cm. An exception is organic-based lining materials (for example, BiCARD). For them, when laying on a roof slope with a slope of up to 30°, the width of the overlaps should be 60 cm, and with a slope slope of more than 30° - 10 cm. The overlaps of the sheets in the transverse direction are made 15 cm wide.
The underlay carpet is secured with galvanized nails with wide heads; the nails are driven in at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. Overlapping areas 8-10 cm wide are coated with TechnoNIKOL No. 23 mastic.
Note. When installing with cutting shapes “Accord”, “Sonata”, “Trio”, “Beavertail”, it is allowed to install the lining material only in places where leaks are most likely. It is laid in strips 50 cm wide along the perimeter of the roof (and along the eaves overhangs up to 60 cm above the plane of the inner surface of the walls, see figure), 1 m wide in the valleys, 50 cm along the perimeter of the roof windows and 1x1 m around the passage elements. The terms and conditions of the warranty change and become similar to those for products from other manufacturers. The climate in different regions of Russia is significantly different, so this note does not apply to all regions, but only to the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Northwestern Federal District and Northwestern Federal District.
4. Strengthening gable overhangs
To strengthen the gable overhangs, metal end strips are used. They are fixed on top of the lining material with roofing nails in increments of 12-15 cm, the nails are driven in a checkerboard pattern. The end strips are laid with an overlap, the width of the overlaps should be 3-5 cm, in these places the nails are driven in every 2-3 cm. When installing a Shinglas soft roof, the gable strips are coated with mastic and the upper corners of the outer shingles are cut off.
5. Preparing the valley
There are two ways to install Shinglas soft roofing in valleys – open and the “undercut” method. The preparation of the valley depends on which method will be used.
Along the axis of the valley (1) on top of the self-adhesive lining material (2) a TechnoNIKOL valley carpet (3) is laid with a horizontal offset of 2-3 cm. On the bottom side, the valley carpet along the perimeter 10 cm from the edge is coated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic. When using open method valley devices, the valley carpet can be replaced with a metal strip with an anti-corrosion coating. This replacement is appropriate for regions with hot climates. Fix the valley carpet (or metal strip) roofing nails, they are driven in at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge of the material in increments of 20-25 cm. It is advisable to lay a continuous (without overlaps) valley carpet along the entire length of the valley. If this is not possible, parts of the carpet are laid overlapping. The overlaps are made 30 cm wide; the material in these places must be carefully glued.
Undercut method
When installing a valley using the “cutting” method, there is no need to install a valley carpet.
6. Marking the roof slope
The markings are guide lines that, when laid, soft tiles help to align it vertically and horizontally. This is especially true in the case of incorrect geometry of the roof slope and the presence of any structures embedded in the roof. Vertical lines are applied in increments equal to the width of the shingles of ordinary tiles. 5 rows of material should be placed between the horizontal lines, so they are applied approximately 80 cm from one another. It should be remembered that the markings only serve as a guide and are not a guide for fixing the bitumen roof.
Before installation, shingles from several packages are mixed or sheets are taken from them one by one.
If Shinglas will be installed at low temperatures (below +5°C), the packages must be placed in the oven for at least 24 hours in advance. warm room(+20°C). From there, several packages are served immediately before work begins. The self-adhesive strip on the tiles should be heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
When working on the roof, the material should be cut on a supported board so as not to damage the underlying roof covering.
In sunny and hot weather, you should not walk on the laid roofing, as marks and stains may remain on it. You need to move along the roof using special manholes.
2. Rules for fixing ordinary tiles
Each shingle is secured to the base with galvanized nails with wide heads. The number of fasteners depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. For a slope of up to 45°, each shingle is nailed with four nails; for slopes greater than 45°, with six nails. The nails should be positioned evenly and driven in so that the heads do not cut into the surface of the soft roof, but are in the same plane with it (see figure).
The location of fasteners for all forms of Shinglas cutting is shown in the figure. On both sides, shingles are nailed at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge.
3. Starting line
For the starting strip, use universal ridge-eaves tiles or shingles of ordinary soft tiles with cut petals.
Ridge-eaves bitumen shingles are used as a starting strip when laying Shinglas with “Accord” and “Sonata” cutting shapes. It is laid on top of the cornice strips 1-2 cm above their bend (see figure). The width of the indentation from the bend of the eaves strips depends on the slope angle and the length of the roof slope. The longer and steeper the slope, the wider the indentation should be.
When installing flexible Shinglas tiles with cutting shapes “Beaver Tail”, “Trio”, “Accord”, “Sonata”, shingles with cut petals are used for the starting strip. Before laying, their lower side in places where there is no adhesive layer must be coated with TechnoNIKOL mastic. Patterns from ordinary tiles are mounted in the same way as ridge-eaves tiles.
The starting strip for sheets with the “Dragon Tooth” cutting shape is made from ordinary tile shingles; there is no need to cut them. Their installation is carried out similarly to ridge-eaves tiles.
4. Laying the first, second and subsequent rows of tiles
On long roof slopes, it is recommended to start laying the material from the middle of the slope, this will make it easier to level it horizontally. 1-2 cm are retreated from the initial (central) strip and the first shingle is installed (see figure). In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the joint of the shingles of the first row does not coincide with the joint of the elements of the starting strip.
Installation must be done in diagonal stripes (see figure).
Depending on the cutting shape, the soft roof can be laid in diagonal stripes, in the form of a pyramid or vertical stripe(see pictures). The shingles of the second row begin to be laid from the middle of the slope, with a horizontal shift in any direction by half a blade relative to the shingles of the first row. In this case, the lower edge of the tabs of the second row of shingles should be located at the level of the upper edge of the cutouts on the shingles of the first row.
The sheets of the third row are mounted offset by half a blade relative to the shingles of the second row in the same direction as when laying the previous row.
It is recommended to coat the outer shingles of ordinary tiles in places where there is no adhesive layer with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic to a width of 10 cm from the edge of the roof. Their upper corners are cut by 2-3 cm for more efficient water removal.
Note: laid with an offset of 15-85 cm relative to the previous row. In this case, there is no need to adhere to a special order, the overall pattern should turn out to be abstract (see figure).
In the valley area, ordinary tiles are mounted on top of the valley carpet on two roof slopes (see figure). Each shingle suitable for the valley is additionally secured in the upper part with roofing nails (2) at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley (1). Then, using laces, beat off two lines (3). The ordinary tiles are cut along these lines, having first placed a board under them so as not to damage the valley carpet. The upper corners of the shingles approaching line 3 are trimmed to remove water (4). On the lower side, in places where there is no adhesive layer, the bitumen roof is coated 10 cm from the cutting line with TechnoNIKOL mastic (5).
The width of the valley gutter depends on the location of the building and the size of the water flow from the roof slopes; it can range from 5 to 15 cm. If the building is located among trees (for example, in a forest), then the gutter is made wider to facilitate the removal of leaves. When the water flow from the slopes is significantly different, to prevent water from washing away the roofing material, the valley gutter is shifted towards a smaller water flow.
Undercut method
When installing a valley using the “cutting” method, first the shingles and levels are laid on a slope that has a smaller slope angle (see figure). In this case, sheets of ordinary tiles must extend onto the steeper slope by at least 30 cm. In the upper part, each shingle is additionally secured with roofing nails (2) at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley (1). When the slope with a smaller slope is completely covered, tiles are laid on the second slope. On a steeper roof slope, at a distance of 7-8 cm from the valley axis, mark a line (3). Along this line, sheets approaching the valley from a steeper slope are cut (it is recommended to adjust a board under it so as not to damage the underlying material). The upper corners of the outer shingles are cut to remove water (4). On the bottom side, in places where there is no adhesive layer, these shingles are coated to a width of 10 cm with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic (5).
6. Arrangement of ribs of slopes and skates
Method No. 1
When applying this method, ridge-eaves tiles are used. It is first divided into three parts by perforation. Ridge-eaves tiles are used when installing “Accord”, “Sonata”, “Dragon Tooth”.
Edge. The shingles facing the edge are cut so that there is a gap of 0.5 cm wide between the tiles from adjacent slopes. Using laces, two approximate lines are beaten along the edge. Lay flexible tiles on the edge in the direction from bottom to top. The elements are mounted with an overlap, the overlaps should be 3-5 cm wide. The Euromet company recommends securing each shingle with four nails (2 on each side) so that the top one covers the fasteners of the underlying one.
Horse. The soft roofing on the ridge begins to be laid on the side opposite to the direction of the prevailing winds in the area. Its installation is carried out similarly to the installation of tiles on the edges of the roof.
Method No. 2
When using Shinglas flexible tiles with cutting shapes “Trio”, “Sonata”, “Dragon Tooth”, “Beaver Tail”, elements for covering the ridge and ribs can be cut from shingles of ordinary tiles. For the “Sonata” cutting shape, its upper part will be visible, and the lower part will be closed (see figure)
On the underside, in places where there is no adhesive layer, the elements are coated with TechnoNIKOL mastic before installation. Covering the ridges and ribs with patterns from ordinary tiles is carried out in the same way as with ridge-eaves tiles.
Important: When installing soft roofing Shinglas series " ", " ", " ", " " in conditions of low (up to +5°C) temperatures, it is recommended to bend the elements to warm pipe about 10 cm in diameter. This will prevent them from cracking.
7. Installation of SHINGLAS flexible tiles on curved surfaces (domes, cones)
On the roofs non-standard shape Shinglas flexible tiles can be laid in two ways - segmental and seamless. When using any of them, an underlayment must first be laid.
Installation of Shinglas on a dome or cone surface using a segmental method involves dividing it into segments. The size of the segments depends on the size and shape of the surface to be covered. The lines are broken off using laces. Row tiles are mounted on each segment, and ridge tiles are installed at the joints between them (similar to the ridge and ribs of the roof). The width of the ridge tiles must also correspond to the dimensions of the surface to be covered.
1) Metal tip (installed after installing the shingles);
2) vertical trim lines (slope marking);
3) a whole petal of tiles;
4) 1/2 petal of tile;
5) ANDEREP underlay carpet.
When laying tiles using the seamless method Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to marking the surface (see figure). First, marks are made on its base with chalk in increments equal to half the petal of the tile used. From these marks on the backing carpet (5), lines are drawn to the top of the surface to be covered (the lines are connected at the top). Ordinary tiles are cut into individual petals, and the first row is assembled from them. The next row is shifted by half a petal relative to the previous row. The material for it is cut in accordance with the marked marking lines (2). When the width of the trimmed elements becomes half the original (4), whole tile petals (3) begin to be used again for the next row. In this order, the roof is laid to the top of the surface. The top is decorated with a metal tip (1).
8. Connection device
To bend the materials more smoothly, a triangular shaped strip is nailed at the junction of the wall and the roof slope (see figure). It can be made from diagonally cut wooden beam with a cross section of 50x50 mm or use an ordinary wooden plinth. If the wall adjacent to the roof is brick, it is pre-plastered and primed. The shingles of ordinary tiles suitable for the abutment are placed on a nailed strip. Strips with a width of at least 50 cm are cut out of the TechnoNIKOL valley carpet. On the bottom side, they are treated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic over the entire surface and laid on top of the tiles. The valley carpet strips are positioned so that they extend onto the wall by at least 30 cm (and in regions with large snow loads higher). The upper edge of the junction material is inserted into the groove and pressed with a metal apron. The structure is fixed mechanically and sealed using polyurethane, thiokol or silicone sealant.
Method for sealing joints between roofing and ventilation pipes and chimneys are shown in the figure. From a valley carpet or metal sheet Patterns are made with an anti-corrosion coating, they are cut and bent in the indicated places. First, install the face pattern on top of the regular shingles that fit the pipe. Then the side and lastly the back patterns are laid. They are placed under shingles of material. A gutter 80 mm wide is made on the back and sides. The upper corners of the soft roof shingles that fit the pipe are cut to allow water to drain away. The underside of these shingles, in places where there is no adhesive layer, is coated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic to a width of 10 cm.
If the cross-section of the pipe is larger than 50x50 cm, and it is located across the roof slope, a groove is made behind the pipe (see figure). This will prevent excessive snow accumulation behind the pipe.
If the bottom of the roof slope is adjacent to the wall, a metal storm barrier is installed at the end of it (see figure).
9. Pass-through elements
For sealing places where communication pipes, antennas, etc. pass through the roof. use special passage elements (see figure). The passage element is secured mechanically (with nail connections). The shingles of ordinary bitumen tiles are laid on it, they are cut and fixed to the flange with TechnoNIKOL No. 23 FIXER mastic. A suitable roof outlet is then installed on the penetration element.
TechnoNIKOL roof ventilation elements are available in non-insulated and insulated types (see figure). They are part of room ventilation and sewerage systems. The use of polyurethane-insulated ventilation outlets is advisable in areas with long, frosty winters, since condensation does not freeze inside them. It is not recommended to install caps on sewer roof outlets, as condensation accumulates in them. If it freezes, it will prevent normal ventilation.
For a more aesthetically pleasing appearance of the roof outlet, you can install a cap on it without internal cuts (see figure). In addition to its decorative function, it helps prevent precipitation and leaves from entering the pipe.
Roof care
- In spring and autumn, it is necessary to inspect the roof to check its condition and timely identify defects.
- It is recommended to remove leaves and small debris from the roofing with a soft-bristled brush. Do not use sharp tools, as this may damage the tiles.
- Objects with sharp edges are removed from the roof by hand.
- Drains, gutters and pipes should be checked periodically and, if necessary, cleared of debris.
- In case of accumulation on the roof large quantity The snow is removed in layers with a non-sharp shovel. At the same time, a layer of snow approximately 10 cm thick is left to protect the roofing.
- From time to time, Euromet specialists recommend checking the condition (and, if necessary, repairing) metal parts, mounting holes, openings and other elements located on the roof.
Roof repair from flexible Shinglas tiles
SHINGLAS bituminous shingles are a repairable roofing material. If there are minor defects in the roofing covering, local repairs can be carried out independently. It is important to identify and, if possible, eliminate the causes of material damage. This could be, for example, installation errors, abrasions from nearby tree branches, the presence of depressions in which water stagnates, etc.
Repair procedure:
- Eliminating the cause of damage to the roofing.
- Dismantling damaged material.
- Laying new roofing material. The joints between the new upholstery and the main coating are heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
