Its wide application prefabricated monolithic floor obtained due to the fact that during its construction no lifting equipment is required. And the simplicity of the device and the availability of the material brought this overlap to a very high level.
Let's look at how this type of overlap works.

Prefabricated monolithic floor beams

The main supporting structure of this floor is beams.

They consist of lower working reinforcement bars, which bear the entire load, and upper longitudinal reinforcement, which is connected to the lower one through diagonal reinforcement.
Prefabricated monolithic floor beam according to may have the following symbol:
1 BP 60.24-6.0- What means 1 – beam of the first standard size, 60 – 5970 mm length, 24 – 240 mm thickness, 6.0 – calculated payload on the floor 6 kN/m2 (excluding dead weight).
Beams can be as follows cross section:

Option number 2- occurs most often due to its simplicity, convenience and small spans of the building being covered.
The length of the beams can reach 8 meters.

Floor blocks for prefabricated monolithic floors

The blocks do not bear the main load and are needed for good sound and heat insulation, so they are made from lightweight concrete with a density of up to 1600 kg/m3 s maximum size coarse aggregate up to 10 mm.
In general, the principle of operation of this ceiling is very much reminiscent of the principle of operation of a ribbed reinforced concrete floor. As can be seen in the figure, green the beams to which the load is transferred by the slab (yellow) are shown.

Prefabricated monolithic floor blocks according to can have the following symbol:
2 BPOL-S-2- What means 2 – B lok P concrete roofing 2 -th standard size, ABOUT standard execution, L Itseva, with WITH through voids and with 2 - two facial surfaces.
Blocks can be of the following types:

The length of the blocks is usually 250-500 mm, width - 500-1000 mm, height 250-500 mm.

Technology for the construction of prefabricated monolithic floors

Once our walls are erected, we can begin installing the floor. First of all, floor beams are installed in increments depending on the width of the blocks.

Next, you need to set up supports (telescopic racks) that will support our beams, and only then lay the blocks.
As the blocks are laid, we make a monolithic belt around the perimeter of the building. It is necessary to ensure that the concentrated load from the floor beams is evenly distributed along the wall. The belt must be insulated from the street side.

The final step is to lay out the reinforcing mesh and fill the whole thing with concrete, carefully vibrating it to avoid the formation of voids.

To summarize, we can say that this type of floor combines the advantages of monolithic and prefabricated floors, forming a durable structure that will serve you for a long time.

List of sources used:
1.) STB 1326-2002 “Reinforced concrete beams for prefabricated monolithic floors”
2.) STB 1327-2002 “Concrete hollow blocks for prefabricated monolithic floors”

“Active house” is a building that, with the help of engineering equipment installed on it: solar panels, collectors, heat pumps, recuperators, ground heat exchangers, etc. produces more energy than it consumes.

IN Russia also has a number of documents (decrees, recommendations, decrees, standards, territorial norms) regulating the energy consumption of buildings and structures. For example, VSN 52-86, defining the calculations and requirements for a hot water supply system using solar energy.

By 2006, more than 6,000 passive houses had been built worldwide, office buildings, shops, schools, kindergartens. Most of them are located in Europe.

IN A number of European countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, etc.) have developed special targeted state programs to bring all regular development sites to conditionally passive level of energy consumption (ultra-low consumption houses - up to 30 kWh/m2 per year).

Technology of prefabricated monolithic frame house construction

The prefabricated monolithic frame house-building system allows:

optimize the building design;

simplify the installation of the frame;

fulfill the blocking conditions with other house-building systems: monolithic, frame, brick, panel;

achieve a rapid increase in construction volumes;

reduce construction time;

reduce construction costs.

The prefabricated monolithic frame has a mixed structural design with longitudinal and transverse crossbars. It is intended for use in the construction of multi-storey residential, public and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a floor height from 2.8 to 4.5 m, a span between columns of up to 18 m. This system allows you to erect buildings up to 34 floors high, optimize material consumption and reduce costs square meter building.

The prefabricated monolithic frame structurally consists of three main reinforced concrete elements: columns, crossbars and hollow core slabs.

Columns are made in sections. The length of the column section is limited by the technological capabilities of transportation and installation. Sections of columns are joined together with a special “plug” type connector without welding. Jointless columns are installed in the frames of low-rise (up to 12 m high) buildings.

The coupling of columns with crossbars and prefabricated monolithic floors is carried out using connecting elements without the use of welding.

For this purpose, at the junction of the floor slab and the crossbar, the body of the column is devoid of concrete, which allows the reinforcement of the crossbars to be passed through the column during the assembly of the frame.

The crossbars are made of reinforced concrete with prestressed reinforcement. The cross-sections of the crossbars are selected in the range from 20 to 60 cm, depending on the location of their installation. In this case, the width of the crossbar is assumed to be equal to the width of the abutment column, its height is calculated depending on the loads acting on the crossbar.

Prestressed hollow-core floor slabs have a section height of 120, 220, 300 mm, and a width of 1200 mm. Maximum slab length -

The “column-crossbar-slab” connection unit is monolithic and is made of concrete class B25-B30 (M350-M400). Hollow-core floor slabs are supported by a system of inventory supports before concreting monolithic sections. The entire frame is assembled without welding.

There are two known systems of prefabricated frame house construction: the long-known frame-based system 1-020 and the fairly new KUB-2.5 system. The first system makes it possible, during the design and construction of residential buildings, together with designers, to make improvements to the frame design, which made it possible to reduce its metal consumption and increase the ease of installation.

The new KUB-2.5 system is one of the progressive technologies in frame housing construction. Today it has found development in almost all regions of the country. First of all, this is complete freedom. planning solutions. With its help you can build houses up to 25 floors (with any floor height). Curtain walls allow the use of local non-structural materials.

The architectural and structural housing construction system ARCOS-1 using a prefabricated monolithic frame of the B1.020.1-7 series is open and allows the design and construction of buildings of any number of floors, configuration and length from the same structures.

basis structural system multi-storey buildings ARCOS-1 is a prefabricated monolithic frame (Fig. 7.53), which includes prefabricated reinforced concrete columns with openings at the floor level, bearing monolithic reinforced concrete crossbars, braced monolithic reinforced concrete beams, pre-stressed hollow core slabs, stiffening diaphragms, prefabricated elevator shafts.

Also, frame-monolithic construction is completed with prefabricated flights of stairs with half-landings, ventilation blocks and small-piece products for installation interior walls, partitions and building envelopes. Prestressed slabs used for floors are manufactured using Spanish technology using Tensiland equipment.

The interface nodes of gradually supported external walls with floor discs are shown in Fig. 7.54.

Rice. 7.53. Supporting frame: 1 - prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete columns; 2 - hollow-core slabs (standard or flameless molding); 3 - load-bearing monolithic crossbars; 4 - connected monolithic crossbars;

5, 6 - consoles for installing bay windows and balconies; 7 - monolithic sections of floors; 8 - vertical stiffness diaphragms

Rice. 7.54. Units: 1 - prefabricated hollow-core floor slabs; 2 - extreme monolithic crossbar; 3 - masonry made of cellular concrete stones;

4 - facing layer of masonry; 5 - insulation; 6 - compensation gasket (expanded polystyrene); 7 - solution

Prefabricated monolithic floor discs using hollow-core slabs are made flat, without any floor parts protruding into the volume of the building, providing the ability to place enclosing structures in any required location without restrictions. With a thickness of 12-14 cm reduced to a continuous floor, it is possible to cover spans up to 7.20 m long or more. The floor disk fully takes into account the reactive forces arising under load, which made it possible to reduce the amount of internal forces in all design sections of floor elements by 30-40% and, within the same limits (by 30-40%), to reduce the consumption of steel for the reinforcement of floors in general.

House structures: prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete columns; hollow-core slabs; walls made of polystyrene concrete blocks; load-bearing monolithic crossbars; bonded monolithic crossbars; consoles for installing bay windows and balconies; monolithic sections of floors; vertical stiffening diaphragms.

The advantages of this series: speed and all-season availability (in a two-shift operating mode, the pace of construction can be increased to four floors per month); minimal material consumption and construction costs; allows the construction of buildings up to 30 floors high; flexible architectural and planning structure of the building as a whole ( open plans with column spacing up to 8.4×8.4 without protruding crossbar); ceiling height 3 m; metal consumption 75-85 kg/m3, which is 40% less than the “monolith”; consumption of precast reinforced concrete is 0.12-0.14 m3 / m2.

Examples of implemented projects are shown in Fig. 7.55 and 7.56.

Rice. 7.55. Residential complex in Naberezhnye Chelny

Houses with a prefabricated monolithic frame (Fig. 7.57), in which the enclosing structures are made of both monolith and piece materials- bricks, blocks. Houses are erected point by point even in cramped urban areas, since this does not require either access roads or heavy crane equipment. However, completely different aspects allow us to call monolithic frame houses housing of a new generation.

Free layout, large pitch of load-bearing structures (15-16 m compared to 12 m in panel houses), which allows you to get apartments of a much larger area.

Possibility to design kitchens with an area of ​​12-15 m2, two bathrooms (guest and master) in one apartment, spacious halls, large loggias.

Heat consumption for heating monolithic frame house compared to panel ones, it is lower by 20-30% (due to the gapless design of the walls, the greater depth of the rooms, and their distance from windows).

Monolithic frame buildings are more durable. Their design life is at least 200 years (compare with the 50-year design life of panel houses!).

The design of monolithic frame houses makes it possible to arrange housing on two or more levels.

Apartments in such buildings will not become obsolete over the coming decades: nothing better has yet been invented for multi-storey buildings.

The use of an open design has its advantages.

Flexibility of planning solutions. Monolithic housing construction based on OKS makes it possible to implement wide range planning decisions. Its

bore space of buildings at frame construction has many planning solutions. Frame-monolithic housing construction also makes it possible to arrange sections of houses in such a way that they fully meet demographic, social and urban planning requirements.

Frame house construction also means a low level of material and energy intensity of structures. The open design scheme makes it possible to use the most modern energy-intensive building materials in monolithic construction.

Possibility to reduce the weight of the structure by two or more times. Consequently, the total mass of the building is reduced. This happens because lightweight enclosing structures are used in frame construction.

The ability to significantly reduce the construction time of buildings. They do not depend on the season and weather conditions.

It is characterized by low cost.

The design of a prefabricated monolithic frame building is shown in Fig. 7.58, 7.59.

Rice. 7.58. Frame: 1 - prefabricated column (reinforced concrete); 2 - reinforced concrete hollow slabs; 3 - monolithic tie and load-bearing crossbars; 4 - stiffness diaphragms;

5 - panels of elevator shafts intended for cargo and passenger transportation; 6 - flights of stairs; 7 - wall cladding with stone produced using brick-press equipment

During monolithic construction, at the ends of hollow-core slabs, across them, in the plane of the ceiling, a monolithic load-bearing crossbar is installed with a pitch of 7.2 m. The tie monolithic crossbar, which is placed along the slabs, has no limited pitch. Here the pitch is determined by the designed layout of the building, as well as the length of the hollow-core slabs.

External wall cladding is performed using special colored textured concrete stones, as a result of which any color and compositional façade solutions can be created. Energy consumption during the construction of buildings is reduced by 25-35%, and during further operation - by 45-50%.

Rice. 7.59. Assembly options:

a - with a prefabricated monolithic crossbar;

b - with monolithic crossbar

The unsupported space formed by flat slab floors allows you to obtain any housing layout, where the partitions can move and do not have rigid connections with the load-bearing structural elements of the entire building.

For external wall cladding, special textured colored concrete stones are used. Which allows you to create any architectural, compositional and color solutions facades. In addition, energy costs during the construction and operation of buildings are reduced by 25-35 and 45-50%, respectively.

Rice. 7.60. Prefabricated elements

The technology of prefabricated monolithic frame house construction is recognized as the most effective in construction, both economically and qualitatively. Its basis is load-bearing frame from the main reinforced concrete elements (Fig. 7.60): columns, prestressed beams of various sections and floor slabs. Additionally, based on the calculation results in each specific case,

V it turns on the stiffness diaphragms. The high degree of factory readiness of products allows us to achieve high quality load-bearing structures, regardless of the time of year.

The building is being erected as a constructor. The connection unit "column - crossbar - slab" is monolithic. When concreting the joint, a rigid unit is formed, ensuring the stability of the frame.

The design of prefabricated monolithic frame elements, their dimensions, and reinforcement structure are calculated individually for each specific project, based on the number of storeys of the building, floor layout, load composition, etc., which ultimately allows optimizing the consumption of materials and reducing the cost per square meter of the building.

Today, prefabricated monolithic frame housing construction is recognized as the most progressive. According to experts, this technology is already seriously competing with by known methods construction.

The peculiarities of assembling frames do not require welding and reduce the volume of concrete consumption by an order of magnitude, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy intensity of construction.

An important difference between frame house construction technology and traditional ways construction is that all frame elements are made

V factory conditions. The absence of welded joints simplifies the assembly of the frame, does not require highly qualified workers, all stages are as mechanized as possible.

A prefabricated monolithic frame makes it possible to implement any façade geometry, as well as to use materials with high thermal insulation characteristics in enclosing structures.

A prefabricated monolithic frame opens up a unique opportunity for free redevelopment of premises at any time: design, construction and operation of a frame building (Fig. 7.61 and 7.62). The service life of a frame house is more than 100 years.

Rice. 7.61. Projects under construction

Rice. 7.62. Finished objects

Do-it-yourself prefabricated monolithic floors - new technology, minimizing the costs of an individual developer when purchasing, transporting, and installing interfloor structures. Lifting equipment is used to install blocks on the crossbar and wall; all other operations are performed manually. The products are lightweight concrete blanks, which, after installation, are poured on top with heavy concrete.

Prefabricated monolithic floors are lightweight concrete blanks that reduce construction and transportation costs. After installation, the floors are filled with heavy concrete.

Manufacturing technology

Prefabricated monolithic floor slabs have many advantages: low weight and low transportation and installation costs compared to other structures.

This do-it-yourself house covering has a number of advantages:

• has less weight compared to traditional design, less load on the walls;
• takes into account the configuration of the floor in the house with the possibility of adjustment at the installation site (there is no work on grouting, gouging out excess areas, making interfloor openings, hatches);
• reduces the number of workers;
• allows you to get by with a minimum amount of lifting equipment and install floors in areas without power lines connected to the house;
• The technology is environmentally friendly and safe.

Constructed using the following technology:

• Hollow concrete blocks are laid on walls/crossbars cleared of debris;
• longitudinal girders are inserted between them;
• a flooring is made of reinforcing mesh on top of the blocks; if necessary, fiberglass rods are added to the grooves (the profile of the products is T-shaped, laid with a 180˚ rotation);
• the overlap of the mesh is regulated by SNiP standards for individual houses of at least 150 mm;
• Supports are placed below for beams 6 m - 2 pieces, for 4.5 m - one piece at a time, they can be removed only after the concrete has hardened;
• top part monolithic structures poured fine-grained (class from M250, grade from B15);
• The monolith should be moistened throughout the hardening period so that it does not dry out.

Thus, a monolith is obtained that has high tightness, noise and heat insulation. The house is operated with fewer heating devices, costs are reduced: it does not require additional screed, it is ready for tiling, PVC tiles, parquet, linoleum, laminate. The structure weighs 230-350 kg/m2, which is 30-40% less than ready-made reinforced concrete analogues.

With an increase in installation time by 50%, an economic effect of 200% is observed (purchase, delivery, laying of finished reinforced concrete products).

Among others positive properties Prefabricated monolithic floors have high tightness, noise and heat insulation.

Do-it-yourself house ceilings use permanent formwork. The amount of support for hollow blocks is controlled by workers during installation; for crossbars this parameter is 90 mm, for walls - 120 mm. The industry produces standard products using prefabricated monolithic technology:

• beams 3-6 m long, 200 mm high, 200 mm wide;
• load-bearing monolithic purlins with a concrete bottom, 3-6 m long, 55 mm high, 120 mm wide;
• bottom chord rods - 2860-5860 mm.

Prefabricated monolithic structures allow you to do without filling areas on your own, which do not fit a solid slab with the standard method of installing floors.

Features of prefabricated monolithic technology

Prefabricated monolithic floors come in the following sizes: 6-meter (100 kg), 4-meter (74 kg) and 3-meter (50 kg).

Prefabricated monolithic floors of houses have a weight of each block of 100 kg (6-meter), 74 kg (4-meter), 50 kg (3-meter). According to the load-bearing capacity, there are two types of monolithic purlins: 1.3 t/m2, 900 kg/m2, which allows you to erect lightweight prefabricated partitions on them anywhere, if necessary, move them around the entire perimeter.

Prefabricated monolithic floors also have increased fire safety and moisture insulation.

When covering a house with your own hands using the described technology, it is important to use concrete compaction by hand or with a vibrating tool (slat, depth attachment). This will ensure maximum adhesion of the solution with concrete surfaces purlins, beams. Cellular concrete, which has a porous structure, improves the characteristics of structures. For example, foam concrete is highly moisture-resistant, can be easily made independently, and quickly gains strength. Monolithic house construction from this material is in demand by individual developers, so this technology is easily integrated into the overall process.

Do-it-yourself roofing of a house can be done from polystyrene blocks, resulting in concrete polystyrene structures with reduced weight. In this case, the blocks can be laid on the walls manually, the lower part of the structure forms voids inside the slab. The reinforcing belt and the top filling, created in a monolithic way, work in compression and absorb the loads from the weight of furniture and residents. By making these prefabricated monolithic floors, you can do without lifting equipment.

Another advantage of the monolithic method for a private house is the fire safety of prefabricated structures. Unlike wooden beams, shields, they are not afraid of open fire, they reliably cut off the flame between floors in case of fire. Communications carried out around the house on your own inside the ceiling voids have additional fire and bioprotection and do not experience random mechanical loads, vibrations, or deformations.

Creating a national team monolithic slab from prefabricated blocks for the house, use a mesh of 8-14 mm, depending on the planned operational load. When planning a prefabricated slab within 150 mm, you can get by with one layer of mesh; if the thickness increases, a second layer of reinforcement will be required. The most popular cell sizes are 200x200 mm, 150x150 mm. Monolithic casting with meshes of rods of the same cross-section has greater efficiency than prefabricated frame structures.

The online store https://www.site presents projects, the construction of which is carried out using the most modern construction technologies and materials. One example of the use of modern innovative technologies is Frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors. The technology for installing prefabricated monolithic floors came to Russia from Europe, where mass construction of individual houses using this technology has been going on for over 25 years. The most well-known European and domestic construction technologies in Russia and the CIS countries using frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic slabs are, first of all, long-span slabs of the German "ALBERT" system, Polish slabs "TERIVA (TERIVA)", Belarusian slabs "DAKH", Russian prefabricated monolithic ceilings "Marco". Let's take a closer look at this advanced, economical and reliable technology for constructing monolithic floors.

Frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors (what is it)

Frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors consist of light reinforced concrete beams, made in the form of a spatial steel reinforcement frame and a reinforced concrete base (beam) of rectangular cross-section, hollow blocks and poured on site monolithic concrete.

Hollow blocks (liners) laid on reinforced concrete beams, can be ceramic, gas silicate, polystyrene concrete or concrete. Such ceilings have excellent sound-proofing and thermal properties, and communications, including electrical wiring, can be placed in the channels available in the blocks without any problems. It is also important that the floors in question can be successfully used in construction low-rise buildings

the “Build it myself” method. Practice shows that on walls built using any technology, only two or three people are able to lay reinforced concrete beams, liners on them, and then fill the resulting base (fixed formwork) with concrete. In Russia, the most modern, economical and accessible technology is MARCO prefabricated monolithic floors. This is what we will look at in more detail.

Frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors of the MARCO system
The MARCO system is available with two types of floor beams. These are beams with a reinforcement frame 150 mm high and beams with a reinforcement frame 200 mm high. The dimensions of the concrete block of beams are 40x120 mm, concrete class is not lower than B20.

To ensure the necessary load-bearing capacity of the beam floor, the lower reinforcing belt of the beam can be reinforced with additional longitudinal reinforcement, which is installed during the manufacture of the beam. The diameter of additional fittings is from 6 to 16 mm. Strength class of additional reinforcement is A500.

Reinforcement of beams of prefabricated monolithic floors in the area of ​​load-bearing walls
The system provides two options for reinforcing beams in the area of ​​load-bearing walls. In the first version
the upper and lower longitudinal reinforcement of the beams does not extend beyond the concrete element. This type of flooring, by analogy with floor slabs, is designed to freely support beams on load-bearing walls. In the second option the beams are provided with reinforcement outlets, the length of which is specified by the design documentation. This option is designed to clamp beams in a monolithic belt of a load-bearing wall, which is recommended when building houses frame structure

, as well as from aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks. The calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the floors indicates that the interfloor floor in this case can carry a large payload, but the design of the floor units becomes significantly more complicated. The reinforced concrete floor slab obtained after pouring concrete connects the walls and increases the seismic resistance and reliability of the building.

Triangular reinforcement frames (trigons) are produced using high-performance welding equipment from the famous Austrian company Filzmoser from high-strength reinforcement class B500. The equipment is fully automated and provides high quality preparation of reinforcement and welding of frames.

For the manufacture of floor beams, a special vibration stand is used. The metal mold of the stand consists of 12 separate elements. Beam production time is 10-12 hours. The stand allows you to produce beams up to 12 meters long. The productivity of one stand is 280 linear meters of floor beams per day.

Insert blocks in a frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floor

For the installation of a frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floor of the MARCO system, liner blocks with a height of 150 and 200 mm are used.

Radial and trapezoidal blocks are designed for use as ceiling elements. Such a ceiling is not inferior in load-bearing capacity to a conventional one. All blocks of prefabricated monolithic floors are made of polystyrene concrete with a density of less than 400 kg/m 3. The weight of the blocks does not exceed 6 kg. Blocks and beams in a frequently ribbed floor perform the functions permanent formwork for flooring and take on the loads that arise when pouring concrete.

IMPORTANT! Technical documentation for blocks and beams has been approved by the Research, Design and Technological Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete and registered by GOSSTANDARD. Based on the results of certification tests, the blocks are classified as low-hazard, non-combustible materials with low smoke-generating ability. A positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion was received for MARCO polystyrene concrete.

A high-performance vibration stand is used to produce blocks. The productivity of the vibration stand is 3000 blocks per shift. This allows you to complete blocks of 350 m 2 of floors.

Thickness of the frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floor MARCO

The Marco prefabricated monolithic floor system provides four options for floor thickness. In Fig. 1. A diagram of the thinnest ceiling of the MARCO SMP-200 system is presented.

In construction practice, to increase the load-bearing capacity of a prefabricated monolithic floor There are two options for solving this problem. First option when higher blocks weighing up to 18 kg are used to increase the load-bearing capacity of the floor. These are the recommendations of Polish and Belarusian manufacturers of frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors. Unfortunately, this solution has significant drawback, namely with this option, the dead weight of the floor reaches 450 kg/m2, which is quite comparable to the weight of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab.
The Russian system of prefabricated monolithic flooring MARCO provides Alternative option increasing the load-bearing capacity of the floor. To solve this problem, additional foam floor slabs are used. The slabs have a thickness of 50 mm for covering SMP-300 and 100 mm for covering SMP-350.

The slabs are glued to the upper surface of the blocks using any cement-containing tile adhesive. The use of additional slabs allows the use of a single range of blocks for all types of floors.
The most powerful in the range of manufactured products of prefabricated monolithic floors of the Marco system are the SMP-350 floors. In the construction of this type of floor, an additional slab with a thickness of 100 mm is used. This option allows the use of a prefabricated monolithic floor for spans of up to 10 meters.
The use of the SMP-350 system for the basement significantly reduces the heat loss of the building (as is known, about 30% of heat loss in houses without basements occurs through basement floors). The “constructive cake” of the SMP-350 floor, in which the fastening layer is made of expanded clay concrete, additional floor slabs are made of foam plastic, and cement strainer replaced with a polystyrene concrete screed that best solves the problem of insulating the ceiling and floor of the first floor of the house.
A similar design can be used for the attic floor if insulation of the roof of the house is not provided.

Frequently ribbed monolithic prefabricated floors in houses made of cellular concrete

The use of prefabricated monolithic MARCO floors makes it possible to avoid the mandatory installation of a separate monolithic belt (seismic belt) on walls made of weak-bearing materials (aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, MARCO polystyrene concrete, etc.).
Using simple technological techniques, a monolithic belt is formed simultaneously with concreting the floor slab. To do this, the floor beams are hung above the wall on inventory racks with a gap of 40-50 mm. After filling the gap with concrete, a full-fledged monolithic belt will be formed on the wall. This method of installing permanent formwork for the floor and seismic belt significantly reduces the cost of construction and shortens the time. The resulting monolithic reinforced concrete membrane holds the walls together and significantly increases the strength of buildings. A properly executed monolithic belt evenly distributes the load along the entire perimeter of the walls and prevents the formation of cracks in the event of uneven shrinkage of the foundation.

When installing house floors on walls made of materials with high load-bearing capacity (brick, concrete), you should pay attention to the possibility of reducing the number of beams by installing blocks directly on the wall. This technique reduces the consumption of fastening concrete and reduces the cost of overlapping.

Technology for constructing frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors Structurally, a frequently ribbed monolithic prefabricated floor, after pouring with concrete, becomes an analogue of a ribbed reinforced concrete floor slab. Each rib consists of a beam and a concrete core formed when concrete is poured. It is important to note that high adhesion must be ensured between the beam and the concrete core. Only in this case the element will work like monolithic reinforced concrete . The cross-sectional area of ​​concrete elements is I-beams
As we have already noted, the assembly and installation of a frequently ribbed floor during the construction of an individual residential building is quite feasible to be carried out by the developer himself, together with two physically strong assistants. By following the instructions for installing floors step by step, even an untrained person will be able to assemble permanent floor formwork. The beams are laid on the walls at intervals of 600 mm. The weight of a linear meter of beam does not exceed 17 kg. This allows, in most cases, the installation of beams without the use of a crane. The blocks are placed manually between the beams. The weight of the block is no more than 6 kg. The blocks are covered with reinforcing mesh with cells measuring 100x100 mm made of wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm.

In some cases, additional reinforcement of floors may be required, for example, for constructing balconies. Of course, constructing a second floor or third floor slab may require the use of a crane.

The prefabricated floor structure prepared in this way performs the function of a permanent floor formwork, onto which a fastening layer of monolithic concrete of class B20 (M250) is poured. Concrete is poured taking into account weather and temperature conditions. Concrete compaction is carried out using a vibrating lath or using the bayonet method. Consumption concrete mixture is 0.07-0.12 m 3 per square meter of flooring. The weight of one square meter of the finished frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floor is 230-348 kg. For comparison, the weight of a square meter of a 200 mm thick monolithic floor is 480-500 kg. Compared to monolithic floors, the volume of reinforcement and preparatory work on a construction site.
If necessary, beams and floor blocks can be easily modified directly on the construction site. This feature is often used for the construction of bay windows and rooms with complex wall configurations. The production makes it possible to ensure the accuracy of manufacturing floor beams within one centimeter, but low accuracy of wall construction often leads to the need to modify the beams on the construction site.

The fire resistance limit of the ceiling is REI 60 (60 minutes), and when using two layers of plasterboard to finish the ceilings, 120 minutes. For comparison, the same indicator for covering over corrugated sheets does not exceed 30 minutes.
Calculations show that the thermal insulation of MARCO floors is higher than that of other types of floors. This is primarily due to the fact that the composition prefabricated floor includes blocks made of polystyrene concrete, which have increased heat-shielding characteristics.

Objects with frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors

There are circumstances and construction projects in which there is simply no other solution other than installing a prefabricated monolithic floor.

Let us highlight the most typical of them:
Objects for which the reconstruction project provides for the replacement of interfloor and attic wooden or weakened floors without dismantling the roof or the repair of floors.
Objects for which the weight of the ceiling or its thickness is decisive
Objects for which the load-bearing capacity of the floor is decisive
Objects for which the heat-insulating or sound-insulating parameters of the ceiling are decisive
Objects with walls of complex configuration (bay windows, ledges)
Objects where it is impossible or impractical to use a crane or other lifting equipment
Objects for which transport, for one reason or another, cannot enter construction site.

Particularly interesting is the experience of installing prefabricated monolithic floors when replacing floors on wooden beams. In this case, the task of strengthening floors (increasing load-bearing capacity) is often set. As a rule, the thickness of the monolithic floors obtained as a result of reconstruction is even less than the thickness of the original wooden floor. Monolithic ceiling ( reinforced concrete slab overlap) is associated with load-bearing walls and strengthens them. Before the advent of frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors, in such cases, as a rule, floors on metal beams were used, the total thickness of which was 30-40% higher than the thickness of prefabricated monolithic floors. The weight of a linear meter of an I-beam metal beam with a height of 220 mm is 33.1 kg. This is 2.5 times heavier than a prefabricated monolithic floor beam. In addition, the thermal insulation of floors using metal beams is significantly less than the thermal insulation of prefabricated monolithic floors.

Finishing ceilings from prefabricated monolithic floors

To finish ceilings made of prefabricated monolithic floors, you can use plasterboard on metal or wooden frame, plastic panels, plaster, dropped ceilings like Amstrong, wooden lining and other finishing materials.

Efficiency of using frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors

The use of frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors allows:
- Reduce the weight of interfloor floors in comparison with hollow-core slabs by 30% and two times in comparison with reinforced concrete monolithic floors
- Install floors without using a crane
- Eliminate the installation of a separate monolithic belt on walls made of weak-bearing building blocks
- Eliminate the screed device for leveling the floor base
- Replace wooden and weakened floors with concrete ones
- Cover complex shaped rooms with bay windows and projections
- Carry out installation in hard-to-reach places, including in existing premises
- Reduce the cost of building floors by 30-40%
- Increase the load-bearing capacity of the floor to 1000 kg/m2
- Ensure high performance of monolithic floors of buildings in terms of thermal protection and sound insulation
- Modify the floor elements at the construction site: cut, shorten, give the required shape
- Use voids in ceilings for laying communications
- Use beams to construct powerful load-bearing lintels
- Deliver 250 sq.m. to the construction site. prefabricated floors with one machine
- Beam floors the systems combine well with walls made of any building materials.

Projects of houses with frequently ribbed prefabricated monolithic floors

I 165-6	I 183-6	K 263-0

K 305-0	K 247-3-1	I 237-5

Great video with colorful participants.
But it makes sense to once again focus the attention of forum members on the main advantages of MARCO prefabricated monolithic floors compared to other types of concrete (slabs, monolith, steel concrete) floors. In the film, some of these benefits are not mentioned at all, and some are mentioned in passing.
1. Low dead weight of the floor compared to monolith and steel concrete. Compared to slabs, approximately equal.
2. Low weight of mounting elements (beams, blocks, etc.), allowing the installation of the ceiling without the use of a crane.
3. The ability to cover large spans - 10-12 m, and, if desired, 15 m. Slabs have this opportunity, steel concrete - no more than 6 meters, the monolith after 7 meters “eats” itself with its own high weight.
4. High fire resistance (120 min), which is more than twice the capabilities of all other floors. Private customers often do not take this indicator into account, but the practice of the Ministry of Emergency Situations suggests that the high fire resistance of building structures makes it possible to localize a fire to smaller areas and volumes.
5. Possibility of optimizing floors according to load-bearing capacity. Slabs have practically no such possibility, since slabs are actually produced only for loads of 800 kg/m2 or more, it is difficult to make a monolith less than 120 mm thick due to the difficulties of installing two meshes, steel concrete “ends” at spans of 6 meters. Prefabricated monolithic floors can be made for any load.
6. High heat and sound insulation due to filling the interbeam space with low-density blocks (aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete).
7. Possibility of making floors from any building blocks (aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, warm ceramics, wood concrete, etc.). In fact, the developer can complete the walls and ceilings with blocks produced by one plant or supplier.
8. Possibility of simultaneous (in one technological operation) installation of heated floors in the ceilings. This alone reduces the cost of heated floors by more than half.
9. Use of floors during reconstruction and restoration: replacement of wooden and weakened floors, strengthening of floors.
10. Use of floor beams to form lintels (windows and doors), beams, crossbars and other bendable elements of building structures.

Unfortunately, the film does not show our new development at all - the UNIVERSAL-ACTIVE profile with perforation of the internal walls and stampings on the bottom (pictures in the attachment). The new profile had not yet reached Rostov, so they did not dare to talk about it. And in vain. After all, the use of a new profile allows, without additional costs, to significantly increase the load-bearing capacity of prefabricated monolithic floors or, other things being equal, to reduce their cost. I am sure that the new construction season will correct this omission - a progressive profile will definitely appear in Rostov and the south of Russia.