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You can install a chimney through a wall in a wooden house with your own hands. This decision is due to the fact that the installation of heating equipment is often carried out after the construction of the house has been completed. How to hoe a chimney in a wall correctly in such a situation? About this in our material.

Photo of the external chimney

Obviously, it would be correct to vent your chimney through the wall of your house in order to install a system for removing combustion products from the boiler. This is the most effective method solve the problem of.

This option for external placement of the chimney has both positive and negative sides.

The advantages of external chimney installation include:

• Significant savings on the interior space of the house. Installation of the system will not require occupying useful space in a wooden house;
• Possibility to install at any time. To install a chimney in the wall, it does not matter when the installation is carried out and what year your house was built;
• Installation is quite simple, accessible to beginners. To do everything correctly, to organize a passage through the wall, you don’t have to be a specialist;
• There is no need to cut holes in the roof slabs, violating its integrity. The same applies to partitions between floors if the wooden house has more than 1 floor.

But such a passage through the wall and attaching the chimney to the wall has negative aspects.

1. The chimney pipe will definitely have to be insulated.
2. There is a possibility of reduced draft, since passage through the wall involves the organization of horizontal pipe sections.
3. Mandatory presence of a horizontal channel. The longer it is, the lower the efficiency of the chimney, the less draft.

Safety requirements

Obviously, making a passage through the wall and bringing the chimney pipe up is easier than making holes between floors and in the roof. But since we are talking about a wooden house, the installation of a chimney is accompanied by increased requirements on fire safety issues.

Compared to brick or stone houses, which are not combustible materials, wood is not particularly compatible with elevated temperatures.

The most significant safety measure for venting a chimney through the wall of a house is to insulate the ducts from the walls to which they are adjacent. This applies to the entire length of the chimney from the boiler to the roof.

To ensure that the system meets these requirements, two methods can be used.

1. Use special materials for thermal insulation.
2. Organize a chimney with a multilayer structure.

Thermal insulation materials

To properly make the passage of the entire chimney channel through wooden house, you can use several types of thermal insulation materials.

1. Mineral wool. Rock wool works well for wrapping pipes that go through wooden walls or ceilings. Cotton wool does not burn, it is convenient to work with.
2. Asbestos. Many people are wary of asbestos because it contains carcinogens. But the thermal insulation will be located in such a way that contact of asbestos with humans is excluded. And his thermal insulation properties at a very high level.
3. Basalt cardboard. Enough interesting material with increased efficiency and long service life. You don’t have to spend a lot of money on it; pressed basalt cardboard is not afraid elevated temperature. In terms of thermal insulation qualities, it is superior to asbestos and mineral wool, and is non-toxic. The material is widely distributed in Europe.
4. Superpower. A modern thermal insulation material with excellent characteristics. Supersil is considered the most effective among the options presented, but the price is noticeably higher.

Choosing a chimney

Before you remove the chimney through the wall, you need to decide what type of chimney you are going to use.

There are many variations on the market, but not all of them are suitable for installation. wooden house. Among the most popular systems, two should be highlighted.

1. Single-wall chimney systems. They are made from galvanized sheet or of stainless steel. Single-wall systems have one significant advantage - affordable price. This option is well suited for inexpensive country houses or cottages. But if you have invested a considerable amount in your home, then it is better to abandon this idea, since single-walled steel chimneys do not have a long service life. In addition, it will be necessary to organize highly effective thermal insulation. In addition to metal pipes, single-wall systems are often made from ceramic and polymer analogues. But their cost is higher.
2. Double wall chimneys. Double-wall chimneys or sandwich systems are the optimal solution for a wooden house. The design feature is low thermal conductivity and multi-layering. The double-wall chimney device includes two pipes of different diameters, which are located inside each other, and thermal insulation material that fills the intermediate space between the pipes. When choosing a similar device for a private home, purchase one with a mother-to-male connection. Flanged designs are available commercially, but they are more suitable for industrial purposes.

To perform installation correctly when using single-wall or double-wall chimney systems, follow some recommendations. Your main guideline is the instructions for the heating equipment for which you are going to organize the chimney yourself.

1. Make markings on the wall, focusing on the level of the outlet from the heating boiler or furnace.
2. According to the markings, a hole is made in the wall. Moreover, its diameter should be one and a half times the diameter of the chimney channel. This is required so that between the chimney and wooden wall install a pass-through glass.
3. A pipe is inserted into the resulting hole. One end of it is mounted on heating equipment, and the second goes to the tee. A tee is an indispensable thing that allows you to organize effective condensate drainage.
4. A void is formed in the space between the wall of a wooden house and the pipe, which is filled with heat-insulating material.
5. A tin casing is mounted on top of the insulation.
6. A tee is already fixed to the branch pipe, on the outside of which a pipe is installed, directed vertically.
7. If the roof is gable, the pipe should reach the ridge. If the roof is flat, the end of the chimney pipe will rise above it by at least 50 centimeters.
8. Never install a chimney pipe close to the walls of a wooden house. The distance between elements is at least 20 centimeters. Use mounting brackets to achieve the desired distance.

It is not difficult to install smoke exhaust ducts through the walls of a wooden house if you carry out the passage correctly and use effective thermal insulation materials and use a chimney of appropriate quality. Installation is often done by hand.

The stove is the most important device in the bathhouse, without which it does not perform its functions. Therefore, among connoisseurs of Russian bath traditions, debates are often heard about the advantages or disadvantages of a particular method of placing and installing heat-generating equipment and the location of the chimney outlet. With the spread of sandwich pipes in Russia, external smoke removal channels have become more popular. This article will tell you how to remove a chimney through a wall with your own hands, observing all fire safety requirements.

Installing a chimney in a bathhouse is the most important task, the quality of which determines the safety of using this sanitary and hygienic facility. Therefore, most homeowners, to make a smoke removal duct, hire professional workers, whose qualifications are beyond doubt. However, it is quite possible to cope with this task with your own hands thanks to modern modular systems made of stainless steel. Depending on where the pipe passes to the street, there are 2 types of chimney:

Note! The possibility of external or internal equipment depends on the location heating device in the bath. To route the pipe through the wall, the stove must be located in close proximity to it. If the heating equipment is located in the center of the room, then it is more expedient to make a passage vertically through the roof.

Advantages of external placement

Just recently the only possible option The placement of the chimney remained internal. This option allows you to make maximum use of the heat emanating from the pipe. However, it has significant disadvantages, the biggest of which are low fire safety and bulkiness. An external chimney, in which the pipe passes through the wall, has the following advantages:

1. Compactness. It does not take up space inside the bathhouse, so it can be used in the smallest structures. This plus is especially relevant for brick chimneys, as they take up a lot of space.
2. Fire safety. In contrast, the placement of the chimney pipe inside the bathhouse, externally, according to experts, is more fireproof. This quality is very important for structures with such a high risk of fire.
3. Ease of assembly. Due to the fact that during the installation process only 1 passage through the wall is equipped, the installation of an external one is possible without resorting to the expensive services of professional craftsmen.

Note! The harsh Russian climate is a difficult test for outsiders, since a large difference between the external and internal temperatures in the pipe causes condensation to appear. When the pipe is routed through the wall, most of the chimney is laid outside the bathhouse, so Furnace efficiency decreases and fuel consumption increases. To remove these negative aspects characteristic of external smoke exhaust channels, thermal insulation is performed or special sandwich systems are used.

Chimneys that pass through a wall do not have a vertical configuration, since they are laid with 1-2 turns. Such a device reduces the traction force inside the pipe, interfering with the normal operation of the furnace. To avoid this situation, pipes of larger diameter are used for DIY installation.

Requirements for external chimneys

The safety of using the bathhouse depends on the installation of the chimney, since poor-quality installation of this element heating system According to statistics, the Ministry of Emergency Situations is one of the most common reasons fires and poisoning carbon monoxide. The following requirements apply to external smoke exhaust ducts:

Installation

Begin after installing the heating device. Modern modular ones, consisting of additional elements, are easy to install with your own hands, since this task does not require special tools or professional skills. Assembly is performed according to the following instructions:

Important! An indicator of the quality of installation is the tightness of the system. Check the correctness of your actions by lighting the stove: if the smoke quickly leaves the firebox, you have completed this task. The appearance of smoke indicates poor quality assembly; if you notice this warning signal, check all seams and eliminate defects.

Video instruction

It was decided to make a fireplace, equip a boiler room, it is necessary to provide for the exit of smoke from the building: the chimney is installed strictly according to building codes. There should be no risk of smoke entering the rooms. This is unsafe for people's health and life.

Types of chimneys

IN frame house It is possible to install two types of chimneys - external and internal. The internal one is mounted directly in the building. Its installation is not always convenient. The main disadvantage of this chimney is that it reduces the area of ​​the room. Also, a pipe passing through all floors of the cottage can spoil the interior. It will have to be decorated somehow so that it fits into the design of the premises.

The external chimney runs along the façade. It is brought outside through the wall of the building. Advantages of this type of chimney:

• safety for people, there is no risk of smoke entering the room;
• low price on installations;
• ease of decoration, you can use inexpensive materials to cover the chimney. If desired, you can leave the pipes open.

The only disadvantage of an external chimney is that it cannot be made perfectly straight; you will have to provide for bypassing the roof overhangs. But chimney manufacturers produce not only straight pipes, but also those with bends. Therefore, the structure is made of pipes different shapes, which makes it easy to bypass overhangs.

Materials for creating a chimney

Metal

A practical option for a chimney is metal. Its advantages:

• low cost;
• low weight of the structure;
• ease of installation.

A metal chimney consists of several parts:

• an internal pipe through which smoke passes;
• thermal insulation that protects the inner pipe from frost in winter;
• outer pipe, which is decorative. It is made of stainless steel, so it does not collapse under the influence of dampness and precipitation.

Brick

The external brick chimney looks solid. But its construction is complex, so its assembly must be carried out by specialists. The advantages of this type of chimney are reliability and aesthetics. Flaws:

• heavy weight, which will place a serious load on the foundation of the building;
• gradual destruction of brick under the influence of condensate and combustion products;
• high construction cost.

Chimney installation location

If a chimney is installed inside a building, it is better to install it in the corner of the room. Then it will become less noticeable, and it will be easier for residents to arrange the interior of the room.

It is better to install the external chimney from the end frame house. In this case, it will not violate the design of the cottage facade.

How to install a chimney outside

When building an external chimney, it is necessary to provide a hole in the wall through which the pipe will be led out to the street. The hole must be made carefully; it should be slightly larger in size than the diameter of the chimney. It is necessary to leave space between the wall and the pipe for installing thermal insulation. It must be laid so that cold air from the street does not penetrate into the gaps between the frame and the chimney.

If an internal chimney is installed, then a hole is provided in the roof of the frame house. Where the structure passes through the interfloor ceilings, thermal insulation is also installed to prevent frosty air from entering the room.

The upper part of the chimney is closed with a lid. It must be installed so that smoke can freely penetrate through it. The cover is installed to prevent contamination and precipitation from entering the structure. If a blockage occurs, smoke will not escape through the pipe into the street, but will accumulate in the house, and this is unsafe for its residents.

To remove gases from the heating system, a chimney is installed, which is vented to the street through the roof or through the wall. The passage through the roof is carried out during the construction of the channel simultaneously with the construction of the building. When replacing a heating source, a situation arises when it is more advisable to remove the chimney through the wall. For each method, there are rules and regulations regulating how to properly remove the chimney.

Roof pipe installation location

The optimal place to exit the pipe through the roof would be at a distance of up to 1.5 meters from the ridge. Stove makers and roofers are unanimous in recommending this location because it offers several benefits:

• There is no need to build a high pipe, which means minimal wind load and rare condensation formation.
• IN winter time A small amount of snow accumulates near the structure and no leaks occur.

Note! If the pipe is installed three meters from the ridge, according to SNiP rules, its upper edge must be flush with the ridge. When extending the structure further than three meters, an angle of more than 10 degrees should not form between its top and the ridge line. On flat roof a pipe with a height of 0.5 to 1 meter is installed.

Valleys are not recommended for installing a chimney, where at the inner corner of the junction of adjacent slopes it is difficult to make a high-quality connection of the pipe to prevent water leakage. When located under the roof of a residential attic, you cannot install a chimney near its windows; the wind will direct the smoke in their direction.

Choosing a passage design

The design of the unit through which the chimney is discharged depends on the material of the pipe. Common types include brick, stainless steel, galvanized steel, and ceramics. The choice of material is determined by the type of fuel used, if gas is released during combustion high temperature causes overheating of the chimney, then metal cannot be used. Its high thermal conductivity contributes to heating of the surrounding structure and can cause a fire. The chimney for such fuel has thick walls, and the top is equipped with a spark arrester. Steel chimneys are installed at flue gas temperatures below 400ºC.

The shape of the chimney also matters; popular options are square and rectangular pipes. This choice is due to the availability of ready-made additional elements used to construct the passage. View roofing one of the most important factors.

Note! Depending on the resistance of the roof to fire, the size of the fire gap is selected. For flammable materials it is 13–20 cm.

Smoke duct box

Any roof contains a layer of vapor and waterproofing. The integrity of these sheets determines the tightness of the roof, the absence of leaks and wetting of the insulation. Bringing a chimney through the roof requires creating a hole in the roof, including not only the size of the pipe, but also the fire-prevention distance to the sheathing and roofing pie, determined by the relevant standards.

Note! The optimal solution will be the production of a box at the passage point.

The junction of the chimney is limited on the sides rafter legs, the upper and lower parts are made of cross beams, selected according to the size of the rafters. After making the box, the roofing cake is cut according to the principle of an envelope. The edges of the vapor and waterproofing sheets are placed on the rafters and beams and secured with nails or staples. Additionally, their edges are glued with adhesive tape. Damage to insulation must be compensated by carefully sealing its edges. For further finishing attic space The waterproofing will be pressed against the sheathing strips.

The free space between the pipe and the box is filled with fire-resistant insulation. The tightness of the pipe passage is ensured by installing an apron. Its upper part is laid outside and placed under the roofing material.

Joint insulation

For withdrawal round pipes a ready-made soft penetration made of silicone or rubber with a flange attached to the slope is used. The element has different sizes and it is easy to match the pipe diameter. Silicone seal is suitable for any passage slope. This option is suitable for metal pipe, not heated above 100ºC. At a higher degree of heating, a metal cup with a skirt is used, which is placed on the pipe. The skirt is attached to the roof with self-tapping screws. The skirt is covered roofing material with obligatory gluing with sealant. The passage of the brick pipe is covered by the elements that come with the roofing material.

The joint between the pipe and natural tiles is sealed using an elastic tape containing aluminum and lead. The bottom side with the adhesive composition is applied to the bottom of the pipe and to the roof. It is secured to the pipe with a metal strip, the upper edge of which is covered with sealant. Connection with soft roof also insulated with elastic tape.

Output through the wall

When installing a chimney, when the stove is located near the wall, it is easier to remove the gas exhaust channel not through the roof, but through the wall. This design has its advantages:

• space saving;
• accessibility of installation;
• the roof seal is not damaged.

Among the disadvantages are:

• the need for insulation;
• loss of part of the heat escaping through the chimney;
• the presence of a horizontal section that negatively affects traction.

Installation

The diameter of the chimney pipe depends on the power of the heating boiler, and the height takes into account the optimal draft level. The design of this chimney model consists of an external vertical channel and a horizontal chimney connecting the outer pipe and the boiler. The work begins with choosing the place where the pipe will exit the room. The hole in the wall is made according to the size of the channel plus insulation. The horizontal pipe is connected to the boiler using standard adapters and passes through the wall at an angle of 90º. It is fixed on the wall using special brackets. The connection to the external channel is performed at an angle of 90º. Installing a tee with a cleaning cup and a condensate drain pipe will ensure the possibility of cleaning and uninterrupted operation. An inexpensive single-circuit system with one stainless steel wall or a double-circuit system is used as a chimney - the optimal device having a layer of thermal insulation between two pipes. Such a system is protected from damage and provides a sufficient level of fire safety.

The outer pipe is evenly attached to the wall every 1–2 meters; metal brackets are used for this.

Note! The location of the horizontal pipe passing through wooden wall must be insulated with heat-resistant material - asbestos fiber, steel.

Video

How to install a chimney through finished roof, see below:

The fuel heating system of a private house involves the intensive formation of exhaust gases generated during fuel combustion. This requires the creation of special devices that ensure the removal of exhaust gases from the house - chimneys. The more complex and powerful the heating system, the more attention needs to be paid to the design of chimneys and their installation.

1. Chimneys in heating systems

Any heating system in a private home has a heat source. Today there are three main sources of thermal energy used for heating country houses:

• Electrical energy converted into heat
• Fuel energy
• Solar energy

For quality heating In most year-round homes, fuel-based heating is used. Electric is too expensive, and solar collector is still too poorly developed.

The main types of fuel in a private home are gas, heating oil, wood, peat, etc. Thermal energy In general, it is produced during the combustion of any of these types of fuel. In this case, the reaction involves large mass air needed for the oxidation of flammable substances. As a result of the chemical reaction, exhaust gases are released, most of them containing toxic impurities.

Having a system that removes these harmful exhaust gases is an urgent need. Creating a chimney as an element of this system is an engineering task that has been proven over centuries.

2. Operating principle of the chimney

The exhaust gas removal system is based on physical features behavior of gases when heated. They expand and tend upward - due to the fact that denser cold masses seem to squeeze them out, and the force of the squeeze exceeds the force of attraction of gas molecules to the Earth. This process is called convection and underlies all air exchange in nature. If we consider a residential enclosed space, then this process consists of lifting more light air to the ceiling, cooling at the top point and subsequent settling down.

It is clear that in a closed space air masses periodically rise, cool and fall down. To avoid air stagnation, a ventilation system is installed - when hotter air leaves the room, and it is replaced by colder air coming from outside. In the simplest case, such ventilation is called natural. Forced ventilation ensures faster air exchange.

In the case of exhaust gases, such ventilation is at least insufficient - exhaust gases entering the premises are unacceptable. The simplest way turned out to be to enclose the exhaust gases in a certain volume, separated from the interior space of the room. In other words, into the chimney.

The hot smoke generated by burning fuel tends upward and enters the chimney pipe. If it is closed at the top, the smoke, having cooled, can fall down and get back into the room. Everyone knows cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in private homes - when the smoke does not completely leave a closed room.

3. Requirements for the chimney

Exist General requirements to the chimney in private houses

1. Good draft - the greater the height difference from the bottom to the top point of the chimney pipe, the better it is
2. Good thermal insulation of the chimney pipe
3. Sufficient chimney width
4. The material from which the chimney is made must withstand high temperatures
5. Access to convenient cleaning of the chimney from solid deposits
6. Isolation of the top point from precipitation and other influences

4. Chimney pipe material

The chimney must be made of sufficiently durable and non-flammable material. The most commonly used chimneys are made of brick and steel. Brick chimneys are laid out in the form of a hollow column. Steel chimneys are pipes of a fairly large diameter compared to water and gas pipes - from 100 to 300 mm.

A combination of materials is possible for the purpose of thermal insulation of the pipe.

5. Insulation of the chimney pipe

It should be noted that the temperature of the exhaust gases when leaving the heating boiler is quite high - about 500 C. This imposes special requirements on the chimney, because it comes into contact with elements of house structures. If brick absorbs some of the heat, then metal is an excellent thermal conductor.

The chimney must be thermally insulated to prevent burns from accidental contact and even fire of the materials from which the house is built.

To do this, the pipe is enclosed in a thermally insulated shell, and a thermos-type structure is obtained. Can serve as insulation mineral wool, glass wool, expanded clay, etc. - any non-flammable insulation. The industry produces ready-made chimneys made of the sandwich type, in which the insulation is laid between the two walls of the chimney.

The diameter of the pipe is taken and the cross-sectional area is calculated to be at least 8 cm2 per 1 kW of heater power.

There is also an option for an insulated chimney - a double pipe, which is separated from the inner one by a layer of insulation. Today, pipes are popular, the inner part of which is metal and the outer part is made of ceramic. This design is ideal from the point of view of thermal insulation from high smoke temperatures, but is quite expensive.

6. Methods for installing a chimney

Brick chimneys have significant weight - at a standard height two-story house– up to 2-3 tons. They need to be installed from the very floor of the first floor. The large weight of a brick chimney requires laying a separate foundation. Special bends from the boiler are installed into the brick chimney.

Metal chimneys can be mounted directly above the boiler. The fewer bends the pipe undergoes, the easier it is to clean it and the more intense the removal of exhaust gases will be.

If the chimney is located inside the house, then holes are made for it in the upper ceiling and roof. The top point of the chimney should be at the level of the top point of the ridge. Chimney openings must be carefully insulated from the floor and roof material.

Often in small houses The internal location of the chimney is inconvenient - primarily for reasons of space saving. The chimney pipe can be taken outside and mounted on the wall of the house. Such a chimney cannot be insulated as much, since it is in contact with the outside air.

A pipe led outside the house can even introduce interesting nuances into design solutions.

When using the chimney Special attention You need to pay attention to its timely cleaning - solid unburned fuel particles constantly settle on its walls.

7. Conclusion

The chimney is an important component of the heating system and, at the same time, a fairly voluminous element of the structure of the house. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the choice of chimney and its installation. It is better to entrust the construction of a high-quality chimney to specialists - after all, this important element general ventilation systems, and incorrect installation can lead to serious consequences.