When implementing many projects, capital construction or reconstruction of buildings and structures is carried out with the installation of new equipment or specialized processes. Such work may include the installation of fire extinguishing systems, electrical supply, air conditioning, ventilation, fire alarm. All of them require commissioning work; for this purpose, commissioning programs have recently been increasingly drawn up.

What is PNR and why are they carried out?

According to SNiP, commissioning work is a set of activities that are carried out during the preparation of complex testing and individual tests installed equipment. This includes inspecting, testing and adjusting equipment to achieve design specifications.

All these manipulations are usually carried out on a contractual basis by specialized organizations that have the necessary permits and a staff of qualified specialists. The necessary conditions for their activities on the site (industrial sanitation, occupational safety) are organized by the customer, who also pays for the commissioning work at the expense of the general estimate for putting the facility into operation. All operations must be carried out by personnel of the commissioning organization, instructed and certified for each specific case, under the supervision of a responsible representative from the customer.

There are two main stages in commissioning activities:

• Individual tests are activities that are designed to ensure that the requirements that are specified are met. technical specifications, standards and working documentation for testing units, machines and mechanisms. The purpose of individual tests is to prepare for comprehensive testing in the presence of a working commission.
• Complex tests are actions carried out after the mechanisms are accepted by the working commission, and the complex testing itself itself. At the same time, the interconnected joint operation of all installed equipment is checked at idle, then under load, after which the technological mode envisaged by the project is reached.

Although this is not prescribed by law, in recent years the customer has increasingly required that a commissioning program be drawn up for testing work. This gives confidence that not a single nuance will be missed, and the operation of all systems will comply with approved standards and design documentation.

How is the commissioning program compiled and what does it include?

The commissioning program is a document that clearly outlines the entire list of actions that will be carried out by the responsible organization. On the Internet you can see discussions about whether the commissioning methodology should be included in the Program or whether it should be drawn up as a separate document. There are no clear requirements regarding this, so it all depends on the agreements of the parties. A sample for each specific situation can be easily found on the Internet.

The program is drawn up and approved by a representative of the commissioning company and agreed upon by the customer; the signatures and seals of the parties are placed in the header of the document. Next are the following sections (as an example, let’s take the preparation of a hotel heating system):

• checking the correct installation, readiness and serviceability of equipment in visual mode (control devices, shut-off valves, filling the system with water), based on the results, a defective statement is drawn up;
• adjustment tests under operating conditions, balance experiments (installation optimal modes, testing valve control in manual and automatic mode, checking automation settings, identifying deficiencies and developing proposals for eliminating them), the result is an individual test report;
• comprehensive testing (72 hours of continuous operation for all major equipment, 24 hours for heating networks), its beginning is considered to be the time when all systems are started at maximum load.

Some companies document all activities directly related to the preparation and testing of devices in a separate document - the Commissioning Methodology, which comes as an addition to the Program. In the Program they include more general things of an organizational nature. That is, there is an actual division of the entire complex of work into organizational, legal and technical components. However, the Methodology is often an integral part of the main body of the approved Program.

The following additional documents may be part of the Program:

• passports of ventilation, heating and hot water supply systems, as well as individual components of their connection;
• the procedure for preparing and subsequently conducting commissioning operations with a list of all operations, their start and end times;
• list of stationary and portable measuring instruments (pressure gauges, thermometers, etc.);
• list of control and shut-off valves, equipment (pumps, valves, heat exchangers, filters);
• a list of control points and measurement protocol for each of them;
• a list of parameters that require clarification and adjustment (air humidity and temperature, pressure in pipes, coolant flow rates);
• methodology for measuring heat losses from building structures (a special report is drawn up and a certificate is issued).

After completion of all commissioning works, comprehensive testing and operational testing, a commissioning report is drawn up with the relevant appendices (a list of mechanisms and equipment on which adjustment and testing were carried out).

The technical report is usually issued by an involved specialized organization within one month.

PROGRAM

commissioning of electrical equipment

and automation systems of the Ventilation and Air Conditioning facility

1. General Provisions

Commissioning program for electrical equipment and automation systems of the object “Modernization of excitation systems. Ventilation and air conditioning"(hereinafter referred to as the Program) developed on the basis of a contract

Operating manual for two-channel meter-regulator 2ТРМ1.

Also, when developing the Program, the following regulatory and technical documentation was used:

Scope and standards for testing electrical equipment. RD 34.45-51.300-97. Moscow 1998;

Rules for electrical installations, 7th ed. Ch. 1.8; Moscow 2006;

Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations. POT RM-016-2001. RD 153-34.0-03.150-00;

Industry-specific regulatory and methodological documentation on setup and maintenance of electrical devices and automation equipment;

In accordance with this Program, work is carried out on testing, adjustment and testing of electrical equipment, automation systems, alarms and temperature control autonomous systems air conditioning Rk-TG13 and Rk-TG14 (rooms of excitation systems M102-2 and M103-2, respectively).

The program determines the locations, volumes, methods and sequence of commissioning work, evaluation criteria technical condition and the suitability of the systems and elements of electrical equipment, automation, alarms and temperature control being adjusted for operation; a set of devices, fixtures, testing equipment, tools used in the work, as well as the necessary safety measures during the work.

2. Purpose of commissioning and stages of work

2.1. The purpose of this Program:

Establish compliance of the actual characteristics of the equipment being adjusted (cable communications, electrical devices, switching and signaling equipment, monitoring and control devices, automation and signaling, etc.) with the established criteria in the design, design and regulatory documentation;

Get quantitative and quality characteristics established power supply, control, monitoring and alarm systems, which will ensure their reliable operation over a long period of subsequent operation;

At the stages of individual testing and comprehensive testing, check the functioning of systems and equipment put into operation in accordance with design algorithms and in accordance with the requirements of design and engineering (factory) documentation.

2.2. Commissioning works for the object within the scope of this Program consist of:

Preparatory work;

Adjustment work carried out before individual tests;

Adjustment work carried out during individual tests;

Adjustment work carried out during the period of comprehensive testing of equipment;

Reporting technical documentation at the stages of individual testing and comprehensive testing.

2.3. At the stage preparatory work are executed:

Analysis design solutions And circuit diagrams project;

Development and approval of the Commissioning Program;

Issuance to the Customer of comments on the project identified during the analysis of the electrical part of the project and development of the Program;

Preparation of instrumentation, testing equipment and devices.

2.4. During adjustment work carried out before individual tests, the following is performed:

Carrying out an external inspection, checking the installed equipment and equipment, instruments for compliance with the project;

Issuance of a conclusion on the completeness and compliance of the installation work performed with the project;

Issuing comments on the quality of installation and design solutions identified during commissioning (if necessary);

Checking the correct installation of primary and secondary connections of switchgears and blocks remote control, issuing comments and measures to eliminate identified deficiencies (if necessary);

Checking the connection of metal parts of electrical equipment with grounding devices;

Testing (loading) of releases circuit breakers 0.4 kV from an external source (type releases SNR 22 SE switches of KRUZA assemblies 5СМЭ001 (cells 7B and 8А), 5СМЭ002 (cell 7B), circuit breaker type AP50B-3MT of feeder No. 3 of PR 155SN assembly, as well as automatic switches of air conditioner control panels);

Preliminary check of insulation of cores of power and control cables, monitoring of phasing;

Mechanical inspection, adjustment, check, tuning electrical characteristics relay-contactor equipment, control devices, signal fittings in automation, control and alarm circuits;

Mechanical inspection, checking the characteristics of electric drives of condenser and air handling units;

Examination heating elements(heating elements) installed in air handling units;

Testing cable connections, connecting cable connections to rows of terminals of control panels, remote control units, to electric drives and primary sensors;

Insulation resistance testing and high voltage testing of power supply, automation, control, monitoring and alarm circuits;

Testing the operation of individual sections of circuits when they are powered from an external source.

2.5. During adjustment work carried out at the stage of individual tests, the following is performed:

Supply voltage 380V to terminal block X1 of the control panel of each air conditioner according to permanent scheme power supply:

No.	Name air conditioner	Name supply assembly	Feeder no.	Type circuit breaker	Type release
	Rk-TG13. D01	PR 155SN	№3 (SF3)	AP50B-3MT (40A)
	Rk-TG13. D02	5C ME001	No. 7B	NS100 N (100A)	STR22SE
	Rk-TG1 4 . D01	5C ME002	No. 7B	NS100 N (100A)	STR22SE
	Rk-TG1 4 . D02	5C ME001	No. 8A	NS100 N (100A)	STR22SE

Monitoring the indication of power supply to the air conditioner control circuit at the local control panel (lamp H 1) and on the remote control unit (lamp H2);

Checking the circuit for turning on the fan of the air handling unit (electric motor M1). Tumblr S.W. 1 to the “local” position, buttons S 5 "stop" and S 7 “start” are located on the panel of the air handling unit; toggle switch S.W. 1 to the “remote” position, buttons S 4 "stop" and S 6 “start” are located on the remote remote control unit (RCU), when you turn on the fan from the RCU, check the operation indication - lamp H3 “operation” lights up;

Checking the air conditioner switching circuit in case of power failure (relays K5, K8, their block contacts);

Checking the functionality and setting the temperature meter-controller (on the control unit) to parameters for further testing of the air conditioner;

Checking the circuit for switching on the heating elements: with M1 turned on, by setting the temperature on the meter-regulator, we achieve activation of the KM3 starter;

Checking the compressor switching circuit (M2 electric motor) and solenoid valve Y 1: with M1 turned on, by setting the temperature on the meter-regulator, we achieve the activation of the KM2 starter and with a delay of 3 seconds. valve actuation Y 1. Check the technological opening (operation) of the valve Y 1 without time delay from toggle switch SW 11;

Checking the power supply circuit of the compressor crankcase electric heater (loss of power when the compressor is turned on);

Simulation of thermal relay activation F 1, F 2 and a built-in thermal relay for the electric motor of the condenser unit in the power supply circuit of the fan of the air exchange unit;

Checking the blocking of the air conditioner control circuit when the alarm system is activated;

Checking the operation of air duct fire damper drives from air conditioner control circuits.

2.6. During the stage of individual testing and upon its completion, the personnel of the electrical shop (EC) accepts the installed and adjusted electrical equipment of the air conditioning systems for rooms M102-2 and M103-2 into operation for further comprehensive testing. The commissioning personnel of the JSC make entries in logs at the workplaces of the operating personnel of EC Unit 5 about the completion of commissioning at the stage of individual testing of electrical equipment, automation systems, control and temperature control and about its readiness for comprehensive testing. These records are confirmed by the EC personnel who accepted the above equipment.

After carrying out individual tests, the commissioning site transfers to the Customer a certificate of completion of commissioning work at the stage of individual tests under this Program in 1 (one) copy and an acceptance certificate for the electrical equipment of the air conditioning systems of the premises of the excitation systems TG-13, 14 after individual tests (the certificate is prepared in 5 ( five) copies). The following adjustment protocols are attached to the acceptance certificate after individual testing of the equipment in 1 copy:

Checking the connection of metal enclosures of electrical equipment (cabinets, panels, junction boxes, electric motors of various drives) with the grounding circuit (main);

Measurements of insulation resistance of power and control cables, control and signaling circuits, testing of insulation of control circuits with increased voltage 1000 V 50 Hz;

Adjustment of 0.4 kV power supply cells for air conditioners (assemblies PR155SN, 5 C ME001 and 5 C ME002)

After completion of the individual testing stage, the operating personnel of the EC are given the 1st copy of the fundamental principles, corrected based on the results of the commissioning work. electrical circuits, necessary for the operation of electrical equipment, as well as automation and control systems. The remaining protocols for setting up electrical equipment, automation and control systems are transferred in 1 copy within a month after completion of comprehensive testing.

2.7. Work at the comprehensive testing stage is carried out by personnel from the Novovo NPP workshops with the participation of commissioning personnel. When conducting a comprehensive testing of equipment, the following work is performed:

The technological units of the air conditioner and pipelines are prepared and checked (measures in accordance with clause 10.3. “Preparing the air conditioner for operation” of the operating manual). The valves on the receiver and condenser unit, as well as the suction and discharge valves of the compressor must be open, and the refrigerant pressure in the system is checked for compliance with the ambient air temperature.

The functioning of the technological and electrical systems of air conditioners is checked in all possible modes, taking into account the set operating parameters set on the BDU meter-regulator.

The operation of the alarm circuits for the operation of air conditioners and the alarm for the current temperature in the room (from a manometric thermometer) to the Uran-V device (IVS, room E-303) are checked.

The air conditioners are checked for disconnection from the APS and the fire dampers of the air ducts are closed.

2.8. After completion of the comprehensive testing, the commissioning site of JSC "ESM" transfers to the Customer (EC personnel) a certificate of completion of adjustment work at this stage (in one copy) and an acceptance certificate for the electrical equipment of the air conditioning systems of the premises of the excitation systems TG-13, 14 after a comprehensive testing (the certificate is being prepared in 5 (five) copies).

3. Distribution of duties and responsibilities when performing work

3.1. Responsible persons and performers when working under the Program:

The person responsible for the safe and high-quality implementation commissioning work at all stages (before and during individual tests, during comprehensive testing of electrical equipment) performed by the personnel of the JSC is the head of the commissioning and commissioning section. Responsible person for the organization safe production works in the existing electrical installations of the power unit, carrying out operational switchings for decommissioning and commissioning of electrical equipment, during individual tests and comprehensive testing of established equipment is the Deputy Head of the Electrical Center for Operation of Unit No. 5. Responsible person for the correct and safe performance of work related to operational switching, admission of PNR ZAO personnel to distribution devices 0.4 kV, the shift manager of the electrical workshop of power unit No. 5 (PS EC unit 5) is in the production premises with electrical equipment.

The commissioning site personnel are the performer of adjustment work under the Program. The EC staff supervises and controls the quality of work, takes part in the final and acceptance operations of commissioning works, and organizes individual tests and comprehensive testing of equipment. Registration, analysis and verification of test results of electrical equipment for compliance with specified criteria and algorithms is carried out by the personnel of the commissioning site, who also processes the results obtained and draws up protocols for the commissioning work.

Responsibility for the correct execution of work, for the organization and implementation of the safety measures required by the Program lies with the head of the commissioning site and those performing work under the program.

3.2 When carrying out work under the Program, the administration is responsible for the qualifications of the personnel of the commissioning site and their compliance with the requirements of technological and production instructions, regulatory documents, rules and instructions on labor protection and fire safety

NVNPP is responsible for organizing safe work, preparing workplaces and allowing PNR personnel of ESM CJSC to work, providing work sites with safety signs, fencing and shielding devices, and collective protective equipment when working in existing electrical installations of the power unit.

4. Safety and security requirements environment

4.1. The safety of commissioning work is ensured by:

The qualifications and discipline of the personnel participating in the work under the Program;

Compliance with the requirements of the “Inter-industry rules for labor protection (Safety Rules) during the operation of electrical installations” POT RM - 016 2001 (RD 153-34.0-03-00);

Compliance with the “Fire Safety Rules”;

Compliance with the “Safety Rules when working with tools and devices” regarding the requirements for the work performed;

Carrying out work in the scope provided for by this Program, in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and production and technological documentation;

Conducting a targeted briefing before starting work outlining safety measures for the work being performed.

4.2. During the briefing Special attention should pay attention to safety issues during work:

Safe routes for personnel to travel to the work area;

With the supply of voltage to the mounted electrical equipment according to temporary schemes during the combined production of electrical installation and commissioning work;

In the conditions of existing electrical installations when carrying out operations to check the presence of voltage, during phasing, measuring insulation resistance, using ladders, stands, temporary scaffolding;

4.3. The personnel of the commissioning site must be approved by the order of the chief engineer of the NVNPP for admission to existing electrical installations as responsible managers, work performers and team members.

4.4. Work in existing electrical installations is carried out according to orders or orders in accordance with the requirements of the “Inter-industry rules for labor protection (Safety Rules) during the operation of electrical installations” POT RM - 016 2001 (RD 153-34.0-03-00). The work order for commissioning work on 0.4 kV assemblies is issued to the commissioning site team, which must include at least 2 people; the appointment of a responsible work manager in this case is not required. The work foreman and team members must have an electrical safety group of at least III. For each member with group III, a team is allowed to include one employee with group II, but the total number of team members with group II should be no more than 3 (three). The work order is issued by a person from among the administrative and technical personnel of the EC, who has the right to issue work orders to the personnel of ESM CJSC for work in the electrical installations of Unit No. 5 of the NVNPP;

4.5. The admission of the commissioning site crew is carried out by the operating personnel of the electrical center for the maintenance of power unit No. 5 in accordance with the requirements of the “Inter-industry rules for labor protection (Safety Rules) during the operation of electrical installations” POT RM - 016 2001 (RD 153-34.0-03-00). Supervision during work, registration of breaks in work, transfers to new workplace and completion of work is also carried out in accordance with the specified RD.

4.6. After admitting the team and providing it with targeted instructions from the moment the work begins, the work manager must monitor compliance with labor safety rules himself and all members of the team. If unforeseen deviations or violations occur during the work under the Program, the work must be stopped and measures must be taken to eliminate the violation. Re-admission to work is permitted by a person who has stopped working and after an unscheduled targeted briefing.

4.7. When working in electrical installations and production premises with existing electrical equipment of the unit:

Commissioning personnel must wear safety helmets;

The devices used, instruments and equipment with metal cases must be grounded;

4.8. During work it is prohibited:

Unauthorized performance of work, expansion of jobs and scope of work determined by the issued work order (order);

Use of faulty tools, instruments and devices that have not passed the insulated tool test when performing live work in electrical installations;

Work in poorly lit workplaces.

4.9. When carrying out commissioning work combined with electrical installation work, access of unauthorized personnel (including electrical installation personnel) to the area where equipment is located, to which voltage is supplied from an external source, must be excluded. The performance of work in the coverage area of ​​another work order must be agreed upon with the employee who issued this work order or with the responsible manager (work performer) for the work order.

4.10. Responsibility for organizing compliance with the requirements for safe work under the Program lies with:

Head of the PNR section;

Performers of work under the program.

4.11. The development and implementation of individual environmental protection measures during the commissioning process under this Program is not required.

5. Need for testing and inspection facilities

During commissioning, measuring instruments, testing equipment, and devices are used that have been verified, calibrated, certified and Maintenance in accordance with the requirements for each position. Information about measuring instruments, testing installations and devices, tools used for commissioning work by object, summarized in a table. It is allowed to use instruments and equipment of other types with similar characteristics that have passed verification (calibration, certification).

p/p	Name	Type	Qty	Technical characteristics
1	2	3	4	5
			1 set
	Telephone headset	TMG-8A	2 sets
	Megaohmmeter	ES 0210/2 - G	1 PC.	1000-2500 V
	Digital multimeter	ARRA-98 II	1 PC.
	Combination device	Ts43101	1 PC.
	Ammeter	E539	1 PC.	5-10 A
	Voltmeter	E545	1 PC.	75-600 V
	Load transformer	NT-12	1 PC.
	Current transformer	TTI-125	1 PC.	2000/5 A
	Autotransformer	TDGC2-7K	1 PC.	2 8 A
	Current clamps	M266S	1 PC.
	Device for measuring relay protection parameters	RETOM-21	1 set
	Electrical insulation strength measuring device	RETOM-2500	1 set	0 - 2500 V
	Electronic stopwatch	Account-1M	1 PC.
	Phase indicator	I517M	1 PC.	500 V

6. List of controlled parameters

The magnitude of the insulation resistance of electrical devices, control and power cables, diagrams of secondary connections (control circuits, alarms and temperature control), etc.;

Resistance of contact connections at the points of connection of metal casings of electrical equipment with a grounding device;

The magnitude of the applied test voltage, leakage currents through the insulation and test time when testing secondary connection circuits with an increased voltage of 1000 V;

The magnitude of the loading current and the operating time of the circuit breaker releases;

The magnitude of the actuation and release voltage of relay contact equipment;

6.2. During the commissioning process, all monitored parameters are entered into work logs. The pages of the workbook must be numbered, laced and sealed.

6.3. After completion of the work, inspection protocols are drawn up; sample forms of the main protocols for the equipment being adjusted are given in the appendices to this Program.

7. Completion criteria

Commissioning projects are considered successfully completed if:

Remarks on installation and design identified during the commissioning process have been eliminated;

Electrical parameters of equipment, devices, relay-contactor equipment, switches correspond to the manufacturer’s values ​​and the requirements of regulatory and design documentation;

The metal housings of electrical equipment are grounded, the value of the transition resistance in the contacts of the connections of the grounding conductors with the grounded elements does not exceed 0.05 Ohm;

The insulation resistance value of the secondary switching circuits (control, protection and alarm) with all connected devices is at least 1 MOhm;

Control, protection and alarm circuits, individual relays and other equipment elements function clearly at a supply voltage of 0.8 Un and 1.0 Un;

The time-current characteristics of automatic circuit breakers with unregulated releases correspond to the values ​​specified in the manufacturer’s documentation;

On releases with adjustable parameters, the protection response settings are configured in accordance with the received task;

The equipment and secondary connection circuits withstood high voltage testing;

The technological electrical equipment of air conditioning systems was successfully tested under operating voltage;

Any specialist in the field of construction should know what commissioning and commissioning is. The decoding of this abbreviation, as well as several others, will be presented below.

Design and survey work

An abbreviation of three letters - PIR - denotes a complex of works on the implementation of engineering surveys, preparation of projects, development of economic and technical justifications and working documentation, drawing up estimate documentation for construction (it may be new or involve reconstruction, as well as expansion). Depending on what conditions are specified in the contract, these works can be carried out either by the general designer or by the design customer. Have you thought about what PNR is? The definition of the abbreviation is presented in the article. Engineering surveys are carried out to obtain data on the natural conditions of the territory where construction is supposed to take place. The information obtained is an important part of the data for the project. Engineering surveys are carried out by specialized organizations that have licenses. In some cases, structural units and organizations, namely survey departments, can act as performers. Have you come across the concept of "PNR"? The explanation of this abbreviation is presented below.

Depending on the complexity and size of the project being designed, geotechnical surveys are carried out by one or more organizations. In the second case, one company acts as a general contractor, while the rest perform subcontracting functions. If we consider all cases, then in most of them the entire scope of work for a particular construction is carried out by one organization. If you are interested in deciphering design and installation work, construction and commissioning, then it is important to read the information presented below.

If we talk about the first abbreviation, then during the period of economic reforms most of the exploration organizations in Russia became joint-stock companies. Some were divided into small enterprises. An interesting fact is that many of them never changed their names, leaving the abbreviation TISIZ, which stands for “trust of engineering and construction surveys.”

Research objectives

The initial data and requirements for the results are established in the assignment, which is issued by the customer or design organization. According to SNiP 11.02-96, five types of surveys can be distinguished. In addition to these five types, engineering surveys There are 10 types of work that are auxiliary in nature. This may include soil studies, risk assessment and hazards from man-made and natural processes. This list is not complete.

What is construction and installation work?

Construction and installation work and commissioning, the explanation of which will be known to you after reading the article, relate to the field of construction. involve a set of activities that are carried out on construction site. As final result Such work is a finished structure or a building put into operation. Installation work involve a process that consists of several steps, including preparation, main work, auxiliary and transport. At the first stage, the design and estimate documentation is studied and reviewed. If it is missing, then the relevant companies are developing it. These documents include the agreed and then approved project, estimates and specifications, as well as explanatory note. Based on the construction and installation work, the cost of materials and all work is calculated, equipment is proposed, and construction timeframes are negotiated.

The second stage of construction and installation work

The next step is organizational and technical preparation. During this process, an agreement is signed, a schedule and financing are agreed upon, and the delivery dates for the equipment are determined. It is important to take into account the seasonal factor, which determines the completion of work at the beginning of the period.

Stage-by-stage construction and installation work

The process of construction and installation work itself involves rough manipulations, namely laying the main line, installing equipment, testing, etc., which can hinder the start of subsequent work. The next stage is finishing work, such as installation of sensors, drives and other things. Installation work is carried out entirely in accordance with technical regulations, technology and standards. Specialists carry out quality control at every stage, compile necessary documentation. At the fourth stage, individual tests are carried out and installed systems are analyzed.

Description of commissioning work

If you are interested in the abbreviation PNR, the decoding of this abbreviation and its meaning is given below. - this is a whole complex of manipulations that involves verification, subsequent adjustment and final testing electrical equipment to ensure the mode and parameters that were specified by the project. In this case, the specialist is guided sanitary standards and rules. It is important to follow four stages, the first of which is preparatory, the second carries out commissioning work together with electrical installations, while the third carries out individual testing of the equipment. The final stage involves testing the equipment. If you are thinking about what PNR is, deciphering the abbreviation in construction will allow you to understand what work is performed when it is necessary to launch and adjust electrical equipment.

Requirements for commissioning

At the second stage, the customer provides power supply in the area where the work is being carried out. If necessary, a pre-installation inspection is carried out. Specialists replace defective equipment and supply missing equipment. At this stage, it is important to eliminate existing defects, trying to identify them during the production process. Based on the test results, a protocol is drawn up and sent to the customer.

Main stages of commissioning

The procedure for commissioning is determined by the service provider. Whereas the safety requirements during commissioning and electrical installation work are ensured by the head of the latter. If commissioning work is carried out according to a combined schedule on different functional groups and devices, such manipulations are coordinated with the managers of electrical installation work. The ratio of commissioning and construction work must be taken into account by the service provider.

Instead of a conclusion

When the third stage is carried out, equipment maintenance is carried out by the customer, who ensures the placement of personnel, disassembly and assembly of circuits. At the last stage, commissioning and commissioning work is carried out on the interaction of electrical equipment systems and electrical systems in different modes.

These manipulations involve ensuring communication, setting and adjusting the parameters and characteristics of devices, as well as functional groups to ensure specified operating modes. The electrical installation is tested both at idle and under load, and without fail in all possible modes.

2.1. The commissioning work can be divided into eight stages, differing in the technology of their implementation.

2.1.1. Preparatory stage.

2.1.2. Pre-installation inspection and testing of equipment: machines and mechanisms, devices, fittings, controls and information presentation.

2.1.3. Element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment.

2.1.4. Unit-by-unit acceptance from individual tests (including the necessary control of completeness and quality of installation) of equipment of functional units.

In accordance with SNiP 3.05.05-84, SNiP 3.05.06-85 and SNiP 3.05.07-85, the stages of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment do not coincide in time for various types equipment and this difference can be quite significant. Unit acceptance serves to check the readiness of all types of unit equipment for unit adjustment at the time of its start.

2.1.5. Unit-by-unit start-up (hereinafter referred to as “start-up”) adjustment of functional units on idle equipment (cold adjustment) and testing them under load. Transferring functional units from commissioning to operation mode, to checking construction and installation readiness and to unit-by-unit complex adjustment on operating equipment.

2.1.6. Testing of a unit (or a separate boiler unit, turbine unit) with synchronization (or without it for a separate boiler unit) and a load set to check its full construction and installation readiness.

2.1.7. Unit-by-unit integrated (hereinafter referred to as “integrated”) adjustment and testing of functional units, including subsystems of automated process control systems and the operational circuit of the block control panel for testing equipment modes. Trial operation of functional and technological units, including monitoring and control systems, identification and elimination of defects, transfer of functional units to industrial operation. Carrying out a comprehensive testing of the unit (installation).

2.1.8. Acceptance of the unit (installation) into operation by the state commission, carrying out the necessary tests of power equipment and issuing the corresponding act.

2.2. There are two fundamentally different types of organization of commissioning work on equipment:

work carried out by specialists of one profession (thermal mechanics, electricians, process control system specialists, etc.), assembled in teams and performing adjustment operations almost independently of specialists of other professions;

work carried out by complex unit teams (hereinafter referred to as “node teams”). Each node team includes workers of all professions necessary to set up a given functional and technological node.

2.2.1. The first type of work organization is used:

During pre-installation inspection, inspection, element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment;

At the initial stage of complex adjustment of units, when it is advisable to carry out initial ensuring the reliability of equipment operation in the designed volume separately by its type.

2.2.2. Starting from the stage of unit-by-unit acceptance from individual testing and until the acceptance of the unit (installation) by the state commission (with the exception of the initial stage of complex adjustment), commissioning and commissioning is carried out by unit teams and organized by complex working subcommittees.

2.2.3. The node team is organized by the decision of a comprehensive working subcommittee during individual testing of equipment from among the leading specialists of organizations performing installation and commissioning work at a given functional unit under contracts: to carry out commissioning work, the node team may additionally be assigned workers from installation and commissioning organizations.

The node team is headed by a foreman appointed from among the highly qualified specialists of the leading commissioning organization for the node, the customer, the research organization or the equipment manufacturer.

The foreman of the node brigades, and, if necessary, the entire composition of the node brigade, are appointed by order of the customer or (when the project is delivered on a turnkey basis) by the general contractor.

The foreman of a node brigade and his subordinate team can perform commissioning work on two or more functional nodes.

2.2.4. The comprehensive working subcommittee includes workers of all specialties necessary for organizing and accepting work at the site.

The complex working subcommittees include: foremen of the relevant teams; representatives of the customer, equipment manufacturers, general designer, general contractor, heating installation, electrical installation, leading commissioning and research organizations. Representatives are allocated by the heads of production departments of the relevant organizations at the request of the chairman of the comprehensive working subcommittee.

The chairmen of complex working subcommittees are appointed by order of the customer or, when commissioning turnkey projects, by order of the general contractor from among the customer’s experienced and competent specialists or (in agreement with management) leading commissioning organizations for this unit, research organizations, as well as equipment manufacturers. The same specialist may be appointed chairman of two or more complex working subcommittees.

The chairman of the integrated working subcommittee is a member of the working commission.

The appointment of chairmen and the creation of comprehensive working subcommittees is carried out during the period of individual equipment testing.

2.2.5. Working and state acceptance commissions are created in the manner and under conditions corresponding to VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

Specialized subcommittees, organized by the working commission in accordance with VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy, can provide assistance to complex working subcommittees in accordance with their areas of activity.

Before organizing a working commission, the customer can form shop commissions for the acceptance of premises, equipment, etc.

2.3.1. The organization of commissioning work should provide for the “integration” of units of a unit or a separate installation that is gradually increased from stage to stage, leading to their full functional coordination during the complex commissioning period.

2.3.2. The preparatory stage of commissioning begins after the release of working drawings. At this stage:

Study and analysis of design and factory documentation, determination of compliance of design documentation with regulatory documents, standard solutions and best practices, development of comments and recommendations to eliminate deficiencies;

Drawing up a project for commissioning works, including safety measures;

Development and approval of work programs for commissioning and commissioning of equipment;

Preparing a fleet of measuring equipment, testing equipment and devices, organizing and equipping an on-site laboratory, providing workplaces with instruments, tools and instructional materials;

Drawing up a list of documentation, the execution of which is necessary at various stages of production and acceptance of commissioning work at each functional unit;

Development of the first edition of operating instructions.

Work under clause 2.3.2 is carried out by organizations participating in commissioning work in accordance with the coordination plan individually with the necessary mutual consultations.

2.3.3. At the stage of pre-installation inspection and inspection of equipment, machines, mechanisms, fittings, controls and management equipment, general operational and technical management is provided by the customer in the person of the deputy chief engineer for repairs.

The procedure and scope of audits and inspections are established based on the current rules and standards.

The audit is carried out by the relevant workshops of the power plant with the involvement of installation, repair and commissioning enterprises.

The workshops ensure the organization of work places for repair and commissioning personnel in premises allocated for this purpose by the management of the power plant.

2.3.4. At the stage of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual tests, general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for installation.

The procedure for acceptance and individual testing is established, guided by the current rules and standards, by the heads of the power plant workshops together with the relevant team leaders of the head commissioning organization, heads of departments of construction, installation and commissioning organizations, and supervisory personnel of manufacturing plants.

Adjustment work is carried out by adjustment organizations in accordance with the coordination plan. The workshops ensure the organization of work places for commissioning personnel in the premises allocated for the performance of these works by the management of the power plant.

The result of this stage is the execution of a work commission report on acceptance of equipment after individual tests (Appendix 8).

The power supply for commissioning work is carried out by the power plant in accordance with current regulations.

2.3.5. At the stage of unit-by-unit acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment of functional units of the main and general plant equipment, general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for operation.

Acceptance of functional units from installation and individual tests is carried out comprehensively from construction, heating installation, electrical installation and commissioning organizations with consideration of the readiness of the unit in terms of construction, heating installation, electrical installation work and individual tests, with consideration of acts for hidden work and documents (acts, protocols, records in journals) compiled during equipment audits, element-by-element acceptance, and individual tests.

By the beginning of unit-by-unit adjustment and unit-by-unit testing, the installation of the unit's technological equipment must be completely completed; adjustment operations have been performed on the process equipment that do not require the equipment to be put into operation; Autonomous adjustment of sections of the automated process control system subsystems included in this unit has been completed in the following volume:

Special software for the subsystem for collecting and primary processing of information, information base, subsystem for presenting information, subsystem for technological printing of diagnostic programs for technical means;

Information channels and signal distribution panels;

Cabinets of control subsystems, interlocks, protection and alarm systems;

Control diagrams for mechanisms, shut-off and control valves;

Automatic control subsystem cabinets;

Cabinets (with testing them on simulators) of the functional group control subsystem (FGU);

The operational circuit of the block control panel and all communications within the block control panel.

The unit-by-unit acceptance of equipment from installation is carried out by a comprehensive working subcommittee.

As a result of this acceptance, an acceptance certificate is issued, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The form of the act is given in Appendix 9.

If, during the process of acceptance of the unit from installation and individual testing, defects and deficiencies are identified, then acceptance is suspended until they are eliminated.

The need to perform work not provided for by the project, factory instructions and other documents is documented by an act of the working commission.

2.3.6. At the stage of commissioning of functional units on idle equipment (cold commissioning) and testing them under load (with the supply of voltage, air, steam, water, oil with boiler firing), unit-by-unit acceptance for subsequent comprehensive commissioning, general technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant manual.

Direct commissioning of the unit is carried out by the unit team under the leadership of the foreman.

Work at the stage of commissioning and testing of functional units is carried out according to work programs approved by the chief engineer of the power plant.

Cold commissioning of a functional unit is considered complete if:

All necessary calibrations of analog instruments and checks of factory settings have been completed;

The correctness of the passage of all analog signals from sensors to automation equipment, computer technology, instruments and signaling devices was checked;

All protection and alarm settings are set;

The movement of the regulators and solenoid valves has been checked;

The correctness of the signal transmission of discrete devices and sensors used in protection, interlocking, automatic control and alarm systems to computer technology and its display equipment, individual devices, signaling devices and control devices was checked;

Engine torque limit switches and position indicators have been calibrated and tested;

Switching equipment has been checked;

The direction of rotation of the drives of technological mechanisms was checked;

The direction of movement of actuators and indicating devices during control action was checked;

The possibility of operational control from the control panel has been established;

Protection systems, interlocks, alarms and logical control systems have been tested (as far as possible without technological mode);

The direction of influence of automatic control systems was checked, design parameters their settings;

Generated and tested the general software of the automated process control system;

Special APCS software was loaded and tested on simulators (as far as possible without technological mode);

The mechanisms were scrolled at idle speed, and it was found that the parameters characterizing the state of the mechanism at idle speed were within the limits established by the standards, factory, design and other regulatory and technological documentation. Completion of cold adjustment items is reflected in the “Log of unit readiness for load testing.” The log form is given in Appendix 10.

Testing of the unit under load is carried out after complete completion of its cold adjustment.

The stage of commissioning and testing of equipment components ends with trial runs, during which the adjustment of settings, debugging, checking and putting into operation (on the equipment included in the work) subsystems of protection, interlocks, ARV, alarm, ASR, FGU and subsystems for presenting information in volume are completed , necessary to ensure the safety and reliability of testing a unit (or installation) in order to check its construction and installation readiness with taking on a load, with its entry into operation mode and comprehensive commissioning. Technical programs for testing functional units under load indicate the roles and responsibilities of operating personnel.

The organization of testing of the unit after the launch attack in order to accept it for checking construction and installation readiness and for comprehensive commissioning is carried out by a comprehensive working subcommittee.

If during the testing of the unit damage, defects or deficiencies are identified, the testing is interrupted and carried out from the beginning after they have been eliminated.

The completion of this stage for each node is documented in a test report for the node, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The form of the protocol is given in Appendix 11.

The unit is considered accepted for verification of construction and installation readiness and for comprehensive commissioning if there is a certificate of acceptance of the unit from installation and individual testing approved by the chief engineer of the power plant (clause 2.4.5), as well as a test report for the unit (Appendix 11).

2.3.7. Checking the construction and installation readiness of the start-up complex of a power unit or a separate unit is carried out according to a special technical program that provides for the start-up of equipment according to design schemes. In this case, for a separate boiler unit, it is envisaged to obtain a pair of design parameters, and for a power unit and a separate turbine unit with a generator, synchronization and set of electrical loads are provided.

The program for checking construction and installation readiness is developed by the head commissioning organization and approved by its chief engineer and the chief engineer of the power plant. In the absence of a head commissioning organization, the program is developed and approved by the customer, involving installation and commissioning organizations in the development of the program.

Operational management of the equipment is carried out by the customer’s operating personnel according to pre-developed operating instructions and a program for checking construction and installation readiness.

Personnel from installation, commissioning, and research organizations and supervisory personnel from equipment manufacturing plants take part in the readiness check in accordance with the program.

The technical supervisor for checking construction and installation readiness is the chief engineer of the power plant.

Upon completion of this stage of commissioning work, a working acceptance committee draws up an act on the acceptance of the equipment of the unit (installation) after checking the construction and installation readiness. Attached to the act is a list of equipment, installation and construction defects identified during testing, as well as a program-schedule for the comprehensive adjustment of components and testing of a unit or individual unit. The act is approved by the head of the customer’s higher-level instructions. The form of the act is given in Appendix 12.

Defects in equipment, construction and installation identified during inspection of the construction and installation readiness of the launch complex must be eliminated before the start of comprehensive unit-by-unit adjustment of the equipment.

2.3.8. At the stage of complex adjustment of units, unit adjustment and testing (research) of equipment in various operating modes is carried out:

When a block or a separate unit is stopped and individual functional technological units are turned on;

When starting and stopping a unit or a separate unit according to the commissioning test program;

When carrying an electrical load at the level specified by the setup program.

During the same period, repair and development work is carried out on the stopped equipment, and defects identified during the adjustment of units are eliminated.

The program for complex adjustment of units provides, at the first stage, separate work of specialists of various professions for the initial adjustment of individual types of equipment in order to ensure the reliability of the installation to the design extent, and then - the integrated work of unit teams created at the acceptance stage, under the technical guidance of foremen.

Completion of adjustment of the units is documented by the unit teams with protocols for conducting a comprehensive test of the units (in the required operating modes of the power unit, which are approved by the chief engineer of the power plant).

During the same period, a comprehensive adjustment of the subsystems of the automated process control system (including the operational circuit of the control panel), their trial operation and transfer to industrial operation is carried out.

The operation of equipment during the complex commissioning period is provided for under separate programs and electricity generation for this period is not planned according to the dispatch schedule.

During the complex adjustment period the following is carried out:

Technological debugging of functional units when operating equipment in variable and stationary modes;

Carrying out and testing equipment startups from various thermal states according to manufacturers’ schedules;

Debugging information channels of discrete and analog parameters, as well as updating the information base based on the results of equipment operation;

Experimental determination of static and dynamic characteristics of equipment, inclusion of automatic control systems in the design volume;

Adjustment and adjustment of technological algorithms and programs for a complex of tasks of automated process control systems on existing equipment;

Adjustment of functional group control systems with adjustment of technological algorithms and FGU programs and interlocks based on the results of launches;

Correction of operational technical documentation;

Testing control modes and interaction between operating personnel under the conditions of an existing automated process control system and in case of its failures;

Trial operation of a complex of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems with testing in variable and stationary operating modes of equipment, testing it to take the maximum possible (within the design) and maximum long-term load;

Transfer of the launch complex of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems as part of the commissioned power equipment into industrial operation.

Comprehensive commissioning ends with a comprehensive testing of the equipment with the execution of a report in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 2).

2.3.9. After completion of work according to the program-schedule for the comprehensive adjustment of a power unit or individual unit and its comprehensive testing, the said equipment is accepted into operation. Acceptance for operation is carried out by the state acceptance commission with the appointment of control sampling and tests, if necessary.

Trials and tests are carried out under the technical supervision of the chief engineer of the power plant according to a program approved by the state acceptance commission. This produces:

Checking the operating modes of the boiler unit, turbine unit, generator, transformer and auxiliary equipment when operating on main fuel and control algorithms for functional units in stationary and variable modes;

Comprehensive testing of all subsystems of the automated process control system;

Checking the joint operation of the main units and auxiliary equipment at the maximum possible (within the design) load;

Other necessary testing and testing.

Upon successful acceptance by the state acceptance committee of a power unit or installation into operation, an act of acceptance of the facility into operation is issued in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 5).

Mar
2017

Commissioning work is a series of activities to prepare equipment for launch, check assembly according to factory diagrams and trial testing the functioning of all systems. Experts have developed a specific scheme of actions for testing the technological complex, which is summarized by the term « commissioning methodology ».

All work is carried out strictly in accordance with the project plan of the facility. One of the important points at the commissioning stage is to check the main equipment systems under above-average load conditions and their response to critical conditions. Successful commissioning indicates continued production efficiency and safe operation equipment.

List of commissioning works

Important points in the commissioning methodology are the following requirements:

• All specialists and commission leaders involved in commissioning work must be highly qualified, trained and pre-certified to test their knowledge in the relevant field of technology;
• Commissioning works begin only AFTER the issuance of permission, issued in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, to start work;
• All used measuring instruments and materials must be verified;
• Equipment adjustment starts after the equipment acceptance certificate is signed by members of the working commission, taking into account the schedule and cost of the work;

It consists of 3 points:

Introductory part. Familiarization with the theory and available documents for the future installation and its location. It is necessary to study the features of the selected equipment model, technical data, etc. The Contractor creates a preliminary program of activities for commissioning.

Pre-practical part. Setting up equipment, regulating modes, checking communications, monitoring control, automation and alarm systems.

Individual testing. At this stage, each system is checked in isolation from others in order to avoid emergencies, leaks, breakdowns, etc. The necessary measurements, measurements, and coefficient calculations are made.

Commissioning First, in idle mode without producing finished products. If the test run is successful, the installation is further tested under load.

Drawing up a summary report on the work performed with testing results, defects found and eliminated, and information on the functioning of the tested equipment.