Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we firmly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious they are. But, in addition to their delicate sweet taste, they are also very beneficial for health. And here's an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or in the house - in a container.
Quite often, difficulties in growing tomato seedlings arise even among experienced summer residents. For some, all the seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in an apartment ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to be provided with plenty of light, sufficient humidity and optimal temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?
Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut - a vegetarian salad made from boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from the French sauce made from vinegar, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century; perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for Austrian herring salad are very similar.
When we dreamily sort through bright packets of seeds in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously convinced that we have a prototype of a future plant. We mentally allocate a place for it in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.
Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of warmer weather, changes in the garden occur rapidly. The buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still dormant yesterday, and everything is literally coming to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this is good news. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - insect pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiosis, maniliosis, scab, powdery mildew- the list could take a very long time.
Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great way to start the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce that is seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of everyone’s favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. You need to start the day with positive emotions!
Perhaps every woman has at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It’s not surprising, because such a living bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids are not very difficult to grow. indoor crops, but failure to comply with the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the correct answers to the main questions about growing these beautiful plants in the house.
Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins prepared according to this recipe are eaten in no time in my family. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as my mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then you don’t need to add granulated sugar at all; without sugar, the cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!
Cherry tomatoes differ from their larger counterparts not only in the small size of their berries. Many cherry varieties are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato taste. Anyone who has never tried such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits with unusual colors.
I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but you’re amazed at how different the petunias of the past are from the many-sided hybrids of today! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, and also consider modern varieties unusual colors.
Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - aromatic and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods; in combination with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, you get a very nutritious snack, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with fire, use hot chili.
The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or private house, this is not so easy to do. Of course, everyone experienced gardener There is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.
The Sanka tomato variety is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even bloomed yet. Of course, if you follow the growing recommendations and make an effort, even a novice grower will receive a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that your efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM “Agrosuccess”.
Task indoor plants in the house - to decorate the home with your own appearance, to create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this reason, we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only about watering on time, although this is important. It is also necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, and make a correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural about this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.
Tender cutlets from chicken breast It’s easy to prepare with champignons according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to make juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, but this is not so! Chicken meat contains virtually no fat, which is why it is a bit dry. But if you add cream, white bread and mushrooms with onions to the chicken fillet, it will turn out amazing delicious cutlets, which will appeal to both children and adults. IN mushroom season try adding wild mushrooms to the minced meat.
Carrots are the most popular vegetable among consumers. It can be purchased on store shelves all year round. But the root vegetable will bring great benefits if you grow it yourself on summer cottage. This can be done subject to certain rules for growing carrots.
Almost any crop needs to be fertilized before planting in the spring, and this can be done in the spring after planting at the dacha, or it can be fertilized later directly into the hole. We will tell you in the article how to properly care for carrots, how much and what kind of fertilizer to apply, little tricks for applying manure and humus, how to water frequently and how to love the plant.
Before sowing seeds in open ground The gardener must decide why he grows carrots and when he wants to get the harvest. Sowing time:
- Early spring sowing from April 15 to May 15. Throughout June you can already collect bunches of carrots, and with the arrival of August you can enjoy the sweet root vegetables.
- Summer sowing from May 15 to June 10. The harvest will take place at the end of September; these carrots are stored in the cellar for winter storage.
- Pre-winter sowing from October 20 to November 15 allows you to consume young root crops before harvesting the main harvest. The main thing is to choose right place for beds - it should be located on a hill so that the spring melting of snow does not drown the seeds.
If you sow at all possible times, then fresh vegetables will be on the table all year round.
During winter sowing, the formation of root crops occurs at a time when the carrot fly is just beginning its life activity. It is not yet capable of harming the harvest in the garden; the vegetables will be of better quality.
Choosing a place for a garden bed
It's no secret that carrots are an unpretentious root vegetable, but to get a rich harvest you still need to create comfortable conditions. When choosing a place for garden beds, the gardener should consider:
- this vegetable crop grows well in illuminated areas;
- fertile loamy-sandy soil with 4% humus and neutral acidity 6-7 pH;
- Previously, potatoes, tomatoes, corn and legumes were grown at the planting site;
- do not use for growing beds where they were previously grown spices(dill, parsley, fennel, etc.);
- it is forbidden plant vegetables in the same area 2 years in a row.
Large root vegetables correct form grow up on peat soils, which were formed after the swamps dried out. And on clay soil, carrots will take on an ugly shape due to strong resistance during growth.
Before frost, the area for vegetables must be dig up, remove roots and stones. But do not drive the shovel too deep into the ground and destroy the fertile layer. You should dig to a depth of about 0.3 meters. With the onset of spring, level and deeply loosen the surface.
How to plant seeds to get good seedlings
Gardeners practice a variety of methods for planting carrots, all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages:
- Sowing seeds considered the most in a fast way. The gardener simply scatters dry seed into the prepared beds. At the same time, seed consumption cannot be called economical, and the seedlings will be too dense and uneven.
- Dragee- these are seeds placed in a nutritious shell, the shoots are friendly and strong. Their sowing consists of point distribution in small holes. The cost of pelleted seeds is higher, but you won’t have to waste time on thinning.
- Previously sprouted seeds give quick shoots. But in the absence of rain, you will have to water ahead of time; the sprouts are too weak and cannot cope with the pressure of the earth.
- Roll method involves gluing small seeds onto long strips of paper. To plant, you just need to spread strips in the garden bed, cover them with soil, water them well and fertilize them. Shoots will appear evenly, but a little later.
- Liquid paste cook from potato starch, cool to room temperature and mix with mineral fertilizers. Add seeds to the resulting liquid and stir quickly. Pour the paste evenly into the grooves. With this method there is no need to thin out the plantings.
Regardless of the chosen planting method, it is better to sow seeds less often, so as not to have to thin out in the future.
You can have a garden bed cover with film for 2-3 weeks before the first shoots appear. Thus, weeds will not interfere with plant growth, and a crust will not form on the soil, preventing moisture from penetrating to the roots.
If dry soil is selected for sowing planting material, then additional preparation is required. You can disinfect it by soaking the seeds in water heated to 40 degrees. But it's better to hold them in a solution of potassium permanganate– 1 g of substance per 100 ml of liquid. The procedure time should not exceed 20 minutes, after which the seeds must be rinsed well with clean water and dried.
Some gardeners use specialized plant growth stimulants already at the seed preparation stage. But to obtain environmentally clean harvest This is not recommended.
Secrets of caring for carrots after planting
Carrots belong to difficult to germinate and slow growing vegetable crops. Don’t think that once you sow it, you can forget about the beds until harvest.
In order for the root crops to be strong and large and consistent with the varietal quality, they should be looked after.
Fertilizers, fertilizers and folk remedies
A gardener will reap an average harvest in terms of quality and quantity if he limits himself to applying fertilizer at autumn digging plot.
The plant needs feeding throughout the growing season.
So, first time feed the vegetable a month after entry. At 10 l. water dissolve 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska is a classic mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The same solution is also used in the second feeding after 2 weeks and on the third- at the beginning of August.
The best potassium fertilizer is this folk remedy How tincture of ash. To prepare it, you need to pour 150 g of dry ash in parts into a bucket of water. Stir the mixture until the ash is completely dissolved. At 10 l. dilute 1 liter of water. tincture and feed and water the root crops of carrots or beets with this liquid during the second half of the growing season.
How to water during the growing period
When growing root vegetables special meaning The irrigation system is playing. Indeed, if the soil moisture is insufficient, the young roots of the plant will die, and overwatering the beds will lead to the fact that only livestock will be able to feed on the harvest.
Therefore, immediately after sowing, the period begins proper watering beds:
- The method used to stimulate the inputs is sprinkling(300-400 m3/ha), and then several receptions drip irrigation (20-30 m3/ha).
- After the entrances appear, depending on weather conditions, watering is carried out every 2-3 days small volume of water.
- During the period of root crop formation, the soil moisture regime changes - the frequency decreases, the volume of water increases.
- Active growth of vegetables is accompanied by rare watering (once every 7-10 days), but moisture should penetrate into the ground to a depth of 10-15 cm.
- One month before harvest, watering do not carry out even in the absence of rain. Excess moisture during this period will worsen taste qualities and keeping quality of vegetables.
Before digging up root crops, it is advisable to moisten the soil a little. Thus, the process is facilitated, and the crop improves its ability to be stored fresh.
Proper weeding
One of the least favorite things gardeners do is weeding their beds. But you can’t do without this tedious task, otherwise you can lose your entire harvest due to the “attack” of weeds.
At the initial stage, when the plants have not yet sprouted, an area with crops is recommended cover with several layers of newspapers and cover with film on top. With this method, the soil warms up well and retains moisture, but weeds cannot actively grow. After 2 weeks, the innovative shelter should be removed and wait for the emergence of seedlings.
After 10-15 days the plant appears first real leaf- this is a signal to start weeding. The procedure must be done very carefully so as not to capture the cultivated shoots along with the weeds.
When the 2nd leaf forms, weed combined with thinning, if sowing was carried out chaotically and the plantings were thickened. There should be a distance of 2-3 cm between plants. It is important to pull the sprouts up and not to the side, otherwise the root of the neighboring vegetable will be damaged.
The most convenient way to thin out is with the help of a female eyebrow plucking device - tweezers. It captures even the thinnest shoots without harming the rest of the plant.
During the entire growth period between the beds and plants, it is necessary to weed and loosen the soil. A month after the first thinning, repeat the procedure so that there is a distance of 4-5 cm between the root crops, but the already pulled vegetables can be eaten.
Growing carrots takes a lot of effort and time, but a rich and high-quality harvest of a healthy vegetable will cover all the inconveniences. The main thing is to follow the basic rules of planting and caring for plants. And then a tasty and crispy vegetable will be in the daily diet of the whole family, it will give all its nutrients and microelements.
Growing carrots at home. Soil and crop rotation
This is a plant with a two-year cycle. In the first year, root crops are collected, if left for the second year, it produces seeds. Carrots are cold-resistant, easily tolerate low temperatures above zero, and continue to develop after frost.
Growing carrots at home requires structured, lightweight, neutral soil with low acidity. Sandy loam, light loamy soils- optimal for her. Carrots need light; the plant withers in the least amount of shade. Growing and caring for carrots is carried out after preparing the appropriate conditions in the garden. Care consists of several points: soil fertilization, planting, weeding, thinning, watering.
Growing carrots will be effective if you prepare the soil in the fall. Large blocks of earth are left, they are leveled in the spring - this way moisture is better preserved and carrot fly larvae freeze out. It is necessary to distinguish some nuances of how to grow carrots on different soils. Infertile ones are fertilized with compost and humus - two buckets per 1 square meter are enough. m. If the area has high acidity, it is reduced by adding chalk, a small amount of sawdust, and lime. Heavy clay soil is mixed with river sand and peat. It is advisable to do all these procedures before digging in the fall.
In the fall, it is recommended that after harvesting, cover the area with mulch (a layer of humus, peat, mown grass or sawdust), and sow it with green manure. These are plants that are planted in front of the main crop so that they nourish the soil with useful substances and structure it. Carrots grown from seeds are juicy and of regular shape in such soil.
Agricultural technology for growing carrots includes taking into account the crops that grew before it. It will be good if, before carrots, the beds were planted with cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes, and legumes. It is recommended to plant it in one area for no more than three years.
It is necessary to take into account some nuances on how to grow a good crop of carrots in the spring. At this time of year the land is fertilized:
- ammonium sulfate (15–20 grams per 1 sq. m);
- precipitate (30–40 grams);
- potassium sulfate (25–35 grams).
The plant is suitable for soil with moderate humidity, but not dry: excess moisture causes root crops to rot, and they do not develop during drought.
Growing carrots from seeds
Before planting, you should carefully sort and prepare. Carrots are grown from seeds in several stages.
Seed preparation
Carrot seeds are characterized by a low level of germination - only 55–75%. They lose it during long-term storage. Growing carrots at home will be more effective if you plant fresh seeds. After storage for 2–4 years, their germination is checked: the seeds are placed on a moistened napkin, covered with film and placed in a place with a temperature of about +23 ° C. Then they calculate how many will germinate.
Pre-treatment methods
Growing carrots requires preparing not only the soil, but also the seeds. 20 days after planting, slender, friendly and energetic sprouts should germinate; for this, the seed shells are processed and cleaned from essential oils.
- soak. The seeds, wrapped in gauze or cloth, are immersed in water at a temperature of about +30 ° C for 24 hours. It is advisable to change it several times for a clean one. It’s good to use a solution of ash instead (a large spoon per liter of water);
- soaking and hardening. The seeds are wrapped in cloth, moistened and placed in the refrigerator. They stay there for 2–6 days. At the same time, make sure that the bag is constantly wet;
- treatment hot water. The water is heated to +50 ° C, the seeds are dipped into it, kept there for 20 minutes, after which they are kept in cold water 2 minutes.;
- bubbling. A gauze bag with seeds is placed in a container of water, above the aquarium blower tube to saturate the water with air. The device is turned on and the process continues for 18 hours;
- dripping. The seeds are wrapped in moistened cloth or gauze and buried in moist soil for 10–12 days. The ground should be cold, depth - about 30 cm;
- germination. The seeds are mixed into peat and left for 6–8 days. After germination they are sown. Carrot seedlings are created by growing them in peat, and then in beds;
- After each procedure, the seeds are washed clean, running water, dry for 20–25 minutes - they are comfortable to hold in your hands when dry - and are immediately planted. Prepared seeds sprout within 4–5 days.
Landing
There are three periods for planting carrots:
- first planting - early spring, late April, early May. Planting is done very early, immediately after the ground thaws. Frozen spring soil and temperatures down to - 4 ° C are not scary for the plant;
- the second is summer, early June. Summer planting can last until October - early November. The soil temperature should be +5 ° C and above;
- third - late autumn, October, November, early December. They are planted when the soil temperature drops to +5 ° C. How to grow carrots secrets: the seeds are even placed in frozen soil, if the climate is not very harsh, and the planting is covered with a layer of snow of 40–50 cm.
The seeds are small, so you can mix a small spoonful of them with sand. A glass of sand is enough for 10 square meters. m. you can also stick them on a strip toilet paper. There are pills on sale - seeds wrapped in a shell of useful microelements. The original way with paste - the seeds are mixed with it and squeezed onto the bed with a culinary syringe.
Planting process step by step:
Before growing carrots in the spring, 7-14 days before planting, clods of earth are broken up on the site and the surface is leveled. The earth is spilled with warm water (+30…+40 ° C) and covered with polyethylene. This will moisten the bed and warm it up;
It is necessary to distinguish between those planted at different times. Growing carrots and caring for them has its own characteristics. In spring and summer, swollen, moist seeds are planted. Planting depth is 3–4 cm. At the end of autumn, before winter, dried seeds are sown to a depth of 1–2 cm. The step between them is 1 cm. They are sown in rows with a distance of 15 cm for early and middle ones, 20 cm for late varieties. Carrots develop better in narrow beds (4–5 stripes);
The furrows are watered and dusted with ash. After planting, it is recommended to sprinkle the bed with mulch (in winter, a layer of 3–4 cm). In spring or winter, the beds are covered with polyethylene at a height of 5–7 cm above the ground; it can be laid on bricks.
Agricultural technology for growing carrots. Conditions
Growing carrots requires systematic checking and creating the necessary properties of the environment and soil.
bed
Growing carrots in high beds and rows is the most best ways get a generous harvest.
A high bed is a frame, a kind of formwork into which soil is poured, so it is raised above the surface. Formwork is made using boards, slate, branches, and boxes. Growing carrots as a business is often carried out in this way.
The rows are made in the shape of a trough - they look like tubercles, and the seeds are planted in them. The recommended width of the bed is no more than 1 m; it is advisable to place the rows at a distance of 20 cm from each other.
Watering and temperature
Before you grow good carrots, you need to create a moderately humid environment. Best temperature regime 20–22 degrees (seeds germinate already at +3). Watering once a week is sufficient. After planting, you don’t need a lot of water - about 3 liters per 1 square meter is enough. m. Subsequently, when the root crop begins to develop, the norm increases by 20 liters. One and a half months before harvesting, water less frequently: once every 14 days. The intensity of the procedure is halved - 10 liters per 1 square. m, a month before harvesting they stop watering.
Growing carrots in the Moscow region or any other place is possible if you have a well-lit area with light, fertile, moderately moist soil.
Weeds, thinning
Proper care of the beds is one of the important stages. How to grow carrots: secrets: the first weeding is done 10–12 days after the sprouts emerge and leaves form. The second weeding is 8–10 days after the first, and then as needed.
It is best to weed after watering, in the morning; at the same time, the beds are thinned out. During the first weeding by thinning, you need to leave 2-3 cm between the shoots, during the second - 4-5 cm, after the procedure the plant is watered again.
Top dressing
In the list of procedures, methods and tips on how to grow good carrots, fertilizing occupies an important place. After the first shoots sprout, that is, after a month, they are fed: mullein and bird droppings are diluted in 10 liters of water, and ash is mixed into the solution. After the development of root crops begins, they are fed a second time. If the soil is well fertilized, then this procedure is not required.
Pests
Care must be taken to remove all pests and treat diseases. A few secrets on how to grow healthy carrots: a carrot fly will fly around the bed ten times if you sprinkle the soil with red pepper or alternate carrot and onion beds, and it must be planted earlier. It is also good to alternate with carrot beds, sage, calendula - this will protect against pests.
Conditions affecting crop quality
Growing carrots has its own characteristics. How to grow large carrots? It is necessary to provide the plant with enough light. Its deficiency is the cause of small fruits. Insufficient thinning – skinny carrots with large tops.
Before you grow large carrots, you need to keep in mind that size does not always mean good taste. Too sparse crops and abundant moisture - the root crops are large, crack, they are rough and tasteless. Insufficient watering - the fruits are rough and dry.
Soils with a dense, rocky, clayey structure give a poor taste and irregular shape. Sour – the carrots will be unsweetened. It is not recommended to plant it after celery, horseradish, beets, caraway seeds, and dill.
Agricultural technology for growing carrots takes into account a moderate balance of moisture in the soil. But the fact is that sunlight will not harm the plant in any way - the more of it, the better.
Growing carrots in the Moscow region personal plot can be carried out for your own needs, as well as on an industrial scale - the plant is unpretentious and produces a good harvest. You just need to take into account the above tips on how to grow carrots correctly.
Carrots are one of the healthiest vegetables that can be grown in your garden. This culture is quite unpretentious. To get a rich harvest of this tasty root vegetable, you need to follow a few simple rules.
Carrots love light, so you should choose a site for planting it that is exposed to the sun all day. You cannot plant carrots after parsley, parsnips, celery and dill. It grows best in beds where the following year they grew: tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, cabbage, onions and garlic. To obtain an early harvest, planting before winter is practiced. But here there is a high probability of seeds freezing even under good snow cover. Therefore, it is better to carry out early spring planting immediately after the top layer of soil warms up. Carrot varieties for spring sowing: “Minicore”, “Nantes”, “Vitaminnaya”, “Touchon”. The best stored varieties are: “Incomparable”, “Flakoro”, “Flakke”, “Queen of Autumn”. These varieties have a long ripening period, and they need to be planted after stable heat has been established. Seed preparation. Pour warm water over carrot seeds and remove any that float after 10 hours. To speed up germination, seeds should be placed on a damp piece of cloth and kept there for a long time.
The carrot harvest is harvested before the first frost - from the second ten days of September to the third ten days of October.
Anyone can grow long and even root crops on their own plot. The main thing in this matter is not to be lazy and do all the necessary agricultural work as needed. So, let's begin.
The first thing to do is find appropriate place for planting and prepare the soil. The quality of carrots directly depends on the type of land. Therefore, for this, on the one hand, unpretentious vegetable, it is necessary to choose light in mechanical composition, fertile places where there is good drainage. In addition, the place where the garden bed will be located must be level, as open as possible and well lit. Also at this stage it is worth considering that the best predecessors for carrots are onions, cabbage, and early potatoes, especially if organic fertilizers. But the beds where celery plants (celery, cumin, dill, fennel) grew before, and the carrots themselves are better in in this case do not use, as it is unlikely that you will be able to grow a good harvest. How to grow carrots if the plot is small and it is difficult to rotate the land? Everything is quite simple: since the situation is almost hopeless, the only thing left is severe ashing of the soil: scatter 0.2-0.3 kg of wood ash on one square meter soil and dig up. The operation is performed twice a year.
As for the soil preparation itself, this must be done in the fall so that the soil has time to settle before sowing. First, the place where the vegetable will grow is cleared of stones, after which it is carefully dug up, digging with a bayonet or even two, and formed high bed. If necessary, fertilizing - humus - must be added to poor soils; in heavy soils - peat, sawdust and river sand; acidic soils are alkalized with chalk (lime). But in any case, it is not recommended to apply fresh manure, otherwise the root crops may grow ugly. Growing carrots in soils with high level groundwater without a significant rise in the height of the ridge will lead to an ugly harvest. 
In the spring, when the bed warms up, 7-10 days before planting, it is necessary to loosen the soil well and disinfect it with a solution copper sulfate, which is prepared at the rate of 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water. Then water the bed with warm water, approximately 30 - 40⁰С, after which the planting site is covered with film, preferably dark. The last steps will allow the earth to warm up and retain moisture. Of course, the last steps are not necessary if the spring was hot and there were considerable snowdrifts in the winter. You can also ignore the film if the harvest is expected to be late. And finally, you can refuse warming up if you are confident in the quality of the seeds, and also in the fact that cold temperature or, even more so, there will definitely not be frosts.
Sowing an orange root crop depends solely on how much moisture there is in the ground, as well as on the climatic conditions in which it will be grown: if we are talking about the central zone of Russia or a climate similar to it, then the sowing period will be 20-25 April. Carrots are planted a little earlier (7-14 days) if the snow has already melted more than 21 days ago and relatively warm weather has established itself without night frosts. Carrots should be planted a little later if the weather is not stable and negative thermometer readings are observed at night. But you should not delay the planting period - it would be optimal to plant before the fifth of May, provided complete absence snow and frequent lack of frost. IN southern regions Carrots are planted in two stages - March 10-20 (for summer consumption) and June 10-15 ( seed planting and for winter consumption).
Seeds should be processed warm water(rinse two or three times) and then cover with a damp cloth for swelling and passage of moisture to the seed through the crust containing a large number of hydrophobic essential oils. If you do not do this, then there is a high probability of seedlings being delayed for a period of 2-3 weeks, which impairs the ripening of the root crop. You can also carry out the following procedures to speed up germination: 
- Bubbling. Carrot seeds are placed in a vessel with water, the temperature of which is higher than room temperature (optimally - 25 degrees C). The water is aerated with an air pump for 24 hours, after which the planting material is removed and placed in the refrigerator on the middle shelf, where it is stored for about 3-5 days. 12 hours before sowing, they are removed from the refrigerator and dried until they flow, after which they are planted in the beds. Germination in this case will take 5-7 days.
- Burying into the soil. Dry planting material is placed in a linen bag and buried in a bed at the depth of a spade bayonet. No watering or fertilization is carried out. After about 1.5-2 weeks, the bag is removed, its contents are dried on dry cloth or parchment and planted in a garden bed. Germination will take approximately 4-5 days.
- Nutrient solution. The seed is laid out on a fabric base, covered with a cloth on top, and poured nutrient solution for 24 hours. The nutrient medium can be a mixture boric acid, nitrophoska and water (ratio of 1/3 teaspoon, 1/2 teaspoon and 1 liter of water, respectively); or potassium permanganate, dissolved in a liter of water until red, 1/2 teaspoon of fertilizer. After soaking, the seed is washed in warm water and goes into the refrigerator for half a week. After removal from the refrigerator, they are dried until they flow and planted in the ground.
Carrots are planted along grooves made in the bed. It is optimal to do this as follows: the width of the furrow is the size of a matchbox, the depth is half of it, the interval is 200-240mm. The outer furrows are located 120mm from the edges of the bed. The width of the furrow should not exceed 900mm (accordingly, the ridge should be 1.1m). Before planting, the bed is spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are scattered like a snake in the furrow in increments of 10-15mm, after which they are mulched with soil, peat or a peat-sand mixture. The planted ridge is covered with a film with a ventilation gap of 120-150 mm. The shelter will not only improve the retention of heat and moisture, but will also prevent the appearance of carrot flies, a pest that can destroy the crop. 
Planting care
Growing good harvest requires mandatory care, but caring for the planted root crop is quite simple: just thin out the bed in time, loosen the soil as necessary, weed, feed and, of course, water.
Step 1 Thinning is carried out as the tops grow.
To thin out carrots, it is necessary to pull out the smallest (and therefore least viable) shoots at the first shoots, maintaining an interval of 20-25mm between root crops. The second thinning is carried out in June-July, maintaining an interval of 75-100mm. The second thinning allows the extracted root crops to be used for food or livestock feed. You may have to unload the carrots a third time if the fruits obviously interfere with each other.
Step 2 It is important not to forget to feed the carrots
In the period from the appearance of the fifth-sixth sheets + 2-3 days, mineral fertilizers. After feeding, you can carry out the first hilling, which is repeated after the first thinning, after the second thinning and then once every 2-4 weeks. Hilling helps to cover the fruit in the ground, avoiding sunburn and greening of the shoulders. Also, when growing, you can follow the three-phase method: 5,7,10 leaves. But it is worth keeping in mind that in any case the fruits should be underground at a depth of about 50mm. 
Step 3 Watering carrots
Watering carrots should be intense enough to prevent the soil from drying out, but not excessively to prevent it from overcooling. The best thing is uniform watering, since with a lack of water, the root crops become coarse and “woody”; with too much water, they become small and tasteless. It is best to adhere to the following watering tactics:
Harvest and storage
The harvest takes place in late September - early October. The root crop is pulled out of the ground by the tops, after which it is placed on the ground nearby for quick removal excess moisture from its surface. If loosening and weeding were not done regularly during the growing period and the soil has hardened, digging can be done with a garden staple. But this must be done in such a way as not to damage the fruit.
If the harvest is carried out in rainy weather, then the collected carrots are laid out in a dry room. The total drying time is about 1-1.5 hours (i.e. until the surface visibly dries). 
After drying, it is necessary to trim the tops. It is most convenient to do this with a knife or garden pruning shears if the tops are powerful and thick. Greens are cut at the root, without damaging the root crop. At the same time, the crop is sorted: all damaged, rotten, crooked fruits are discarded. Smooth, undamaged carrots are placed in a ventilated box and stored in a cool, dark place.
