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Most often, when designing private houses, pitched roofs are used, but cottages with flat roof, as in the photo, are much less common. In recent years after the emergence latest technologies And modern materials for covering flat roofs it is possible to create effective waterproofing, despite their unusual shape.

The presence of such a roof makes the appearance of a private house exclusive and original, since it stands out against the background of buildings with hipped or pitched roofs.

Projects of cottages with a flat roof have their own characteristics, and their construction is associated with some nuances, since the roofs on them can be:

Advantages and disadvantages of a flat roof

A flat roof provides the property owner with a number of advantages, including:

The disadvantages of the structural solution of flat roofs include:

• carrying out installation with strict adherence to the technology of their waterproofing and. The slightest violation of the rules as a result of negligence or negligence results in the roof leaking if precipitation accumulates on it. Extraordinary repairs roofing covering will cost a lot of money, and sometimes it will be necessary to completely reconstruct the roof of the cottage;
• availability in winter period on a flat surface large quantity snow requires (if the roof is planned to be used) regular snow removal, which can only be done manually;
• During the melting of snow, a significant load is placed on the waterproofing layer

Features of flat roofs

When developing a project for a cottage with a flat roof, regardless of the number of floors in it, the following features must be taken into account:

Creating a flat lightweight roof

If they plan to build a cottage with a flat roof with a lightweight roof, they do not plan to use it.

The procedure for constructing such a structure is as follows:

As a result of the work performed, a flat roof is obtained, which is of the lightweight type. It performs the functions assigned to it completely, but it is not able to withstand even a slight load. If you want to create a small place for rest on a flat roof, you need to build the roof using a completely different technology.

Construction of a house with a flat roof, more details in the video:

Construction of a usable flat roof

When designing cottages with a flat roof and a hard surface, it is assumed that the created roof will not sag under the weight of the load (read: ""). There are several ways to construct a serviceable pavement.

One of the most simple options is the laying of concrete slabs as flooring. For this purpose, the supporting structures must have a significant margin of safety; in addition, installation is carried out using special construction equipment. A roof made of concrete slabs must be insulated, but such work can only be done from inside the room.

Another method is the construction of a roofing floor based on metal support beams - T-bars or I-beams and channels. A boardwalk made of lumber with a minimum thickness of 22 millimeters is laid on top, and a layer of expanded clay of at least 150 millimeters is poured on top of it. The hard covering is provided by a concrete screed.

The most in a modern way For solid construction, the use of large-sized ceramic building blocks is considered. They are laid on support beams, and they provide the roof, along with mechanical strength, with fairly good sound and heat insulation characteristics. Among the advantages of such ceramic roofing blocks, one cannot fail to mention their excellent resistance to moisture. Before making a screed for such a roof, backfilling with expanded clay is not required. The disadvantages of ceramic blocks include their high cost.

Cottages are built with a flat roof of a solid type with the installation of roofing membranes (optional). They provide additional waterproofing and improve the performance of a flat roof.

Non-professionals associate a flat roof with the negative legacy of the Soviet past, when administrative buildings of this type had an unsightly, gloomy appearance, and the upper floors of high-rise buildings suffered from constant leaks. Over the past 10-15 years, the production of roofing materials has undergone significant changes, thanks to which it has been possible to create durable, strong and reliable polymer coatings of a new generation. From that moment on, flat roof house designs began to gain popularity.

Single-story buildings are the traditional architectural form of southern coastal cities, resorts and luxury villas in the Art Nouveau style, where a mild climate without much rainfall prevails. The main part of the Russian territory is located in an area of ​​high snow load, so this construction technology began to be introduced recently, when modern roofing materials with improved performance characteristics appeared. Over the past ten years one-story buildings with a flat roof have been tested in harsh Russian winters and demonstrated the following advantages compared to pitched analogues:

1. Space saving. One-story houses with a flat roof, built according to frame technology, due to the rational use of space, they are a compact structure that can be placed on a small construction site within the city or in the suburbs. This quality is relevant in the context of a constant increase in the cost of land for development.
2. Saving materials. A flat roof does not have a slope, so less roofing material is spent on this type of roofing than on pitched analogues. Less wood is used during construction rafter frame, which reduces costs. In addition, small flat roofs can be installed by yourself without spending money on hiring professional roofers.
3. Possibility of expanding the area. A one-story house with a flat roof can become a transitional option until the need and financial opportunity arise to add a second floor. This versatility will be an additional advantage for young families, the composition of which may soon change.
4. Wide range of roofing options. If cottage equipped with a flat usable roof, it can be equipped with additional space to satisfy a variety of needs: equip sports grounds, recreation areas with barbecues, swimming pools, lay out lawns, beds or flower beds. For conservation-conscious homeowners natural resources, designs of houses with a flat roof on which they are installed are suitable solar panels to provide “clean” energy.

Note! Roofing materials based on cardboard and bitumen impregnations used in the past had a service life of only 5-8 years, were damaged by exposure to sunlight, and cracked due to sudden temperature changes. But coatings made from fiberglass and synthetic rubber with polymer resins will protect the house for 50 years. New generation materials are not needed for flooring gas-burner, so they are suitable for DIY installation.

A roof that has no slope is called flat; it rests on all 4 load-bearing walls Houses. This design is a multi-layer coating of rolled or self-leveling waterproofing materials laid on a prepared base. Do-it-yourself installation of a flat roof is carried out by layering, pouring or gluing in the following sequence:

• Base. The first layer of a flat roof is a base made of concrete slabs, wooden beams or corrugated sheets, which are prepared in a special way. A primer is applied to it to reduce surface roughness and increase material adsorption.
• Screed. A screed made of cement-sand mortar serves as a leveling layer, with the help of which the roof is pitched, creating a slope in the places where water inlet funnels will be installed.
• Vapor barrier. This layer of diffuse membrane roofing is a barrier to water vapor that penetrates from the heated room into the thickness of the roof, causing the insulation to become damp. To give the membrane strength, it is reinforced with fiberglass.
• Thermal insulation. To protect a one-story house from cooling and heat loss through a flat roof, thermal insulation material is installed on it. For this, backfill insulation (expanded clay), glass wool, basalt fiber, slag wool or extruded polystyrene foam are used.
• Waterproofing. Waterproofing of modern flat roofs is carried out using polymer rolls or self-leveling materials. Rolled coverings are laid in several layers to prevent leaks in the connecting seams. Liquid materials(liquid roofing felt, liquid rubber) make it possible to waterproof roofs of complex configurations; pre-heating is not required during their installation.

Important! Quality of flat roof installation one-story house depends on weather conditions. Experienced roofers and manufacturers recommend laying the coating in dry, warm weather, when the temperature exceeds 5 degrees. At low temperatures, the lower layer of bitumen materials takes longer to heat up, so installation takes longer and gas consumption increases.

Types of flat roofs

Single-pitched houses with a flat roof fit organically into the urban landscape and look just as good as a country residence. Abundant glazing, use in decoration natural materials make the structure light, filled with light and spacious, despite its small size.

Depending on the nature of use and financial developers, the following types of flat roofs are used in projects: Important! The flat roof around the perimeter is fenced with a parapet, a protective barrier that holds snow masses and rainwater

from a spontaneous discharge. On exploited roofs, the parapet acts as a fence that prevents people from falling, so it must have a height of at least 1.2 m.

Video instruction For many, flat roofing is associated with urban multi-storey buildings

, faceless and monotonous. But we are ready to surprise you! A flat roof in a private house will be a pleasant discovery for you if there is not much snow in your area, but the winds are quite strong. The fact is that in winter all snow accumulations from such a roof will simply be blown away. And the main thing is that not a single strong hurricane can tear off a roof that simply does not exist! And a whole ocean of possibilities opens up before you, which you can now build above your head: a cafe, a dance floor, a mini-garden and even a whole greenhouse!

• The main thing is to know about all the intricacies of constructing houses with a flat roof, and everything will work out. And now we will reveal all the secrets.
• Such a roof is much smaller in area than the most gently sloping roof. And this means savings on materials.
• Such a roof is built much faster than a gable roof, and even more so a hip roof.
• Comfort and safety of all rafter work. You still have to manage to fall from such a roof!
• Convenient subsequent repairs and replacement of roofing.
• Unlike a gable roof, dismantling the old flat roofing is usually not necessary - this is additional waterproofing and protection. The new pie is made directly from the old one, which saves a lot of time and effort.
• The ability to install transparent roof elements (with careful waterproofing), and thus create a view of the night sky.
• Possibility to build a house with a laconic architectural form. Minimalism is at the peak of fashion!

And now – about the pros and cons:

• Such a roof generously accumulates snow. After all, he now has nowhere to slide, and the snow itself often becomes the cause of leaks.
• On especially generous days, the snow will have to be removed mechanically, which often damages the roofing.
• The structure of the roof becomes more complicated: now we need gutters, which also become clogged.
• The difference is that water drains from a pitched roof quite quickly (and sometimes it does get into the under-roof space). But it actually stands on a flat surface!
  Monitoring the moisture content of the insulation and the general condition of the roof should be regular.
• But, despite the fact that much less building materials are needed for its arrangement than for a pitched roof, a flat roof is much more complex in terms of installation. Let's just say that there are many more different subtleties and nuances that are important to know about.

That is why many have fair doubts about the reliability of such a roof. But the European and overseas experience of private residential buildings with a flat roof is successful, and therefore you can safely get down to business.

Just consider these points:

1. There is much more snow in Russia than in warmer European countries.
2. The only thing worse than snow is the large difference between summer and winter temperatures, which not all foreign roofing materials are designed for.

And here technology decides everything!

What is a flat roof?

So, what acts as the load-bearing base of a flat roof:

1. Reinforced concrete slab.
2. Roofing sandwich panels.
3. Reinforced steel corrugated sheet.

And thanks to the fact that they learned to make a flat roof “breathable”, i.e. with internal ventilation, it has now become possible to use completely non-breathable waterproofing - roofing felt similar to it.

Any roof that we call flat actually still has a slight slope: to one side or specifically towards the drainpipe.

Here is the simplest example of a flat roof for a private home:

Types of flat roofing: non-exploitable and inverted

Of course, unused roofs are cheaper. And the exploited ones, which are correctly called “inversion”, include additional materials.

A separate type of flat roof of a residential building is exploitable. Those. the one on which people will walk and what objects will stand. This is the same garden, or sports ground, or summer cafe. All this creates considerable loads on the roof, and therefore its design is already different from that which is intended only to protect the house from precipitation.

So, the main difference in the design of traditional and inversion roofing is that in the first, the thermal insulation layer is located under the waterproofing, which is quite logical, and in the second, it is above it. But in the second option, the waterproofing is more protected from ultraviolet rays and temperature changes. This design is more durable and functional: you can safely lay out a lawn or lay paving slabs on it.

And now in more detail.

Unused roof: standard pie

But on unused roof A person can also get up occasionally - for the same repairs, for example.

Those. in a traditional flat roof, the top layer is waterproofing, and it is this that is exposed to all mechanical and temperature loads.

A separate type of it is a roof with a pressure layer, which is designed so that a person can walk on it from time to time:

Inversion roofing: reverse pie

The standard slope of an inversion roof is 5-7%. The inversion method assumes that the thermal insulation layer is already placed on top of the waterproofing, which now also serves as a vapor barrier.

Moreover, the pie of inversion flat roofs can be very different. It all depends on what you are going to arrange on the roof: a terrace, a mini-pool (and this is not uncommon) or a garden. But the base will still be common: a monolithic screed is made, which levels the entire surface, then waterproofing is laid and the whole thing is covered with insulation. And on top is a cement-sand mixture or rubber coating.

Note that active use of the roof means frequent damage to the insulating layer, which is why moisture makes its way to the insulation and freezes in winter. Over time, the entire roofing pie deteriorates, and therefore without ventilation system A flat roof is indispensable.

A cement-sand screed can even better distribute the pressure layer on the heat insulator, but it must be additionally reinforced with a mesh to prevent cracking.

Subtleties of flat roof insulation

A layer of thermal insulation for a flat roof is mandatory. For comparison: gable roof insulated only when equipment is installed underneath residential attic, and in all other cases the maximum is laid mineral wool on the attic floor. But for a flat roof, insulation is always necessary.

The fact is that without a heat-insulating layer in a flat roof, condensation will constantly appear on the ceiling in the house (such a roof will turn out to be the cold part on which water vapor will rush). And this is bad not only because repairs will have to be made, but also because the entire structure deteriorates.

You can insulate a flat roof both from the outside and from the inside - the difference is small. What is more important is how many layers of insulation a particular roof needs – one or two.

Thermal insulation materials need to be attached to the base of the roof mechanically, both screws or dowels, and glue. Sometimes the fastening is not used at all if the heat insulator is located from the outside and there is pressure on it paving slabs or pebbles.

Why two layers? The fact is that the first layer of thermal insulation on a flat roof acts as insulation; it is from 70 to 200 mm thick. And the second, from 40 to 50 mm, is designed to distribute all the loads. And it is important to calculate the thickness of both layers accurately, based on climatic features terrain and the future use of the roof itself.

With double-layer insulation, all joints should be spaced apart, in a checkerboard pattern, so as not to overlap each other. Moreover, in the places where the slabs adjoin the walls and parapet, it is additionally necessary to make heat-insulating sides. A cement-sand screed can even better distribute the pressure layer on the heat insulator, but it must be additionally reinforced with a mesh to prevent cracking.

Proper drainage system

But this is already a difficult task. Flat roofs are just bad because they are completely open to rain. But everything can be solved! The main thing is to properly organize the drainage, and for convenience, we have explained this issue for you in the following schematic illustrations:

Internal ventilation device

Another important point when installing flat roofs - ventilation. The fact is that if moisture accidentally gets into the insulation, it no longer evaporates - it only accumulates. As a result, the heat-insulating material rots and the waterproofing swells. And there are many reasons for leaks: damaged waterproofing, mechanical damage to the top layer of the roof, cracks and damage from frozen water.

A wet thermal insulator is also bad because it causes bubbles and cracks to appear on a flat roof in the summer heat - all due to the active evaporation of water. As a result, the roof covering also collapses. And if moisture gets under the old screed over time, then the entire roof begins to peel off. This is why a flat roof must “breathe”.

For this purpose, so-called aerators are used. They look like simple plastic or metal pipes, covered with umbrella caps. They should be located evenly over the entire roof area, preferably at its highest points. The essence of this mechanism is that different pressures are created inside the roof and the air begins to create currents, simultaneously taking with it all the excess moisture vapor.

In practice it looks like this:

In addition, in any living space, water vapor rises up to the ceiling. Moreover, they often successfully overcome this barrier (the water molecule is very small) and end up in the insulation, which is bad for it. This is why vapor barrier is required. And not the kind that is usually used for attic insulation, but a dense one, made of high-quality polypropylene or polyethylene. The bitumen membrane is even more reliable.

Choosing a suitable roofing covering

So, what is used as a coating for such roofs?

Option #1 – bitumen and polymer-bitumen materials

Such roofs are the least expensive for owners of private houses. We are mainly talking about roofing felt and euroroofing felt. These are rolled roofing sheets, the base of which is synthetic fabric, and the sides are bitumen. As an elastic and frost-resistant material, bitumen serves as excellent protection and waterproofing.

Moreover, laying bitumen roofing on a flat roof is absolutely simple; you only need a gas burner. The rolls are easily fused together.

But such a roof has significant drawback– fragility. And another thing is that roofing felt does not breathe at all, i.e. It is vapor-tight, and therefore it is necessary to arrange ventilation for such a roof, unless you want the insulation to rot within a year:

Option #2 – liquid rubber

Such roofs have the great advantage that they do not contain any seams. As we have already said, the disadvantage of a flat roof is, first of all, that snow accumulates on it, which then causes leaks.

But there are some subtleties here. So, you need to take only two-component liquid rubber for a flat roof, preferably the highest quality one. And it is extremely important to apply this material correctly to a flat roof: evenly, avoiding unnecessary layers and savings in certain places. So, where the paint was applied unevenly, problems can be expected within 8-10 years.

Option #3 – PVC, TPO and EPDM membranes

Roofing membranes are valuable as a covering for flat roofs because they allow steam to escape. After all, no matter what kind of vapor barrier is used, moisture still, at least a little, gets into the insulation, not only from below, but also from above - after heavy rains, for example.

There are three types of membranes for installing such a roof: TPO, PVC and EPDM. The most popular is PVC membrane, which is also the most flammable. An EPDM membrane is more durable and affordable, but if mechanical damage occurs in it, nothing can be done to fix it, whereas a PVC membrane can only be melted with a hairdryer. In addition, the joints EPDM membranes you need to glue it with a special tape, which is much less reliable than soldering PVC sheets.

But the cheapest membrane in its sector is PVC. But it has such significant disadvantages as low resistance to ultraviolet rays and fear of contact with bitumen, various oils and even polystyrene foam, otherwise the service life will be significantly reduced.

Gluing EPDM membranes requires professional skills. TPO membrane, like PVC, is also welded with hot air. The best is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, is more chemically resistant and can be laid directly on polystyrene foam or an old bitumen roof without geotextiles. But its service life is shorter than that of EPDM, so for installing a flat roof on a residential private house, we recommend using a PVC membrane.

So, a flat roof device with a PVC membrane is traditionally made like this:

• Step 1. We arrange a monolithic floor slab.
• Step 2. Place a tear-resistant vapor barrier film.
• Step 3. We make a bend from insulation or screed.
• Step 4. Place insulation. In private construction this is usually 35 density foam, and on top is 50 mm XPS, which is even stronger.
• Step 5. Now geotextiles, 300-500 g for each square meter.
• Step 6. Let's move on to waterproofing - this is a PVC membrane. The insulation density is enough to allow walking on such a roof. But, if you plan to make an open terrace on the roof, then you need to continue the pie further.
• Step 7. Lay the geotextile again - now directly on the membrane.
  We lay rubber tiles or reinforced screed 5-7 cm, on which we already lay paving slabs. To make a screed, you need ballast.

And such roofs are made of rubber, polymers or even foil. Unlike bitumen, they are durable, fire-resistant and adhere firmly to the base. A slight slope is achieved using expanded clay concrete or concrete screed.

How to achieve 100% waterproofing?

The main task when installing a flat roof is to make all joints and junctions as airtight as possible. After all, such a roof is most affected by moisture, hail, temperature changes and wind-blown debris. Therefore, the sealants used to seal such joints must be of high quality and resistant to any influences. This is also a kind of expense that has to be incurred.

For the same purpose of waterproofing, it is recommended to make the slope of a flat roof at least 2%. Few? In fact, this is quite enough so that all atmospheric moisture does not linger on the surface, but flows down into funnels and pipes, and from them into the septic tank, soil or sewerage system. Therefore, even at the design stage, you need to carefully think through the future drainage system.

Moreover, the drainage system itself is made both internal and external. Thus, the internal drainage system consists of fittings - funnels located throughout the roof that receive the flowing water and direct it into pipes that go through the buildings, but are isolated from the living quarters. The only disadvantage of such a system is that the pipes become clogged with small debris and leaves, for which it is advisable to equip them with special filters and periodically clean them.

External drainage systems are already attached to the outer walls of the building. These are, of course, easier to clean when they become clogged, but in cold weather they often freeze over. For this reason, it is customary to additionally supply them with electrical heating in the form of cables.

As for the material for the internal and external drainage system of a flat roof, PVC or metal is quite suitable. Both options have their pros and cons. Thus, polyvinyl chloride does not corrode, but is more brittle than metal.

To prevent gutters from freezing in winter, equip them with roofing thermal cables.

Green area on the roof: fashionable and environmentally friendly

Greenery and recreation areas are often lacking not only for residents of the “concrete jungle”, but even for owners of private houses. The whole point is that the same beautiful garden furniture It’s not always possible to leave it in the yard of the house, and beautiful rare flowers in the garden flower bed are often trampled by pets. Therefore, it is not surprising that the green area on the roof has become fashionable among cottage owners. Especially if the access to it comes directly from the bedroom and no one else can disturb your morning peace with a cup of coffee.

There has also become a fashion for some cafes to make the roof flat and put a small greenhouse on it. All the greens go straight to the table! And it’s profitable, because it’s not so easy to bring fresh dill or onions to the kitchen, and it’s economically profitable - there’s somewhere to send kitchen waste. And it is difficult to understand who borrowed this idea from whom: enterprising residents of private houses with a flat roof, or the best minds in public catering. But the fact that such an arrangement of closed ground is beneficial is a fact: rodents will not dig under the beds, insects and pests will not reach (as well as pests in the form of neighbors), and the fact that it is always a little hotter on the roof is only a plus for the same tomatoes. But the main thing is to correctly calculate the loads on such a roof during construction!

And the roofing pie is often standard: waterproofing for the ceiling, thermal insulation, geotextiles, drainage and geotextiles again. And on top you can use both soil and beds:

Or in this version for more powerful floors:

A flat roof is a huge scope for any imagination. Designers and architects love to bring to life a variety of projects for her: a garden, a greenhouse, a jogging track, a mini-beach with sun loungers, and much more. Some craftsmen even manage to make a parking lot on it!

How quickly time flies! 4 years have passed since I built an unusual Vacation home. The house uses a lot of non-standard technical solutions, which were previously practically not used in individual construction in Russia. Firstly, the house is heated using, and secondly, the house has a flat roof.

From the very beginning of construction in 2012, I was constantly told that a flat roof is not for our climate (what kind?), that it will definitely leak (why?), and in general, with such a roof, the house looks like a transformer booth (poor Europeans, they have to live in transformer booths).

But most often they tried to prove to me that snow needs to be constantly removed from a flat roof (I wonder why?). Of course, if anyone wants, you can clean it up, no one is stopping you. But on houses with a flat roof there is no need to remove snow. For example, now I have a snow cover more than 80 centimeters thick on my roof! And somewhere there she hid under the snow.

2. Snow on the roof is an additional and completely free insulation.

By the way, as it turns out, many people do not know that a flat roof is not a plane in the direct sense, but a surface with a slope of approximately 2-4 degrees (in fact, a roof is considered flat if its slope angle is from 2 to 20 degrees). And any flat roof must have a drain. It is more correct to make an internal drain for a flat roof, but you can get by with a classic external one. At the time of construction, I did not have sufficient knowledge to design and implement an internal drain, so I made an external one. The advantage of internal drainage is the absence of pipes on the facade.

3. Summer 2013, just made. A flat roof is significantly cheaper than any pitched roof (at least because its area is on average 1.5 times smaller than that of a pitched roof). With it there is no loss of space and such useless space in the house as the attic. It is simpler and easier to insulate - everything is in the same plane.

Let me remind you of the design of my roof pie (from bottom to top):
1. Prefabricated monolithic floor with filling aerated concrete blocks- 250 mm;
2. Insulation using extruded polystyrene foam - 150 mm;
3. Insulation and creation of a slope using wedge-shaped slabs of extruded polystyrene foam - 0-150 mm;
4. Cement strainer- 50 mm;
5. Two-layer built-up waterproofing (top layer with sprinkling).

4. Another huge plus of a flat roof is that it is not afraid of hurricanes. Look at the chronicles of hurricanes and how easy it is to tear off the covering and break the rafter system on classic pitched roofs.

5. In the summer of 2016, I finished all the other work on landscaping the surrounding area and decided to do it.

6. By the way, if anyone doesn’t know, then any concrete floor by default it has a load-bearing capacity of at least 400 kg per square meter (usually 600-800 kg/m2). While the snow load for the Moscow region is only 180 kg per square meter. This is the maximum calculated snow load, which in reality is rarely achieved, but it is obvious that any ceiling has a huge margin of load-bearing capacity.

7. One more thing important advantage flat roof is that it has completely sealed seams. While the seams on a pitched roof are not airtight, and if the pitched roof is filled with snow and it begins to melt from below (due to insufficient insulation), the pitched roof will leak (especially at the junction of two slopes - the valleys). Look at the neighboring houses from pitched roofs- Surprisingly, there is snow on them too!

Why doesn’t a flat roof made using technology leak? Everything is very simple. Because it is insulated!

It is the insulation that determines the durability of the roof. It is known that the roof accounts for an average of 40% of the heat loss of the entire building. If the roof is not insulated, or is not insulated well enough, then the heat will rise, and the snow lying on the upper roofing carpet will melt. When frost occurs, the melted snow will freeze again, and when it freezes, as is known, water expands in volume. These multiple thaw-freeze cycles will eventually break the waterproofing (after 2-3 years) and the flat roof will begin to leak.

8. In the last century, when building houses, they did not think about energy efficiency and saving energy resources, so they usually did not insulate the roof. This led to the fact that the roof waterproofing was constantly being destroyed and the roof was leaking.

If the roof is well insulated, then it has only one “enemy” left - the sun and its ultraviolet radiation. But to protect against this, waterproofing is used with a package, or with special additives (in the case of using). And the most effective method protect the waterproofing from damaging ultraviolet radiation - make a lawn on the roof, fill it with pebbles or lay tiles. By the way, a more promising waterproofing solution today is a polymer membrane.

A flat roof is even easier to use than a pitched roof. From a flat roof, snow will never fall on your head or tear off your gutters. There is no need to clear the snow, and if you have a lawn, there is no need to keep the gutters clean (all water is filtered through geotextiles and they will not become clogged with fallen leaves).

Therefore, a flat roof is the most reasonable roofing option, especially for a house made of. The main thing is not to violate technology and not to skimp on insulation.

And cleaning snow from a flat roof is not only useless, but also harmful - you can accidentally tear the waterproofing with the sharp edge of a shovel and the roof will begin to leak.

With all reports dedicated to construction country house with your own hands in chronological order you can familiarize yourself.

Flat roofs are used in both high-rise and low-rise urban developments. They allow you to save on lumber, since their arrangement does not require bulky rafter system, and installation of insulation and roofing is carried out on the floor slab of the upper floor. To drain water on a flat roof, a slope is created along which excess moisture flows into the pipes of the internal drainage system. IN suburban construction Flat roofs are also used and on some of them a serviceable structure is mounted. We will tell you about the features of the layout of such houses, and consider some options for their arrangement and operation.

Features of the layout of houses with a flat roof

For climate middle zone houses with a flat roof are not the most popular choice, but at the same time unusual design finds fans, and the opportunity to equip a recreation area on the roof makes projects of this kind attractive. Buildings with flat exploitable roofs have their advantages and disadvantages and are used in areas with moderate snow formation and a relatively mild climate. The advantages include:

• original appearance;
• the absence of a complex and bulky rafter system subject to wind influences;
• the possibility of using a flat roof as an usable space;
• the absence of an external drainage system on the facades of the building, since an internal drainage system is used instead.

Flat roofs also have some disadvantages, namely:

• increased requirements for the strength of the floor, which must withstand the weight of snow;
• the need to create a slope towards the drainage pipes, which means there will be an increase in the mass of the roofing pie;
• high requirements for the quality of multi-layer waterproofing;
• Frequent preventative and major repairs.

The design and installation of flat roofs is carried out on the basis of standard SO 002–02495342–2005 “Roofs of buildings and structures. Design and construction". This document outlines the principles of roofing pie design and methods for constructing flat roofs. When creating a project, it is necessary to take into account not only the presence of ventilation ducts, but also drainpipes through which moisture is removed from the flat roof.

A flat roof allows you to create a cozy living space with the same or different heights ceilings for comfortable living

Standard SO 002–02495342–2005 pays attention to exploitable and inverted roofs with earthen and grass coverings, as well as methods of waterproofing and additional testing for the strength of flat roofs according to SNiP 2.01.07. An additional soil layer with waterproofing, paths made of paving slabs and the presence of a fence require reinforcement of the floor structure, as well as the construction of a flight of stairs to access the roof. On flat roofs, it is necessary to make a slope of 2 to 5 degrees towards the drainpipe to ensure the drainage of excess moisture.

An exploitable roof involves a multi-layer structure of the roofing carpet and a specific design of the drainage system funnel

The flat roof covering is made in one of the following ways:

1. Using standard reinforced concrete slabs.

   Flat roof covering with standard reinforced concrete slabs produced with sealing of seams and installation of a reinforced belt

2. Continuous concreting of armored belts and reinforced floors supported on internal partitions And external walls building.

   Continuous concreting of a flat roof is carried out with support from the load-bearing external walls of the building

3. Reinforced concrete floor using corrugated sheets and supported by load-bearing steel beams.

   Beams to create a flat roof ceiling are attached to load-bearing walls, and corrugated sheets and reinforcement are laid on them, then concrete is poured

A durable ceiling makes it possible to place telecommunications equipment, ventilation and air conditioning systems on a flat roof, as well as to arrange the usable space. The layout of a house with a flat roof is influenced by the internal placement of the drainage system and chimneys heating system, flights of stairs, as well as the location of the garage. Stairs for climbing to the roof can also be mounted on the outside of the building, which significantly increases the living space.

Photo gallery: examples of the layout of houses with a flat roof

The first floor of the house can be equipped with flights of stairs and has extensive living space
The second floor of the house can be equipped with access to the terrace and the usable roof
The plan indicates the placement of ventilation, drainage and chimney pipes in a house with a flat roof
The house can be equipped large garage, living room and kitchen

Video: features of the layout of a house with a flat roof

Examples of flat roof house designs

Houses with flat roofs have been used in panel urban construction for many years. With the advent of new high-strength waterproofing materials, it is not difficult to install such a structure on a building of any number of floors, built from different materials. In suburban construction, it is quite difficult to break the stereotype of fear of snow load on a flat roof. It should be noted that reinforced concrete floor The strength exceeds any of the pitched roofs, the rafter system of which is made of lumber.

Flat roofs are successfully used in both high-rise and low-rise buildings

Buildings of this type have a complete appearance and laconic design. Let's look at examples of flat roofs on houses of different heights, built in different styles and from various materials.

One-story houses

One-story buildings are designed to accommodate a small family and their apparent small size does not interfere with placing the space necessary for comfortable living under a flat roof.

One-story house with a flat roof suitable for a small family

The ventilation system shaft and chimney are located on the roof, and excess moisture is removed through a drainpipe on the facade, which does not spoil general form Houses. The owner of such housing must keep in mind that over time the living space may have to be expanded, so certain areas must be reserved for this.

The design of the house with a flat roof allows you to expand the habitable space by adding a garage and terrace

Two-story houses

For two-story house typical layout in which on the ground floor there is a garage, hall, living room and kitchen space with a dining room. On the second floor there is an office, a relaxation area with a large open loggia or terrace. The presence of cars in the family means the installation of driveways.

A two-story house with a flat roof allows you to accommodate all the necessary spaces

In houses of this type ventilation ducts, chimneys and drainage system are combined into one block and located inside the building, and the garage room is equipped with a separate ventilation duct. The housing is intended for year-round use and has all the advantages of its own country house.

With the help of light coloring, a two-story concrete structure can be made weightless in appearance.

Houses with an exploitable roof

A serviceable roof requires the use of a more durable upper floor, multi-layer waterproofing and strong fencing. On such roofs there are recreation areas with a solarium, lawn and other vegetation. In addition, in the exploited part of the roof they place technical blocks with air conditioning, ventilation and telecommunications equipment.

A roof in use requires reinforced roofing and multi-layer waterproofing to effectively remove excess moisture

On some part of the area, paving slabs are laid, furniture and light awnings are installed, so the total weight of the roof in use must be taken into account when constructing the floor. If installation technology is followed and high-quality materials are used, such a roof can last for many years in the middle zone climate.

Photo gallery: houses with an exploitable roof

The roof being used places certain demands on the structure of the roofing pie.
A minimalist architectural solution creates an unusually cozy space on a flat roof
The multi-storey occupied area provides ample opportunities for creating a solarium and a separate recreation area
On the flat roof of the house you can place a soft corner where you can receive guests
You can place a dining table on the flat roof and enjoy the scenery while eating
On a flat roof multi-storey building you can create a place to relax and play

Frame houses with a flat roof

Prefabricated frame houses must have a solid upper floor that is carefully sealed, since frame parts may be subject to rot if moisture penetrates.

Frame house is different high speed construction and low material costs, but requires careful attention to the strength and waterproofing of the floor

When installing a flat roof in houses of this type, you should carefully consider matching the snow load with the strength of the building and the reliability of the second floor.

The project of a frame building with a large habitable space and a solid appearance fits perfectly into the surrounding landscape

High-tech houses

Stylish, light, flying buildings, sparkling with glass and nickel-plated metal, strict concrete structures and wide staircases leave an unforgettable impression of high-tech houses. The building seems to hang without any support, has large windows, high ceilings and extensive interior space.

Houses built in high-tech style are distinguished by an abundance of light, glass, metal and concrete

A house built in this style is expensive and very labor-intensive to manufacture, since it is a monolithic concrete structure.

Photo gallery: high-tech houses

The maximum open space of the house with an abundance of glass and concrete gives comfort
The concrete frame of the sunset looks very impressive
The transparent structure of tinted glass and painted concrete creates a futuristic look
The large area of ​​the flat roof allows you to create a recreation area there if desired.
A high-tech house can consist of two parts connected to each other
Flat roofs in high-tech houses look stylish

Houses made of sip panels

Thermal insulating sip panels can be easily and quickly installed in any weather using vertical racks and have significant strength. A house built from panels needs a durable floor with good waterproofing.

At home with flat roofs modern sip panels are quickly built and have good thermal insulation

From sip panels you can quickly build reliable buildings of various configurations.

A two-story house made of sip panels can be quickly assembled according to any architectural project on a lightweight foundation

Wooden houses

A house built from logs or beams is durable, warm and environmentally friendly. Wooden houses it is possible to install it under a flat roof with the condition that fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of the structures of the last crown and the ceiling of the upper floor is carried out.

IN wooden house breathes easily, and the flat roof completes the rectangular structure

Drainage with a flat roof is carried out by pipes located both inside and outside the building.

A wooden house with a flat roof blends very organically into the surrounding space

Houses made of foam blocks

A budget option for a house made of foam blocks with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. A reinforced concrete belt is installed along the upper part of the walls of the second floor, and a flat roof ceiling is laid on it and on the internal load-bearing walls.

Warm and economical houses made of foam blocks are often completed with a flat roof, which is a logical continuation of the architectural style

Drainage systems, ventilation ducts and chimneys are installed inside the building and are not exposed to the façade. The strength of such a house allows it to be equipped with a usable flat roof.

The concrete foundation and floors with the walls of the house can be built from warm foam concrete with natural stone finishing

Modular houses

These houses are assembled from a standard set of ready-made modules located in in the necessary order. Such buildings are equipped with flat roofs and have good heat-insulating properties.

Modular house- a building that is assembled from standard module blocks and connected into a single whole depending on the functional purpose

Modules are created based on ready-made functional elements and are designed into a single building with a suitable stylized finish.

The module is a self-contained block with a specific purpose and the living space is assembled from such modules

Photo gallery: modular houses with a flat roof

The flat roof of a modular house does not require special care
If necessary, the modular house can be transported to another location
The large area of ​​the flat roof of a modular house allows you to create a usable area on it
A modular house can be built from environmentally friendly materials
You can create a terrace on the roof of a modular house

Houses made of reinforced concrete panels with flat roofs

This type of house includes all urban buildings and some types of low-rise suburban buildings. A high degree of standardization allows you to build houses using a set of panels and floor slabs, as well as build flat roofs using specialized blocks.

Panel houses are highly durable and belong to prefabricated buildings of a standard type

Reinforced concrete products have not only strength, but also high thermal insulation characteristics.

Standard reinforced concrete products allow you to install a building of any complexity with a flat roof