The facade of an apartment building is common property, therefore the management company is responsible for the condition of this element of the building. She is directly involved in organizing its repairs, which are paid for by the owners. In this article we will look at the types repair work and describe the reasons for launching them. The issues of residents' participation in the repair of building facades and responsibility for its untimely implementation will be raised.

Building construction apartment building during operation they wear out and need reconstruction. It is needed to maintain the normal appearance of buildings and ensure the safety of people. In the case of a facade, its destruction is dangerous for both residents and others.

Periodic repairs of building facades are also necessary to extend the life of the facility. This point is important both for apartment owners and for the management organization.

When is it necessary to carry out façade repairs?

In the case of the façade, most of the damage is visible to the naked eye. This is how they are fixed - by visual inspection. It is carried out by a commission with the participation of competent specialists, employees of the management organization and residents of the apartment complex. If we are talking about major repairs, then representatives of the regional operator also participate.

There are several obvious signs that indicate the need for facade repair:

• the plaster layer is damaged or falls over an area of ​​more than 30 percent;
• seams between blocks or panels are exposed;
• the insulation layer is destroyed;
• The gutters are damaged and rainfall is leaking onto the exterior wall.

If any such deficiency is detected, repair work is started immediately.

Not all defects are visible to the naked eye. To detect hidden deficiencies, deeper instrumental studies are carried out. For example, this is how the condition of balcony slabs and concrete canopies is assessed.

Types of house facade repairs

Facade repair apartment buildings It happens:

• current;
• capital.

During current repairs, mainly cosmetic procedures are carried out aimed at restoring the normal appearance of the building. This option is possible with minor damage to the facade.

Current repairs do not involve major reconstruction of the façade of the building. Its purpose is to maintain the proper appearance of external walls. The work included here is carried out in a clearly defined sequence.

1. The walls are cleaned and prepared for further work.
2. The working surface is plastered - this eliminates various defects and ensures the evenness of the walls. To eliminate complex defects, materials are selected separately for each situation.
3. The walls are primed before further application of finishing material, for example, painting. In this case, the paint lasts much longer and better.
4. Coloring. This is the final stage cosmetic repairs MKD.

Routine repairs are carried out much more often than major ones. Much less money is required for cosmetic procedures.

Major repairs of the facade are characterized by greater complexity and duration. During it, serious restoration measures are carried out building structures.

List of works for major repairs of the facade of an apartment building

There is a major overhaul program in the regions apartment buildings. For each apartment building, a date for completion of repair work is determined. The order is strictly observed, since regional funds usually do not have enough funds. More than 90 percent of residents pay for major repairs on time, but certain problems with payment discipline remain.

Major repairs of facades are carried out together with other work related to the restoration of building structures and communications of the apartment building. It is carried out in parallel with other activities or completes them.

In some cases, it is possible to achieve a major overhaul of facades ahead of schedule. The legislation provides for rules allowing for rescheduling if necessary. A prerequisite is the availability of funds accumulated by residents specifically for major repairs. There are no government subsidies allocated for these purposes.

Launch overhaul the façade of a building is much simpler if funds for it are collected not in the general fund of the regional operator, but in a special account (usually managed by the management company or HOA). In this case, the decision made at the general house meeting is sufficient. For individual items related to major repairs facade works usually don't spend too much large amounts. This makes it easier to coordinate them with apartment owners and find the necessary financing.

The task of the management organization is to assemble a commission to inspect the facade. It describes shortcomings, assesses the degree of wear and tear. After this, estimate documentation is prepared.

The list of works depends on how worn and damaged the facade is. In general it looks like this:

• the building is inspected for defects;
• the facade is pre-prepared - the old coating is dismantled, the surface is cleaned of rust and traces of fungus;
• cracks are sealed with cement-sand mortar;
• the surface is primed to eliminate dust and improve adhesion building materials;
• joints are treated with waterproofing and sealed;
• the basement and blind area are being repaired;
• insulation is made with polystyrene foam or mineral wool;
• canopies and elements of the drainage system are installed;
• Protective and decorative finishing of the façade of the MKD is carried out.

When large cracks appear in brickwork sealing with mortar does not solve the problem. In this case, the destroyed bricks are replaced with new ones.

A major renovation of a façade does not involve performing all of the above work at once. The list in each case is compiled separately depending on the condition of the building.

A common practice is partial overhaul. It is carried out to eliminate specific unexpected deficiencies. For example, this could be restoring the canopies of balconies on the upper floors to protect the walls from precipitation or repairing a section of damaged blind area.

When overhauling a façade, its functional parts are changed as necessary:

• double glazed windows;
• partitions;
• decorative stained glass windows and more.

Responsibility for repairs

Cosmetic and major repairs of the facade of apartment buildings are paid for by apartment owners. Funds for this are collected monthly under two relevant headings:

• current maintenance of housing;
• home renovation.

Responsibility for carrying out repair work is divided depending on its type. Current repairs are carried out by the management organization. She raises funds for these purposes, regularly inspects the building and works with residents' requests. Responsibilities of the management company regarding current repairs facades are described in RF PP No. 491 dated August 13, 2006.

It must be emphasized that facade cosmetic procedures are carried out using funds that are regularly collected from residents. It is not possible to set additional fees for unexpectedly required routine repairs. In case of significant damage, you can ask apartment owners to voluntarily hand over funds. For example, this may be necessary to eliminate the consequences of a fire in the entrance. If the current savings of the management company are not enough for this, then additional funds from residents will help to carry out restoration faster.

The regional operator is responsible for major repairs of facades if the money is accumulated from him. Managing organization for carrying out repair work in in this case does not invest his own funds.

When collecting money for major repairs on a special MKD account by an organization necessary measures its holder is engaged. He himself determines the scope of repair work, selects a contractor, approves all this at a general meeting and monitors further implementation.

When can residents of a home request repairs?

Planned repairs of building facades are carried out without the participation of apartment owners - they are approved in advance. If the management organization does not eliminate the obvious shortcomings of the external walls of the apartment building, then residents may demand repair work. This applies to both planned and extraordinary events.

Residents can apply for repairs in the following cases:

• elements of the facade lose connection with the wall and begin to collapse, for example, bricks fall out, plaster or stucco crumbles;
• due to damage to the drainage, sediments flood the outer walls and flood the apartments;
• cracks, drips and other defects spoil appearance building;
• The blind area and plinths were destroyed, the general glazing was damaged, and so on.

If we are talking about a planned overhaul of the facade, then six months before it is carried out, the person in charge provides information about the upcoming work. Residents study it and make adjustments if necessary. Only after this is the plan approved and preparations for its implementation begin.

Exterior wall decoration is an important part of the design of any building. After all, the facade of the house is business card owners. It reflects their preferences and forms the first impression of the home as a whole. Exterior finishing, in addition to decorative, also performs the function of insulation, and also plays the role of protection load-bearing walls from the effects of temperature changes and natural precipitation. In this article you will learn how to decorate the facade of a private house.

Nowadays there is a huge amount of building materials that can be used for exterior finishing building. Before you begin work on the design of external walls, you need to carefully study the positive and negative qualities of all finishing materials and decide what end result you plan to get.

The exterior decoration of a private house also depends on design solution interiors - it is necessary that there is harmony between them. Only then will the house look not just like a structure made of stone and concrete, but comfortable and cozy home, in which you want, as they say, to live, live and make good.

In addition, the choice of finishing material is influenced by:

• selected façade design style;
• climate;
• budget for construction work.

What materials are there for exterior home decoration?

A modern facade is usually finished with artificial or natural stone, brick, vinyl or metal siding, porcelain stoneware, plastic or wood panels, plaster.

Wood paneling

Wood is considered an excellent thermal insulator, environmentally safe material. Most often, oak, cedar, and pine are used to make wooden panels.

Note! Kitchen in a private house - 100 photos of design and layout ideas

The positive aspects of wood are its strength and resistance to precipitation. The disadvantages include the need special care: wood must be treated every year with special compounds to protect against pests.

Cladding with metal panels

Metal panels are one of the most practical facing materials for external walls of buildings. They are usually made of steel or aluminum. Metal panels have a long service life and do not require any special care.

The design of a facade with such cladding looks stylish and beautiful, especially if it includes wooden or stone finishing elements.

Decoration with vinyl panels

Vinyl siding does not require any maintenance. Photographs of the facades of private houses show that it can be used for cladding any buildings, regardless of their type. It is affordable.

Another advantage is its diversity color solutions and stylistics (it can be stylized as stone, wood). Also on vinyl good thermal insulation, but the impact resistance is less than that of wood and metal.

Brick cladding

Brick is a unique finishing material. With its help, you can create different patterns, and it also gives the entire structure a cozy look. In addition, its advantages include:

• ease;
• durability;
• no need for special care;
• ease of installation;
• beautiful thermal insulation properties.

The disadvantage is the high cost.

Finishing with natural or artificial stone

Just like brick, stone is the most expensive facing material. In addition to significant financial investments, it requires serious efforts. Stone cladding is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. As a result, buildings are usually only partially finished with stone.

But such design of facades gives a private house a particularly chic and representative look. Such a building will have a higher value upon subsequent sale.

Concrete finishing

In Western Europe, the popularity of cladding external walls with concrete is only growing every day. You can expect this to happen soon fashion trend will reach our country.

First, it must be said that external walls are finished with concrete if they need to be strengthened and strengthened. Such facades look very stylish. In addition, concrete has the ability to highlight the beautiful appearance of wood and other finishes.

Facade plaster

Finishing with plaster can be done by anyone. A plastered facade can have a rather beautiful appearance, especially if textured plaster is used. Speaking about the qualities of this coating, it is durable and weather-resistant.

Finishing with other facade panels

In addition to panels made of wood, metal, vinyl, panels from:

• Fiber cement. They are resistant to frost, lightweight, and durable. Another advantage is the variety of texture solutions. The downside is the high cost. The fastening is carried out on a metal frame.
• Foam plastic. The peculiarity of such panels is the presence of a reinforced layer of plaster and the absence of the need to install a frame. The disadvantages include the impossibility of attaching them to the facades of wooden buildings - this can lead to rotting of the wood.
• Glass. Glass panels are made from special impact-resistant glass. They have good heat and sound insulation properties. The disadvantage is the high cost of the material and significant costs during its installation.

Cladding external walls with sandwich panels

A sandwich panel consists of two sheets of metal with a layer of insulation and a vapor barrier between them. Pros: light weight, ease of installation, excellent thermal insulation, durability, moisture resistance, fire resistance.

If the top layer is damaged, the panel can be easily restored, without the need to replace most of the facade. The disadvantage is that such material is not cheap.

Covering the external walls of the house with siding

This is probably the most common and a budget option facade finishing. Siding can be installed on both insulated walls and walls without insulation. This facing material is used to hide facade defects. It is moisture resistant and comes in a variety of textures and colors. Vinyl, metal, wood, and cement can be used to make it.

The ideal cladding is the one that best protects the load-bearing structures of the house from various types of precipitation. This is the most important point, which you should pay attention to when choosing facade cladding.

Of all the finishing materials that meet this requirement, choose the one that is easiest to install and further care, which has the best thermal insulation and moisture-repellent properties.

Photos of the facades of private houses

Facade multi-storey building, like any other building, carries important functions and, basically, adheres to the same rules, standards and directions as the decoration of private houses. However, all facade work on high-dimensional buildings has some differences in terms of style and design.

Features of façade finishing of multi-storey buildings

It should be said right away that facade work on multi-story buildings will require the use of scaffolding, which will allow builders to work on both the lower and upper levels, as well as industrial climbers.

Most often, scaffolding is taken into the arena. In general, practice suggests that they will be needed for about a week. The cost of renting scaffolding depends on its type and duration. Unlike low-rise structures, which require less materials and time, modern multi-story buildings are more complex in terms of facade work.

In addition, in the current period, houses of the so-called mixed type are widespread, in which offices and shops are located on the ground floors, while the upper floors are residential. For such houses it is necessary individual approach when designing each part of it. Wide and varied selection of finishing materials in their characteristics and appearance modern market leaves many people confused. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the functionality of the materials and the design features of a particular building. The climatic conditions of the region also play an important role when choosing materials.

Methods of finishing facades of multi-storey buildings

Let's look at the methods used for finishing multi-storey buildings. The first is the “wet” façade, which is a very labor-intensive process that requires special preparation. In addition, it has a rather unpleasant " by-effect" such as more dirt and waste.

If we consider tiling, this is also a labor-intensive process that is closely related to the above option. The third option is the most optimal. This is about .

This material is simply great solution, when it comes to finishing ordinary private houses or multi-storey buildings. Installation of hinged ventilated facades is quite easy, even at high altitudes.

Companies that produce this material to order can prepare panels in advance the right size since already drilled holes. In addition, this option does not require any preliminary preparation of the walls. It is reliable and features some very beneficial properties, including high thermal insulation and sound insulation.

The base on which such a facade structure is installed is a substructure that is fixed to the wall of the building. At installation work When installing such a subsystem, steel is used, both stainless and galvanized.

The main parts used in the installation process are brackets and guides made of aluminum and steel. To increase the strength of such brackets, a significant increase in the area of ​​their longitudinal section is required.

Then carry out technological sequence mounted installation. First of all, the beacons are installed according to pre-designated verticals (or strings). After this, using anchors, the supporting brackets are installed and secured on these beacons.

The next step is to install the insulating layer using dowels on guides attached to the supporting brackets. Now you can begin the actual installation of the facing layer, which must be carried out strictly according to the instructions.

After completion of installation work, it is necessary to carry out quality control.

Video - Insulation technology for multi-storey buildings

1. Varieties
2. What is siding?
3. Additional classification

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

What is siding?

Types of siding

1. Of steel.
2. Made from cement.

1. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture.

Types of building facade designs

Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

1. Facing part (outer layer). Most often it is covered on the outside ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Home | Articles |Facades for residential multi-storey buildings - variety of types

Facades for a residential multi-storey building - a variety of types

Of the different approaches to arranging walls in recent years, ventilated facades have stood out the most. This concept is characterized by the principle itself: the cladding is installed at a certain distance from the wall, and a heat-insulating layer is laid between the outer covering and the wall.

What is a facade

In addition, facades for residential multi-storey buildings provide air gaps. That’s why facades are called ventilated, as they create spaces accessible to air. Such ventilation can protect buildings from dampness, and thermal insulation insulates facades in Tver for residential high-rise buildings and protects them from heat in summer. Often new multi-storey buildings are clad with ventilated facades, since the thermal insulation properties of the systems are taken into account in advance in the design. But, according to experts, if the walls of old houses have unevenness or defects, then it will be quite possible to insulate it with the help of ventilated facades for multi-storey buildings.

Ventilated facades for residential multi-storey buildings consist of three elements.

The entire structure is supported on hanging metal frames, which are made of of stainless steel or from aluminum profile. Constructions metal gratings facade systems may be different. The frame, which is attached to the wall, has two main functions. WITH outside the outer cladding of the building is applied to it, and a thermal insulation layer is applied inside, as well as a waterproof windproof film. The customer needs to determine what exactly the façade for a multi-storey residential building will be made of, and professionals from special companies can take care of the rest.

The choice of facades for residential multi-storey buildings nowadays is quite large: ceramic and stone tiles, porcelain tiles, fiber cement and asbestos cement slabs, siding and others.

Facing the facades of residential multi-storey buildings with fiber cement is the best option for use in residential construction standard houses. Due to high wear resistance Fiber cement can save money on the restoration of a multi-storey residential building, and due to its impact resistance, protect the facade from the negative effects of natural and mechanical factors.

Porcelain stoneware, used for finishing the facade of residential multi-storey buildings, is a universal facing material that is widely used in all types of construction, in particular in multi-storey construction. In the finishing and construction of multi-storey residential buildings, they are subject to special requirements, the most important of which is fire safety.

Porcelain stoneware is a non-flammable material and environmentally friendly and natural raw materials are used in its production. The uniformity of the patterns, as well as the geometrically correct edges of porcelain stoneware, make the work of installers easier and allow work to be carried out in a short time and in almost any weather conditions. The remarkable performance properties of porcelain stoneware include resistance to temperature changes, durability and resistance to stains.

See also:

1. Varieties
2. Front façade: materials for decoration
3. What is siding?
4. Main facade: types of structures
5. Additional classification

Some people wonder what is the facade of a building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.

The concept of “facade” has another meaning: it is a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building. The projection is carried out onto a vertical plane.

Front side meets different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportions, and architecture. According to Wikipedia, the following varieties are distinguished:

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

Varieties

The front side of the building is called the facade; it is where guests are greeted. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.
4. Hinged ventilated structures. They differ in cladding. The cladding can be made of: porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiber cement, metal cassettes, siding, blockhouse, decorative boards, stainless steel.
5. Media façade. This is the most modern variety front side of the building. In this case, screens are installed. Together, these screens form a video image. As a result, the front side of the building looks like one large screen. It looks very fashionable and modern.

To beautifully decorate the main side, some professionals advise using stucco and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster or paint.

Front façade: materials for decoration

In order to issue main view buildings, the following materials are used:

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

What is most commonly used

Stones are often used to finish the front side. Can be used both natural and artificial stones. The most popular natural stones are:

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

Artificial stones are very popular. Architectural concrete is in particular demand. It is also called “white stone”. From " white stone» you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hanging panels.

Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.

What is siding?

Siding is a material for cladding a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:

1. With the help of siding you can achieve variety in creating shapes.
2. It is very easy to operate.
3. It can be made from a wide variety of materials.

Types of siding

1. Made from vinyl. Siding made from this material is quite strong, durable, and practical. The building becomes attractive due to the brilliant properties of the material.
2. Made from polystyrene foam. The heat transfer of the building decreases. This is of great importance for buildings located in harsh climatic zones. The advantages of foam siding are also an increase in the vapor permeability of the building; moisture does not accumulate on the walls.
3. Made of metal. It is the metal finishing that will add durability to the building and resistance to adverse environmental factors.
4. Of steel.
5. Made of wood. The main façade with such finishing looks aesthetically pleasing and provides excellent thermal protection for the building.
6. Made from cement.

Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).

Plaster, as a material for cladding the outer part of a building, is also used very often and tries not to lose its position. The following types of plaster have been developed: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, pebble.

The main side should look attractive, since it is the “face” of the building.

Main facade: types of structures

What is included in the definition of façade can be understood and found out by studying the information.

All types of main types of buildings and structures are subject to two basic requirements:

1. Protection of the structure from external factors.
2. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

The “dry” type of facade systems is manufactured without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is attached using nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture. Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What is needed for this type

Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:

1. Insulation (this is the inner layer).
2. Fiberglass mesh. With its help, installers strengthen walls.
3. Decorative plaster. It comes in any shape and color.

For manufacturing you will not need complex circuits and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks, and the insulation can be simply reinforced using mesh and bolts. But there is also a small nuance - such a system cannot be installed at temperatures below +5 °C.

A huge advantage is that installation can be carried out regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A “wet” facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.

Additional classification

Today, the division of this building material into the following types is known:

The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.

Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, thanks to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

This type should consist of three layers:

1. Mineral insulation (it is located on the inside.
2. Air gap (this is the middle layer).
3. Facing part (outer layer).

   What is a building façade according to the law?

   Most often, the outside is covered with ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are not cheap. The main point in this case is the price-quality ratio.

An unventilated facade is used when the building does not have external insulation. If the facade needs to be installed on wooden building, then it is better to use a ventilated system, since wooden walls stand out on their own a large number of moisture. If you do not get rid of moisture accumulation, then wooden house it will simply start to rot.

Chapter 5. Requirements for the maintenance and appearance of buildings, structures, and improvement facilities

Section 1. Maintenance of buildings

160. Owners of buildings and organizations servicing the housing stock in accordance with the procedure established by law must ensure the maintenance of buildings and their structural elements in good condition, ensure proper operation of buildings in accordance with established rules and regulations technical operation, carrying out current and major repairs, monitoring the condition and installation of all types of external improvements located in adjacent areas, lighting within the designated area.

161. Owners of premises in apartment building in order to ensure proper maintenance of the common property of the house, they enter into a management agreement with the management organization or an agreement on the maintenance and (or) performance of repairs of the common property in such a house with persons carrying out the relevant types of activities, in accordance with housing legislation.

162. Buildings and structures whose facades determine the architectural appearance of the existing city development include all located on the territory of the city (operating, under construction, reconstructed or overhauled):

1) buildings for administrative and social and cultural purposes;

2) residential buildings;

3) buildings and structures for production and other purposes;

4) lightweight buildings (trade pavilions, kiosks, garages and other similar objects);

5) fences and other stationary architectural forms located on land plots adjacent to buildings.

163. The elements of building facades subject to maintenance include:

1) pits, entrances to basements and garbage chambers;

2) entrance units (including steps, platforms, railings, canopies over the entrance, fences, walls, doors);

3) base and blind area;

4) planes of the walls;

5) protruding elements of facades (including balconies, loggias, bay windows, cornices);

6) roofs, including ventilation and chimneys, including enclosing grilles, exits to the roof;

7) architectural details and cladding (including columns, pilasters, rosettes, capitals, sandriks, friezes, belts);

8) drainpipes, including marks and funnels;

9) fencing of balconies, loggias;

10) parapet and window railings, grilles;

11) metal finish windows, balconies, belts, plinth projections, overhangs;

12) mounted metal constructions(including flag holders, anchors, fire escapes, ventilation equipment);

13) horizontal and vertical seams between panels and blocks (facades of large-panel and large-block buildings);

14) glass, frames, balcony doors;

15) stationary fences adjacent to buildings.

164. The facades of buildings, structures, and structures should not have visible dirt or damage, including destruction of the finishing layer, drainpipes, funnels or outlets, or changes in color tone.

carrying out maintenance repairs and restoration of structural elements and facade finishing, including entrance doors and canopies, railings for balconies and loggias, cornices, porches and individual steps, railings for descents and stairs, shop windows, decorative parts and other structural elements;

ensuring the availability and maintenance of gutters, drainpipes and drains;

cleaning roofs and canopies from snow and ice, removing ice, snow and icicles from eaves, balconies and loggias;

sealing, sealing and filling of seams, cracks and potholes;

restoration, repair and timely cleaning of blind areas, pits of basement windows and entrances to basements;

maintaining the electric lighting located on the facade in good condition and turning it on simultaneously with the external lighting of streets, roads and squares in the city of Belgorod;

cleaning and washing of facade surfaces depending on their condition and operating conditions;

washing windows and shop windows, signs and signs;

fulfillment of other requirements provided for by the rules and regulations for the technical operation of buildings, structures and structures.

166. A change in the appearance of facades means:

creation, modification or elimination of porches, canopies, canopies, cornices, balconies, loggias, verandas, terraces, bay windows, decorative elements, door, showcase, arched and window openings;

replacement of facing material;

painting the facade and its parts in a color different from the color of the building;

changing the roof structure, roofing material, roof safety elements, elements of organized external drainage;

installation (mounting) or dismantling additional elements and devices (flagpoles, signs).

167. Shop windows and offices facing city streets must have lighting design.

Building's facade

On the facades of newly constructed buildings, architectural and artistic lighting equipment is installed in accordance with the design documentation.

The operating mode of shop window lighting must correspond to the operating mode of outdoor lighting.

169. On all residential, administrative, industrial and public buildings in accordance with the established order of numbering of houses in the city of Belgorod, signs and house numbers of established standards must be posted, illuminated at night, and on apartment buildings - additionally with signs of entrance and apartment numbers; they must be kept clean and in good condition.

Responsibility for fulfilling these requirements rests with the owners, unless otherwise provided by law or contract.

Owners of information signs, signs, advertising structures, decorative panels, entrance groups that are not part of the common property of the owners of the premises of an apartment building, take the necessary measures to preserve the above structures when cleaning the roof of the house in winter period.

171. Monuments and objects of monumental art, buildings that are monuments of architecture, history and culture must be maintained in proper condition.

172.V winter time the owners (in apartment buildings - persons who manage/operate the house under a contract) organize timely cleaning of roofs and canopies from snow, ice and icicles.

Clearing of ice formations from the roofs of buildings on the sides facing pedestrian areas is carried out immediately as they form, with preliminary installation of fencing of dangerous areas.

Roofs with external drainage are periodically cleared of snow, preventing its accumulation of more than 30 cm.

173. Clearing the roofs of buildings from snow and ice and dumping them onto sidewalks is allowed only during daylight hours from the surface of the roof slope facing the street. Removing snow from the remaining roof slopes, as well as flat roofs produced in internal local areas. Before dumping snow, security measures are taken to ensure the safety of citizens. Snow and ice icicles thrown from the roofs of buildings are placed along the roadway tray for subsequent removal (under contract) by the organization cleaning the roadway.

Do not throw snow, ice or debris into drainage funnels. When throwing snow from roofs, measures are taken to ensure the complete safety of trees, bushes, overhead lines of street electric lighting, banners, advertising structures, traffic light objects, road signs, communication lines, payphones, etc.

174. Owners of non-residential premises ensure that entrance canopies are cleared of debris, and in winter, snow, ice and icicles in ways that guarantee the safety of others and prevent damage to the property of third parties.

1) damage (contamination) to the surface of the walls of the facades of buildings and structures, including smudges, peeling paint, the presence of cracks, peeling plaster, cladding, damage to brickwork, peeling of the protective layer of reinforced concrete structures;

2) damage (absence) of architectural and artistic and sculptural details of buildings and structures, including columns, pilasters, capitals, friezes, drafts, bas-reliefs, stucco decorations, ornaments, mosaics, artistic paintings;

3) violation of the sealing of interpanel joints;

4) damage (peeling, contamination) of plaster, cladding, paint layer of the base part of facades, buildings or structures, including malfunction of the design of window and entrance pits;

5) damage (contamination) of protruding elements of the facades of buildings and structures, including balconies, loggias, bay windows, vestibules, cornices, canopies, entrance lobbies, steps;

6) destruction (absence, contamination) of balcony fences, including loggias, parapets.

Violations identified during the operation of the facades of buildings and structures must be eliminated in accordance with established standards and rules for the technical operation of buildings and structures.

176. If signs of damage to protruding facade structures are detected, owners and other rights holders must take urgent measures to ensure the safety of people and prevent further development of deformation. In the event of an emergency condition of protruding facade structures (including balconies, loggias, bay windows), close and seal entrances and access to them, carry out security work and take measures to restore them. Repair work must be carried out in accordance with current legislation.

177. Formation architectural solution facades of buildings, structures, structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of conservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects. The design of color solutions for the facades of buildings, structures, and structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out as part of the corresponding design documentation.

178. The architectural solution of the facade is individual and is developed applicable to a specific object, regardless of the type of project on the basis of which its construction was carried out.

The architectural solution for the facades of the facility is formed taking into account:

— functional purpose of the facility (residential, industrial, administrative, cultural and educational, physical education and sports, etc.);

— location of the object in the structure of the city, district, quarter;

— zones of visual perception (participation in the formation of a silhouette and/or panorama, visual emphasis, visual dominance);

- type of surrounding buildings (archetype and style);

— tectonics of the object (plastically developed, artistically meaningful, including color, design of the object);

— architectural coloring of the surrounding buildings;

— material of existing enclosing structures.

179. To form an architectural solution for the facades of a facility, the use of the following finishing materials is not allowed:

— PVC siding (except for facilities located in industrial areas);

- profiled a metal sheet(except for facilities located in industrial areas);

— asbestos-cement sheets;

— self-adhesive films;

- banner fabric.

180. The main condition for the facades of capital construction projects is stylistic unity in the architectural and artistic image, materials and color scheme.

181. Finishing of a part of the facade of a building, different from the finishing of the facade of the entire building, is allowed only if comprehensive solution façade of the entire building.

182. During the construction and reconstruction of capital construction projects, the placement of planned buildings and structures, as well as their elements (including porches, stairs, bay windows, balconies, loggias) outside the red lines is not allowed.

183. When designing entrance lobbies, updating, changing the facades of buildings and structures, the following is not allowed:

1) covering the existing decorative, architectural and artistic elements of the facade with elements of the entrance group, new finishing and advertising;

2) arrangement of supporting elements (including columns, racks) that impede the movement of pedestrians;

3) laying engineering support networks open method along the facade of the building facing the street;

4) arrangement of entrances located above the first floor on the facades of cultural heritage sites.

184. The use of a balcony for the installation of an entrance group is possible after obtaining the consent of the owners of premises in an apartment building.

The installation of an entrance group, as well as the installation and operation of advertising structures on the facades of apartment buildings, is permitted with the consent of the owners of the premises and in the presence of a permit issued by local authorities in the prescribed manner for the installation of an advertising structure.

unauthorized refurbishment or change in the appearance of the façade of a building or its elements;

violation of established requirements for the placement of signs, street signs, license plates of houses, buildings and structures.

damage to elements of the arrangement of buildings and structures, monuments, memorial plaques, trees, shrubs, small architectural forms and other elements of external improvement in the territories common use, as well as the production of their unauthorized alteration, restructuring and rearrangement;

unauthorized application of inscriptions, drawings, posting and hanging notices and other information messages at stopping points, walls, pillars, fences (fences) and other objects not intended for these purposes.

The organization of work to remove inscriptions, drawings, advertisements and other information messages is entrusted to the owners, owners, users of these objects;

It would seem that the issue of the status of the external walls of apartment buildings has been resolved, at least in the context of disputes about the placement of various advertising structures and signs on the facades of houses, about the installation of air conditioners, etc. In order to place such objects, the consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building is required, since we are talking about the use of common property. However, when analyzing arbitration practice in considering disputes about the transfer of residential premises to non-residential premises, the author discovered two judicial acts from one district, which state that the external walls of a house, which are not load-bearing structures, do not belong to common property. Let's see how justified such a conclusion is.

Background

Today, owners of residential premises in apartment buildings who want to transfer them to the non-residential category are experiencing serious difficulties, despite the fact that the very fact of transferring premises from one category to another does not require convening a general meeting and obtaining the consent of the owners in the prescribed manner to carry out such events.
The fact is that as a result of such a transfer, redevelopment (reconstruction) of the premises is inevitable in terms of organizing a separate entrance to non-residential premises(P.

Law building facade

2 tbsp. 22 Housing Code of the Russian Federation). This involves at least dismantling part of the outer wall of the MKD, increasing doorways, converting window openings into door openings and using the local area to place a porch.
Most often, owners who transfer premises from residential to non-residential do not ask their neighbors’ permission for this, but approve the redevelopment (reconstruction) project and implement it, sometimes even with the knowledge of the controlling body - the local administration. If officials missed the fact that the redevelopment was not agreed upon at the general meeting and issued the appropriate permit, the owners themselves or the HOA have the right to challenge it. This is confirmed, for example, in the Resolutions of the FAS Eastern Military District dated November 27, 2013 in case No. A39-5016/2012, the FAS SZO dated December 25, 2013 in case No. A56-68305/2011, or the FAS Moscow Region Resolution dated October 28, 2013 in case No. A40- 173802/12-144-866<1>, where, among other things, it is clearly stated that, by virtue of paragraph 1 of Art. 36 Housing Code of the Russian Federation and paragraphs. "g" clause 2 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property external façade wall of a residential building, being in this case the enclosing non-load-bearing structure of an apartment building, belongs to the common property of all owners of the premises, since it serves more than one residential premises as enclosing the entire residential building. In connection with this circumstance, actions to partially dismantle such a wall or add vestibules to it require the mandatory consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building due to the requirements of clause 2 of Art. 40 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The contents of this norm are given below.
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<1>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2014 N VAS-19786/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

“If the reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises is impossible without adding to them part of the common property in an apartment building, the consent of all owners of the premises in the apartment building must be obtained for such reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises.”
At the same time, in paragraph 3 of Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is very clearly formulated that reducing the size of common property in an apartment building (which inevitably occurs as a result of reconstruction of residential premises with the addition of part of the common property) is possible only with the consent of all owners of premises in a given house.
But still, more often than not, local authorities themselves refuse to transfer applicants’ premises from residential to non-residential due to the lack of consent of the remaining owners of the premises in the apartment building (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Central District of March 19, 2013 in case No. A35-4762/2012<2>, FAS DVO dated November 19, 2012 N F03-5123/2012<3>, FAS VSO dated January 31, 2014 in case No. A33-3673/2013).
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<2>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2013 N VAS-7494/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.
<3>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 5, 2013 N VAS-3070/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

However, there are judicial acts that contain other judgments. There are two of them and they were accepted by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-West Region.
Thus, in the Resolution dated May 13, 2013 in case No. A56-27235/2012, on the basis of expert opinion that outer wall a house in which a doorway is installed in place of a window due to the dismantling of the window sill space is not a load-bearing structure, the following conclusion was made: the outer wall is intended to serve only one living space, therefore the consent of all owners for its dismantling is not required. The Resolution of January 14, 2014 in case No. A56-14283/2013 demonstrates the same approach. Can it be considered correct? According to the author, no, and here's why.

Provisions of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation

According to Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owners of premises in an apartment building own, by the right of common shared ownership, the enclosing load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of the given house. First of all, let us denote that a building envelope is a structure that performs the function of enclosing or separating volumes (rooms) of a building (GOST 30247.1-94 "Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. Load-bearing and enclosing structures"<4>). Enclosing structures can combine the functions of load-bearing (including self-supporting) and enclosing structures.
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<4>Introduced by Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 23, 1995 N 18-26.

At the same time, load-bearing structures (elements) are structures that perceive permanent and temporary loads, including loads from other parts of the building. Self-supporting structures take the load only from their own weight.
Based on these definitions, it is clear why the belonging of load-bearing enclosing structures to the composition of common property is beyond doubt: they, in their own way, technical purpose perform a much more important role than servicing one room.
The functions of non-load-bearing enclosing structures are not so obvious, but they should be classified as common property not on the basis of “load-bearing/non-load-bearing”, but on the basis of “enclosing”. If we are talking about the external walls of the house, then it is obvious that they do not enclose separate rooms from each other, but the whole house, as rightly pointed out by the arbitrators of the FAS Moscow Region in the Resolution of October 28, 2013 in case No. A40-173802/12-144-866. It is this circumstance (and not technical specifications external walls) is key when deciding whether to classify this element of the house as common property.
At the same time, there should be no doubt about the correctness of what has been said, the content of the Letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated November 3, 2011 N OG-D23-1928: if the transfer of the disputed premises to non-residential premises involves the arrangement of a separate entrance by destroying part of the external wall of the apartment building, which is the enclosing load-bearing structure related to the general shared ownership, as well as the use of the local area when installing a separate entrance, entailing a change in the object and the mode of use of the part land plot occupied by an apartment building, relating to the common shared ownership of the owners of premises in this building, then the reconstruction planned for transfer to non-residential premises is allowed only with the consent of all owners of the common property of the apartment building.
The indication in this Letter that the enclosing load-bearing structures belong to the common property could be associated with a response to a specific request, an assessment of the specific circumstances of the case. This statement is not absolute and, of course, does not deny the possibility of classifying such non-load-bearing enclosing structures as the external walls of apartment buildings as part of the common property.

If a house has undergone reconstruction (redevelopment, refurbishment) of a living space, as a result of which part of the external wall of the house has been dismantled, the configuration of windows and doors has been changed, a porch has been equipped, and the owners of the premises in the apartment building have not given their consent to carry out this work, the latter have the right to declare violation of their rights, dismantling erected structures and returning part of the common property to its previous state. All changes to common property must be discussed collectively. It does not matter whether outer wall home, subjected to disassembly, load-bearing. The determining factor in classifying the structure of a house as common property in this case is the enclosing function of the walls, which provide spatial isolation of the entire house, rather than a separate room.

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When damage occurs on the façade of a house, residents have a legitimate question about who should carry out the repairs and who will pay for them. This article will help you understand when there is a need for a major restoration of the facade, which is included in the repair of the facade of an apartment building.
The implementation of repair and restoration work is regulated by the construction rules of SNIP and decisions of local executive bodies.

When is a major façade renovation required?

When destruction begins, residents begin to sound the alarm, but only a special commission can determine the extent of destruction. She makes a conclusion: a cosmetic, routine restoration will be sufficient or a major overhaul will be required.

The commission includes representatives of residents, the Regional operator and top officials management company. It is advisable to create an initiative group of homeowners that will participate in resolving these issues.

When repairs to the façade of a residential building are necessary:

• The insulation that fills the seams between blocks or panels has crumbled and collapsed. If the seams are open, moisture penetrates through them into the supporting structures. This will further lead to a violation of the integrity and strength of floor slabs and load-bearing fences.
• On more than 35% of the entire façade area, plaster, facing tiles or other protective and decorative coating have been destroyed.
• Drainpipes or gutters are broken or deformed, which leads to rainwater entering the facade, which erodes the coating, cement between bricks and leads to the destruction of building materials.

If these damages are present, the commission determines the degree of destruction and decides on the required measures to restore the facade. For each type of facade, its own is developed routing with a list of construction materials, works and technology for their implementation.

What is the difference between a major overhaul and a current one?

Distinctive features of major and cosmetic repairs are presented in the table:

Type of repair	Peculiarities
Capital	Differs in a large volume of work, includes: · completely remove the old coating from the surface; · clean the surface from rust, fungal infections, salt stains, dust, etc.; · sealing cracks, priming the facade; · eliminating leaks; · carry out insulation of walls, sealing of joints; · applying a protective and decorative coating in the form of plaster, tiles, stone, etc.; · sometimes they do complete replacement windows, doors, ebbs, drainpipes and other building elements. Work during a major renovation of a building is aimed at completely restoring or giving a new look to the house.
Cosmetic	Helps maintain the building in good condition. Includes: cleaning the surface from old coating, rust stains, mold; sealing cracks, sealing seams; primer and painting. Not only is the appearance updated, but the structures are also protected from destruction during operation.

Facade restoration work varies depending on the degree of its destruction. Regulatory documents is installed overhaul interval for current repairs 5 years, for major repairs - 10 years.

Is it possible to request early capping? repairs

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for rules on postponing the deadline for major repairs if it is required earlier than established. But prerequisite is the availability of funds in the capital repair fund account. The state does not provide subsidies.

If a sufficient amount has already been collected by the owners, a decision is made at the general meeting by voting and a protocol is filled out.

The management company must allocate a commission that will describe all the problems, the degree of wear and damage. Prepare estimate documents.

Based on the available facts, major repairs are carried out earlier than planned.

List of works for repairing the facade of an apartment building

The list and technology for performing the work differ depending on the degree of destruction and the materials used.

A sample list of major repair work looks like this:

• inspection of the building for defects;
• preliminary preparation of the facade includes dismantling the old coating, cleaning it from rust and fungal infections;
• sealing cracks with cement-sand mortar;
• primer for removing dust from the surface and better adhesion of building materials;
• waterproofing and sealing of joints;
• repair of the basement and blind area;
• insulation with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
• installation of canopies and drainage system;
• protective and decorative finishing of the facade.

That's all that is included in the major renovation of an apartment building.

Large cracks in brickwork are not repaired with mortar, but bricks are replaced in the damaged area.

Facade repair technology

The types and volumes of repair work are determined based on technical report on the condition of building structures and communications. For each MKD (apartment building), design and estimate documentation is individually developed in accordance with the rules of SNIP and other regulatory documents.

When developing design estimates for major repairs, the following must be taken into account:

• elimination of malfunctions, leaks, destruction of structures and engineering systems;
• application of innovations and energy-efficient technologies;
• use of environmentally friendly, non-flammable materials approved for use in the residential sector.

Based on the developed documentation, comprehensive repairs are carried out according to the list described above.

Facade repair, SNIP rules

SNIP describes in detail the requirements for carrying out facade repair work and control rules.

Repair of facades is carried out in accordance with the project documentation PPR (work execution plan).

SNiP rules 3.04.01-87 indicate that before finishing works the following activities must be carried out:

• Protection of the facade from the influence of precipitation, so that leaks do not occur, and interpanel and interblock seams do not collapse. A prerequisite is sealing the seams. If they leak, fungus and mold will form inside the premises.
• External thermal insulation, arranged in accordance with the rules of SNIP, helps to increase the energy efficiency of the building.
• It is imperative to seal and insulate the interfaces between window and door structures and walls.

If funds are available, old window doors are completely replaced with energy-saving metal-plastic ones, and new canopies and ebbs are installed.

Plastering and cladding are carried out before the installation of embedded products and drainpipes.

Who should carry out repair work on the façade of an apartment building?

Work on major repairs of the facade of a multi-storey building is carried out by a contractor company called a regional operator. This structure is created based on the solution government agencies executive power in order to implement the program for restoration and MKD repair. Regulated by Federal Law No. 255 of July 21, 2014. The owners at the general meeting by voting can choose another contractor, but the obligatory condition is that it is not a commercial organization.

The contractor must have accreditation, all necessary permits and permits to perform special construction and repair work.

Who pays for the work

Major repairs of a multi-storey residential building are carried out through monthly targeted contributions from the owners. They can be either minimal or exceed the mandatory minimum established by the state.

According to the requirements of Article 139 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, all owners of apartment buildings are obliged to pay monthly contributions for major repairs. The exception is the owners of dilapidated houses, which make no sense to repair.

A room with a degree of wear and tear of more than 70% is considered unsafe. In this case, residents are placed on a waiting list for resettlement.

Regulatory acts

Organizational measures for carrying out major repairs are regulated by Federal Law No. 271-FZ in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 2012. The norms provide for the creation in the constituent entities Russian Federation mechanisms for financing capital repairs in apartment buildings.

Art. 166-174 LCD determine general provisions major repairs in the apartment building.

Article 174. paragraph 2. Funds transferred to the capital repair fund can be used:

• to pay for repair and restoration work or services;
• payment for the preparation of estimates and design documentation.

If the commission recognizes the house as unsafe and subject to demolition or reconstruction, the funds are used to pay for these works, and the unspent balance is returned to the apartment owners in parts proportional to the amounts deposited into the current account.