One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered to provide a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many employers do not comply with temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

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Is the employer obligated to monitor the room temperature?

This question can be answered by Article 212, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or, conversely, high temperature can lead to a decrease in energy levels and, as a result, its performance.

Accordingly, if an employer evades fulfilling this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

It can be said that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature throughout the entire working period.

Temperature conditions at different times of the year

Room temperature in summer time according to the Labor Code should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures exceeding 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has several options to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

Room temperature in winter time According to the Labor Code, it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. The Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor standards have established that working in temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the indoor temperature in summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter period should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face negligence from their employers. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature using equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with regulations
• file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor
• contact the labor inspectorate for help

In the last two options, a special inspection will be carried out at the place of work, during which it will be determined whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legal methods of influencing.

What punishment does an employer face for non-compliance with temperature conditions?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or its activities will be suspended for a certain period.

Heating in an apartment is the work of either the relevant authorized organization or the owner of the home himself. In the second case everything is clear: individual system heating allows you to maintain any required temperature in each room. In the first option, everything is not so simple.

Heating standards for residential and non-residential premises are developed based on sanitary standards. The latter are based on rather complex calculations of the needs of the average organism. These values ​​are called optimal. They are of a legislative nature and are reflected in the requirements of SNiP.

Definition of norm

A person maintains a thermal balance with the surrounding air. In the simplest approximation, this means that as the temperature rises, the human body also heats up. But when a certain critical value is reached, it cools down, for example, through sweating. When the air cools, a person first freezes and then tries to warm up. Shivering when freezing is the result of muscles working to raise body temperature.

Normal is a temperature range in which compensatory cooling or warming mechanisms are not activated. Several factors influence the determination of their boundaries:

• The intensity of heat exchange depends on the type of activity. During heavy physical work or sports, the human body generates heat much more intensely than when walking slowly or playing chess. Accordingly, in the first case, a person will not freeze even at low temperatures in the room, but in the second, he will get chilled at the slightest drop.
• Another factor is the time of year and climatic features. Human body adapts to alternating heat and cold. As a result, an air temperature of 19–22°C is considered comfortable in winter, and 22–25°C in summer.
• Another feature is daily temperature fluctuations. During sleep, vital processes slow down somewhat, and body temperature drops accordingly. But, since a person does not move, that is, heat exchange with air is minimized, there is no need to maintain an optimal atmosphere for wakefulness. Most heating companies reduce heating intensity at night.

The minimum possible temperature for residential premises is +18°C. With this value, the average person can long time do without outerwear without harm to health.

Standard Requirements

Heating standards for an apartment, first of all, establish the value optimal indicator for residential and non-residential premises and possible deviations from them. Their development is simpler than for workers’ quarters, since in the dwellings the activity of the inhabitants is low and stable.

For residential premises, the norm is an air temperature of 20–22°C; the permissible temperature is 18–24°C. At the same time, in a corner room it should not fall below 20°C: such rooms are subject to strong frost and wind.

• Kitchen - workroom, where there is often its own “source” of heat – gas stove. The temperature here is 19–21°C, and the allowed temperature ranges from 18 to 26°C.
• Toilet – the optimal range is 19–21°C, 18–26°C is acceptable. In any case, the bathroom cannot be the coldest room in the apartment; heating it is required.
• The bathroom is the hottest room, as it differs high humidity. The minimum in the bathroom is 18–24, the maximum is 26°C. However, already at 20°C it is uncomfortable to use the bathroom.
• Non-residential premises - temperature is calculated based on frequency of use. For the corridor it is 18–20°C, but 16 degrees is allowed. For the pantry – 16–18, but allowed from 12°C to 22°C.

Since the need for heat during sleep decreases, GOST allows the temperature of residential premises to be lowered by 3 degrees in the period from 0 to 5 am. Such a decrease is not a violation of the temperature norm for heating an apartment.

Requirements for heating systems

Heating multi-storey building- the result of complex engineering calculations, sometimes not very successful. The difficulty is not how to deliver heated water to the object, that is, the building, but to distribute it among apartments in such a way that the required temperature and humidity are maintained for residential premises.

The effectiveness of such a system depends on the coordinated action of all components, including pipes and batteries in each apartment. Therefore, replacing radiators without taking into account heating features leads to negative consequences: one apartment does not receive heat, while another overheats.

Heating temperature standards in a city apartment help create effective heating.

• According to safety requirements, the temperature of the coolant in the radiators of the heating system must be 20 degrees less than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the materials. For residential apartment buildings, the norm is considered to be a temperature in the heating main from 65 to 115°C, depending on the season.
• If the water is overheated to 105°C, measures are taken to prevent it from boiling.
• The normal limit for the temperature of the heating battery is 75°C; if it is higher, then the radiator is protected.
• IN middle latitude The residential heating season lasts from mid-October to mid-April. In fact, heat suppliers are required to start heating after registration average daily temperature outside +8°C for five days in a row.

Temperature violations

Failure to comply with the above heating standards is considered as grounds for recalculating the payment for heat supply. A situation where the inhabitants of apartments are the same in size, but in different houses, they pay an excellent amount, this is not considered a reason, since the reason here may be the most various factors. For example, different degrees of thermal insulation of buildings.

According to the "Rules for the provision utilities» a decrease in temperature compared to that specified in the standards for each hour reduces payment by 0.15%. Since the “cooling” as a result of poor heat supply takes days, not hours, the amount ultimately decreases by a fair amount.

You can do the calculation yourself. It should be taken into account that at night - from 0 to 5, the time indicator can be reduced to 3 degrees.

• The difference between the real daytime temperature of the premises and the normal one is calculated, for example, 16 ° C with a standard 18 ° C, that is, the difference is 2 degrees.
• The number of hours per month when observed low temperature, for example: 19*20=380 hours.
• Suppose you need to pay 1500 rubles per month. Using a conversion factor equal to 0.0015, the adjustment amount is obtained. In our example, this is 380*2*0.0015*1500=1710 rubles. It is this value that should be subtracted from the payment amount.

According to the mentioned document, if in a residential building there is a difference between the actual and standard temperature of 1-2 degrees, the owner of the apartment has the right to refuse to pay for heating.
However, it is absolutely necessary to document the temperature violation. For this purpose, representatives of a special service are invited - the housing commission, for example. If the latter refuses to check, the tenant can form an independent commission from the residents of the same building.

It is quite difficult to significantly influence the operation of the heat supply, much less directly control the operation of the system. However, registering violations in the operation of heating systems and insisting that utility services fulfill their duties is both the right and duty of residents. Especially when among the inhabitants of the apartment there are elderly people and small children who require a stable, sufficient temperature.

However, it should be remembered that violations of standards when heating an apartment are not grounds for independently altering the heating system and installing large radiators. This is fraught with an imbalance in the heat supply of the entire house and is punishable by a large fine.

The amount in payment receipts increases quarterly, especially during a crisis period for the country. But at the same time, the quality of public services leaves much to be desired. Difficult times come for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, management companies responsible for providing hot water supply in apartment buildings, often work dishonestly and strive to evade responsibility.

Temperature standards

Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it colder and are content with a low temperature of 18° C, others prefer cozy warmth and 24-25° C instead of thick sweaters and socks. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to legislation , since not only the health and well-being of the family, but also the budget depends on this.

The standard temperature in the apartment is contained in “ GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. Are common technical specifications “. Here are the values ​​needed for the calculation maximum power heating devices. Staircases in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is a space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour, and are dressed in outerwear.

In the inter-apartment corridors, as well as in the lobbies, the temperature is 16-22° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves the temperature is 18-25° C. These premises are intended for permanent residence(that is, more than 4 hours). The highest temperature is 24° C – valid for calculations in the bathroom. The norm is also regulated Sanitary rules and SanPiN.

Medical standards for temperature conditions in residential premises

A little about what optimal temperature must be in the house according to medical recommendations. The norm in residential premises is 22° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. If room temperature higher, it can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, the appearance of mucus, and increased susceptibility to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises, and even more high temperatures do not pose a health risk.

When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or other room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. In adult bedrooms, the temperature can be slightly cooler than in the living room - around 20° C. This indicator guarantees deeper sleep and, therefore, better rest.

Heat rate control

In order to maintain the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control heat standards, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. Window and door frames need to be sealed. In the room, do not cover radiators, do not paint them with a thick layer of paint, and do not hang thick window curtains over them (heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment at a minimum distance of 1 meter from radiators.

Temperature graph of the heating system in separate rooms It is recommended to regulate using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be adjusted to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and programmed thermal power for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and habits of local residents.

Modern thermostats will also adjust heating output according to external conditions– warming or cooling outside, sunlight, etc. You don’t need to turn off the heat completely, all you have to do is lower the temperature, for example by setting the economy mode to 15° C. Lowering the temperature even by 1° C increases savings heat by 5-7.5%.

Factors affecting temperature

The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:

• heating off;
• climatic features of the place;
• change of seasons;
• individual characteristics of individual apartments.

The heating temperature schedule also depends on the place where the property owners live. For example, in northern latitude it will be different from the southern climate. The influence of factors such as Atmosphere pressure and outdoor air humidity also affect the normal value of the heating system in any month.

When the seasons change, the microclimate in living rooms also varies. For example, in the winter months the temperature will be lower, and in the hot season it will be higher. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators, following the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For mid latitudes optimal value in winter - about 22 degrees, and in summer - 25 degrees. Although at first glance the difference of three degrees is insignificant, it affects the well-being of everyone living in an apartment building or private building.

Regulating the indoor climate

When heating outages occur, the temperature in the apartment must be controlled for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who feel comfortable and well during the hot months; they do not require the installation of climate control equipment. Also, some in winter cold The rooms are constantly ventilated. But all the requirements of the average person are reflected by the current standards for any heat supply company for which a central shutdown schedule has been established heating devices. After all, hypothermia, like overheating, has a negative effect on human health.

Among other things, norms also depend on gender. Women require higher temperatures than men. You need to be extremely careful about the temperature conditions in the apartment where children live. They cannot yet regulate their temperature, so they are susceptible to overheating and freezing faster than adults. As a result, the thermal norm for them should be stable and be about 22 degrees.

In accordance with current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain values ​​of no less than and no more than 22 degrees, and all deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.

To maintain normal temperature, certain conditions must be observed. Previously, the temperature was regulated using radiators, and in order to warm the room more, they used additional heat sources - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.

Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climate control equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. For example, modern air conditioners not only cool air flows coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have dehumidification functions when the room is too humid, and purify the air from harmful compounds.

Current sanitary standards do not set the temperature of radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the home corresponds to certain indicators, which is influenced by differences in climatic conditions of the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should not be lower than 20 degrees. If this value is less, then the services of the heat supply organization are of poor quality.

In this case, property owners need:

• seek to eliminate poor performance in the provision of public services;
• demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
• carefully seal all cracks in windows and doors;
• buy additional equipment for heating the room;
• install autonomous heating appliances.

How to increase or decrease the temperature

By GOST the minimum indicator in the apartment should correspond to 15 degrees. With such a value, although life is quite difficult and uncomfortable, management companies believe that all standards are met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when cold weather sets in or mass heating outages occur, double-glazed windows are installed or the windows are sealed. At worst, they turn on electric heaters or convectors.

What to do when the constant temperature in the home reaches 28 degrees, which happens when the batteries are too hot. The highest value in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required number.

When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to constantly open the windows due to drafts in the room. If the apartment has Small child, then such actions are not a way out of the situation; this is completely contraindicated for older people. To correct the situation you can:

• turn on the tap in front of the radiator;
• install an air recuperator.

By closing the ball valve in front of the battery, you will reduce the amount hot water which is served. The recuperator will allow air flows to circulate correctly, and the air flow will enter the home already warmed up.

Optimal temperature during the heating season

It is clear from the above that the comfortable value in the apartment is established SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators are defined within the range of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of the housing. Kitchen, living rooms and bathrooms have different standards. The errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to current legislation, when it is 15 degrees above zero in an apartment, claims cannot be made against management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries heat up to their maximum. Here, as they say, if you want to live, know how to move around and contact the relevant authorities.

Responsibility of utilities for violations of standards

According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are obliged to reduce by 0.15 percent for each hour of violation of standards. If you do the math, for 28 days of improper provision of the service, the payment is reduced by up to 90 percent. Naturally, utility services they themselves will not perform such a recalculation, so they will have to turn to the courts.

There are many cases where residents apartment buildings sued utility companies for money not provided in full or poor quality services. For example, three years ago, a Perm resident managed to recover 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and contact.

Conclusion

Must provide temperature in accordance with current standards and regulations Management Company at your place of residence. As a result, if cases of non-compliance with the quality of heating services are identified, this organization must be reported and, if required, a report must be drawn up.

If it comes to a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or using modern efficient devices.

Few people perceive the onset of cold weather with enthusiasm. For most, this means everyday fatigue due to lack of vitamins and short daylight hours, an extra sweater on the body, and, as a rule, more than one, lack of sleep, a lot of inconvenience and, finally, the desire to build a cozy den out of blankets and rugs in which to wait out the unfavorable season for life. In many ways, this condition can be caused not only by the individual factors mentioned above, but also by a banal discrepancy between the temperature, whether on the street or in the apartment, to the needs of a person.

“Sick building syndrome” and temperature standards

Not many people know this, but unsuitable living conditions when it comes to the apartment in which they live are not only tiring and inconvenient, but can also cause the development of quite serious health problems, and even chronic diseases.

Temperature standards that should be in the apartment in heating season, are determined by law. Sanitary standards, determined by sanitary control Russian Federation, come down to the following:

1. In the corner room - 20°C;.
2. In the living room - 18°C.
3. In the kitchen - 18°C.
4. In the bathroom - 25°C.
5. In the toilet - 18°C, and with a shared bathroom - 25°C; although the bathroom has individual heating permissible temperature– 18°С.

It is within these limits that temperature fluctuations are considered optimal, and people in the apartment should feel good at such indicators.

When the temperature drops below normal, which most often happens during the winter season, more energy is spent on keeping warm. A person experiences fatigue and constant accumulating stress. At the same time, his immunity decreases, and his psycho-emotional state worsens.

At elevated temperature indoors, although they rarely complain about this, their well-being also worsens, mainly due to the fact that the air in the room is too dry.

Why is it cold in the apartment

Too low a temperature in an apartment is the main complaint with which residents of apartment buildings turn to the heating network. Why does it happen in winter that in some houses the temperature can reach twenty-eight degrees, while in others it can hardly be higher than fifteen? What is the reason that heating is not provided at the level required by law, and the radiators are slightly warmer than room temperature?

There can be many reasons, and the heating network is not necessarily the culprit, and it is not even necessary that there are any culprits at all. Reasons for cooling indoors:

• parameters of the coolant at the entrance to the house. If the water temperature and its pressure are below normal, then the house will naturally be cold, and all claims in this case should be addressed to Heating Networks;
• permeability of the coolant. Possibly formed airlock or the pipe is clogged with rust somewhere, this can also be the reason for the drop in temperature;
• various SNiPs. It’s not news to anyone that most of Russia’s modern housing stock was built during the Soviet Union. IN different years there were various building codes and regulations for all kinds of engineering survey, selection building materials And so on. That is why in two houses, standing nearby and having working batteries and pipes, can be different temperatures in apartments.

Low temperature - how to file a complaint

To determine the temperature in a room, it is measured at interior wall each room at a distance of one meter from outer wall and one and a half meters from the floor. And only if it does not correspond to what is indicated above, they begin to act.

Do you love cool air and completely torment your family with constant drafts and open windows, or, on the contrary, are you a heat-loving person and torment them with sweltering heat? Let's figure out what temperature is the most comfortable and optimal for your home.

Air temperature in the apartment

The air temperature in the apartment is one of the most important microclimate factors. In different climatic zones, the optimal temperature parameters are different. So for hot climates it is 17-19 0C, for moderate climates from 18 to 20 0C and in cold conditions 20-22 0C. Discomfort and bad feeling can be observed at temperatures of 24 0C or more.

But, of course, optimal temperature conditions is the one in which the inhabitants of the living space feel comfortable.

According to SNiP, the minimum permissible temperature value during the heating season in an apartment is threshold is 18 0C. Most people experience a state of thermal comfort at temperatures in 21-25 degrees Celsius. But this figure varies for different population groups. Thus, studies have shown that for women and children the optimal indoor air temperature is 23-25 ​​0C, and for the male population – 21-23 0C.

Hygienists, together with psychologists, have developed their own simple rules and conditions under which the temperature in the living space approaches the maximum comfortable conditions. According to their calculations normal temperature air in the house should be within 18-24 degrees Celsius. It is this heat temperature that will provide the most acceptable for the human body.

Temperature in the apartment for different rooms

Sanitary standards recommend adhering to the following temperature conditions.

The concept of the magnitude of temperature differences horizontally and vertically in residential buildings. When moving around the apartment, a person should not feel the temperature difference. This is possible if horizontal temperature fluctuations are within 2-3 0C.

How to measure the temperature in a room

In this case, the temperature in the room is measured on the inner wall at a distance of 1 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor.

The standards apply only after the heating season. Before it - there are no standards - warm up as best you can!

Hot water temperature in the apartment

And the temperature of hot water should be year-round– not lower than +50 and not higher than +70 degrees (according to the sanitary norms and rules of SNiP 2.08-01-89 “Residential buildings”). Measure it at an open tap by immersing the thermometer in a glass under running water.

The temperature in the apartment does not meet the standards: what to do?

If the temperature in the apartment during the heating season does not meet the standards, You can write a statement to your DEZ requesting verification. For this purpose, a technician-supervisor or an engineer from the local DEZ usually comes. After checking the batteries or plumbing system, a report is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment. If the complaints are confirmed, utility companies undertake to correct everything within 1 to 7 days.