The facade of the building is the face of the entire structure. That is why façade finishing is increasingly being carried out after construction. multi-storey building. This allows not only to give the building an aesthetic appearance, for example, to an ordinary five-story panel building, but also to additionally insulate it.

To carry out exterior finishing high-rise buildings, specialized personnel will be required. Industrial climbers are teams of workers who undergo special training and receive permission to work at heights.

Their equipment includes all the necessary equipment: winches, hooks and lifts, all this will allow for high-quality finishing in a short time.

Finish options

Multi-storey buildings can be divided into two groups according to the finishing method:

1. Residential multi-storey building. As a rule, a certain material is selected for finishing and an agreement is drawn up with the workers.
2. Mixed type residential building. This is when shops and offices are located on the ground floors. For such buildings you need individual approach in the choice of material, because finishing the lower floors will require completely different equipment and materials.

The modern market offers various materials for finishing multi-storey buildings. First of all, when choosing a material, you need to consider the following factors:

1. Features of the high-rise design.
2. Functionality of the material.
3. Climatic conditions.

Note! As a rule, it is climatic factor has the greatest influence on the choice of material, because many finishing options can not only give the building an aesthetic appearance, but also additionally insulate it.

The finishing received this name because the material used for finishing contains liquid. Simply put, finishing is done using plaster, and water is used to dilute the mixture.

Wet-type facade systems can be of three designs:

1. Plastered facades based on mineral heat-insulating material. In this option, mineral wool is used for insulation, which is attached to the reinforcing layer. After finishing the building is subject to finishing mineral or silicate plaster.
2. Organic facade systems. Here, polystyrene foam board is used as insulation, which is also mounted on a reinforcing layer. And finishing is done with silicone or organic plaster.
3. Combined facades. These systems use any type of insulation, and organic material is used for finishing.

Ventilated facades

Such systems also create good thermal insulation, and facades multi-storey buildings, finished in this way, take on an individual look.

Today, such facades are used to decorate any building. The assembly technology is carried out as follows.

1. First, a metal frame is mounted over the entire surface.
2. Insulation is placed between it.
3. The final stage is installation of the top screen.

Note! This option is good because when installing the facade, an air gap remains between the building wall and the finishing coating, which serves as good ventilation. Thanks to this, the walls do not get wet and fungus does not grow on them.

Advantages of ventilated facades

Ventilated facades have many positive aspects.

Thermal insulation

The use of insulation allows you to save on heating costs, as well as reduce the load-bearing load of the walls, due to a decrease in the thickness of the brickwork.

Weatherproof

The design of the facade is designed in such a way that moisture falling on the walls is removed through drainage, bypassing the walls and insulation material. In the same time windproof membrane installed inside the façade, prevents fibers from weathering.

Fire safety and sound insulation

The materials used to construct ventilated facades prevent the spread of fire. And the sound-absorbing properties of the system double the sound insulation of concrete walls.

Photo - residential buildings finished with a ventilated facade system.

A ventilated facade can be made of different materials.

Materials

When finishing a multi-storey building with a ventilated facade system, several types of materials are used:

1. Aluminum panel. This material is good due to its anti-corrosion qualities, durability, and given its light weight, it can be mounted on the surface of any structure.
2. Vinyl siding. It is very convenient to use panels of this material to cover the facades of two-story buildings, as well as the external ceilings of high-rise buildings. Its service life is up to 50 years. Aluminum panels are superior to vinyl panels in terms of strength, but the main argument of vinyl panels is their low cost; moreover, like the first option, it provides reliable insulation to the insulation.
3. Composite façade panels. This is an unpretentious material, it is durable, easy to care for and has a neat appearance. In addition to the listed materials, marble or porcelain stoneware are used for the finishing coating of ventilated facades. This, of course, is in its own way beautiful material, but given the heavy weight, before carrying out such cladding you will have to take care of constructing a reinforced supporting structure.
4. Glass facade. This type of finishing is only gaining popularity in Russia, and is considered one of the most promising areas. Such facades are constructed from slabs of high-strength glass, which are mounted on a metal frame.

Modern technologies make it possible to significantly transform any high-rise building and additionally provide protection for load-bearing structures.

Modern technologies make it possible to fairly reliably carry out exterior finishing of houses of any height and configuration using the ventilated facade method. The main advantage of using this method is that the walls of the house are transformed according to the most intricate options of the owners and are insulated with high-quality material.

General description and structure of ventilated facades

The structure of the structure resembles a layer cake. It consists of several “layers” that perform certain functions, and together are called ventilated facades:

Metal subsystem or wooden sheathing

The frame (sheathing) consists of the following elements:

• fastening elements (brackets, screws, rivets);
• Guides (profiles or bars).

Guide metallic profile, using self-tapping screws and brackets, is fixed to the surface of the wall of a frame, timber or log house. Installation of lathing from wooden beam is performed without the use of brackets, but the lifespan of such subsystems is shorter. The horizontal or vertical direction depends on the type of cladding material chosen.

Thermal insulation

Mineral wool or expanded polystyrene (foam plastic, carbon) is fixed to the surface of the walls of a residential building using special “fungi”. When choosing and calculating, it is recommended to take into account the thermal insulation data of a specific type of insulation. When performing the work independently, the choice depends on the preferences of the owner of a private frame building, which may turn out to be wrong.

useful in work

Before attaching thermal insulation, it is recommended to treat the walls of frame, log, lumber and any other wooden structure with an antiseptic.

Protective membrane

When insulating a facade structure with mineral wool, it is necessary to protect it from moisture and weathering. This is achieved by using a moisture-proof, vapor-permeable membrane. She protects thermal insulation material from weathering and moisture ingress, which contribute to its gradual destruction and disruption of the integrity of the system, which can affect the load-bearing walls of a residential building.

When choosing and purchasing thermal insulation for residential buildings, you need to pay attention Special attention for fire safety. The material must have the necessary certificates and belong to the non-flammable class. For example, class “C” polystyrene foam supports the combustion process for no more than 4 seconds, and class “F” - 1 second.

When using expanded polystyrene, installation of a membrane is not required (unlike mineral wool).

It is important to know

Despite its many advantages, the authors do not recommend the use of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene in ventilated facade systems, since in the event of a fire, under the influence of natural draft, such insulation it will still burn for a while and can contribute to the fire of a wooden wall.

Air gap

The presence of a certain air gap between the insulation (or the wall of a house without insulation) and the facing material allows moisture to escape outside. It is because of the presence of this space that such structures got their name.

The size of the gap is determined using complex mathematical calculations and calculated at the design stage. As a rule, the minimum air gap should be at least 40 mm. Errors in these values ​​can lead to moisture entering the thermal insulation (at a small distance), as well as humming in strong winds (at a large gap).

Decorative finishing

The cladding is fixed on guides; fastening occurs depending on the material used for specific residential buildings. Depending on what the owner of a private house preferred, fasteners are selected.

Types of facing materials

Cladding of private houses can be done using a wide range of finishing materials, each of which has its own distinctive qualities, characteristics, and is also made from different raw materials.

Natural wood

• eurolining;
• block house;
• Planken.

A natural stone

• Granite;
• marble;
• travertine;
• agglomerate.

Ceramics

• Porcelain tiles;
• terracotta;
• clinker.

Hardware

• Siding;
• facade panels;
• composite panels and cassettes.

Other materials

• Facing brick;
• HPL – panels;
• fiber cement boards.

Façade compatibility

The exterior decoration of a residential wooden log house, made using the “ventilated facade” technology, compares favorably with other methods of facade insulation in that all the useful natural qualities of a wooden structure are preserved. Multilayer “breathing” structures have proven themselves to be excellent in use in any building.

A wide selection of fasteners allows installation on almost any walls of residential buildings made of various materials. The difference can only be in the type of insulation. For example, frame or timber house They are insulated with both expanded polystyrene and mineral wool, but the log façade is insulated only with the latter. This is due to the external structure of the wall surface. Rigid sheets of polystyrene foam cannot be applied closely to the rounded shapes of a log building, and mineral wool has the ability to bend. Another good option for insulation is the use of eco-wool.

If the “wet facade” technology is used when finishing a stone house, then “breathing” structures can be erected on any type of wall.

Benefits of technology

Ventilated systems have certain strong factors relative to other types of insulation and exterior finishing. The main advantage is versatility. “Breathing” structures can be used on any surface, regardless of number of floors or configuration load-bearing walls private buildings: log, timber or frame type.

Among the many advantages of this design are the following:

• Wide selection of materials that can be used decorative cladding walls;
• heat and sound insulation of a frame or timber structure;
• increase in service life, durability is the most important factor for wooden buildings;
• There is no need to constantly maintain the facing material in good condition. Except in cases where wooden cladding materials are used (they must be treated with special chemical impregnations and solutions or varnishes).
• most of them have a certain resistance to mechanical damage, and some are even considered anti-vandal material;
• fire safety;
  

• replacing one cladding structural element does not require extra work. It is enough to dismantle it and then install a new one.

It is important to know

All of the listed characteristics are inherent in frame or any other type of buildings, subject to strict adherence technical requirements for installation, as well as the material used.

Thanks to its proven qualities, this decorative solution is actively used throughout Russia. Gradually, the number of buildings whose external cladding is made in this “breathable” way is becoming more and more numerous, which allows us to talk about their popularity.

Exterior wall decoration is an important part of the design of any building. After all, the facade of the house is business card owners. It reflects their preferences and forms the first impression of the home as a whole. External finishing, in addition to being decorative, also serves as insulation and also plays the role of protecting load-bearing walls from the effects of temperature changes and natural precipitation. In this article you will learn how to decorate the facade of a private house.

Nowadays there is a huge amount building materials, which can be used for exterior finishing building. Before you begin work on decorating external walls, you need to carefully study the positive and negative qualities of all finishing materials and decide what final result you plan to get.

The exterior decoration of a private house also depends on design solution interiors - it is necessary that there is harmony between them. Only then will the house look not just like a structure made of stone and concrete, but comfortable and cozy home, in which you want, as they say, to live, live and make good.

In addition, the choice of finishing material is influenced by:

• selected façade design style;
• climate;
• budget for construction work.

What materials are there for exterior home decoration?

A modern facade is usually finished with artificial or natural stone, brick, vinyl or metal siding, porcelain stoneware, plastic or wood panels, plaster.

Wood paneling

Wood is considered an excellent thermal insulator, environmentally safe material. Most often, oak, cedar, and pine are used to make wooden panels.

Note! Kitchen in a private house - 100 photos of design and layout ideas

The positive aspects of wood are its strength and resistance to precipitation. The disadvantages include the need special care: wood must be treated every year with special compounds to protect against pests.

Cladding with metal panels

Metal panels are one of the most practical cladding materials for exterior walls of buildings. They are usually made of steel or aluminum. Metal panels have a long service life and do not require any special care.

The design of a facade with such cladding looks stylish and beautiful, especially if it includes wooden or stone finishing elements.

Decoration with vinyl panels

Vinyl siding does not require any maintenance. Photographs of the facades of private houses show that it can be used for cladding any buildings, regardless of their type. It is affordable.

Another advantage is its diversity color solutions and stylistics (it can be stylized as stone, wood). Also on vinyl good thermal insulation, but the impact resistance is less than that of wood and metal.

Brick cladding

Brick is a unique finishing material. With its help, you can create different patterns, and it also gives the entire structure a cozy look. In addition, its advantages include:

• ease;
• durability;
• no need for special care;
• ease of installation;
• excellent thermal insulation properties.

The disadvantage is the high cost.

Finishing with natural or artificial stone

Just like brick, stone is the most expensive facing material. In addition to significant financial investments, it requires serious efforts. Stone cladding is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. As a result, buildings are usually only partially finished with stone.

But such design of facades gives a private house a particularly chic and representative look. Such a building will have a higher value upon subsequent sale.

Concrete finishing

In Western Europe, the popularity of cladding external walls with concrete is only growing every day. You can expect this to happen soon fashion trend will reach our country.

First, it must be said that external walls are finished with concrete if they need to be strengthened and strengthened. Such facades look very stylish. In addition, concrete has the ability to highlight the beautiful appearance of wood and other finishes.

Facade plaster

Finishing with plaster can be done by anyone. A plastered facade can have a rather beautiful appearance, especially if textured plaster is used. Speaking about the qualities of this coating, it is durable and weather-resistant.

Finishing with other facade panels

In addition to panels made of wood, metal, vinyl, panels from:

• Fiber cement. They are resistant to frost, lightweight, and durable. Another advantage is the variety of texture solutions. The downside is the high cost. The fastening is carried out on a metal frame.
• Foam plastic. The peculiarity of such panels is the presence of a reinforced layer of plaster and the absence of the need to install a frame. The disadvantages include the impossibility of attaching them to the facades of wooden buildings - this can lead to rotting of the wood.
• Glass. Glass panels are made from special impact-resistant glass. They have good heat and sound insulation properties. The disadvantage is the high cost of the material and significant costs during its installation.

Cladding external walls with sandwich panels

A sandwich panel consists of two sheets of metal with a layer of insulation and a vapor barrier between them. Pros: light weight, ease of installation, excellent thermal insulation, durability, moisture resistance, fire resistance.

If the top layer is damaged, the panel can be easily restored, without the need to replace most of the facade. The disadvantage is that such material is not cheap.

Covering the external walls of the house with siding

This is probably the most common and a budget option facade finishing. Siding can be installed on both insulated walls and walls without insulation. The facing material used to hide facade defects. It is moisture resistant and comes in a variety of textures and colors. Vinyl, metal, wood, and cement can be used to make it.

The ideal cladding is the one that best protects the load-bearing structures of the house from various types of precipitation. This is the most important point, which you should pay attention to when choosing facade cladding.

Of all the finishing materials that meet this requirement, choose the one that is easiest to install and further care, which has the best thermal insulation and moisture-repellent properties.

Photos of the facades of private houses

Multi-storey buildings need insulation much more than private buildings and mansions. This is explained by the fact that during construction only standard indicators are taken into account, which do not always correspond to the climatic conditions of the region, and especially to the wishes of the residents.

In this case, the wet facade apartment building becomes the only one the right decision, which allows not only to significantly insulate the structure, but also to give a more aesthetic appearance.

The main differences between the design of a multi-storey building and a private one

I had to deal with the facades of private houses and decoration apartment buildings. Over the years of work, I can say personal experience I could feel the differences in their finish:

• The difference is in the choice of material. When building a private house, there is a huge choice to implement this or that idea. It could be gas silicate blocks, and wood, and brick, and many others modern materials. The combined use of materials is often used to achieve better structural parameters. However, when constructing a multi-storey building, the choice of materials concentrates mainly on brick or reinforced concrete slabs, and this somewhat restrains the “flight of fancy” and ties our hands.

• Usually, apartment house is rented in the form in which it was originally planned, without the possibility of additional finishing outside or inside. Therefore, firstly, all these owners have to do this on their own, and secondly, they need to obtain a lot of permitting documentation for this. But everything can be resolved.

• The main problem when insulating an apartment building is that after completion it is almost impossible to insulate the entire building, because the consent of all residents of the building is required. In such cases, the finishing of the facade should be included in the initial construction contract, or decided after acceptance of the building by all homeowners. If it's not commercial multi-story building, and a residential building, then, in most cases, complete agreement is not achieved.

Features of installing wet facades on an apartment building

Insulation of apartment buildings has recently become increasingly popular. But unlike private properties, there are some significant differences - the height of the building and the large surface area.

In fact, these points are not any obstacle to installation, but simply change the way the work is carried out:

• Industrial climbing - this method is used to install a wet facade when the height of the building is quite high and it is not possible to install scaffolding;
• Scaffolding – used for medium-height buildings.

Examples of our work

Installation of a wet facade

The basic structure of a wet facade of apartment buildings is not too different from its use in a private house. There may be differences in the choice of materials and manufacturer, which is individual.

1. Thermal insulation layer - the main component is insulation. As a rule, this is mineral or basalt wool, which our team widely uses, but polystyrene foam or polypropylene can be used. This also includes an adhesive base and dowels, with the help of which the layer is mounted to the surface.
2. Reinforcing layer - consists of an adhesive base and a reinforcing mesh. This stage of work is intermediate between the insulation layer and the subsequent decorative one, since decorative plaster cannot simply be applied to mineral wool. In addition, the layer has a special function - protection from external influences environment.

1. Decorative layer - plaster, which is applied as an external finish. It protects the previous layers from weather conditions, and also serves as the front side of the building.

Features of operation of wet facades

When choosing to finish a multi-storey building with a wet facade, there are a number of features:

• Cost is the first thing residents pay attention to. But since the building is multi-apartment, the entire cost is calculated for all apartments, which ultimately amounts to insignificant expenses;
• Requires minimal care - modern technologies allow the production of materials taking into account the long service life of a particular type of finish, and a wet facade is no exception. After completion of the work, you don’t have to worry about the appearance or technical properties. Over the years, the finishing retains all its external qualities (the coating is not subject to fading or destruction from sunlight and low temperatures), and also does not lose its main property - it retains heat in apartments;
• After a certain time, it is carried out major renovation wet facades in apartment buildings. There is nothing scary about this, since it is a standard procedure and does not incur significant costs.

For your information

In most cases, an agreement is concluded management company, which services the house, with the construction team (preferably the one that carried out the initial installation of the wet facade).

• The cost is included in the payment receipt utility payments or, as many companies do, it is calculated from the amount that was set aside for planned major repairs. This incurs virtually no costs for residents.

Technology for installing a wet facade on an apartment building

The work is carried out in a certain order and depends on the height of the house and the upcoming area of ​​finishing work.

1. The area and the required amount of material are calculated. In the case of plaster, paint and glue, it is necessary to purchase 5-10% more material for unforeseen cases.
2. Surface preparation is in progress. To do this, install scaffolding or equipment for industrial mountaineering. The walls are completely cleaned of dirt, dust and previous plaster. Places of cracks and chips must be sealed with mortar so that there is no deformation of the surface (provided that the house is not new).
3. Priming of surfaces is carried out to increase the adhesion of the wall with the subsequent layer.
4. Installation of insulation occurs using glue, which is applied to the insulation itself, and subsequently fixed with dowels. The installation must begin from the corner of the wall and constantly ensure that there are no gaps between the slabs of the heat-insulating layer.

1. Reinforcement is carried out using a fiberglass mesh, which is applied over the heat-insulating layer and fixed with an adhesive base. Outer side The mesh is also treated with an adhesive solution.
2. After all layers have dried, decorative plaster is applied. This stage can be considered individual, since the material has several application options, thanks to which a new appearance of the building is created each time. It is not forbidden to use classic application when the facade requires rigor and a standard approach.
3. Painting is the final stage of installing a wet facade on an apartment building. Color is also an individual choice of the residents of the house.

Thus, external finishing a multi-storey building with a wet facade does not present any difficulties, and upon completion of the work it will become an excellent protector against moisture, the formation of fungi, mold and will help to retain heat in the apartment as much as possible.

The decoration of the facade plays an important role in the perception of the overall appearance of the house. But in addition to its aesthetic function, the facade is designed to protect the building from the harmful effects of precipitation and winds. And if previously the range of materials for facade decoration was limited to tiles, special moisture-resistant whitewash or stone chips, now every owner of a private house can choose the most suitable way facade finishing.

Let's consider the most popular types of finishing of facades of residential buildings and administrative buildings, namely:

• decorative finishing;
• decorative stone;
• facade panels;
• decorative bricks;
• professional sheet.

Decoration with decorative plaster

This method is one of the oldest ways design of the facade of both private cottages and industrial buildings. The only disadvantage of plaster is that it looks beautiful only on a carefully prepared wall.

There are several types of facade plaster:

• The most popular is mineral plaster. With its help you can create an imitation of some elite coatings, as well as all known species finishing "". It is produced by adding various mineral pigments and dyes to the cement-sand mass. Mineral plaster is vapor permeable, so before applying it it is necessary to insulate the house with foam plastic or glass wool. Over time, cracks may appear on the plastered wall. Mineral plaster will last 15-20 years.
• Acrylic plaster more elastic, so the resulting cracks are not so noticeable. Foam plastic is used as insulation when finishing walls with acrylic plaster. This plaster is not suitable for finishing country house or a building located near the road, because it strongly attracts dust and is difficult to clean. Acrylic plaster will also last 15-20 years.
• It is vapor-tight, so any insulation will fit under it. It is a universal type of decorative plaster, because it is not afraid of climatic influences, dust and does not absorb salt. The service life of silicone plaster is 20-25 years. The only drawback is the too high price.

Artificial stone for cladding

This material is durable and allows you to realize any design idea. Thanks to a wide range of textures, artificial stone can be combined with decorative plaster, and brick, and can also be used to decorate the facades of houses and administrative buildings. We recommend that you read the material about.

Fake diamond much cheaper than its natural counterpart, and thanks to its lighter weight and smooth surface it is easy to work with. The only drawback is low thermal insulation.

Facade panels

Cladding panels, otherwise called siding, are successfully used in the system. These panels provide good noise and heat insulation and allow you to hide any defect in the wall (irregularities, crumbling old coating, etc.). We recommend that you read the material about.

There are:

1. metal;
2. woody;
3. polyvinyl chloride panels.

• Metal sandwich panels are steel or aluminum strips coated with polyester. Their advantage is strength, water resistance, resistance to precipitation and temperature changes. Aluminum panels are most often used for finishing industrial buildings, as well as for shopping complexes, where in addition to appearance Much attention is paid to the strength of the cladding.
• Wooden panels are made by pressing wood fibers under high pressure, after which a special coating is applied to them. These panels are easy to work with, because they are easy to saw and at the same time have high strength. The only downside is that, like everyone else wooden crafts, these panels swell from moisture and dry out in the sun, and are also susceptible to burning.
• PVC panels are absolutely safe because they do not support combustion. They have a wide range of shades and textures, and are also easier to install than metal panels. PVC installation The panels are made taking into account their expansion in the heat, so small gaps are left between the panels, and the fastenings of the panels are not at the edges, but in the middle. The disadvantage is low frost resistance and the appearance of cracks from the cold. They are used mainly for finishing the facade of private houses and administrative buildings.

Decorative brick finishing

Decorative bricks have many forms - from classical rectangular shape to specimens with rounded edges and have both a glossy texture and a surface that imitates chipping. This material is characterized by increased strength and low heat transfer. Thanks to special technology processing and firing decorative brick waterproof and does not attract dust, which allows it to maintain attractive appearance despite exposure to precipitation and high levels of air pollution.

Most often used for finishing private cottages, facades of administrative buildings and fences.

The most popular methods of finishing facades (video)

Facing profiled sheet

It is used primarily for finishing industrial buildings, warehouses and workshops due to its low cost. The main advantages - strength and resistance to chemical attack increase the service life of the profiled sheet up to 50 years. This material is suitable for creating, because when it is installed, a gap remains between the load-bearing wall and the sheets themselves, into which the insulation is laid.

Market of materials used for exterior finishing of buildings for various purposes, truly diverse. Each consumer will be able to choose the most suitable product that is best suited for the implementation of the facade arrangement of both a shopping complex and a small private house. We recommend reading the article about .